CHAPTER -1

INTRODUCTION

Indian economy is basically agrarian. Nearly 70% of the Indian

population depends upon agriculture for a livelihood. In the 50s and
60s India had to import food grains to meet its requirements. The
successive five year plans embarked upon the green revolution and
white revolution for which modernization and mechanization of
agriculture and allied activities was a must and that needed financial
support. As one of the measures to develop the economy and to
provide support for nation building social banking services are
provided by banks.

Social banking is also called as ethical banking. It is a bank

concerned with social and environmental impact of its investments
and loans. Ethical banking has not developed to this point; because
of this it is difficult to create a concrete definition distinguishing
exactly what it is that sets an ethical banking apart from conventional
banks.

The ‘social banking’ policies being followed by the country resulted in

widening the ‘geographical spread and functional reach’ of
commercial banks in rural area in the period that followed the
nationalization of banks. Despite having a wide network of rural bank
branches in India, a very large number of the poorest of the poor
continued to remain outside the fold of the formal banking systems.
Social banking policies made appreciable achievement in shifting the

1
commercial banks focus from ‘class banking’ to ‘mass banking’ but
their achievement is very poor in taking the commercial banks focus
to the ‘poorest of the poor’.

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 ABOUT THE REPORT:

1) TITLE OF THE STUDY:

The present study is titled as – “A Project report on Social Banking -

A Case Study”. The study is made with special reference to “BANK
OF INDIA”

2) OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

i. To study the benefits of social banking to customer.

ii. To study the different segments of priority sector.
iii. To study different schemes under priority sector lending.
iv. To know the social banking services provided by Bank of India.

3) LIMITATION OF THE STUDY:

The present study suffers from all limitations of care study method.

4) DATA & METHODOLOGY :

For the purpose of the present study, both primary and secondary
data were used. Primary data collected form bank visit,

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 interviewing staff etc. Secondary data collected for books,
internets, etc.

5) CHAPTER LAYOUT :

The present study is arranged as follows:

a) Chapter 1: “AN INTRODUCTION” gives an introduction of title

and the report.

b) Chapter 2: Gives profile of Bank of India.

c) Chapter 3: Deals with Social Banking – A Theoretical view.

d) Chapter 4: Social banking – A Case Study.

e) Chapter 5: Summarizes the result of the study.

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 CHAPTER- 2
BANK OF INDIA- A PROFILE

HISTORY OF BANK OF INDIA:

Bank of India (BOI), established on 7th September 1906 is a bank

with headquarters in Mumbai. Government owned since
nationalization in 1969. It is one of India’s leading banks, with about
2645 branches including 24 branches outside India. Bank of India is
a founder member of SWIFT (Society for World Wide Inter Bank
financial Telecommunications) in India which facilitates provision of
cost – effective financial processing and communication services.
The Bank completed its first one hundred years of operation on 7th
September 2006.

MISSION:

“To provide superior, proactive banking services to niche markets

globally, while providing cost-effective, responsive services to others
in our role as a development bank and in so doing, meet the
requirements of our stake holders”.

VISION:

“To become the bank of choice for corporate, medium businesses

and up market retail customers and to provide cost effective
development banking for small business, mass market and rural
markets”.

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Previous Banks that used the name BANK OF INDIA:
At least three banks having the name Bank of India had preceded
the setting up of the present Bank of India.

1. A person named Rama Kishen Dutt setup the first Bank of India

in Calcutta (Now Kolkata) in 1928, but noting more is known

about this bank.

2. The second Bank of India was incorporated in London in the year

1836 as an Anglo – Indian Bank.

3. The third bank named Bank of India was registered in Bombay

(now Mumbai) in the year 1864.

The Current Bank:

The earlier holder’s of the Bank of India name had failed and were
no longer in existence by the time a diverse group of Hindus,
Muslims, Paris, and Jews helped to establish the present Bank of
India in 1906. It was the first bank in India promoted by Indian
interests to serve all the communities of India. At the time, banks in
India were either owned by Europeans and served mainly the
interests of European merchant houses or by different communities
and served the banking needs of their own community.

