First Aid and Basic Bandaging

• Is an immediate care rendered to help an

acutely ill and / or injured person before the
arrival of the Doctor or arrival to the medical
facility.

• Serves as a bridge between the victim and

the doctor / or medical facility for survival
• Keep the victim alive
• Prevent the victim’s condition from getting
worse
• Help promote recovery from the injury or
illness
• Ensure the victim receives medical care

CHAIN OF SURVIVAL
1. Early Access to the emergency response
system.
2. Early CPR to support circulation to the heart
and brain until normal heart activity is
restored;
3. Early Defibrillation to treat cardiac arrest
caused by Ventricular Fibrillation; and
4. Early Advanced Care by EMS and hospital
personnel.
1. Bottle Rubbing 8. 5 Medical Latex
Alcohol Gloves
2. 1 Bottle Beta dine 9. 1 Pair Scissors
(Providone, Iodine) 10.3 Bandage (Roll)
3. Cottons Balls 11.5 Elastic Roller
4. 20 Gauze Pads Bandage
5. 3 Tongue Depressor 12.2 Plastic Micropore
6. 1 Pen Light Tapes
7. 10 Band Aid 13.4 Triangular
Bandage
 Knowledge
Self : abilities, limitations (experiences), vaccination
First aid, PPE, leadership, cooperation, responsibility,
stress coping, decision making

First Trained –
Aiders Act quickly , gently
Affection Skills Responsive

Emotion, sensitivity, sympathy

Empathy, considerate, supportive
Trust and respect others
• Six ( 6 ) Basic Steps In Any Emergency:

1. Recognize the emergency and Check the

scene.
2. Decide to help.
3. Check the Victim.
4. Call Emergency Hotlines or Calling E.M.S.
• Ex. Emergency 911
5. Give First Aid.
6. Seek Medical Attention.
• You must know there is an emergency when
you see one.

• You see an injured or ill victim, or someone.

• You may not see a victim first but see signs

that an emergency has occurred and that
someone may be hurt.
• Always check the scene when you recognize an
emergency has occurred – before rushing in to
help a victim.
• You must be safe yourself if you are to help
another.
• Look for any Hazards such as the following:
• Smoke, flames
• Spilled chemicals, fumes
• Downed electrical wires
• Risk of explosion, building collapse
• Roadside dangers, high-speed traffic
• Potential personal violence
• Look to see if there are other victims. More help
may be needed for multiple victims.

• Look for any clues that may help you determine

what happened and what first aid may be
needed.

• Look for bystanders who may be able to help

give first aid or go to a telephone to call E.M.S.
or any Emergency Hotlines (Emergency 911)
If the scene is dangerous,

STAY AWAY and CALL FOR HELP.

Do not become a victim yourself!

• Check Victim for:

• Bleeding (Lacerations, Bruises, Contusion,

Punctures)

• Fractures, Deformities

• Responsiveness - Conscious or Unconscious

• Check head to toe for D-O-T-S

• Deformity
• Open wounds
• Tenderness
• Swelling
• DON’T LET ANYONE MOVE THE VICTIM FROM
THE POSITION YOU’VE SEEN HIM/HER, LET
THE VICTIM STAY IN POSITION or STABILIZE
THE VICTIM. SPECIALLY FOR VEHICULAR
ACCIDENTS, AND FALL.
• Be ready to give the following information:

• Your name and the phone number you are using.

• The location and number of victims --- specific
enough for the arriving crew to find them.
• What happened to the victims and any special
circumstances or conditions that may require
special rescue or medical equipment.
• The victim’s condition: for example, Is the victim
responsive? Breathing? Bleeding?
• The victim’s approximate age and sex.
• What is being done for the victim(s)
• If Fracture is present, STABILIZE fractured
part using improvised splints and Triangular
bandage.

• If Bleeding is present, control it first by

putting pressure on the wound and elevating
the part or put pressure on pressure point
near the wounded area.
Bandaging and Splinting
• A bandage is a piece of material used either to
support a medical device such as a dressing or
splint, or on its own to provide support to the
body;
• Bandages are available in a wide range of types,
from generic cloth strips, to specialized shaped
bandages designed for a specific limb or part of
the body, although bandages can often be
improvised as the situation demands, using
clothing, blankets or other material.
• Triangular Bandage

• Parts:
1. Point / Tip / Apex
2. Side/s
3. Base
4. End Tips
• Use proper Body
Substance Isolation (BSI)
/ gloves.
• Treatment Priority ABC -
Control Bleeding.
• Apply dry, sterile dressing
over entire wound.
• Maintain pressure and
secure dressing with a
roller bandage.
• 1. Temporal
• 2. Facial
• 3. Carotid
• 4. Subsclavian
• 5. Brachial
• 6. Radial
• 7. Ulnar
• 8. Femoral
• 9. Popletial
• 10.Dorsalis Pedis
• Bandaging of Impaled Objects
• DO NOT REMOVE OR PULL THE IMPALED
OBJECT!!!
• Bandaging of Impaled Objects
• DO NOT REMOVE OR PULL THE IMPALED
OBJECT!!!
• THINGS TO REMEMBER: BLEEDING

