Professional Documents
Culture Documents
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids
SAFETY SERVICES Introduction to BLS - CPR
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids
SAFETY SERVICES Introduction to BLS - CPR SAFETY SERVICES Introduction to BLS - CPR
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids
SAFETY SERVICES Introduction to BLS - CPR SAFETY SERVICES Introduction to BLS - CPR
HUMAN BODY
Anatomical Terms
1
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT - CPR
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids
SAFETY SERVICES Introduction to BLS - CPR SAFETY SERVICES Introduction to BLS - CPR
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids
SAFETY SERVICES Introduction to BLS - CPR SAFETY SERVICES Introduction to BLS - CPR
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids
SAFETY SERVICES Introduction to BLS - CPR SAFETY SERVICES Introduction to BLS - CPR
2
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT - CPR
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids
SAFETY SERVICES Introduction to BLS - CPR SAFETY SERVICES Introduction to BLS - CPR
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids
SAFETY SERVICES Guidelines in Giving Emergency Care SAFETY SERVICES Guidelines in Giving Emergency Care
GETTING STARTED
1. Plan of Action
Emergency plans should be established based on anticipated needs and
available resources.
2. Gathering of Needed Materials
The emergency response begins with the preparation of equipment and personnel
KNOWLEDGE OBJECTIVES: before any emergency occurs.
After completing this module, participants will be able to-
to- 3. Initial Response:
1. Explain the need of preparation to a proper emergency care.
• Ask for HELP.
2. Describe the four emergency action principles • Intervene
3. Enumerate the golden rules in giving emergency care. • Do not further harm.
4. Instruction to Helper/s
SKILL OBJECTIVES:
Proper information and instruction to a helper/s would provide organized
organized first aid
• Demonstrate how to do a primary survey. care.
TR 2-
2-1 TR 2-
2-2
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids
SAFETY SERVICES Guidelines in Giving Emergency Care SAFETY SERVICES Guidelines in Giving Emergency Care
Elements of the Survey the Scene Phone First and Phone Fast
• Scene safety. Both trained and untrained bystanders should
• Mechanism of injury or nature of illness. be instructed to Activate Medical Assistance as
• Determine the number of patients and soon as they have determined that an adult
additional resources. victim requires emergency care “Phone First”
First”.
While for infant and children a “Phone Fast”
Fast”
approach is recommended.
TR 2-
2-3 TR 2-
2-4
3
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT - CPR
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids
SAFETY SERVICES Guidelines in Giving Emergency Care SAFETY SERVICES Guidelines in Giving Emergency Care
TR 2-
2-5 TR 2-
2-6
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids
SAFETY SERVICES Respiratory Arrest & Rescue Breathing SAFETY SERVICES Respiratory Arrest & Rescue Breathing
RESPIRATORY ARREST
Is the condition in which breathing stops or inadequate.
TR 3-
3-1
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids
SAFETY SERVICES Respiratory Arrest & Rescue Breathing SAFETY SERVICES Respiratory Arrest & Rescue Breathing
1. Mouth-
Mouth-to-
to-
2. Mouth-
Mouth-
Mouth
to-
to-Nose
5. Mouth-
Mouth-to-
to- 6. Mouth-
Mouth-to-
to-
Face Shield Mask
3. Mouth-
Mouth-to-
to-Mouth 4. Mouth-
Mouth-to-
to-
and Nose Stoma
7. Bag Mask
Device
4
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT - CPR
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids
SAFETY SERVICES Respiratory Arrest & Rescue Breathing SAFETY SERVICES Foreign Airway Obstruction Management
Face mask
KNOWLEDGE OBJECTIVES:
After completing this module, participants will be able to-
to-
1. Identify the causes, types, and classification of obstruction.
obstruction.
2. Describe Heimlich maneuver.
Bag mask
SKILL OBJECTIVES:
After completing this session, participants will be able to-
to-
• Demonstrate how to provide Heimlich maneuver to an adult, child & infant
who have obstructed airway.