The promoters incorporated the Bank of India on 7th September,

1906 under Act VI of 1882 with as authorized capital of Rs.1 Crore
Dividend into 1,00,000 shares each of Rs. 100/-. The promoters
placed 55,000 shares privately, and issued 45,000 to the public by

6
way of IPO on 3rd October, 1906 the bank commenced operations
on 1st November, 1906.

The lead promoter of the Bank of India was Sir Sasson J. David
(1849 – 1926). He was a member of the community of Baghdadi
Jews, which was notable for its history of social services and
included the Sassons. He was a prudent banker, and remained the
Chief Executive of the bank from its founding in 1906 until his death
in 1926.

The first board of directors of the bank consisted of Sir Sassoon

David, Sir Cowasjee Jehangir, J. Cowasjee Jehangior, Sir Frederick
Leigh Croft, Ratanjee Dadabhoy Tata, Gordhandas khattau,
Lalubhai Jamaldas, Khetsely Khiasey, Ramnarian Hurnundrai,
Tenerrayen Hindoomull Dani, Noordin Ebrahim Noordin.

1906: Founded with Head Office in Mumbai.

1921: Bank of India entered into an agreement with the Bombay

Stock Exchange to manage its clearing house.

1964: Bank of India opened the branch in London the first Indian
Bank to do so. This was also the first post- WWII Overseas
branch of any Indian Bank.

1950: Bank of India opened branches in Tokyo and Osaka.

1951: Bank of India opened a branch in Singapore.

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1953: Bank of India opened a branch in Kenya and another in
Uganda.

1953/54: Bank of India opened the branch in Aden.

1955: Bank of India opened the branch in Tanganyika.

1960: Bank of India opened the branch in Hong Kong.

1962: Bank of India opened the branch in Nigeria.

1967: The Government of Tanzania Nationalized Bank of India’s

operations in Tanzania and folded them into the Government
owned National Commercial Bank together with Bank of
Baroda and several Foreign banks.

1969: The Government of India nationalized the 14 top banks

including Bank of India. In the same year, the people’s
Democratic republic of Yemen Nationalized Bank of India’s
branch in Aden and the Nigerian and Ugandan Governments
forced Bank of India to incorporate its branches in those
Countries.

1970: National Bank of Southern Yemen incorporated Bank of

India’s branch in Yemen together with those of all the other
banks in the country; this is now National Bank in the
country.

1972: Bank of India sold its Uganda operation to Bank of Baroda.

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1973: Bank of India opened a rep in Jakarta.

1974: Bank of India opened a branch in Paris. This was the first
branch of an Indian bank in Europe.

1976: The Nigerian Government acquired 60% of the shares in

Bank of India (Nigeria).

1978: Bank of India opened a branch in New York.

1979: Bank of India opened an agency in San Francisco.

1980: Bank of India(Nigeria) LTD; changed its name to Allied Bank

of Nigeria.

1986: Bank of India acquired Paravur Central Bank in Kerala in a

rescue.

1987: Bank of India took over the three UK branches of Central

Bank of India (CBI). CBI had been caught up in the Sethia
fraud and default and the Reserve Bank of India required it to
transfer its branches.

2003: Bank of India opened a representative offices in Shenzhen.

2005: Bank of India opened a representative office in Vietnam.

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2006: Bank of India plans to upgrade the Shenzhen and Vietnam
representative offices to branches and to open
representative offices in Beijing, Doha & Johannes – Burg.
In addition, Bank of India plans to establish a branch in
Antwerp and a subsidiary in Dares- Salaam, marking its
return to Tanzania after 37 years.

2007: Bank of India acquired 76% of Indonesia based PT Bank

Swadeshi.

DEVELOPMENT:

Beginning with one office in Mumbai, with a paid-up capital of Rs.50

Lakhs and 50 employees the bank has made a rapid growth over
the years and Blossomed into a mighty institutions with a strong
national presence and sizable international operations. In business
volume, the bank occupies a premier position among the
nationalized banks.

The bank has 2600 branches in India spread over all states/union
territories including 93 specialized branches. These branches are
controlled through 48 zonal offices. There are 23 branches/offices
abroad. The bank came out with its maiden public issues in 1997.
Total number of shareholders as on 30.09.2005 is 2,55,373.