• DIRECT PRESSURE

• ELEVATE

• PRESSURE POINT
A. Before work
• i.e. inspect the wound
a) Wash and dry hands properly or use alcohol
gel
b) Inspect own hands for a cut or graze
c) Cover open wound with water-proof
dressings.
d. Wear personal protective equipment (PPE)
• e.g. gloves
• latex-free or nitrile (blue or purple) to prevent from
acquiring blood-borne diseases e.g. AIDS, hepatitis B
or C, syphilis, malaria
• mask
• face shield
• plastic glasses
• plastic apron etc.
B. During wok :
• Do not touch :
• the bleeding wound with bare hands
• clean or sterile dressing that covers the wound
• Do not breathe, cough, sneeze over a wound
• Ask the casualty to help oneself
e.g. apply direct pressure on the dressing
• Use a clean plastic bag to cover hands if no
gloves available
• Change gloves after attending one casualty
C. After work :
• Remove gloves – turn it inside out

• Dispose used gloves, soiled dressings,

waste safely –> plastic or biohazard bag;
use yellow sharps container for sharps

• Use soap and water to wash hands or use

alcohol gel to rub hands with attention to
palms, dorsum, fingers, thumbs, nails and
wrists
Bandaging and Splinting
• A break in bone or cartilage.
Although usually a result of
trauma.

• Open Fracture – Blood is

present, a bone raptures the
flesh.

• Close Fracture – Skin is intact,

deformity is present on the
fractured area.
• Splint – a hard, rigid, flat material that can be
use to place under or over the fractured
area.
• E.g. Flat wood, Bamboo, Cardboard, Plastic.
• Splinting Fractured Forearm and Wrist
• Splinting Fractured Leg
• Sprained Ankle
• A heart attack occurs when heart muscle tissue
dies.
• Cardiac arrest results when heart stops beating.
• Cardiac arrest in adults is usually sudden, and the
primary cause is cardiac related. Therefore
circulation produced by chest compressions is
crucial
• Cardiac arrest in children is mostly asphyxial
which requires both compressions and
ventilations.
• Rescue breathing may be more important for
children than adults in cardiac arrest.
• Check for responsiveness and/or NO normal
breathing
• Tap the victim’s shoulder and ask if he or she
is all right.
• Listen for normal breath sounds.
• Check circulation. If the victim is not
responsive or with no normal breath sounds
have a bystander call 911.
• Two hands for adults
• One or two hands for children
• Two fingers for an infant
• Compression depth
• Adult: 2 inches
• Child : 1/3 depth of the chest/ 2 inches
• Infant: 1/3 depth of the chest/ 1.5 inches
• Allow chest recoil
• Adult and child: center of chest between
nipples
• Infants: just below nipple line
• 5 cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths
• Check Airway and Breathing after 2mins.
• Give two normal breaths

• Methods

• Mouth-to-barrier

• Mouth-to-nose

• Mouth-to-stoma
• Give (Compression only) CPR at a rate of at
least 100/min., if untrained and not
proficient in providing CPR.
• “Push Hard and Push Fast”
• Not recommended for Asphyxial arrest

Asphyxial – insufficient oxygen intake

• Victim Show signs of life

• EMS takes over or arrived at the scene

• You are too tired to continue

• Obvious signs of death

• Decapitation, Rigor Mortis, Lividity
• When Victim Shows Signs of Life

• Indications – a casualty :
• loss of consciousness plus (+)

• without fracture of limbs, the neck and spine

• with spontaneous breathing and heart beat

(pulse)
• When Victim Shows Signs of Life

• Contraindications / Do not move the

casualty if:
• Fracture of limbs, the neck and/or spine
• No assistants nearby if fracture case
• No vital signs
• Advantages

• Prevent falling back of the tongue

• Allow free drainage of vomitus, blood or

oral secretions

• Prevent aspiration of vomitus /

secretions
• Only move victim if there is immediate
danger.
• Fire
• Hazardous materials
• Impossible to protect from hazards
• Impossible to access other victims who need
lifesaving care
• Protect victim’s spine.
• Drag in direction of the long axis of the body
• Clothes Drag

• Blanket Drag
Arm Drag Arm-to-Arm Drag
 Front cradle Fire fighter’s
Front cradle drag
Walking Assist Fire fighter’s carry
• Pack strap
• Two-person or three-person moves
• Two-person assist
• Two-handed seat carry
• Four-handed seat carry
• Extremity carry
• Chair carry
• Hammock carry
• Direct
ground lift
• Extremity
lift
• Classify into care and transportation
priorities
• Triage categories / Color Coding
• Immediate care - RED
• Delayed care - YELLOW
• Walking wounded - GREEN
• Dead - BLACK
• Two-person or three-person moves
• Two-person assist
• Two-handed seat carry
• Four-handed seat carry
• Extremity carry
• Chair carry
• Hammock carry