A. Let us recall!

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Everything

around us is matter – the soil, water, air.

Matter has different properties that make them different from one
another. Some types of matter have properties that can make them good
materials for producing useful products. Other types have properties that
make them harmful.

Classification of Materials

Some examples of everyday materials are plastics, fabric

and glass. Household materials can be grouped as follows:
o Cleaning
o Food preparation
o Beautification
o Building construction
o Household product

 When is materials useful?

- When it serves its purpose whether it is made of
plastic or glass and it has properties that makes
it useful and reusable.

 When is materials harmful?

- When some useful materials may also bring
hazards, toxics and bring harm to your health,
environment and other organisms when not use
properly.
 Physical Properties of Materials

Properties of materials can be considered in classifying materials as

useful or harmful.
PROPERTIES DESCRIPTION
Brittleness The ability of an object to be easily broke or
crushed into pieces.

Hardness A property of an object that makes it withstand

pressure.

Malleability The ability of the metal to be hammered or

beaten flat.

Ductility The ability of material to be stretched or pulled

out and be formed into fine thin wires.

Flexibility The ability of the material to be bent without

breaking.

Elasticity The ability of the material to be stretched and

returned to their original form when released.
Porosity The ability of the material to absorb liquid

Density Ability of materials to allow heat and electricity

to pass through it.

B. Let’s have an example!

Now, let us have household

materials and their uses.

Cleaning Food Beautification Building Household

preparation construction products
Floor wax Vinegar Shampoo Screw Disinfectant
Broom Sugar Lotion hammer Muriatic acid
Scrubs Catsup Cologne metal Floor wax
salt Body soap Iron nails
The following are materials that are
harmful when improperly (NOT
properly) used.
Again, these materials may bring harm
to your health, environment and other
organisms when improperly used.
 Now, let us have SOME
examples of the physical
properties of matter

HARDNESS vs. BRITTLENESS

Materials that do not break easily materials that break easily

(hard) (brittle)

Metal Biscuits

Stones Crayon

Iron nail Chalk

Block of wood glass

MALLEABILITY
The following materials are malleable thus it can be hammered or beaten flat to
the desired shape.

jewelry
gold

silver

aluminum
cooking pots
DUCTILITY
Below are materials that can be drawn into thin wires
 Metal wires

FLEXIBILTY vs. ELASTICITY

Materials that bent without Materials that can be stretched and
breaking returned to its original shape

Metal wires Rubber band

Plastic wires Balloons

Cloth

POROSITY vs. CONDUCTIVITY

Materials which exhibit porosity Material that allow heat and
(absorbs liquid well) electricity pass through it
(conductors)

Paper
Metals

cloth

B. Let’s Practice!
Exercise 1. Direction: Inside the box are the different types of materials
that you can find at home. Classify these household materials according to
their uses and identify their individual properties. Number 1 and 2 is good
for you.

cloth glass rubber band knife

hammer cotton sponge
copper wire soft rock silver jewelry

MATERIALS CLASSIFICATION PROPERTIES

ACCORDING TO USES Malleability
(Cleaning, Food preparation, Brittleness
Beautification Hardness
, Building construction Ductility
And Household product) Flexibility
Conductivity
porosity
1. hammer building construction hardness

2. sponge household product/ porosity

cleaning
3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Exercise 2. DIRECTIONS: Classify the different materials found in the

word pool below as USEFUL or HARMFUL. Write your answers in a similar
table below.
 Useful materials Harmful Materials

Drained batteries empty mayonnaise jar

empty disinfectant bottle
Used paint brush worn out rubber tires

C. Let’s Check!
Now, let us find out if you were able to answer the practice test in the
previous pages.
Answer to PRACTICE 1 (Exercise 1)

MATERIALS CLASSIFICATION PROPERTIES

ACCORDING TO USES Malleability
(Cleaning, Food preparation, Brittleness
Beautification Hardness
, Building construction Ductility
And Household product) Flexibility
Conductivity
porosity
1. hammer building construction hardness

2. sponge household product/ cleaning porosity

3. cloth cleaning/ beautification porosity/

flexibility

4. glass food preparation/ building brittleness

construction
5. rubber band household product elasticity

6. cotton beautification/ cleaning/ porosity

household product
7. knife food preparation hardness/
malleability/
conductivity

8. copper wire building construction flexibility/

ductility

9. soft rock beautification/ building brittleness

construction
10. silver jewelry beautification malleability

Answer to PRACTICE 2 (Exercise 2)

Useful materials Harmful Materials
empty mayonnaise jar drained batteries
empty disinfectant bottles
worn out rubber tires
 used paint brush

D. Let’s Evaluate
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Direction: Read each statement carefully, then encircle the letter of the
correct answer.

1. Which among the following exhibits the property of malleability?

a. Tansan b. bag c. bed sheet d. balloon

2. Which of the properties of materials best describe balloons?

a. Malleable b. flexible c. ductile d. elastic

3. Iron, steel and rock are materials that share the same property. What do
they have in common?

a. Brittleness b. elasticity d. porosity d. hardness

4. Which of the following group of materials exhibit the property of

brittleness?

a. Chalk, rock, wood c. laptop, light bulb, paper

b. glass, mug, biscuit d. spoon, hair, rope

5. The following are harmful materials except _________________.

a. Drained Truck batteries c. plastic bags

b. Old newspapers d. empty aerosols
6. “ chopping board” is hard material that can be used in ______________.
a. Cleaning c. building construction
b. food preparation d. beautification

7. Which of the following materials absorb more water?

a. Sponge b. metal wires c. rock d. silver
 8. Why is it a metal exhibits conductivity?
a. It can absorb liquids
b. It can be broken easily or crushed into pieces
c. It has the ability to float in water.
d. It allows heat and electricity to pass through it.

9. Which of the following materials exhibit the property of hardness and is

used for building constructions?
a. Iron nails b. biscuits c. garter d. cotton buds

10.Ana wants to cook for dinner. Which of the following is one of the
materials that she will use in preparing food?

a. Ladle b. paint brush c. hammer d. bleach

References

Printed Materials
Cabrales Mary Rovelyn F. (2020). “Enriched/ Thematic MELC Grade 5 –
Quarter 1.
 Nicolas, Elizabeth S. (2012). Science and Health 5: Care for the
Environment.

Sarte, Evelyn T. et.al.,(2016). Science Beyond Borders 5.

Electronic References

https://study.com/academy/lesson/physical-properties-lesson-for-
kids.html#:~:text=A%20physical%20property%20is%20any,learning%20about
%20and%20describing%20matter.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/brittleness#:~:text=Brittleness
%20describes%20the%20property%20of,strength%2C%20and%20low
%20tensile%20strength.

Photo Credits

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