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Science
4
Quarter 2 - Module 2:
Causes and Treatment of Diseases
of the Major Organs

Department of Education Republic of the Philippines

Science – Grade 4
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 - Module 2: Causes and Treatment of Diseases of the Major Organs
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
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ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education – Division of Valencia City
Schools Division Superintendent: Rebonfamil R. Baguio

Development Team of the Module

Authors: Janette V. Bejona

Editor: Maria Victoria C. Alvarez

Reviewers: Jimbo Russell C. Agbayani, EPS – Science

Maritel L. Agbayani, PSDS
Desiree Rose L. Allaba
Fabrienne Isa M. Cabanao
Illustrator: John Rimmon I. Taquiso

Layout Artists: John Rimmon I. Taquiso

Management Team:
Chairperson: Rebonfamil R. Baguio
Schools Division Superintendent
Co-Chairperson: Eugene I. Macahis, Jr.
Asst. Schools Division Superintendent

Members:
Jayvy C. Vegafria, CID Chief ES
Jimbo Russell C. Agbayani, EPS – Science
Analisa C. Unabia, EPS – LRMS
Joan Sirica V. Camposo, Librarian II
Israel C. Adrgado, PDO II

Printed in the Philippines by:

Department of Education - Division of Valencia City
Office Address: Lapu-lapu Street, Poblacion, Valencia City 8709
Telefax: (088) 828-4615
Website: deped-valencia.org

1
 4
Science
Quarter 2 - Module 2:
Causes and Treatment of Diseases
of the Major Organs

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and

reviewed by educators from public schools. We encourage
teachers and other education stakeholders to email their
feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department
of Education at region10@deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education Republic of the Philippines

2
3
What This Module is About

You are the most precious thing God has created. Your body is
made up of many parts. Did you ever wonder how these parts work
together? Were you not amazed by the many things you can do using
the different parts of your body?

There are times that some parts of your body are not functioning
well. When this happens, you say you are sick. How does it feel to be
sick? Do you like it when you are always sick?

This module will help you learn about the major organs of your
body. How to take care of them and what are the different diseases or
illnesses you might have if you will abuse them.

Notes to the Teacher

Dear Teacher,
This is a self-paced module with various
activities to be done at home by the learners.
Clear and careful instructions must be given
to the learners to ensure safety and avoid
misconceptions in performing the activities.

4
i
 What I Need to Know

You have learned in your earlier Science classes that the

human body has cells, tissues, organs and systems. Each body
system has a specific function to perform. The various systems in the
bodywork together to allow humans to live, grow, and reproduce.

In this module, you will learn about the functions of the human
body. You will also know which diseases can affect them and how to
take good care of them.

Learning Objectives:

Identify the causes and treatments of diseases of the:

1. bones and muscles,
2. digestive system,
3. kidney; and
4. brain.

Time duration: 4 days

How to Learn from this Module

For you to achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the
following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.

• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and

exercises diligently.

• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

5 ii
Icons of this Module
What I Need This part contains learning objectives
to Know that are set for you to learn as you go
along the module.

What I Know This is an assessment as to your

level of knowledge to the subject
matter at hand, meant specifically to
gauge prior related knowledge.
What’s In This part connects previous lessons
with that of what you are going to
learn.

What’s New An introduction to the new lesson

through various activities, before it
will be presented to you.

What is It These are discussions of the

activities as a way to deepen your
discovery and understanding of the
concept.
What’s More These are follow-up activities that are
intended for you to practice further in
order to master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what

Learned you have learned from the lesson.

What I Can These are tasks designed to

Do showcase your skills and knowledge
gained and applied to real-life
concerns and situations.
Post This assessment evaluates your level
Assessment of mastery in achieving the learning
objectives.

More Activities designed to increase the

Activities strength of your skills and knowledge
gained and tends to induce
repetitions of actions/ learning.

6 iii
 Week 2 Day 1

What I Know

Test A

Directions: Which of the following practices show proper care for the
different organs of the body? Write a check (/) mark on
the space provided if it shows proper care of the organ
of the body. If it does not, write an X mark. Write your
answer in your answer sheet/Science Activity notebook.

______1. Taking enough rest.

______2. Eating a balanced diet.

______3. Eating junk food.

______4. Keeping your surroundings clean.

______5. Exercising.

______6. Eating snacks frequently.

______7. Eating sweets and salty foods.

______8. Drinking fruit juices.

______9. Watching TV until midnight.

______10. Drinking cola drinks.

7
Test B

Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the correct

answer. Write your answer in your answer
sheet/Science Activity notebook.

