Basic First Aid Procedures

STUDENTS:
PEDRO CONTRERAS 27986439
ROMELY SEGOVIA 28295516

Steps to follow to treat emergencies involving first aid:

1. Basic First Aid for Cardiac Arrest:
-.Call the local emergency number (911 in the United States) if you think you or
someone else is having a heart attack.
The average person waits 3 hours before seeking help for the symptoms of a heart
attack. Many patients with heart attacks die before reaching a hospital.
-.The faster the person arrives at the emergency room, the greater their chances of
survival.
-.Timely medical treatment reduces the extent of heart damage.
These steps are addressed if you think a person may be suffering from a heart attack.

2. Basic first aid for bleeding:

-.If your child's wound does not stop the bleeding on its own, act quickly to avoid
blood loss and avoid shock
-.Signs of shock include pale skin, decreased body temperature, sweating, rapid
breathing and discoloration
-.Call 911 immediately if your child shows signs of shock
-.Elevate the wound so that it is above the level of the heart. This will reduce the
amount of blood that will flow to the injured área
-.Make sure your hands are clean or wear disposable gloves when treating your
child's wound
-.If an object has been embedded in your child's body, do not remove it. Cover the
area with a roll of clean bandage and seek medical attention immediately.

3. Basic First Aid for Burns:

-.The immediate help of the burn is simply to eliminate the cause of the burn: to
extinguish the flames, to eliminate the chemical from contact with the skin ..., all this
to reduce the thermal aggression. To extinguish the flames, the person must be
rolled.
-.Look for other possible injuries, such as hemorrhages, fractures ... The most serious
injury will always be treated first.

-.In first-degree burns, moisturizers and especially aloe vera are very beneficial.
-.Cool the burned area: for this, we can apply water in abundance (20-30 minutes)
on the burned surface, avoiding that it is very cold, because we can cause
hypothermia. Previously, we must remove burned clothes, jewelry and everything
that keeps the heat.

-.Wrap the injury with gauze or clean cloths, moistened in water. The bandage must
be loose.

4. Basic First Aid for Blisters:

To relieve the pain of a blister, it drains the fluid without touching the
skin that covers it. This is the way:
-.Wash your hands and the ampoule with soap and warm water.
-.Clean the ampoule with a iodine swab.
-.Sterilize a clean, sharp needle with alcohol.
-.Use the sterile needle to puncture the blister. Puncture the blister at several points
near the edge. Let the liquid drain, but do not touch the skin that covers the blister.
-.Apply an ointment, such as petroleum jelly, to the ampoule and protect it with a
non-stick gauze bandage. If a rash appears, stop using the ointment.
-.Follow-up care Check the area every day to see if you have an infection. After
several days, cut the dead skin with scissors and tweezers sterilized with alcohol.
Apply more ointment and a new bandage.

5. Basic First Aid for Fractures:

-.Stop any bleeding Apply pressure to the wound with a sterile bandage, a clean cloth
or a piece of clean clothing.
-.Immobilizes the injured area. Do not try to realign the bone or push in the bone
that has come out. If you received training on how to splint a bone and no
professional help is available immediately, place a splint on the top and bottom of
the fracture. The use of a padded material in the splints can help reduce discomfort.
-.Apply ice packs to limit swelling and help relieve pain. Do not apply ice directly on
the skin. Wrap it in a towel, a piece of cloth or other material.
-.Help the person if he is in shock. If the person feels dizzy or has short and rapid
breathing, put the head back in a position slightly lower than the trunk and, if
possible, lift the legs.
6. Basic First Aid for Sprains:
-.Rest the injured limb. The doctor may advise you not to carry weight on the injured
area for 48 to 72 hours, so you may have to use crutches. A splint or orthopedic
support can also be useful at the beginning. But do not avoid all the activity.
-.Place ice in the area. Use a cold compress, submerge the affected area in ice water
or use a compression sleeve filled with cold water to help limit swelling after an
injury. Try to place ice in the area as soon as possible after the injury and continue
to place ice for 15 to 20 minutes, four to eight times a day, for the first 48 hours or
until the swelling improves. If you use ice, be careful not to use it too long, as this
could cause tissue damage.
-.Compress the area with an elastic band or bandage. Cloths or compression sleeves
made of elastic or neoprene are the best.
-.Elevate the injured limb above the heart whenever possible to help prevent or limit
swelling.

7. Basic First Aid for Nosebleeds:

-.Sit up straight and lean forward. By staying straight, you reduce blood pressure in
the veins of the nose. This prevents greater bleeding. Sitting forward will help you
not to swallow blood, which can irritate the stomach.
-.Press your nose. Use the thumb and forefinger to press the nostrils. Breathe
through the mouth. Continue pressing between 10 and 15 minutes. Squeezing the
nose creates pressure at the bleeding point of the nasal septum, which usually stops
the flow of blood.

If the bleeding continues after 10 to 15 minutes, repeat the procedure maintaining

the pressure for another 10 to 15 minutes. Avoid sticking your nose. If the bleeding
continues, seek urgent care.
-.To avoid bleeding again, do not dig your nose or bend over for several hours after
the bleeding episode. During that time, remember to keep your head higher than
your heart level. You can also apply Vaseline gently on the inside of the nose, with a
cotton swab or with your fingers.
-.If you bleed again, blow your nose hard to expel blood clots from your nose. Next,
spray both sides of the nose with a decongestant nasal spray that has oxymetazoline
(Afrin). Press the nose again as described above and call the doctor.

8. Basic First Aid for Frostbite:

-.Check if you have hypothermia. Seek emergency medical help if you suspect that
you may have hypothermia. The signs and symptoms of hypothermia chills,
drowsiness and muscle weakness, dizziness and nausea.
 -.Protects the skin to prevent further damage. If there is any chance that the affected
areas will freeze back, do not discard them. If they are already defrosted, wrap them
so they do not refreeze.
-.Take shelter from the cold. Once you're inside, take off your wet clothes and wrap
yourself in a warm blanket. Be careful not to burst the blisters.
-.Reheat the frozen areas gently. Immerse frozen areas in warm water, 99 ° F to 104
° F (37 ° C to 40 ° C). If you do not have a thermometer, test the water by sticking a
hand or elbow that has no injuries; It should feel warm, not hot. The skin takes
approximately 30 minutes to warm up again. Stop submerging the frozen areas once
the skin regains its normal color or is no longer numb.

9. Basic First Aid for Bee Stings:

-.Wash the area with soap and water.
-.If you have stayed inside, remove the stinger carefully with disinfected tweezers.
-.Do not squeeze so that the poison does not spread.
-.Put an antiseptic.
-.Apply cold in the area.
-.If there is discomfort, spread a cream for itching.
-.In case the itching is too intense, administer an antihistamine, better orally, since
some antihistamines in cream can cause photosensitization.
10. Basic First Aid for Jellyfish Stings:

-.With a thick towel or tweezers, all remaining tentacles should be removed without
touching them, protecting our hands well, as they can be pierced with gloves.
-.Clean the area affected by the bite. We should not use fresh water, but saline. Salt
water can also be a solution.
-.For about 15 minutes we should apply cold to the affected area, do not apply the ice
directly on the bite, but covered with a cloth or towel. If the pain is very intense or the
condition of the victim worsens, we should go to a medical center.
-.A cream or hydrocortisone foam can be applied to decrease the itching and analgesic
to mitigate pain. It is your fault, you can apply cold compresses on the lesion to reduce
itching.
-.Do not rub or sand, or anything that could hurt us more.