Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A presentation
by
A.V. Vedpuriswar
SUPPLY CHAIN
MANAGEMENT
• Value Chain
• Supply side- raw materials, inbound
logistics and production processes
• Demand side- outbound logistics,
marketing and sales.
WHAT IS SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
Schedule / Stock
Conversion Delivery
Resources Deployment
– MATERIAL FLOWS
– INFORMATION FLOWS
– FINANCIAL FLOWS
• SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IS
FACILITATED BY :
– PROCESSES
– STRUCTURE
– TECHNOLOGY
• Supply chain serves two functions:
– Physical
– Market mediation
• Supply chain objectives may differ from
situation to situation.
• For functional products, cost efficiency is
the critical factor.
• For innovative products, responsiveness
is the important factor.
• Leanness + Agility together make up
Leagility
Supply Chain Structure
Raw Materials
Finished Goods
Information Flow
Supply Chain and Demand Chain
• Shipment Scheduling
Operational • Resource Scheduling
• Short Term Planning (Weekly,Daily)
• Supply Chain Goals
Compression (Planning/Manufacturing/Supply)
Conformance (Forecasts/Plans/Distribution)
Co-operation (Cross -Functional)
Communication (Real Time Data)
• Functional vs Process
• Products vs Customers
• Revenues vs Performance
• Inventory vs Information
• Transactions vs Relationships
Critical Success Factors today
Conventional functions
• Penetration vs Spread
• Concentration is necessary to commit the
necessary resources for true customer
integration
• Depth of customer contact
– R&D - sharing information vs developing new
products together
– Logistics - Pros and cons of methods of
transportation vs reengineering the logistics
process
Implementation: Points to keep in mind
• Founded in 1906
• Today 35 offices in 20 countries
• 1997 revenues of $ 1.7 billion
• Largest export trading company in Hong
Kong
• Customers- American and European retailers
• Sources clothing and other consumer goods
ranging from toys to fashion accessories to
luggage
• Order from Europe
• Buy yarn from Korea
• Weave and dye in Taiwan
• Buy Japanese zippers made in China
• Make the garments in Thailand in five different
factories
• Pulling apart the value chain and optimizing at
each step
• Victor Fung
“ Today, assembly is the easy part. The hard part is
managing your suppliers and the flow of parts.“ Good
supply chain management strips away time and cost from
product delivery cycles. Our customers have become
more fashion driven, working with six or seven seasons a
year instead of just two or three. Once you move to
shorter life cycles, the problem of obsolete inventory
increases dramatically. With customer tastes changing
rapidly and markets segmenting into narrow niches, it’s
not just fashion products that are becoming increasingly
time sensitive.”
• Endorsement by Stan Shih, CEO, Acer
• Buying right things
• Reaching into suppliers to ensure that certain
things happen on time and at the right quality
level.
• Buyer informs five weeks before delivery.
• Reserve undyed yarn from yarn supplier.
• Lock up capacity in weaving and dyeing mills.
• Outsourcing not same as leaving suppliers to do the
worrying.
• Single factories are too small to have much buying
power and to demand faster deliveries from
suppliers.
• To shorten delivery cycle, need to go upstream to
organize production.
• Li & Fung able to delay commitment to a particular
fashion trend.
• Integrated logistics management
• Elimination of consolidators in container
shipments
• Smokeless factory
– Design
– Procurement
– Inspection of raw materials
– Production planning
– Line balancing
– Inspection of finished goods
– No worker ownership
– No labour management
“ If we don’t own factories, can we say we are in
manufacturing? Absolutely, because of the 15
steps in the manufacturing value chain, we
probably do 10.”
• Basic operating unit is the division.
• Divisions focused on serving single customers or
groups of small customers.
• Less emphasis on geographic grouping
• Merchandising decisions decentralized
• Financial controls and operating procedures tightly
centralized.
• Strong focus on inventory and working capital
management.
• “As far as I am concerned, inventory is the root of
all evil. At a minimum, it increases the complexity
of managing any business. So it’s a word we don’t
tolerate around here.”
• Need for sophisticated information systems. Li &
Fung working to create a database to
systematically track all supplier relationships.
• “ Someone might steal our database but when
they call up a supplier, they don’t have the long
relationship with the supplier that Li & Fung has. It
makes a difference to suppliers when they know
that you are dedicated to the business, that you
have been honoring your commitments for 90
years.”
• Broadening the middle
• Better prices and better margins for customers
• Tackling the soft $3 in the cost structure. $3
represents the inefficiency in the supply chain for
a consumer product priced at $4. Look at costs
throughout distribution channels than just in
factory
Thank You