____1. What do you need most when you are tired?

A. water B. air C. exercise D. rest
____ 2. How will you treat muscle cramps?
A. Apply ice on the affected muscle.
B. Contract the affected muscles.
C. Stretch the muscles
D. Massage the muscles until it relaxes.
____ 3. To prevent constipation, one should eat food rich in___.
A. calcium B. protein C. carbohydrates D. fiber

____ 4. Which of the following protects the lungs and heart?

A. spinal column B. rib cage C. skull D. arms

____ 5. Why do we need to brush out teeth? Brushing our teeth

prevents ___________.
A. cavities B. indigestion C. stomach pain D. ulcer

Test C

Directions: Rearrange the following scrambled letters of different and

illnesses. Write your answer in your answer
sheet/Science Activity notebook.

1. _________________ (CELRU) Caused by not eating on time

or intake of too much acidic drink or food.
2. _________________ (SPRIAN) Injury to a ligament caused by
excessive stretching
3. _________________ (TSEKRO) Occurs when there is blood
clot or broken blood vessels going to the
brain.
4. _________________ (PNEAMOUNI) it is an inflammation of
the lungs.
5. _________________ (PHRITISNE) inflammation of some parts
of the kidneys

8
 z

Lesson Bones and Muscles

1 Injuries/Diseases: It’s
Causes and Treatment
Your bones and muscles work together to perform a specific
function. You can walk, jump, run, sit and do all things because of
your bones and muscles.
Think about how lucky you are of having been able to move
freely. Our bones and muscles are strong and hard but sometimes
they get injured due to a bad fall. There are also some bone disorders
that are acquired by birth.

This module will help you gain new knowledge of the different
bone and muscle injuries and diseases and their treatments.

What’s In

Quick Check!

Directions: Below are healthy habits which we need to observe.

Rate yourself by checking the appropriate column. Write
it in your answer sheet/Science Activity notebook.

Habits Always Seldom Never

1. Eat a balanced diet.
2. Exercise daily.
3. Avoid harmful substances like
alcohol, cigarettes, and drugs.
4. Get enough rest
5. Have a positive outlook on life.
6. Drink 8 to 10 glasses of water daily.
7. Keep your surroundings clean.

9
 What’s New

Let’s do this!

What to do:

 Look at the drawings below. Choose the common bone and

muscle injuries that they may have.
 Choose your answer from the words listed inside the box

sprain cramp bruises fractures dislocation

1. ____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________

4. ____________ 5. ____________

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 What is It

Learning Circuit

 Injury - it is any harm or damage; an act or event that causes

someone or something to no longer is fully healthy or
in good condition.
 Disease - an illness that affects a person, animal, or plant; a
condition that prevents the body or mind form working
normally.
Common Bone and Muscle Injuries
1. Fracture - a break in the bone.
2. Dislocation - it occurs when a bone in the joint is displaced or
has moved out of its proper location.
3. Sprain - an injury to a ligament caused by excessive stretching.
4. Cramp - a strong muscular contraction that can be very painful.
5. Bruise - the muscle becomes black or blue due to blood clot
when you get hit or you bumped into something.
Bone Diseases
1. Osteoporosis - a common disorder caused by the thinning and
weakening of bones usually experience by elderly
people. The bones become brittle and weak.
2. Arthritis - a common joint disorder characterized by
inflammation of the fingers and joints in the body.
3. Rickets - a bone condition caused by a deficiency of vitamin D
usually observed in children. Persons with rickets
have very weak bones causing bone deformation.
4. Polio - it is an acute infection caused by a virus that attacks the
nerve cells of the brain and spinal cord resulting in
paralysis.

Figure 1. Drawing of bone dislocation and muscle cramps

11
 First Aid Treatment for Bone Injuries

First aid- an activity done before professional medical help

arrives to alleviate pain and prevent further injury

Fracture:
1. Let the injured person sit or lie down
2. Apply a cold compress to the injured part
3. Wrap bandage around the affected area.

Dislocation:
1. Let the person sit or lie down to avoid further injury.
2. Do not try to pull or massage the affected area.
3. Apply a cold compress.
4. Seek medical attention immediately.

Sprain:
1. Let the person sit or lie down
2. Apply a cold compress to the sprain.
3. It the wrist or elbow is injured, place it in a sling.
4. Apply an elastic bandage that is not so tight on the sprained
joint.
5. Let the injured ankle/footrest for 2 to 3 days.

Figure 2. Drawings of First Aid Treatment for Bone Dislocation and muscle sprain

Guide Questions:
1. What are the common bone and muscle injuries?
2. What particular body parts can be injured when you play
basketball?
3. What activities at home are prone to injuries?
4. How will you protect your bones and muscles from injuries?