While firmly adhering to a policy of prudence and caution, the bank

has been in the forefront of introducing various innovative services &
systems. Business has been conducted with the successful blend of
traditional values and ethics and the most modern infrastructure.

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The bank has been the first among the nationalized banks to
establish a fully computerized branch and ATM facility at the
Mahalaxmi Branch at Mumbai way back in 1989. The bank is also a
founder member of SWIFT IN INDIA. It pioneered the introduction of
the health code system in 1982, for evaluating/rating its credit
portfolio.

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 CHAPTER-3
SOCIAL BANKING-
THEORETICAL VIEW

INTRODUCTION:
The ‘social banking’ policies being followed by the country resulted
in widening the ‘geographical spread and functional reach’ of
commercial banks in rural area in the period that followed the
nationalization of banks (Shetty, 1997). Despite having a wide
network of rural bank branches in India which implemented
specific poverty alleviation programs that sought creation of self
employment opportunities through bank credit, a very large
number of the poorest of the poor continued to remain outside the
fold of the formal banking systems (NABARD, 1999). Social
banking policies made appreciable achievement in shifting the
commercial banks focus from ‘class banking’ to ‘mass banking’ but
their achievement is very poor in taking the commercial banks
focus to the ‘poorest of the poor’.
The Government of India has accorded a high priority for the
development of vocations in unorganized sectors to bring them up
in to the mainstream of the national life. Banks and financial
institutions are naturally expected to act as Government’s
agencies for such economic change. Commercial banks are
required to earmark a portion of their advances exclusively for
financing these priority avocations. Borrowers in priority sector are
given preferential treatment while lending. Interest rates are lower,
security norms are relaxed, margins are confessional and period of
repayment is relaxed. The Government has adopted a planned

12
approach to the problem with the introduction of schemes like 20-
point economic program, Integrated Rural Development Program
(IRDP) and National Rural Employment Program (NREP) etc.

INTENSIFICATION OF PRIORITY SECTIONS:

Priority sectors are Identification by National Credit Council. The
finance minister of Central Government is the chairman of this
Council and the Governor of Reserve Bank of India is the vice-
chairman.

SEGMENTS OF PRIORITY SECTOR:

The following is a list of the segments forming the Priority Sector:
a) AGRICULTURE:-
 Direct Finance to Farms for Agricultural purposes:
i. Short-term loan for raising crops i.e. for crop loans:

In addition, advances up to Rs.10 Lakh to farmers

against pledge /hypothecation of agricultural produce
(including warehouse receipts) for a period not
exceeding 12 months, where the farmers were given
crop loans for raising the produce, provided the
borrowers draw credit from one bank.
ii. Medium and long-term loans:
a) Purchase of agricultural implements and
machinery.
b) Development of irrigation potential.
c) Reclamation and Land Development
Schemes.
d) Construction of farm buildings and structures.
e) Construction and running of storage facilities.

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 f) Production and processing of hybrid seeds for
crops.
g) Payment of irrigation charges.

 Indirect Finance To Agriculture:

i. Credit for financing the distribution of fertilizers,
pesticides, seeds etc.
ii. Loans up to Rs.40 lakhs granted for financing
distribution of inputs for the allied activities such as,
cattle feed, poultry feed, etc.
iii. Loans to Electricity Boards for reimbursing the
expenditure already incurred by them for providing
Low Tension connection from step-down point to
individual farmers for energizing their wells.
iv. Loans to SEB are for Systems Improvement
Scheme Under Special Project Agriculture (SISPA).
v. Loans to farmers through PACS, FSS and LAMPS.
vi. Deposits held by the banks in RIDF maintained
with NABARD.
vii. Subscription to bonds issued by Rural
Electrification Corporation (REC) exclusively for
financing pump set energisation program in rural
and semi- urban areas and also for financing
System Improvement Program (SI-SPA).
viii. Subscription to bonds issued by NABARD for
financing exclusively agriculture/allied activities.

b) SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY:

