This document summarizes a paper presented by Prof. Rina Cohen on Israelis abroad from a transnational migration perspective. It discusses two frameworks - the Zionist perspective that views Israelis abroad as temporary sojourners, and the transnational migration perspective that sees them as establishing permanent lives abroad. Data from interviews with Israelis in Canada from 1991-2010 show they have strong ongoing relationships with both Israel and the local Jewish community through culture, business and visits. The future relationship likely depends on continued Israeli migration to Canada and integration may increase over generations.
This document summarizes a paper presented by Prof. Rina Cohen on Israelis abroad from a transnational migration perspective. It discusses two frameworks - the Zionist perspective that views Israelis abroad as temporary sojourners, and the transnational migration perspective that sees them as establishing permanent lives abroad. Data from interviews with Israelis in Canada from 1991-2010 show they have strong ongoing relationships with both Israel and the local Jewish community through culture, business and visits. The future relationship likely depends on continued Israeli migration to Canada and integration may increase over generations.
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This document summarizes a paper presented by Prof. Rina Cohen on Israelis abroad from a transnational migration perspective. It discusses two frameworks - the Zionist perspective that views Israelis abroad as temporary sojourners, and the transnational migration perspective that sees them as establishing permanent lives abroad. Data from interviews with Israelis in Canada from 1991-2010 show they have strong ongoing relationships with both Israel and the local Jewish community through culture, business and visits. The future relationship likely depends on continued Israeli migration to Canada and integration may increase over generations.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Paper Delivered at the 1st World Council of Israelis Abroad on January 18, 2011
G ^ionist Perspective G Transnational Migration Perspective u
@sraelis abroad = Sojourners
G Motivation: overstaying university programs, business opportunities, visits, relief from stress G underestimating the size of emigration G assuming temporariness G assuming eventual return G explain why both the larger Jewish community and the State of @srael overlook the experience of diasporic @sraelis u
G -oluntary migration (rather than forced)
G Assuming permanency G Motivated mainly by economic factors G Frequent home visits G Extensive consumption of @sraeli goods and cultural products G Property ownership in the homeland G Consequently: the emergence of a transnational community, distinct form both ± the @sraelis in @srael and the Jews in the hosting countries u
G Cultivates the Myth of Return, conducive to
cultural retention G Speaking Hebrew, consuming @sraeli culture G Typical to 1st and 2nd generation G Facilitates successful adaptation G Functional in achieving migrant integration into the larger Jewish community u
G Multiculturalism policies (ex: heritage language)
G @nternational human rights regimes (ex: international treaties, programs for non-citizens) G Superior social services G Enhanced technology (comm., T-, flights) G A pro-@srael government, especially Harper G Strong Jewish community (high institutional completeness) which is decidedly pro-@srael G Example of a video produced in Canada: http://www.aish.com/v/is/90073102.html J
a) 1991-94: 69 interviewees with professionals &
business people
b) 1996-98: 20 interviews with @sraeli Students (2nd
generation)
c) 2009-10: 6 interviews with community leaders, PO
& content analysis of 61 issues of £
Motivation to migrate
G Earlier migrants: went abroad and ³got stuck´
G Recent migrants: planed to leave, mainly in search of economic
opportunities and feeling that @srael became too corrupted
G Both early and later migrants: combination of professionals (brain
drain) who come with families, business people and also young, mainly males, who are unskilled or semi-skilled and unemployed
G @n the 70s and 80s- stigmatization
G @n late 80s ± recession and @ntifada in @srael (18% inflation) G Since the mid 90s ± economic growth, increased standard of living G Oslo Peace Accord G Over 1 million highly educated immigrants G 20% increase in population G Development of @T (start-up nation) require global recruitment of professionals G Late 90s recruitment of expatriates. G De-stigmatization of ÷
¦
!
G >lobal collapse of high tech industries
G September 11 G Second @ntifada G 17% shrinkage in the @sraeli economy G The attitude towards @sraelis abroad more tolerant & embracing; For political reasons even consideration of granting voting power (which is expected to strengthen the @sraeli right) G October 2009 ± launching of a global survey http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sNkARNQo_zM G January 2011- World Council of @sraelis Abroad
"
"
#
$
G Parallel to the relationships with the State
G Up to mid 90s ± not much attention G @n the late 90s- first attempts to integrate @sraelis G 2004- UJA conducted a needs study G October 2004- Tzofim G Fall 2005 ± The @sraeli Forum of Canada G 2007 ± @
÷ £
%
G Proliferation of Hebrew speaking chapters in Jewish
organizations G @sraeli synagogues G @sraeli businesses (restaurants, cleaners, insurance companies, grocery stores, garages & body shops, butchers, bakeries, hotels, jewellery stores and more) G @sraeli radio, T- station & newspapers G @sraeli youth movements, book clubs, senior clubs, theatre, school, choir, cultural events, dance clubs etc. J
G transnationalism from below
G @sraeli @ndependence Day ± celebrated by the @sraeli community in 2006 & 2007 on Sundays rather then on calendar dates which were what the larger Jewish community used. G Attempts to maintain difference
G Anti emigration (or ^ionist) perspective is no longer suited
G Transnational migration perspective is a better explanatory framework G Canada¶s special characteristics contribute to the mainstreaming of the @sraeli transnational community G ³Transnationality from above´ is on the rise since the State and the Jewish Community are essential in crystallizing an organized community G Simultaneously, as the flow of ³fresh migrants´ from @srael continues ± ³transnationalism from below´ continues to flourish ¦ ##
G As long as @sraelis continue to migrate to Canada in growing
numbers, the intense level of transnationality is likely to strengthen. G Rather then requiring complete incorporation by either @srael or the local community, @sraelis in Canada, or at least in Toronto, are establishing and strengthening their own distinct community. G @n case this stream of migration slows down, the @sraeli community is likely, in a generation or two, to completely integrate in the general Jewish community. G Either way ± the Myth of Return is still alive.. ʭʩʬʹʥʸʩʡ ʤʠʡʤ ʤʰʹʡ
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