12
 Week 2 Day 2

5.

What’s More

Matching Game!

Directions: Match the description to the bone diseases and injuries.

Write your answers on your answer sheet/Science
Activity notebook.

Column A Column B

1. Dislocation A.The muscle becomes black or blue

due to blood clot when you get hit
or you bumped into something

2. Cramp B. A common disorder caused by the

thinning and weakening of bones
usually experience by elderly
people.

3. Bruise C. A common joint disorder

characterized by inflammation of
the fingers and joints in the body.

4. Osteoporosis D. A strong muscular contraction that

can be very painful

5. Arthritis E. It occurs when a bone in the joint

is displaced or has moved out of
its proper location

F. An injury to a ligament caused by

excessive stretching.

13
 What I Have Learned

Name Game!
Directions: Study the drawings below. Identify the disease or injury.
Select your answers from the choices given in the box
below. Select from the choices given in the box below.
Write your answers in your answer sheet/ Science
Activity notebook.

dislocation bruise sprain fracture cramps

1.______________

2.______________

3._______________

4._______________

5._______________

14
 What I Can Do

Making the Right Decisions!

Directions: Write your reactions to each of the following situations:

1. Why are people required to wear helmet every time they ride a
motorcycle?
_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

2. Why wearing of seat-belts required when driving and riding cars

and other vehicles?

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

15
 Answer Key

Pre-Test
Test A
1. / 3. X 5. / 7. X 9. X
2. / 4. / 6. X 8. / 10. X
Test B
1. D 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A
Test C
1. ULCER 3. STROKE 5. NEPHRITIS
2. SPRAIN 4. PNEUMONIA
What’s New (any answer will do)
1. Sprain, cramps, bruises, fracture, dislocation
2. Sprain, cramps, bruises, fracture, dislocation
3. Sprain, cramps, bruises, fracture, dislocation
4. Sprain, cramps, bruises, fracture, dislocation
5. Sprain, cramps, bruises, fracture, dislocation
What’s In
Answer may vary
What’s New
Answer vary
What Is It
1. bones -sprain, bruises, fracture, dislocation; muscles - cramps
2. knee, ankle, elbow, foot
3. Answer varies
4. Answer varies
What’s More
1. E 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C
What I Have Learned
1. bruise 3. sprain 5. dislocation
2. fracture 4. cramps
What Can I Do
1. To avoid having brain injury during accident.
2. Reduces the risk of being thrown away during accident.

16
z

Lesson
Common Ailments
2 Related to Digestion
Your digestive system functions to breakdown the food you eat
so it can be absorbed by your body. There are instances when the
digestive system does not function well. When this happens, the
absorption of the nutrients in the food is affected.

Many people suffer from different ailments related to the

digestive system. In this module, you will learn the different illnesses
of the digestive system and how to keep it healthy.

What’s In

Quick Check!

Directions: Study the picture below and answer the given questions.
Write your answers in your answer sheet/Science
Activity notebook.

Guide Questions:
1. What can you do to a person with

disability?

2. How you show concern to him/her

Figure 1. Person with disability if he wants to cross the street?

17
 What’s New

Think as a genius!

Activity 1

Directions: Look at the drawing of a child below. Answer what

are asked in the questions that follow. Write your
answers in your answer sheet/Science Activity
notebook.

Figure 2. Malnourished Child

Questions:

1. What body system is not working well with the boy?

2. Why does the boy look like this?
3. What could cause this situation to the boy?

Do me a favor!

Activity 2

What you need:

Notebook, paper, pencil
What to do:

1.Ask your family members who have suffered from the given
ailments or digestive problems in the list.
2.Fill out the chart below.

18
 3.Write your answer in your answer sheet/Science Activity
Notebook

Ailments Names of Family Members

1. Hyperacidity
2. Constipation
3. Appendicitis
4. Stomachache
5. Diarrhea
Total number of
family members

Guide Questions:
1. What is the most common digestive problem in your family?
2. What practices in the family may have led to this ailment of the
digestive system?
3. What is the most common treatment is given to this ailment of
the digestive system?

What is It

Learning Circuit

Common Ailments Related to Digestion

 Ulcer / Hyperacidity - gastric pain or heartburn
Causes:
1. not eating on time
2. too much intake of acidic drinks and food.
Treatment:
1. eat regularly and on time
2. avoid eating acidic food/liquor
3. eat a balanced diet

 Diarrhea– frequent moving of the bowel with watery stool.

