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Science
Quarter 2- Module 8:
Harmful Interactions Among
Living Things

Department of Education Republic of the Philippines

Science – Grade 4
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 - Module 8: Harmful Interaction Among Living Things.
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
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Borrowed materials (i.e., stories, songs, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
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ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education – Division of Valencia City
Schools Division Superintendent: Rebonfamil R. Baguio

Development Team of the Module

Authors: Felma D. Timkang

Editor: Janette V. Bejona

Reviewers: Jimbo Russell C. Agbayani, EPS – Science

Maritel L. Agbayani, PSDS
Desiree Rose L. Allaba
Fabrienne Isa M. Cabanao
Illustrator: John Rimmon I. Taquiso

Layout Artists: John Rimmon I. Taquiso

Management Team:

Chairperson: Rebonfamil R. Baguio

Schools Division Superintendent

Co-Chairperson: Eugene I. Macahis, Jr.

Asst. Schools Division Superintendent

Members:
Jayvy C. Vegafria, CID Chief ES
Jimbo Russell C. Agbayani, EPS – Science
Analisa C. Unabia, EPS – LRMS
Joan Sirica V. Camposo, Librarian II

Printed in the Philippines by:

Department of Education - Division of Valencia City
Office Address: Lapu-lapu Street, Poblacion, Valencia City 8709
Telefax: (088) 828-4615 Website: deped-valencia.org

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 4
Science
Quarter 2 - Module 8:
Harmful Interactions Among
Living Things

This instructional material was collaboratively developed

and reviewed by educators from public schools, We encourage
teachers and other education stakeholders to email their
feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department
of education at region10@deped.gov.ph.
 
We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education Republic of the Philippines

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3
What This Module is About

We are happy to share this module to Grade 4 pupils like you. It

was developed to help you become hands-on and minds-on learners.
The activities that you are going to do can help you learn essential
science concepts and skills through learning by doing. These activities
are fun and simple, yet, will allow you to think critically.

The earth that God made is a beautiful one because of the living
things that He created. We are so grateful that we are one of the
special living creatures that He made. From the finest organism to the
biggest animal, God’s love is never ending.

In this module, ecosystem is a community of living organisms

that involves living and nonliving components that interact with the
environment. This module will describe the harmful interaction among
living things.

Notes to the Teacher

Dear Teacher,

This is a self-placed module with

various activities to be done at home by the
learners. Careful instructions must be given
to the learners to ensure safety and avoid
misconceptions in performing the activities.

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 What I Need to Know

The ecosystem is made up of interacting organisms (plants,

animals and other living things) and the physical environment which
they need in order to survive. The relationship between two types of
organisms in an ecosystem can be beneficial, like mutualism or
commensalism or it can also be a harmful relationship.

In this module, you are going to learn about the three types of
harmful relationships that may occur among living things in an
ecosystem.

Learning Objectives:

1. Identify the types of harmful interactions among organisms

in the environment.

2. Describe each type of harmful interactions taking place

among living things.

Time duration: 4 days

How to Learn from this module

To achieve the objectives, you will to do the following:

• Take your time in reading carefully the lessons.

• Follow diligently the directions /instructions in the activities and

exercises.

• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

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Icons of this Module

What I Need This part contains learning objectives

to Know that are set for you to learn as you go
along the module.

What I Know This is an assessment as to your

level of knowledge to the subject
matter at hand, meant specifically to
gauge prior related knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson
with that of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson

through various activities, before it
will be presented to you

What is It These are discussions of the

activities as a way to deepen your
discovery and understanding of the
concept.
What’s More These are follow-up activities that are
intended for you to practice further in
order to master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what

Learned you have learned from the lesson

What I Can These are tasks designed to

Do showcase your skills and knowledge
gained, and applied into real-life
concerns and situations.
Post This assessment evaluates your level
Assessment of mastery in achieving the learning
objectives

More Activities designed to increase the

Activities strength of your skills and knowledge
gained and tends to induce
repetitions of actions / learning

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 Week 8 Day 1

iii

What I Know

Test A.
Directions: Write T if the statement is TRUE. Write F if the statement
is FALSE. Write your answer in your Answer
Sheet/Science Activity Notebook.

1. In the relationship between the hawk and the chick, the hawk is
considered as the prey.
2. Competition is an ecological relationship wherein two or more
organisms compete for common resources such as food, water,
shelter, and sunlight in order to live.
3. An ecosystem is man-made and cannot be natural.
4. The organism which is being eaten is called a prey.
5. The relationship where one is harmed and the other is benefited is
called parasitism.
6. Predator is the animal that eats the prey.
7. Mosquitos bite men so they are parasites.
8. The prey benefits while the predator is being harmed or killed in the
relationship.
9. In parasitism, the one that is harmed is called a host.
10. Each organism is a competitor in competition.

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Test B
Directions: Match column A with Column B. Write your answer in
your answer sheet/Science Activity notebook.