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 A working definition of Small Scale Unit was first evolved in
the year 1955 where after review was undertaken from time
to time and presently the investment ceiling for SSI is Rs.100
lac wef December 24, 1999. Units which had obtained
permanent registration (i.e. investment up to Rs.3 core) prior
to December 1999 notification would continue to be regarded
as Small Scale Industries. Government increased the
investment ceiling from Rs.1 cr to Rs.5 cr.

c) TINY UNITS:
The small sale units engaged in manufacturing,
processing, preservation of goods, mining, quarrying,
servicing and repairing of specified type of machinery
and equipment, agro service units, where the investment
in plant and machinery does not exceeds Rs.25 lac.

d) SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES :

An undertaking which is engaged or is proposed to be
engaged in the manufacturing of production of parts,
components, sub-assemblies, tooling or intermediates
or the rendering of services and undertaking supplies or
proposes to supply or renders not more than 50% of its
production or service, as the case may be, to one or
more other industrial undertakings and whose
investment in fixed assets in plant and machinery,
whether held on ownership terms or on lease or on hire
purchase, does not exceed Rs.100 lac.

e) ARTISANS,VILLAGE AND COTTAGE INDUSTRY:

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 It is defined as Artisans or small industrial activities in
villages and small towns with a population not exceeding
50,000, involving utilization of locally available natural
resources and / or human skills were individual credit
requirements do not exceeds Rs.50000/-. Cottage
Industry is run by family members on full or part time
basis. It possesses negligible capital investment. There
is hand made production and no wage earning person is
employed in cottage industry. The industries established
in rural areas having population below 10000 and
having less than Rs.50000 as fixed capital investment
per worker are termed village industries and KVIC
provide economic and technical assistance in
establishment and operation of such industries.

f) RETAIL TRADE:
Advances granted to retail traders dealing in essential
commodities and consumer co-operative stores and
private retail traders with credit limits not exceeding
Rs.10 lacs.

g) SMALL ROAD AND WATER TRANSPORT OPERATOR:

i. Advances to small road and water transport operators
owing a fleet of vehicles not exceeding 10 vehicles,
including the one proposed to be financed.
ii. Advances to NBFC’s for on-lending to truck operators
and SRWTO’s other than truck operators satisfying the
eligibility criteria. Also, portfolio purchasers from NBFCs
made after 31.07.98 would also qualify for inclusion

16
 under priority sector lending, provided the portfolio
purchases relate to SRWTOs satisfying priority sector
norms.

h) PROFESSIONAL AND SELF EMPLOYED PERSONS:

i. Loans to professional and self-employed persons
include loans for the purpose of purchasing repairing or
renovating equipment including computer for
professional use and/or business premises or tools
and/or for working capital requirements to medical
practitioners such as Dentists, Chartered Accountants,
practicing company secretary, Lawyers, Engineers,
Architects, Surveyors, or Management Consultants,
accredited freelancer journalists ,cameramen, persons
running health centre or to a person trained in any other
art or craft who holds either a degree or diploma from
any institutions established, aided, or recognized by
Government or to a person who is considered by the
Bank as technically qualified or skilled in the field in
which he is employed.
The following will also be eligible for classification under
this item:
1. The term also includes firms and joint ventures
of such professional and self-employed persons. This
category will include all advances granted by the bank
under special schemes, if any, introduced for the
purpose.
2. Only such professional and self-employed
persons whose borrowings do not exceed Rs.10 lakhs of

17
 which not more than Rs.2 lakhs should be for working
capital requirements, are covered under this category.
However, in the case of professionally qualified medical
practitioners, setting up of practice in semi-urban and
rural areas, the borrowing limits should not exceed
Rs.15 lakhs with a sub-selling of Rs.3 lakhs for working
capital requirements. Advances granted for purchase of
one motor vehicle to professional and self-employed
persons other than qualified medical practitioners will not
be included under the priority sector.

i) EDUCATION LOAN SCHEME:

Courses eligible for studies:
 In India: All kinds of education in India.