19
 Causes:
1. infection in the intestines by microorganism
2. Irregular contraction of the intestines
Treatment:
1. drink plenty of water and juices to prevent from loss of
water in the body
2. eat soft food during the onset of ailment
3. proper hygiene prevents the disease
4. proper handling of food
 Constipation– difficult elimination of dry and hard stool or
feces and heaviness of stomach.
Causes:
1. lack of water and fiber in food taken
2. improper bowel movements
3. poor hygiene
Treatment:
1. drink plenty of water and juice
2. eat plenty of fruits and vegetables

 Appendicitis– inflammation of the appendix

Cause:
1. irritation from undigested food that may block it
Treatment:
1. get immediate medical attention

 Indigestion– caused by too much or rapid eating or drinking.

Causes:
1. overeating and drinking
2. stress and anxiety
3. contaminated food/water with bacteria
Treatment:
1. change of eating habit or diet
2. observe proper eating habits

 Gastroenteritis– caused by bacterial infection from taking

contaminated food and water.
Cause:
- taking contaminated food and water
Treatment:
- get medical attention and take prescribed medicine

Guide Questions:

20
 1. What ailment of the digestive system do you always
experience?
2. Give the reason/s why you are having this problem.
3. How are you going to avoid that this problem will repeat?

What’s More

Make me Correct!

Directions: Write TRUE on the blank space if the statement is true. If

it is FALSE, change the underlined word or phrase to
make the statement true. Write your answer in your
answer sheet/Science Activity notebook.

_______1. Eating all kinds of food in enough amount means eating a

balanced diet.
_______2. The bread and cereal group provides your body
carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins.
_______3. When you do household chores, you are actually
exercising.
_______4. Taking a bath once a week is a healthy habit.
_______5. Sleeping and resting are not needed by the body.

21
 What I Have Learned

Brain Buster!

Directions: In the table below are ailments associated with the

digestive system, identify the causes and give the
treatments. Write your answer in your answer
sheet/Science Activity notebook.

Digestive Disorder Cause Treatment

1. Diarrhea
2. Constipation
3. Appendicitis
4. Indigestion
5. Gastroenteritis

What I Can Do

Be a genius!

Directions: Answer the following questions briefly.

1. You always experience constipation. What are you going to

change with your diet?
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

2. Nina gets stomachache every time she drinks calamansi juices.

What could be wrong to her?
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

22
 Answer Key

What’s In
1. Help in times of need 2. Yes
What’s New
Activity 1
1. digestive system
2. The boy is not eating well/The boy lacks nutrients food/worms in intestines
3. lack of food/presence of worms in intestines
Activity 2
1. Answer may vary 2. Answer may vary 3. Answer may vary
What’s More
1. TRUE 3. TRUE 5. needed
2. TRUE 4. not healthy habit
What I Have Learned
Diarrhea - Causes 1. infection in the intestines by microorganism
2. Irregular contraction of the intestines
Treatment 1. drink plenty of water and juices to prevent from loss of
water in the body
2. eat soft food during the onset of ailment
3. proper hygiene prevents the disease
4. proper handling of food
Constipation – Causes 1. lack of water and fiber in food taken
2. improper bowel movements
3. poor hygiene
Treatments: 1. drink plenty of water and juice
2. eat plenty of fruits and vegetables
Appendicitis - Cause: irritation from undigested food that may block it
Treatment: get immediate medical attention
Indigestion - Causes: 1. overeating and drinking
2. stress and anxiety
3. contaminated food/water with bacteria
Treatment: 1. change of eating habit or diet
2. observe proper eating habits
Gastroenteritis – Causes 1. taking contaminated food and water
Treatment: 1. get medical attention and take prescribed
medicine

23
z

Lesson
Kidney Diseases/Disorders
3 and it’s Treatment

What will you do when a lot of waste materials pile up inside

your house? You will probably bring them outside the house for the
garbage collector to get them.

Your body does the same thing. Waste materials in the cells are
taken out by the blood and brought to the kidneys. The kidneys
remove the wastes from the blood where it will be sent out of your
body in the form of urine.

What will happen to your body if your kidney will not function
properly?

In this lesson, you will learn about the different diseases/

disorders of kidney.

Week 2 Day 3

What’s In

Quick Check!

Directions: Select the best answer and write it in your answer

sheet/Science Activity notebook.

1. It is caused by not eating on time and too much intake of acidic

drinks and foods.
A. ulcer/hyperacidity C. constipation
B. diarrhea D. appendicitis

24
2. It is a frequent moving of bowel with watery stool.
A. ulcer/hyperacidity C. constipation
B. diarrhea D. appendicitis

3. Difficult elimination of dry and hard stool or feces.

A. ulcer/hyperacidity C. constipation
B. diarrhea D. appendicitis

4. Which of the following causes indigestion?

A. Taking contaminated water and food.
B. Using contaminated water in the kitchen,
C. Eating and drinking too much.
D. Improper bowel movement

5. This ailment of the digestive system is caused by a lack of water

and fiber in food eaten.
A. ulcer/hyperacidity C. constipation
B. diarrhea D. appendicitis

What’s New

Do this and enjoy!

