Introduction to First

Aid and Basic Life

Support
What is First Aid?
Is an immediate help provided to a
sick or injured person until
professional medical help arrives or
becomes available
What is BLS?
Basic Life Support is an emergency procedure that consists of
recognizing respiratory or cardiac arrest or both and the proper
application of CPR to maintain life until a victim recovers or
advanced life support is available.
Drowning

Suffocation

Unconscious Electrification
Objectives of First Aid
• Preserve Life
• Prevent further harm and complication
• Seek immediate medical help
• Provide reassurance
Health, Hazards, and Risks
Common Transmittable Diseases
Helping others is not without risk and hazards, most important
of which is the risk of contracting an infectious disease.
Infectious disease are those that can spread from one person
to another and develop when germs invade the body and
cause illness

herpes meningitis tuberculosis

Prevention and Protection
Universal Precautions are set of strategies developed to
prevent transmission of blood borne pathogens.

Body Substance Isolation (BSI) are precautions taken to isolate

or prevent risk of exposure from body secretions and any other
type of body substance such as urine, vomit, faeces, sweat, or
sputum.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) specialized clothing,

equipment and supplies that keep you from directly contacting
infected materials.
Emergency Action Principle
An emergency scene can be overwhelming. In order for the FIRST AIDER
to help effectively, it is important that actions have to be prioritized and
planned well.
I. Scene Safety
II. Knowing what happened
(cause of injury, nature of
illness)
III. Role of bystanders
IV. Number of casualties
V. Asking permission or
consent
Emergency Action Principle
An emergency scene can be overwhelming. In order for the FIRST AIDER
to help effectively, it is important that actions have to be prioritized and
planned well.

To obtain consent, do the ff:

• Identify yourself to the victim.
• State your level of training
• Ask the victim whether you
help
• Explain what you observe
• Explain what you plan to do
Primary Assessment
Assessing Responsiveness
A patient’s response level can
be summarized in the AVPU

• A – Alert
• V – Responsive to Voice
• P – Responsive to Pain
• U –Unresponsive/
Unconscious
Activate Medical Help
Ask someone to call for local emergency number and get an Automated
External Defibrillator (AED).
Information to remember in activating
medical help:

• What happened?
• Location of emergency
• Number of persons injured or ill
• Cause and extent of injury and nature of
illness and first aid given?
• Telephone number from where call is
made
• Name of person who called medical help
ABCs of First Aid
If someone is unconscious or
unresponsive, the basic principle of
first aid that a person need to know
is ABC:

Some first aid courses also include D

and E:
D – disability assessment
E – examination
ABCs of First Aid
Open AIRWAY allows air to enter the
lungs for the person to breathe.

While maintaining an open airway,

quickly check an unconscious person
for BREATHING by doing the LLF
technique for no more than 10sec.

Check CIRCULATION of the body

(pulse, bleeding, shock, skin color,,etc)
The Five Cs
C – Check
responsiveness
C – Call 911 or help
C – Cover the mouth
of the victim
C – Start CPR
C – Connect AED
Back Blows & Abdominal/Chest Thrust
The most common cause of CHOKING in
adults is airway obstruction which may be
caused by the ff:

• Swallow large pieces of poorly chewed

food
• Drinking alcohol
• Wearing dentures
• Eating while talking excitedly, laughing, or
eating too fast
• Walking, playing, or running with food or
objects in the mouth
In infants and children, choking occurs while
eating or by putting non-food items such as
coins or toys inside the mouth while playing
Bleeding TYPES OF BLEEDING
• Arterial bleeding
Bleeding is the loss of blood • Venous bleeding
escaping from the circulatory • Capillary bleeding
system.

Bleeding that is severe enough to

critically reduce blood volume is
life threatening. This can cause
tissues to die from the lack of
oxygen. Life threatening bleeding • Direct Pressure
can be opened from the outside, • Pressure Bandage
such as through a tear in the
skin.
Closed Wound
A closed wound is a wound
where the outer layer of the skin
is intact and the damage lies
below the surface.

First Aid Management

• Apply an ice pack
• Elevate the injured part
• Do not assume that all closed
wounds are minor injuries
• Help the person rest
• Provide comfort and reassure the
person
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Those trained with CPR can help a victim of cardiac arrest to start breathing
again. CPR involves first checking the person’s airway is clear, then using
rescue breathing and chest compressions to maintain blood circulation.
Open Wound
In an open wound, the outer layer of
skin is broken. The break in the skin
can be as minor as a scrape of the
surface layers or as severe as a deep
penetration
First Aid Management
General care for open wound includes controlling bleeding,
preventing infection and using dressings and bandages
correctly

MINOR OPEN WOUNDS

• Use a barrier between your hand and the wound
• Apply direct pressure
• Wash abrasions and other superficial wounds
• Apply a PVP-1 antiseptic solution, or antibiotic ointment
• Cover the wound with a sterile dressing
• Wash your hands immediately after giving care.
Burn
Burns are injuries to the skin and other body tissues that is caused by heat, chemicals,
electricity, or radiation. Thermal Burns
• Check the scene for
safety
• Stop the burning by
removing the victim
from the source of the
burn.
• Cool the burn with large
amounts of cold
running water
• Cover the burn loosely
with a sterile dressing.
• Prevent infection.
Burn
Burns are injuries to the skin and other body tissues that is caused by heat, chemicals,
electricity, or radiation.

• Apply a triple antibiotic

ointment if the person
has no known allergies
or sensitivities to the
medication
• Take steps to minimize
shock
• Comfort and reassure
the victim
Parts of the Triangular Bandage
A triangular bandage also known as triangular sling, is usually made of cotton or muslin
cloth. These bandages are very versatile and efficient. These can be folder into sling or
can be used to provide the necessary pressure to a wound that is bleeding. It has two
equal sides.
What are triangular bandages used
for?
What are triangular bandages used
for?
How to fold Triangular Bandage?
Fainting
Fainting is a partial or complete loss
of consciousness resulting from a
temporary reduction of blood flow to
the brain.
Signs & Symptoms
• Light-headedness or dizziness
• Signs of shock, such as pale, cool or moist skin
• Nausea and numbness or tingling in the
fingers and toes.
First Aid Management
• Position the victim on his or her back
• Keep the victim in a lying position
• Loosen any restrictive clothing, such as a tie
or a buttoned-up collar
• Check for any other life-threatening and non-
life-threatening conditions
• Do not give the victim anything to eat or
drink.
Schedule of Finals
Face to Face Written Exam & Return Demo on Basic First
Aid and Basic Life Support: December 17, 2022

CAL CWTS Blk D,E,F:

8:00 AM to 12:00nn at Commencement Grounds

CBEM LTS Blk A,C,D:

1:00 PM to 4:00PM at Commencement Grounds
BRING YOUR TRIANGULAR BANDAGE…