PHILOSOPHICAL AND

THEORETICAL
FOUNDATION OF
NURSING
The Philippine Perspective
Group 4
Filipino Nurse Theorist and
Their Works

● Sis. Letty G. Kuan RN,RGC, EdD

● Dr. Carmencita M. Abaquin RN,MN,PhD
● Ma. Irma C. Bustamante RN,PhD
● Elsie Antipora-Tee RN,MAN,PhD
● Ma. Imelda T. Ocampo-Javier RN,MAN
Dissertation of Dr. Letty G. Kuan
“ Retirement and Role Discontinuities”

Conceptual Model Determination of Fruitful Aging

● Prepared Retirement
● Health Status
● Income
● Family constellation
● Self-preparation

Outcome Fruitful
Retirement Change of life Retirement and
Role discontinuities Aging
Basic Assumptions and Concepts

● Physiological Age – Is the endurance of cell and tissue to

withstand the wear and tear phenomenon of the human body.
● Role – refers to the sets of shared expectations focused upon
particular position.
● Change of life – is the period of near retirement and post
retirement , in medico-physiologic terms this equates with the
climatic period of adjustment and readjustment to another tempo
of life.
● Retiree – is an individual who has left the position occupied
for the past years of productive life because he ha reached the
prescribed retirement age or has completed the required years of
service.
● Role discontinuity – is the interruption in the line of status
enjoyed or role performed, the interruption may be brought about
by an accident, emergency and change in position and retirement
●Coping Approaches - refers to the interventions or measures
applied to solve a problematic situation or state in order to
restore equilibrium.
Findings and Recommendations

• Health status dictates the capacities and the type of role one takes both
for the present and for the future.
• Family constellation is a positive index regarding retirement positively
and also in reacting to role discontinuity.
• Income has a high correlation with both the perception of retirement
and reactions toward role discontinuities.
• Work status goes hand in hand with economic security that
generates decent compensation.
• Self-preparation which are said to be both therapeutic and
recreational in essence pays its worth in old age.
• To cope with the changes one must cultivate interest in recreational
activities to channel feelings of depression or isolation and facing
realities through confrontation with some issues.
• To perceive retirement positively, it requires early socialization of
the various roles we take in life.
• Government agency to construct holistic pre-retirement preparation
program which will take care of the retiree’s finances, psychological,
emotional and social needs.
• Retirement should be recognized as the fulfillment of every individual’s
birthright and must be lived meaningfully.
Dissertation of Carmencita M. Abaquin
“ PREPARE ME ” Interventions and Quality of Life of
Advance Progressive Ca Patients
Holistic Nursing
Intervention
PREPARE ME
• presence Symptoms relief
• reminisce therapy Quality of Life
Conceptual Model • prayer
• relaxation activities
• meditation
• value classification

Terminally Ill Pt.

Physical
Psychological
Social
Religious
Level of
Independence
Environment
Spiritual
Basic Assumptions and Concepts

PREPARE ME (Holistic Nursing Intervention) are provided to

address the multi-dimensional problems of cancer pt. that can be given
in any setting where pt. choose to be confined. This program
emphasizes a holistic approach to nursing care. PREPARE ME has the
ff. components:
• Presence- being the pt during times of need. Includes
TC, active listening and touch.
• Reminisce Therapy- recall of past experieces,
feelings and thoughts to facilitate adaptation to
present circumstances.
• Relaxation, breathing- tech to encourage and elicit
relaxation for the purpose of ↓ undesirable s/s such as
pain etc…
• Meditation- encourages an elicit form of ralaxation for
the purpose of altering pt.’s level of awareness.
• Value clarification- assisting another indi. To clarify
his own values about health and illness in order to
facilitate effective decision making skills.
 Through this, the pt. develops an open mind that will
facilitate acceptance of disease state or may help
deepen or enhance values. The process of value
clarification helps one become internally consistent by
achieving closer between what we do and what we
feel.
• Quality of life- is a multifaceted construct that
encompasses the indi.’s capacities and abilities
with an aim of enriching life when it can’t longer
be prolonged. This include proper care of body,
mind and spirit to maintain integrity of the whole
person despite limitations brought by the
present situation. .
Findings and Recommendations