 Abroad: Graduation, Post graduation, Courses

conducted by CIMA- London, CPA in USA etc.
 Eligibility: Indian National
having secured admission to professional/technical
courses through Entrance Test/Selection process
secured admission to foreign university / Institutions.
There are no minimum marks criteria.
 Quantum of Finance: Need
based subject to repaying capacity of parent/ student.
 Studies in India: Maximum Rs.7.50 lacs.

 Studies abroad: Maximum Rs.15 lacs.

 Collateral Security: No security

may be insisted up on for loans up to Rs.7.50 lacs.
Parents would be co- obligates.

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  Moratorium: Course period plus one year or six
months after getting job whichever is earlier.
 Repayment: 5-7 years after commencement
of re- payment. The accrued interest during the
repayment holiday period to be added to the principal
and repayment in Equated Monthly Installment (EMI)
fixed. Half percentage interest concession may be
provided for loaners if the interest is serviced during
the study period when repayment holiday is specified
for interest/ repayment under the scheme.

l) STATE SPONSERED ORGANISATION FOR

SCHEDULED CASTE / SCHEDULED TRIBES:
Advances sanctioned to such organizations for the
specific purpose of purchase and supply of inputs to and
/or the marketing of the outputs of the beneficiaries of
these organizations.

m) WEAKER SECTION PRIORITY SECTOR:

The concept of weaker sections under priority sector
was introduced as per recommendations of Krishna
swami Committee (1980). It comprises:-
• Small and marginal
farmers with land holding of 5 acres and less and
landless laborers, tenant farmers and share
croppers.
• Artisans, village and cottage industries where
individual credit limits do not exceed Rs.50,000/-

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 • Beneficiaries of Swarnjayanti Gram Swarojgar
Yojana(SGSY)
• Schedule caste and schedule tribes.
• Beneficiaries of Differential Rate of Interest (DRI)
scheme.
• Beneficiaries under Swarna Jayanti Sahari
Rojgar Yojana(SJSRY)
• Beneficiaries under Scheme for Liberation and
Rehabilitation of Scavengers (SLRS).
• Advances to Self Help Groups including NGOs
for on-lending purposes.
• Loans to distressed urban poor to prepay their
debt to non-institutional lenders.

FINANCIAL INCLUSION:
The availability of banking and payment services to all
sections of Indian population without discrimination is
the prime objective of the public policy. Financial
inclusion means the delivery of banking services at an
affordable cost to the vast sections of disadvantaged
and low income groups.

Consequences of Financial Exclusion:

Consequences of financial exclusion vary, depending on

the nature and extent of services denied. It may lead to
increased travel requirements, higher incidence of crime,
general decline in investment, difficulties in gaining

20
 access to credit or getting credit from informal sources at
exorbitant rates, increased unemployment etc. The small
business may suffer due to loss of access to middle
class and higher-income consumers, higher cash
handling costs, delays in remittances of money.
According to certain researches, financial exclusion can
lead to social exclusion.

INDIAN SCENARIO & FINANCIAL INCLUSION:

Bank nationalization in India and creation of RRBs

marked a paradigm shift in the focus of banking from
class banking to mass banking. Resultantly, the number
of branches increased from 8321 in the year 1969 to
68,282 branches as at the end of March 2005 and
average population per branch office decreased from
64,000 to 16,000. There are still under-banked States.

DIFFERENT SCHEMES PROVIDED UNDER SOCIAL

BANKING:
 LAGHU UDHAMI CREDIT CARD SCHEME:
 The objective is to provide hassle-free
credit facilities to small business retail traders,
artisans, professionals, self employed persons and
small industrial units.
 Existing customers with a satisfactory
track record with working capital limits up to Rs. 10
lacs for the last three years are eligible for card.

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  The Credit card limits are fixed at 20% of
the annual turnover declared for tax purposes in the
case of artisans, businessmen, traders, and small
entrepreneurs, while for the self employed.
 In case of professionals, it is 50% of the
gross annual income.
 Maximum per party credit limit is Rs.10
lacs.
 The credit limit will be valid for three years
and the bank will conduct internal reviews annually
and enhancement of the limit will happen based on
the operations.