What to do:

1. Make a list of five foods to be included in your diet to avoid

acquiring kidney diseases.
2. List as many foods that you know. Write your answers in
your answer sheet/Science Activity notebook.

Foods to be Avoided in Your Diet

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

25
 What is It

Learning Circuit!

Diseases and Disorders of kidneys

Nephritis - an inflammation of some parts of the kidneys

reducing its ability to filter blood.
Kidney stones- also known as “renal calculi” is composed of
calcium and waste products containing nitrogen.
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)- an inflammation of any part of
the urinary tract due to bacterial infection.
Hematuria- the presence of blood in the urine caused by
infection.

How to Care for the Kidney:

1. Drink 8-10 glasses of water or more everyday.
2. Keep your genital area clean.
3. Eat a balanced diet.
4. Urinate frequently
5. Avoid too much sweets and salty food.
6. Exercise regularly.
7. Do not eat too much fatty food.

Guide Questions:

1. What are the diseases/ disorders of the kidney?

_________________________________________
_________________________________________
2. How can we prevent these disorders to happen?
_________________________________________
_________________________________________

26
 What’s More

Name Game!

Directions: Identify the diseases with as described. Write your

answers on your answer sheet/Science Activity notebook.
You may refer to the words inside the box for your
answers.

urinary tract infection nephritis

hematuria kidney stones

____1. The presence of blood in the urine caused by infection.

____2. An inflammation of some parts of the kidneys.
____3. An inflammation of any part of the urinary tract due to
bacteria.
____4. Also known as “renal calculi” is composed of calcium and
waste products containing nitrogen.

What I Have Learned

Knowledge is Power!

Directions: Fill in the table.

Today, I learned that_____________________________________

______________________________________________________.

27
 What I Can Do

Be a genius!

Directions: Read and answer the questions.

1. Every time your family eats, patis or bagoong is always a part of

the meal. Is this a healthy practice? Why?
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

2. Your classmate told you that she holds back urination during
class hours because she is always shy to ask permission to go
out. As a concerned classmate, what advice can you give to
her?
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

28
 Answer Key

What’s In
1.A 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. C
What’s New
Answer may vary
What is It
1. nephritis, kidney stones, UTI, hematoria
2. 1. Drink 8-10 glasses of water or more everyday.
2. Keep your genital area clean.
3. Eat a balanced diet.
4. Urinate frequently
5. Avoid too much sweets and salty food.
6. Exercise regularly.
7. Do not eat too much fatty food.
What’s More
1. hematuria 3. UTI
2. nephritis 4. kidney stones
What I Have Learned
Answer may vary
What I Can Do
1. No, because patis or bagoong are very salty and it can damage your kidneys
2. Not to hold back urination because it can damage our kidneys

29
z

Lesson Common Ailments of

4 Heart and Lungs: their
Causes and Treatment

Breathing is very important. Breathing is the most important

activity of every human being It allows oxygen to get in the body and
the carbon dioxide to get out of the body. In the previous lessons, you
have learned about how your heart and lungs worked together to help
you breathe.

Do you suffer difficulty in breathing? Do you know some persons

who suffered difficulty this kind of sickness?

This module will help you learn about the different ailments of
heart and lungs, its causes and treatment.

Week 2 Day 3

What’s In

Quick Check!

Your family loves to drink soft drinks after every mealtime. Is this
good for your health? Why?

_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

30
 What’s New

Do this and enjoy!

What you need:

Activity sheets

What to do:

1. Complete the diagram below by writing the different ailments of

lung and heart you are familiar with.
2. Answer the questions. Write your answers in your answer
sheet/Science Activity notebook.

Heart and Lung Ailments

Heart Lungs

Guide Questions:

1. What are the ailments of the heart you have identified?

2. What are the ailments of the lungs you have identified?
3. What is the most common heart ailment in your family?
4. What is the most common ailment of the lungs in your family?

31
 What is It

Learning Circuit

Common Heart Ailments

Ailments Description
High-blood it is characterized by a sudden rise of blood
pressure/ pressure
hypertension
it is characterized by the blood’s inability to
Anemia produce enough hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying
pigment of the red blood cells or RBC
Leukemia it occurs when there is an increase in WBC count
it occurs when blood clot or fat gets lodged in
Heart attack blood vessels which blocks the passage of blood
to the heart
Rheumatic fever it is a complication of a throat infection

Treatment of Heart Ailments:

1. Minimize your intake of salt/sodium and fatty food. Too much salt
may cause complications in other organs like the kidney.
2. Get enough rest and sleep.
3. Exercise regularly.

