Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Training
aims of first aid
Preserve Life
Prevent Worsening
Promote Recovery
the airway
emergency action plan
DANGER?
Make sure it is safe for
you to give help. YES
Remove
NO
Danger
History Response?
Find out what has happened.
YES Shout and gently shake or
Make the scene safe.
tap the casualty. Do not take risks.
NO
Treatment Airway
Remember – If you’re not sure, always seek Open the airway by
professional medical advice. tilting the head back
and lifting the chin.
Resuscitation
Give 30 chest compressions, then 2 rescue breaths.
Continue giving cycles of 30 compressions to 2 rescue breaths.
30 to 2 Only stop to recheck the patient if they start breathing normally
– otherwise do not interrupt resuscitation.
If there is more than one rescuer, change over every 2 minutes
to prevent fatigue.
priorities of treatment
Primary Survey
A B
Airway Breathing
B Secondary Survey
Bleeding (or burns)
B
Bones
resuscitation
D anger
R esponse
A irway
B reathing
Causes of unconsciousness
F ainting
I mbalance of heat
Shock
H ead Injury
Stroke
Heart Attack
A sphyxia
Poisoning
E pilepsy
Diabetes
levels of consciousness
A lert
Confused
U nresponsive
secondary survey
Bleeding or Burns
Recovery Position
head injuries
Concussion Compression
Alveoli
collapsed lung
hypoxia – the causes
External Suffocation,Drowning,
High Altitude
Nausea / Vomiting
Weak Pulse
Dizziness / Confusion
Lowered Levels of Response
the circulatory system
the heart – blood flow
From To the
the Body
Body
To the
Lungs
From
the
Lungs
Left
Right Atrium
Atrium
Right Left
Ventricle Ventricle
the heart
a typical heart attack
electrical impulses of the heart
Shock –normal circulation
Hypovolaemic Shock
cardiogenic shock
fainting
Handbrake!!
anaphylactic shock
anaphylaxis
C ontusion
A brasion
L aceration
I ncision
P uncture
G un Shot
A mputation
D egloved
fractured wrist
eye / face laceration
finger laceration
Fingertip amputation
puncture wound
blood loss
Dilate
Blood
Vessels
Constrict
140
Heart 120
Rate
100
80
Blood
Pressure
Blood Loss
treatment of bleeding
S it or Lay
E xamine
E levate
P ressure
severity of burns
S ize
C ause
A ge
L ocation
Depth
burns – estimating the area
laceration
dislocated kneecap
burns
burns treatment
1 COOL!
2 REMOVE
3 DRESS
the skeleton
the spine
7 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Fused
Sacral
types of fracture
Closed
Open
Complicated
Green Stick
types of wound
P ain
L oss of power
U natural movement
S welling or bruising
Deformity
I rregularity
C repitus
T enderness
open fracture
open fracture
R est
Ice
C ompression
E levation
body temperature
0F 0C
109.4 43
Unconsciousness / fitting.
Heat 107.6 42 Confused / restless.
105.8 41 Headache, dizzy, uncomfortable.
Stroke Strong bounding pulse.
104 40 Flushed dry skin, hot to touch.
Heat 102.2 39 Cramps in stomach / arms / legs.
Pale sweaty skin.
Exhaustion 100.4 38 Nausea / loss of appetite.
98.6 37 Normal Body Temperature
Normal
96.8 36
95 35 Shivering
Mild 93.2 34 Fatigue, Slurred speech
Confusion, forgetfulness
Hypothermia 91.4 33
Shivering stops, muscle rigidity
89.6 32 Very slow, very weak pulse
87.8 31 Noticeable drowsiness
86 30 Severe reduction in response levels
Unconsciousness
84.2 29 Dilated pupils
Severe 82.4 28 Pulse undetectable
Hypothermia 80.6 27 Appearance of death
78.8 26
77 25
Death
75.2 24
body temperature
0F 0C
109.4 43
Unconsciousness / fitting.
Heat 107.6 42 Confused / restless.
105.8 41 Headache, dizzy, uncomfortable.
Stroke Strong bounding pulse.
104 40 Flushed dry skin, hot to touch.
Heat 102.2 39 Cramps in stomach / arms / legs.