A B
1. The one that is being eaten. A. Competitor
2. This organism cannot live alone. B. Ecosystem
3. They compete for survival. C. Predation
4. Can be natural or man-made. D. Parasite
5. This relationship involves a predator E. Competition
and a prey. F. Prey
6. The one who eats is called___. G. Predator
7. The organism in competition is called___. H. Host
8. In the interaction between a head lice and I. Parasitism
a girl, the girl is the________.
9. A relationship where one is harmed while
the other is benefited.
10. In predation the one that is killed or eaten
is called______.

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 Z

Lesson
Harmful Interaction
1
Interactions among living things in the ecosystem are not always
beneficial to the organism involved in the ecological relationship. In
order to survive, some organisms are into harmful interactions with
others in order to survive. In a harmful interaction, one organism
benefits in the relationship while the other is harmed or is eaten.
There are also situations where both participating organisms get
harmed in the relationship. Harmful interactions in an ecosystem can
be competition, parasitism or predation.

In this lesson you will learn what the harmful interactions of

organisms in an ecosystem are. Have fun in answering the activities
that come along with this lesson.

Week 8 Day 2
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 What’s In

Think of me!

Directions: Provide the missing letters to form a word.

Word Clue:
1. It is an interaction where organisms compete for survival.
2. This relationship involves a predator and a prey.
3. In parasitism, the one that is affected most is called ____.
4. In predation, the one that is eaten is called _____.
5. The organism that benefits from a parasitism interaction
is the ____.

3
2 H
1 C P

4
P
5.
P

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 What’s New

Can I help!

Directions: Analyze the drawing to answer the questions. Write your

answers in your Answer Sheet/Science Activity notebook
Activity 1
Questions:
1. What did the bird
do with the worm?
2. Did the worm get
something from
the bird?
3. Which organism is
benefited in the
interaction?
4. Which organism is
badly affected?
5. How can you describe the
Interaction between the bird and the
worm?
Activity 2
Questions:
1. What do the aphids do with the petals
of roses?
2. Which one is badly affected?
3. Which one benefits from the
interaction?
4. How can you describe the type of
interaction between the aphids and
the rose plant?
Activity 3
Questions:
1. What animals are involved in this
type of interaction?
2. Which organism is badly affected?
3. Which animals benefited from the
interaction?
4. Are there interactions among the

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 lions?
5. Why is this type of interaction
Week 8 Day 3 among the lions harmful?

What is It

Learning Circuit

Harmful ecological relationships/interactions occur between two

types of organisms in the ecosystem. This interaction is based on a
feeding relationship between the two participating organisms.

Predation – one organism is benefited while the other is badly affected

(killed or eaten). In the ecosystem, this is a natural control of the size of
population of an organism. The organisms in the relationship are the
following:
1. Predator – the organism that benefits in the relationship.
2. Prey – the organism that is eaten or killed.
Example: bird and the worm
- Predator – bird
- Prey – worm

Parasitism – one organism is benefited while the other is harmed or

badly affected. The following are the organisms in this interaction:
1. Parasite –the organism that benefits in the relationship. May be
found outside the body (external) or inside the body (internal).
2. Host – the organism that harmed or badly affected.
Example: ticks and dog
- Parasite – ticks
- Host - dog

Some parasites do slight harm to their hosts. Others can kill their
host. A good example are the aphids and the rose plants. Aphids suck

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the juice of the soft parts and damaging the rose plant.

The interaction between lions and other organisms is called

predation. The interaction between the lions is called competition.
Competition is striving between organisms for the things needed for
survival. Organism may compete for food, shelter, sunshine space,
water, and other things needed for survival. Every organism in this
kind of relationship is a competitor.

Example: Lions and buffalos.

Questions:
1. What are the harmful interactions among living things in
an ecosystem?
2. Name the role of the organism in each type of harmful
relationship?
3. Give one example of the following as observed in your
community:
A. Predation: ____________ and ____________
Predator - ___________
Prey - ______________
B. Parasitism: ____________ and ____________
Parasite : ____________
Host: ____________
C. Competition: ____________and ____________

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 What’s More

Cut, Connect, and Paste!

Directions: Cut some pictures of organisms interacting with each
other and identify the kind of interaction (pictures found
on page 21). Paste it in your Answer Sheet.

____________

____________

____________

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 What I Have Learned

Just Provide Me!

Directions: Provide the missing word to complete the statement.

Write your answer in your Answer Sheet/Science Activity
notebook.

Predation Parasitism
Competition Host
Parasites Prey

1. The type of interaction where one benefits while the other is

killed or eaten is called___________.
2. The organism that usually benefits from this interaction is called
the________ and the one that is affected is called host. This
interaction is called __________.
3. __________ is striving between organisms for the things
needed for survival.
4. ________is the organism harmed in the interaction while the
other benefits.
5. The _____________ are also found inside the stomach of the
host like ascaris in the human stomach.

