Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Keracunan Obat
Cholinergic syndromes
Anticholinergic syndromes
Sympathomimetic syndromes
Opiate, sedative or ethanol intoxication
The Most Common Toxic Syndromes
Cholinergic syndromes
Common signs Common causes
Confusion
Organophosphate
central nervous system depression
carbamate insecticides
weakness
physostigmine, edrophonium
salivation
some mushrooms
lacrimation
unary
fecal incontinence
gastrointestinal craping
emesis
diaphoresis
muscle fasciculations
pulmonary edema
miosis
bradycardia
tachycardia
seizures
The Most Common Toxic Syndromes
Anticholinergic syndromes
Sympathomimetic syndromes
Delusions Cocaine
Paranoia amphetamine
Tachycardia (or brandycardia if the methamphetamine (and its derivaties 3,
4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, 3, 4-
drug is a pure alpha-adrenergic agonist)
methylene-dioxymethampetamine, 3,4-
Hypertension methylenedioxyethamphetamine, and 2,
hyperpyrexia 5-dimethoxy-4-bronmoamphetamine)
Diaptoresis over-the-counter decongestants
Piloerection (phenylpropanolamine, ephedrine and
Mydriasis pseudoephedrine)
Hyperreflexia In caffeine and theophyline overdoses,similar
findings, except for the organic psychiatric
(Seizures, hypotension
signs, result from catecholamine release
dysrhythmias may occur in severe cases)
The Most Common Toxic Syndromes
Opiate, sedative or ethanol intoxication
Coma Narcotics
respiratory depression barbiturates
miosis benzodiazepines
hypotension ethchlorvynol
brandycardia glutethimide
hypothermia methyprylon
pulmonary edema methaqualone
decreased bowel sounds hyporeflexia meprobamate
needle marks ethanol
(Seizures may occur after overdoses of some clonidine
narcotic, notably propoxyphene) guanabenz
Penatalaksanaan Keracunan Amfetamin
Agitasi Koagulopati
Hipertensi Rabdomiolisis
Takikardi Aritmi
Midriasis Kejang
Trismus Gagal Ginjal
Diaporesis Sampai Gejala Berat
Hipertermi
Keracunan Barbiturat
Barbiturat
1. obat hipnotik
2. sedatif
Behavioral / Psychological
Risk Factors
Organ Systems
Risk Factors
Cellular
Risk Factors
Molecular
Risk Factors
Yang Terjadi Pada
Penyalahgunaan NAPZA
The Opium Poppy
Gambaran NAPZA di RSCM
Dari catatan medik Unit Gawat Darurat
(Dr. Nanang Sukmana,dkk)
= Heroin / Morfin
= Extasy
= Mariyuana /
Cannabis
Perasaan senang
Ramah
Berperilaku diluar karakter
Berperilaku lucu
Daun Ganja Sumber : Drug-ARM.(Awareness and Relief Movement)
Daun Ganja
Sumber : Drug-ARM.(Awareness and Relief Movement)
Ecstasy (Ekstasi)
Komposisi spesifik :
1. MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine)= Ecstasy
2. MDEA (3,4-methylenedioxyethamphetamine)= Eve
3. 2 CB (4-bromo-2,5-methoxyphenylethylamine)
4. Bromo-DMA (4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine)
= Bromo “STP” = DOB
Smoking
Snorting
Sniffing
IV (intra vena)
Reseptor
Opiat
1 2 Endorphin
(endogen morfin)
Mekanisme Kerja Opiat di Otak pada Pengguna
Morfin
Endorphin
(endogen morfin)
Reseptor
Opiat
1 2
Nalokson
Emergensi
Pneumonia
HCV / HIV
PEMAKAI SEHAT
Mata berair
Seperti pilek
Bersin
Keringat banyak
Tangan gemetar
Kulit angsa
CRAVING
= Suges(ti)
INTERNAL CRAVING
≈ endorphin
EXTERNAL
CRAVING
Lebih lama 2 th ( ? )
KEPRIBADIAN ADIKSI
POLA ENDORPHIN DI SSP
MCI / SAKIT HEBAT
TRAUMA
Morfin
Endorphin
SAKIT KANKER
HIV
Terjadinya :
a. Aspirasi
b. Multiple, Cavitary lung lesion
associated with pulmonary
emboli
c. Community acquired
bronchopneumonia
d. Pulmonary abcesses
e. TBC
Pneumonia
Drug
Abuse
Cardiovascular infection
Cukup istirahat
Hindari konsumsi alkohol, narkoba
Hindari pemakaian obat-obat yang tidak diperlukan (obat pusing, dll)
Makan makanan yang bergizi
Konsultasi rutin dengan dokter
Cellulitis abscesses
Skin ulcers
Septic thrombophlebitis
Necrotizing fascitis & myositis
Hematologi :
Trombositopenia
( Yang berfluktuasi )
Thrombosis
ACA
1. CVD
2. DVT
Protozoa
Adverse effect of Mood-Altering on pregnancy and the newborn
Amphetamines + +
Barbiturates + +
Sedative
Tranquilizers
+ + + +
Heroin + + + + + ++
Prinsip Penatalaksanaan Kasus
Keracunan
Penatalaksanaan kegawatan
Penilaian Klinis
Dekontaminasi racun
Pemberian antidotum
Terapi suportif
Observasi dan konsultasi
Rehabilitasi
Koma
Kejang
Henti jantung
Henti napas
Syok
Kodein 0,8 60
Dextrometorphan 0,5 60-120/day
Heroin 0,2 4
Loperamid (imodium) 0,5
Meperidin (petidin) 1 100
Morpin 0,2 10
Naloxone (Narcan, Nokoba)*)
Opium 0,3
(Papaver somniferum) 0,3
Pentazocaine (Talwin)
Amfetamin 2 hari
Barbiturat 1 hari (short acting)
3 minggu (long acting)
Benzidiazepin 3 hari
Kokain 2 - 4 hari
Kodein 2 hari
Heroin 1 - 2 hari
Methadone 3 hari
Morpin 2 - 5 hari