Pale sweaty skin.
Exhaustion 100.4 38 Nausea / loss of appetite.
98.6 37 Normal Body Temperature
Normal
96.8 36
95 35 Shivering
Mild 93.2 34 Fatigue, Slurred speech
Confusion, forgetfulness
Hypothermia 91.4 33
Shivering stops, muscle rigidity
89.6 32 Very slow, very weak pulse
87.8 31 Noticeable drowsiness
86 30 Severe reduction in response levels
Unconsciousness
84.2 29 Dilated pupils
Severe 82.4 28 Pulse undetectable
Hypothermia 80.6 27 Appearance of death
78.8 26
77 25
Death
75.2 24
body temperature
0F 0C
109.4 43
Unconsciousness / fitting.
Heat 107.6 42 Confused / restless.
105.8 41 Headache, dizzy, uncomfortable.
Stroke Strong bounding pulse.
104 40 Flushed dry skin, hot to touch.
Heat 102.2 39 Cramps in stomach / arms / legs.
Pale sweaty skin.
Exhaustion 100.4 38 Nausea / loss of appetite.
98.6 37 Normal Body Temperature
Normal
96.8 36
95 35 Shivering
Mild 93.2 34 Fatigue, Slurred speech
Confusion, forgetfulness
Hypothermia 91.4 33
Shivering stops, muscle rigidity
89.6 32 Very slow, very weak pulse
87.8 31 Noticeable drowsiness
86 30 Severe reduction in response levels
Unconsciousness
84.2 29 Dilated pupils
Severe 82.4 28 Pulse undetectable
Hypothermia 80.6 27 Appearance of death
78.8 26
77 25
Death
75.2 24
body temperature
0F 0C
109.4 43
Unconsciousness / fitting.
Heat 107.6 42 Confused / restless.
105.8 41 Headache, dizzy, uncomfortable.
Stroke Strong bounding pulse.
104 40 Flushed dry skin, hot to touch.
Heat 102.2 39 Cramps in stomach / arms / legs.
Pale sweaty skin.
Exhaustion 100.4 38 Nausea / loss of appetite.
98.6 37 Normal Body Temperature
Normal
96.8 36
95 35 Shivering
Mild 93.2 34 Fatigue, Slurred speech
Confusion, forgetfulness
Hypothermia 91.4 33
Shivering stops, muscle rigidity
89.6 32 Very slow, very weak pulse
87.8 31 Noticeable drowsiness
86 30 Severe reduction in response levels
Unconsciousness
84.2 29 Dilated pupils
Severe 82.4 28 Pulse undetectable
Hypothermia 80.6 27 Appearance of death
78.8 26
77 25
Death
75.2 24
body temperature
0F 0C
109.4 43
Unconsciousness / fitting.
Heat 107.6 42 Confused / restless.
105.8 41 Headache, dizzy, uncomfortable.
Stroke Strong bounding pulse.
104 40 Flushed dry skin, hot to touch.
Heat 102.2 39 Cramps in stomach / arms / legs.
Pale sweaty skin.
Exhaustion 100.4 38 Nausea / loss of appetite.
98.6 37 Normal Body Temperature
Normal
96.8 36
95 35 Shivering
Mild 93.2 34 Fatigue, Slurred speech
Confusion, forgetfulness
Hypothermia 91.4 33
Shivering stops, muscle rigidity
89.6 32 Very slow, very weak pulse
87.8 31 Noticeable drowsiness
86 30 Severe reduction in response levels
Unconsciousness
84.2 29 Dilated pupils
Severe 82.4 28 Pulse undetectable
Hypothermia 80.6 27 Appearance of death
78.8 26
77 25
Death
75.2 24
the digestive system
diabetes
Levels of
Deteriorate slowly Deteriorate rapidly
response
Deep sighing
Breathing Shallow and rapid
breaths
Excessive urination
Other
Very thirsty May be confused
symptoms
Hunger for drunkenness
Fruity smell on breath
moving and handling
Assumptions:
The load is grasped in both hands.
The handler is in a stable body position
The lift takes place in reasonable working conditions
moving and handling
Bend with
your knees
not your
back
Keep the
load as close Feet apart to
to your body give you
as possible balance