• Terminally-ill pt. require hokistic approach of

nursing that encompasses the different aspect
of man.
• PREPARE ME interventions are said to be effective in
improving the quality of life of Ca pt.
• The utilization of the intervention as a basic part of
care given to Ca pt is recommended as well as the
incorporation of the intervention in th ebasic nursing
curriculum in the care of these pt. The said PREPARE
ME intevention must be introduced and focus during
training both in the academe practice.
• Development of training prog. for care providers as
well as health care professional where intervention is a
part of treatment modalities.
• For pt. an honest view and feedback regarding their
illness and mngt and obtaining their perceptions can
lead to improvement of services and communication
between pt. with advanced progressive Ca their
families and health team.
• Supportive environment where pt with advanced
progressive Ca can attain dignity of dying with peace
while their families are given the necessary support
they need to cope up with.
Ma. Irma C. Bustamante
“ Towards the Enhancement of Self-Esteem for the
Filipino Abused Women”

• Her study attempted to explore the woman’s

perceptions of womanhood and self-esteem.
• She tested an intervention measure, the Nursing Self-
Esteem Enhancement Program (NurSE) to enhance
self-esteem so that in the end, women may take action
and tend for themselves.
Basic Assumptions and Concepts

• Recognition of the fact that women are oppressed,

which necessitates an examination of the reasons
for oppression in order that changes can be made.
• The personal is political, which acknowledges and
accepts the value of women’s experiences.
• Consciousness raising, which results in alternative
views of the world from a woman’s perspective.
Findings and Recommendations

• From the findings of the study, can conclude that

women perceive womanhood as being a good mother
and a good wife
• to them they hold the traditional view that man has the
higher status in the society.
• Culture and society has have a very strong influence on
the role that woman play, their status in the society and
their perception of violence, since violence has been
culturally tolerated.
• the woman self-esteem were not dependent on the
woman’s perception on their roles and their status in the
society.
Elsie Antipora-Tee
“ Caring Behavior in Nursing Education: A
Quantitative and Phenomenological Approach”

• Nurses then can be seen as medium or sources of caring.

• This attitude must begin as early as possible and it is
important that students of nnursing must be able to receive
and show it.
• The faculty may teach carative traits to students without
emphasizing and demonstrating them. If a nurse has
experienced caring he will develop carative traits without
much effort.
Basic Assumptions and Concepts

There are four independent variables of care perception

• Authentic response
• Sharing of self
• Emotional support
• Competence
Findings and Recommendations
• there is a marked diff in level of caring behavior as seen by
the faculty, pt. and students in the four domain/variables of care
perception.
• caring behavior specifically those grouped under the four
perceptions of care are manifested in nursing education through
interactions with pt. students and faculty.
• not all subject show the same level of caring behavior.
• clarification of standards of performance and expectations
must be established since the participants do not show the
same degree of caring behavior.
• a comparative study between sectarian and non-sectarian
schools should be done to determine levels of caring; module
must be tested before implementation by no less than
deans/administrator of nursing.
• an annual in-service training is highly recommended and it
should focus on caring behavior amidst the fast turnover of
faculty members.
Ma. Imelda T. Ocampo-Javier
EFFECT OF H.E.L.P FOR M.O.M.S
“A structured Health Education Program for Pregnant
Clients”
• the study is conducted to determine the effectiveness of
program in preparing pregnant mothers both physical and
psychological for the coming childbirth.
• it consist of 2 variables
→ physiological
→ psychological
• the study is significant to nursing practice and education coz
it helps the nurse to provide a concrete structured basis for
instruction.
Findings and Recommendations
• a structured health education program with well-prepared
client’s capacity for self-efficacy. Therefore H.E.L.P for M.O.M.S
is effective in increasing the mother’s preparedness in giving
birth, both in physiological and psychological.
• it is recommended that the program be made a vital component
of the health education for pregnant women