TR 4-
4-1
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids
SAFETY SERVICES Foreign Body Airway Obstruction Management SAFETY SERVICES Foreign Body Airway Obstruction Management
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids
SAFETY SERVICES Foreign Body Airway Obstruction Management SAFETY SERVICES Cardiac Arrest & Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
HEIMLICH MANEUVER
Heimlich maneuver or abdominal thrusts is recommended for relieving
relieving foreign body
airway obstruction.
KNOWLEDGE OBJECTIVES:
After completing this module, participants will be able to-
to-
1. Describe cardiac arrest.
2. Enumerate the three conditions of cardiac arrest.
3. Enumerate the criteria for not starting CPR and when to STOP CPR.
SKILL OBJECTIVES:
After completing the class, participants will be able to-
to-
• Demonstrate how to provide Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation to an adult,
adult,
child & infant who have cardiac arrest.
TR 5-
5-1
5
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT - CPR
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids
SAFETY SERVICES Cardiac Arrest & Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation SAFETY SERVICES Cardiac Arrest & Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
CARDIOPULMONARY
CARDIAC ARREST RESUSCITATION (CPR)
Is the condition in which circulation ceases and This is a combination of chest compression
vital organs are deprived of oxygen. and rescue breathing. This must be combined
for effective resuscitation of the victim of
cardiac arrest.
TR 5-
5-2
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Basic Life Support – CPR Visual Aids
SAFETY SERVICES Cardiac Arrest & Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation SAFETY SERVICES Cardiac Arrest & Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
OBJECTIVES
6
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT - CPR
Breathing: confirm tube placement Breathing: Primary confirmation Circulation: obtain IV access, Circulation: What was the initial
primarily (physical examination), (physical examination) of proper determine rhythm, give medications cardiac rhythm? What is current
secondarily (check end-tidal CO2 and placement of airway device appropriate for rhythm and vital signs cardiac rhythm?
esophageal placement), check for Breathing: Secondary confirmation
adequate oxygenation and ventilation (end-tidal CO2 detectors, esophageal Circulation:has someone obtained
detector devices) of proper device access to the venous circulation? Can
placement fluids and medication now be given?
Breathing: Adequate oxygenation and Have all medications and
ventilation? Is it possible to provide interventions been providedas
continuous/intermittent monitoring of indicated for this rhythm and overall
CO2 and oxygen levels clinical condition?
Breathing: Is tube secured to prevent
dislodgment? Is commercial tube
holder being used or tape-and-tie
techniques? Is proper tube placement
reconfirmed frequently
7
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT - CPR
Q? to Assess Responsiveness
8
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT - CPR
• Begin with an assessment of the airway, This maneuver pulls the base of the tongue
first opening the airway and checking for away from the back of the throat, thus
spontaneous breathing maintaining a more open airway:
• Open the mouth, inspect the upper airway
• The basic techniques for opening the for foreign objects, vomitus, or blood. If a
airway are the head tilt-
tilt-chin maneuver foreign object is present, remove it with
and the jaw-
jaw-thrust maneuver your fingers covered with a piece of cloth.
