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Lecture Contents:
 Projections & Views
 Projection:
the production of a two-dimensional image of a three-
dimensional object

The projection is achieved by the use of imaginary

"projectors".
The projected, mental image becomes our vision of the
desired, finished picture
 Projection types:
Parallel projection
Perspective projection
 Perspective projection
Perspective projection is a type of projection
where three dimensional objects are not
projected along parallel lines, but along lines
emerging from a single point.
This has the effect that distant objects appear
smaller than nearer objects.
Natural
 Perspective projection
 Parallel projection
In parallel projection, the lines of sight from the
object to the projection plane are parallel to each
other.
Unnatural, made for our ease
 Parallel projections
 Parallel vs Perspective
 Parallel vs Perspective
 Types of Perspective projections
Linear perspective
Curvilinear perspective, etc
 Types of Perspective projections
Linear perspective
One point Perspective
Two point Perspective
Three point Perspective

Curvilinear perspective, etc

 One point Perspective
 One point Perspective
 Two point Perspective
 Two point Perspective
 Three point Perspective
 Three point Perspective
 Types of Parallel projections
Oblique projection
Orthographic projection
 Types of Parallel projections
Oblique projection
 Cavalier projection
 Cabinet projection

Orthographic projection
 Oblique projection
One plane of the image is set parallel to the plane of projection.
This creates a true shape image of the chosen plane.
but lengths along z-axis are drawn at angle using a reduction factor
 Types of oblique projection
 Cavalier projection
Full depth, No Z-scaling
 Cabinet projection
Half depth, 0.5 Z-scaling
 General projection
Other depths, other Z-scaling
 Cavalier projection
Cavalier means a horseman
the way the things seen from high point
Full depth, No Z-scaling.
Gives correct perception of depth

 Cabinet projection
Famous in furniture industry
Was used in early video games
Half depth, 0.5 Z-scaling
Easily drawn on paper
 Types of Parallel projections
Oblique projection
Orthographic projection
 Types of Parallel projections
Oblique projection

Orthographic projection
 Multiview Projections
 Axonometric projection
 Orthographic projection (type of Parallel projection )

The word comes from the Greek ʌɽʊʎ (orthos), meaning ͞straight͟
It is a form of parallel projection, where the view direction is orthogonal to the
projection plane
Orthographic Projection gives us a very clear method of communicating ideas
and objects. It is a method that every engineer in the world recognizes.
Because of this we can reproduce any object drawn Orthographically.
 Multiview Projections (type of Orthographic projection )
Multi-view simply means ͞multiple views͟
So we use several 2D views(pictures) of the object instead of a single
view
As it is a type of Orthographic projection so this we need to make
these views at 90 degrees
up to six pictures of an object are produced, with each projection
plane parallel to one of the coordinate axes of the object.
 Multiview Projections (type of Orthographic projection )
 Multiview Projections (type of Orthographic projection )

The Maximum 6 views:

 Multiview Projection Schemes
first-angle projection
third-angle projection
first-angle vs third-angle projection
first-angle vs third-angle projection