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 Week 8 Day 4

What I Can Do

Let’s do it!
Directions: Below are drawings of organisms in ecological interaction.
Identify if the interaction shown is Competition, Predation,
or Parasitism. Write your answers in your Answer
Sheet/Science Activity notebook.

1. __________________ 2. __________________

3. __________________ 4. __________________

5. __________________
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 Post Test
Post Test

Test A
Directions: Match column A with Column B. Write your answers in
your Answer Sheet/Science Activity notebook.
A B
1. The one that is being eaten. A. Competitor
2. This organism cannot live alone. B. Ecosystem
3. They compete for survival. C. Predation
4. Can be natural or man-made. D. Parasite
5. This relationship involves a predator E. Competition
and a prey. F. Prey
6. The one who eats is called___. G. Predator
7. The organism in competition is called___. H. Host
8. In the interaction between a head lice and I. Parasitism
a girl, the girl is the________.
9. A relationship where one is harmed while
the other is benefited.
10. In predation the one that is killed or eaten
is called______.
Test B
Directions: Write T if the statement is TRUE. Write F if the statement
is FALSE. Write your answer in your Answer Sheet.
1. In the relationship between the hawk and the chick, the hawk is
considered as the prey.
2. Competition is an ecological relationship wherein two or more
organisms compete for common resources such as food, water,
shelter, and sunlight in order to live.
3. An ecosystem is man-made and cannot be natural.
4. The organism which is being eaten is called a prey.
5. The relationship where one is harmed and the other is benefited is
called parasitism.
6. Predator is the animal that eats the prey.
7. Mosquitos bite men so they are parasites.
8. The prey benefits while the predator is being harmed or killed in the
relationship.
9. In parasitism, the one that is harmed is called a host.
10. Each organism is a competitor in competition.

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 Additional Activities

Directions: Choose from the given words in the box. Write your
answers in your Answer Sheet/Science Activity
notebook.

Competition Mutualism Predation

Competitor Parasite Predator
Host Parasitism Prey

1. The kind of interaction where both organisms benefit from each

other.
2. The interaction among organisms where one benefits while the
other is harmed or not benefited.
3. The kind of interaction where one organism kills smaller organisms
for food.
4. In the interaction between a man and a mosquito, the man is called
a _______.
5. In predation, the one that is eaten or killed called_______.
6. The interacting organisms compete for food to survive.
7. The __________ cannot live alone. They must live in a living host.
8. It is observed among organisms that share the same things needed
to survive.
9. A symbolic relationship where organism depends on the host for
food, protection, and reproduction.
10. In predation, the one that usually benefits in the
relationship is called______.

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 Answer Key

What I know
Pre-Test
Test A 1. F 3. F 5. T 7. T 9. T
2. T 4. T 6. T 8. F 10. T
Test B 1. F 3. E 5. C 7. A 9. I
2. D 4. B 6. G 8. H 10. F
What’s In
1. Competition 2. Parasitism 3. Host 4. Prey 5. Parasite
What’s New
Activity 1.
1. bird eats the worm 3. bird 5. The bird is benefited because it eats the worm
2. no 4. worm and the worm is killed.
Activity 2
1. Aphids sucks the juice of the rose plant 3. aphids
2. rose 4. Aphids depend on rose plant to live.
Activity 3
1. lions and buffalo/carabao 3. lions 5. Competition for food.
2. buffalo/carabao 4. yes
What is It
1. competition, predation, parasitism
2. competition–competitor; predation–predator & prey; parasitism–parasite & host
3. Answer may vary
What’s More
Answers may vary depending on the order of pasting the pictures.
What I have Learned
1. predation 2. parasite; parasitism 3. Competition 4. Host 5. parasite
What I Can Do
1. parasitism 2. parasitism 3. predation 4. predation 5. competition
Post-Test
Test A 1. F 3. E 5. C 7. A 9. I
2. D 4. B 6. G 8. H 10. F
Test B 1. F 3. F 5. T 7. T 9. T
2. T 4. T 6. T 8. F 10. T
19 Additional Activities
1. mutualism 3. predation 5. prey 7. parasite 9. parasitism
2. parasitism 4. host 6. competition 8. competition 10. predator
References:

Abutay, L R, D. C Bonao, E B. Crucis, et al (2015) Science- Grade 4

Learner’s Materials, Lexicon Press. Inc.

Abutay, L R, D. C Bonao, E B. Crucis, et al (2015) Science- Grade 4

Teacher Guide, Lexicon Press. Inc.

Detailed Lesson Plan, Division of Valencia City (2019)

Lumidao K. C. (2019) Science Guide 4 Workbook.

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What’s More! (Page 13)

Cut, Connect, and Paste

Parasitism Predation Competition

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 For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Valencia City

Lapu - Lapu Street, Poblacion, Valencia City 8709

22 Telefax: (088) 828 - 4615