Figure 1. Person with heart ailment

32
 Common Lung Ailment

Ailments Description
Asthma a condition where a person experiences difficulty in
breathing
Rhinitis it is characterized by sneezing, nasal discharge
and itchiness in the nasal passage
Bronchitis It is characterized by persistent coughing and
sometimes fever
Pneumonia it is an inflammation of the lungs. A person with
pneumonia has a cough that produces yellow-
green phlegm
Cold it is marked by sneezing, runny nose, coughing,
sore throat and sometimes fever and headache
Tuberculosis it is an acute or chronic infectious disease of the
lungs. It is highly communicable
Lung it develops in response to prolonged exposure to
Cancer irritants like tobacco smoke
Treatment of Lung Ailments
1. Patients should stay home and rest. Separate him/her from
other members of the family.
2. Give the patient the prescribed medicine.
3. Keep the surroundings clean. Open the windows to allow fresh
air.
4. Feed the patient with nutritious food.
5. If the patient has fever, give him/her a sponge bath. Change
his/her clothes regularly.

Figure 1. Person with tuberculosis

33
Guide Questions:

1. What happens if we continue to inhale cigarette smoke?

____________________________________________

2. What are the ailments of the heart you are very familiar?
____________________________________________

3. What are the ailments of the lungs you are familiar?

____________________________________________

What’s More

Unscramble me!

Directions: Rearrange the scrambled letters to form the correct word.

Write the answers in your answer sheet/Science Activity
notebook.

______1.(TAAHSM) A condition where a person experienced

difficulty in breathing.

______2.(KMAIEELU) It occurs when there is an increase in WBC

count.

______3.(SRIHTIIN) It is characterized by sneezing, nasal discharge

and itchiness in the nasal passage.

______4.(AEIANM) It is characterized by the blood’s ability to

produce enough hemoglobin, the oxygen
carrying pigment of the RBC.

______5.(DOLC) It is marked by sneezing, runny nose, coughing,

sore throat and sometimes fever and headache.
34
 What I Have Learned

Brain Buster!

Directions: Identify the ailments described below. Write your answers

in your answer sheet/Science Activity notebook.

_______1. It develops in response to prolonged exposure to irritants

like tobacco smoke.
_______2. It is characterized by a sudden rise in blood pressure.
_______3. It occurs when a blood clot or fat gets lodged in a blood
vessels which blocks the passage of blood to the heart.
_______4. It is a complication of a throat infection.
_______5. It is marked by sneezing, runny nose, coughing, sore
throat and sometimes fever and headache.
_______6. It is a condition where a person experiences difficulty in
breathing.
_______7. It is characterized by the blood’s inability to produce
enough hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying pigment of the
red blood cells or RBC.
_______8. It occurs when there is an increase in WBC count.
_______9. It is characterized by persistent coughing and sometimes
fever.
_______10. It is an inflammation of the lungs.

35
 What I Can Do

Be a genius!

Directions: Study the graphs below and answer the questions that
follow. Write your answers in your answer sheet/Science
Activity notebook.

Deaths from Lung Diseases

Smokers- 443,000

Non-smokers- 49,000

Guide Questions:

1. What does the graph tell you?

________________________________________________

2. How will you be affected if there is a smoker in the family?

________________________________________________

3. Given the data above, what will you do if there is a smoker in

your family?
________________________________________________

36
 Answer Key

What’s In
1. It is not good for health because it can damage the kidneys
What’s New
(Any fo the following)
Heart Lungs
High blood pressure/ hypertension asthma tuberculosis
Anemia rhinitis
Leukemia bronchitis
Heart attack pneumonia
Rheumatic fever cold

Guide Questions
1. Answer may vary 3.Answer may vary
2. Answer may vary 4. Answer may vary
What is It
1. Inhaled smoke will damage the lungs.
2. Answer will vary
3. Answer will vary
What’s More
1. ASTHMA 3. RHINITIS 5. COLD
2. LEUKEMIA 4. ANEMIA
What I have Learned
1. Lung cancer 6. asthma
2. Hypertension/ high blood 7. anemia
3. stroke 8. leukemia
4. rheumatic fever 9. bronchitis
5. cold 10. Bowel movement

What Can I Do
1. There is more death caused by lung diseases compared to death to lung diseases for non-smokers
2. Answer may vary
3. Answer may vary

37
z

Lesson
Brain Diseases: It’s
5 Causes and Treatments
Your brain processes the information it receives and send
instructions to the different parts of your body. It serves as the control
center of all our body movements

What if your brain won’t function properly? Do you know some

illnesses/ diseases related to the brain?