 SWAROJGAR CREDIT SCHEME:

 Objectives: To provide adequate / timely credit ,i.e.,
working capital or block capital or both to small
artisans, handloom weavers, service sector,
fishermen, self employed persons, rickshaw owners,
other micro entrepreneurs etc. in a flexible, hassle
free and cost effective manner.
 Nature of financial accommodation: Composite
loan including term loan (repayable 5 years)/revolving
cash credit.
 Ceiling: Rs 25,000 based on initial investment in
fixed assets and/or working capital
requirement/recurring expenditure. (banks have
discretion to enhance this limit beyond Rs.25,000).
 Validity and issue :

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 • Valid for five years and could be renewed on a
yearly basis.
• SHGs may also be issued cards in their name.
They would be liable jointly and severally for
repayment.
 Renewal of working capital limits: Annual renewal
based on the amount credited to the cash credit
account/repayment performance in term loan
account.
• The revolving cash credit for working
capital repaid within 12 months may be
renewed.
• No withdrawal should be permitted if
revolving cash credit remains outstanding for
more than twelve months.
 Insurance: Beneficiaries would automatically be
covered under the group insurance scheme and the
premium would be shared by the bank and the
borrower equally.
 Security / Margin / Interest / Prudential Norms:
Security, margin, rate of interest and prudential
norms would be applicable as per the Reserve
Bank’s norms.

 NATIONAL EQUITY FUND:

To provide equity type support to small entrepreneurs for
their projects, a fund entitled National Equity Fund is
being administered by Small Industries Bank of India in
participation with the Government.

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 Eligible concerns:
• New as well as existing entrepreneurs in
the tiny and SSI sector and service industry are
eligible for assistance.
• Sanction of refinance in respect of term
loan for the projects by SIDBI is a pre-requisite for
equity type assistance under the scheme.
• The complete requirement of the project in
the form of equity assistance, the term loan and
working capital will be provided by one agency i.e.
the nationalized bank/SFCs.

 KVIC’S MARGIN MONEY SHEME:

GRAMODYOG ROJGAR SCHEME: Scheme introduced
during July 1997 with the objective of improving
employment in rural areas and check migration to urban
area now called Gramodyog Rojgar (REGP).Scheme is
operated through public sector banks and RRBs.
Purpose: To start industrial activity in rural area in which
fixed capital investment per head of an artisan or a
worker does not exceed Rs.50,000/- thus generating
employment.
Eligible projects: Viable village industry projects set up
in rural areas (population criteria up to 2000 or area
declare as village by state Government)
Eligible borrowers: individuals and institutions co-op.
societies trust registered with KVIC/KVIB (not a
partnership firm) for projects up to Rs.25 lakhs.

24
 Borrower’s contribution: 10% of project cost in case of
SC /ST and other weaker section 5%.
BANK FINANCE: 90% of the project cost for General
Category beneficiary and 95% of the project cost-
Weaker Section beneficiary. Project can also be
financed by the Bank in the form of Composite Loan.

 REVISED KISSAN CREDIT SCHEME:

Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme was introduced in
banks in August 1998 on the lines of Model Scheme
prepared by NABARD on RV Gupta committee
recommendations. In order to cover term loans and
agriculture and allied activities, NABARD has revised the
Model KCC Scheme (called Scheme to cover Tem
Loans for Agriculture & Allied Activities under KCC), the
details of which are provided as under:
Objectives: The scheme aims at providing adequate
and timely credit for the comprehensive credit
requirements of farmers under single window, including
the short – term credit needs and a reasonable
component for consumption needs, through Kisan Credit
Card.
Participating Bank: All Commercial banks RRBs, State
Co-Operative banks PACS/DCCBs and Scheduled
Primary Cooperative Banks.
Nature of financial accommodation: Term loan and
revolving cash credit.
Quantum of limit: Short term credit limit for crops term
loan and working capital limit for agriculture and allied

25
activities etc, based on the unit cost of the assets
proposed to be acquired by the farmer. Banks may at
their discretion build in, a component of consumption
credit, keeping in view the family labour, while fixing the
overall ceiling amount under the card.
Validity period of KCC: Coinciding with the introduction
of term loan facility under KCC, the validity of KC Card
may be extended from 3 years as at present to 5 years.

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27