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AvgrR%S;A31AoD< 2011 13 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA March 31, 2011


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AvgrR%S;A31AoD< 2011 19 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA March 31, 2011


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AvgrR%S;A31AoD< 2011 20 AAAAAAAA March 31, 2010


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AvgrR%S;A31AoD< 2011 21 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA March 31, 2011


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AvgrR%S;A31AoD< 2011 23 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA March 31, 2011


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AvgrR%S;A31AoD< 2011 24 AAAAAAAA March 31, 2010

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