In this lesson, you will learn about the diseases of the brain, it’s
causes and treatments.

Week 2 Day 4

What’s In

Be a scientist!

Directions: Look at the picture. Answer the questions in you answer

sheet/Science Activity notebook.

Figure 1. A man suffering from asthma

Questions:
38
 1. The man in the drawing is given oxygen. What organ do
you think is not functioning well? __________________
____________________________________________

2. Why should a person afflicted with heart and lung

ailments are given medical attention and be treated
properly?_____________________________________
____________________________________________

What’s New

Do this and enjoy!

What you need:

Answer sheet/ Science Activity notebook /ballpen

What to do:

1. Interview an older member of the family or community if

they knew somebody suffering from brain ailment.
2. Ask them the type of brain ailment and the treatment given
to the person.
3. Make a list of the different brain illnesses and treatments
done.
4. Fill up the table on your answer sheet.

Activity Sheet
Diseases related
to Brain Treatment

39
 What is It

Learning Circuit
Diseases Related to Brain

Migraine - It is an intense pain in the head caused by stress, fatigue and

sometimes hunger.
Stroke – It occurs when there is blood clot or broken blood vessels going
to the brain. This can lead to temporary or permanent disability
of the muscles to move some parts of the body.
Epilepsy - This is a disorder due to irregular electrical signals in the
brain.This results to unsteady or trembling of the body
(seizures) and loss of consciousness. This disorder is due
to chemical poisoning and head disturbance
Parkinson’s Diseases- It is characterized by shaking, trembles and
rigidity of the muscles in the face.
Care for the Brain
1. Eat a balanced diet.
2. Exercise daily.
3. Avoid harmful substances like alcohol, cigarettes and drugs.
4. Get enough rest.
5. Have a positive outlook in life
6. Talk with others.
7. Get vitamin D daily.
8. Play small brain games often.
9. Drink 8 to 10 glasses of water daily

Guide Questions:

40
 1. How do you know that a person is suffering from epilepsy
and not from Parkinson’s disease?
2. If you have migraine, how are you going to avoid it?
3. What causes a temporary or permanent disability for a
stroke victim?

What’s More

Mind twisting!
Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is
wrong. Write your answers in your answer sheet/Science
Activity notebook.

_____1. Harmful substance like alcohol, cigarettes and drugs can

make your brain healthy.
_____2. A stroke happens when there is blood clot in the brain.
_____3. Epilepsy involves shaking, trembling and hardening of
muscles in the face.
_____4. Migraine is caused by stress.
_____5. Eating a balanced diet is one way to prevent brain
ailment.

What I Have Learned

Brain Buster!
Directions: Arrange letters to complete the information. Write your
answers on your answer sheet/Science Activity
notebook.

1. ________ EMNIIGRA - It is an intense pain in the head

caused by stress, fatigue and sometime hunger.
2. ________ TSEKRO -It occurs when there is blood clot or
broken blood vessels going to the brain.
3. ________ YESPPIEL - This results to unsteady or trembling of
the body (seizures) and loss of consciousness.

41
 4. ________ NSNKRPAIO - It is characterized by shaking,
trembles and rigidity of the muscles in the face.
5. ________ KROTSE – Involves temporary or permanent
disability to move some body part.

What I Can Do

Be a genius!

Directions: Read the situation below and answer the questions.

Write your answers in your answer sheet/
Science Activity notebook.

One of your family members collapsed after a usual day of work.

He was suddenly rushed to the nearest hospital. In the hospital, the
doctors observed that the patient cannot move his right arm.

Questions:

1. What possible ailment does he suffer?

________________________________________
________________________________________

2. Give at least three ways of how this condition be

prevented.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________

42
 Answer Key

What’s In
1. lungs or heart /lungs and heart
2. A person with heart and lungs ailment should be treated and given medical attention because these
diseases can lead to death
What’s New
Answers may vary
What is It
1. In epilepsy, there is trembling of the body and loss of consciousness. In Parkinson’s disease, there is
shaking, trembles and rigidity of the muscles in the face.
2. Eating a balanced diet, taking a rest, having a positive outlook in life, exercise daily
3. When there is blood clot or broken blood vessels going to the brain.
What’s More
1. FALSE 2. TRUE 3. FALSE 4. TRUE 5. TRUE
What I have Learned
1. MIGRAINE 3. EPILEPSY 5. STROKE
2. STROKE 4. PARKINSON
What can I Do
1. stroke
2. Eat a balanced diet, exercise daily, enough rest, avoid harmful substances like alcohol, cigarettes and
drugs, drink 8 to 10 glasses of water daily… etc

43
 Post Assessment

Test A
Directions: Rearrange the following scrambled letters of different and
illnesses. Write your answer in your answer sheet/
Science Activity notebook.