Overview
2 Basic ACLS Skills
1. CPR
The Advanced ACLS Skills 2. AED (Automated External Defibrillators)
9
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT - CPR
C. Secondary C D. Secondary D
– Restore circulation with: – Perform a differential diagnosis
(2) Defibrillation
(3) Cardioversion
(4) Transcutaneous pacing
(5) Recognition of the rhythm
(6) Initiation of IV access
(7) IV medications
ACLS Skill 1:
Take care of the airway
1. Provide supplemental oxygen – COPD, who may be dependent on hypoxia
– without respiratory distress drven ventilation
• 2 lpm thru nasal cannula • Low dose supplemental oxygen via a 24% Venturi
mask
– mild respiratory distress
– Most serious cases
• 5 to 6 lpm thru nasal cannula
• Move quickly to advanced airway devices,
– severe respiratory distress, acute congestive intubation and 100% oxygen
heart failure, cardiac arrest
• Use a system that provides a high inspired
oxygen concentration (preferably 100%)
10
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT - CPR
– Face mask
– Up to 60% oxygen
– 6 to 10 L/min
11
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT - CPR
• Technique • Hazards
• Proper sized airway is lubricated properly • May enter the esophagus
• Inserted close to the midline along the floor of • May precipitate laryngospasm and vomiting
the nostril • May injure nasal mucosa and cause bleeding
• Continue inserting into the posterior pharynx, • Maintain proper head position
behind the tongue
• Slight rotation may facilitate insertion if with
resistance
12
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT - CPR
• Self-
Self-inflating Ventilation Bags: Attached to • Bag-
Bag-Valve Masks: Adequate Seal and
Valves, Masks and Other Airway Adjuncts Volume
- Mainstay of emergency ventilation – Insert OP airway
- Universal connectors – Recommended tidal volume: 10 to 15 mL/kg
mL/kg
- One way valves to protect rescuer – 80 kg man: needs 800 to 1200 mL per
- Oxygen ports squeeze of bag
- Medication ports – Most bags: 1600 mL
– 1 handed squeeze: 50% of bag (800 mL)
mL)
- Suction ports
- Ports for quantitative sampling of end tidal
CO2
13
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT - CPR
– Indications:
6. Provide definitive airway control
• Cardiac arrest with ongoing chest
compressions • Overview
• Inability of a conscious patient in - Prepare for intubation with necessary
respiratory compromise to breathe equipment
adequately - Ask second rescuer to apply cricoid pressure
• Inability of the patient to protect the airway - Prepare tracheal intubation
(coma, areflexia,
areflexia, cardiac arrest) - Inflate cuff
• Inability of the rescuer to ventilate the - Attach ventilation bag
unresponsive patient with conventional
- Confirm placement
methods
14
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT - CPR
– If there is any doubt, use laryngscope to How to Ventilate With a Properly Placed
directly visualize (tube passing thru vocal cords) Tracheal Tube
– Secure the tube – tidal volume of 10-
10-15 mL/kg
mL/kg
– Insert OP airway – 1 breath every 5 seconds
– Look for moisture condensation inside the tube – 2 seconds for each bag ventilation
– Ventilate with 100% oxygen
Secondary – when O2 saturation measurements are
- Use of variety of electronic and mechanical available respond accordingly when there is a
devices fall in the O2 saturation
15
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT - CPR
16
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT - CPR
17
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT - CPR
ACLS Skill 5:
Transcutaneous Pacing
– Delivers pacing impulses to the heart through
the skin via adhesive electrodes
– Use of transcutaneous pacing for asystole and
pulseless electrical activity has been
disappointing
ACLS Skill 6:
Gain IV Access to the • Peripheral venipuncture
Circulation – Arm vein (antecubital
(antecubital or hand)
• Administer drugs and fluids – External jugular vein
• Obtain venous blood for laboratory
determinations • Central venipuncture
• Insert catheters into the central circulation – Internal jugular vein
– Subclavian vein
– Common femoral vein
18
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT - CPR
ACLS Skill 7:
• General Principles Provide Appropriate
– Speed is essential Resuscitation Medications
– Strict aseptic technique may be impossible
– After patient is stabilized cannula should be • Medications are used to meet the following
major objectives
removed and replaced – Correct hypoxemia
– During cardiac arrest follow all administered – Restore spontaneous circulation at an adequate blood
pressure
drugs by bolus administration of at least 20ml
– Promote optimal cardiac function
of IV saline – Prevent or suppress significant arrythmias
– Relieve pain
– Correct electrolyte abnormalities, adjust acidosis,
counteract effects of excessive amounts of prescribed
medications or illegitimate agents
– Treat congestive heart failure
Summary
1. Airway management
2. Rhythm recognition
3. Defibrillation
4. Cardioversion
5. Transcutaneous pacing
6. Direct circulation access though intravenous
catheters
7. Administration of appropriate resuscitation
medications
19