1. _____________ (CELRU) caused by not eating on time

or intake of too much acidic drink or food.
2. _____________ (SPRIAN) injury to a ligament caused by
excessive stretching
3. _____________ (TSEKRO) occurs when there is blood
clot or broken blood vessels going to the brain.
4. _____________ (PNEAMOUNI) it is an inflammation of
the lungs.
5. _____________ (PHRITISNE) inflammation of some parts
of the kidneys
Test B
Directions: Which of the following practices show proper care for the
different organs of the body? Write a check (/) mark on
the space provided if it shows proper care of the organ of
the body. If it does not, write an X mark. Write your
answer in your answer sheet/Science Activity notebook.

_______1. Taking enough rest.

_______2. Eating a balanced diet.
_______3. Eating junk food.
_______4. Keeping your surroundings clean.
_______5. Exercising.
_______6. Eating snacks frequently.

44
 _______7. Eating sweets and salty foods.
_______8. Drinking fruit juices.
_______9. Watching TV until midnight.
_______10. Drinking cola drinks.

Test C

Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the correct

answer. Write your answer in your answer
sheet/Science Activity notebook.

____1. What do you need most when you are tired?

A. water B. air C. exercise D. rest

____ 2. How will you treat muscle cramps?

A. Apply ice on the affected muscle.
B. Contract the affected muscles.
C. Stretch the muscles
D. Massage the muscles until it relaxes.

____ 3. To prevent constipation, one should eat food rich in___.

A. calcium B. protein C. carbohydrates D. fiber

_____ 4. Which of the following protects the lungs and heart?

A. spinal column B. rib cage C. skull D. arms

_____ 5. Why do we need to brush out teeth? Brushing our teeth

prevents ___________.
A. cavities B. indigestion C. stomach pain D. ulcer

45
 Additional Activities

Directions: Look for the given words in the puzzle. Write your
answers on your answer sheet/Science Activity notebook.

Note: The words are written vertically, horizontally, or diagonally.

stroke diarrhea fracture ulcer

cold nephritis polio anemia

S T R O K E C O L D
F F E W S A A R R I
R S F E D A S T J A
A A K C G G F H H R
C W P S H L U J Q R
T Q A M O Q L K A H
U N F I J W C H S E

R I L V A N E M I A

E O M Q G S R G F A

P N E P H I T I S F

Congratulations for working diligently with this module. Share your

46 experiences with your teacher or elder brother or sister at home.
 Answer Key

Post Test
Test A
1. ULCER 3. STROKE 5. NEPHRITIS
2. SPRAIN 4. PNEUMONIA
Test B
1. / 3. X 5. / 7. X 9. X
2. / 4. / 6. X 8. / 10. X
Test C
1. D 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A
Additional Activities
(in any order)
Stroke
Cold
diarrhea
nephritis
fracture
polio
Anemia
ulcer

47
Reference:

Abutay, L. R., D.C. Bonao, E. B. Crucis, et al. (2015) Science –Grade

4 Learner’s Material. Lexicon Press, Inc.

Abutay, L. R., D.C. Bonao, E. B. Crucis, et al. (2015) Science –Grade

4 Teacher’s Guide. Lexicon Press, Inc.

Balce, M. E. (2009). Smart Science. DIWA Learning Systems.Inc.

Boac, A. M. ((2015) The Amazing World of Science 4. Don Bosco

Press, Inc.

Detailed Lesson Plan, Division of Valencia City (2019).

Garcia, R. (2008) Workbook on Science (Grade 4)

Lozada, B. A. & A. G. Mendoza (2002). Science for Daily Use 4. JICA
Enterprises.

Lumidao, K. C. (2019). Science Grade 4 Workbook.

Mapa, A. P., L.G. Vengco, et al. (2015) Science for Active Learning 4,
SIBS Publishing House.

Valenzuela, B. A. & A. G. Mendoza (2002) Science for Active Minds 4.

DIWA Learning Systems, Inc.

Vengo, L. G. & T. F. Religioso (2007) Science and Health Third

Edition. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

48
 For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Valencia City

Lapu - Lapu Street, Poblacion, Valencia City 8709

49 Telefax: (088) 828 - 4615

50