Sl. Botanical name & Family English Parts used. Chemical Action Uses.

No. name. Constituents

1 Abelmoschus esculentus, Edible Hibiscus. Immature capsules, Moisture, ether Emollient, diuretic, Leucorrhoea,
W. &A. unripe fruit. extract, aphrodisiac dysuria,
Ladies finger. albuminoids. gonorrheal
Malvaceae cystitis.

2 Abutilon indicum, G.Don

Malvaceae

Country mallow Root, bark, leaves, Mucilage, tannin, Demulcent, laxative, Chest affections,
seeds, fruits organic acid pulmonary sedative piles, leprosy.

3 Achyranthes aspera, Linn Rough chaff tree Herb, leaves, seeds Large percentage Astringent, diuretic, Stomach ache,
root of alkaline ash alterative anti- bowel complaints,
Amarantaceae containing potash periodic piles.

4 Aconitum heterophyllum, wall.

Ranuculaceae

Indian atees Dried tuberous roots Atisine, aconitic Tonic, anti-periodic Dysentery, acute
acid, tannic acid, aphrodisiac inflammatory
starch affections,
diarrhea
5 Acorus calamus, Linn.

Aroideae

Sweet flag Dried rhizome Volatile essential Stimulant, emetic, Diarrhea of

oil, acorin, stomachic, children, colic,
acoretin, carminative dyspepsia,
flatulence.

6 Adhatoda vasika, Nees. Malabar nut Leaves, roots, Essential oil, Expectorant, Chronic
bark. vasicine, antispasmodic, bronchitis,
Acanthaceae. adhatodic acid alterative. asthma, pthisis,
and salts fever with
cough.

7 Aegle maarmelos, Corr.

Rutaceae

Bael fruit Fruit, root-bark, Mucilage, Alterative, Habitual

leaves, rind of the pectin, tannin, astringent, digestive, constipation,
ripe fruit a yellowish stomachic dyspepsia,
green oil called flatulent colic.
marmelosin.

8 Allium cepa, Linn. Onion Bulb and seed Acrid volatile oil Stimulant, diuretic, Colic, catarrh,
which contains aphrodisiac, spleenic
Liliaceae sulphur, demulcent. enlargement,
quercetin. extreme heaty
sensation.

9. Allium sativum, Linn.

Liliaceae.

Garlic Bulb and oil. Acrid volatile Carminative, High blood

oil, starch, emmanogogue, pressure,
mucilage, alterative asthma,
albumen, anthelmintic flatulence,
sugar. elongated
uvula.
10 Aloe barbadensis, Mill

Liliaceae

Indian aloes Expressed and Aloin, emoin, Stomachic, tonic, Acne, burns,
dried juice of isobarbaloin. emmanogogue, chronic ulcers,
leaves and pulp. purgative. piles.

11 Anacardium occidentale, Linn. Cashew nut Fruits, seeds, Acrid brown oil, Alterative, Corns and
spirit, bark and oil. anacardic oil, astringent, delicacy, ulcers, chronic
Anacardiaceae cardol. counter irritant, vomiting,
rubefacient toothache.

12 Ananus sativus, Linn. pineapple Fruits and leaves Bromelin, Purgative, cardio- Hiccup,
protein tonic, abortifacient, jaundice. Cause
Bromeliaceae digestive styptic, vermicide uterine
ferment, milk contractions
curdling and ought to be
ferment, ash. avoided by
pregnant
women.

13 Andrographis pannicuata, Nees.

Acanthaceae

The creat Whole herb Lactone – Stomachic, anti- Intermittent and

andrographolid, pyretic, bactericidal, remittent fevers,
kalmeghin, tonic, febrifuge. griping, loss of
chlorophyle appetite,
splenitis.
14 Annona squamosa, Linn Custard apple Leaves, bark, root, Moisture, Astringent, tonic, Short fits of
seeds and fruits reducing sugar, aphrodisiac, cardio- hysteria,
Annonaceae non reducing tonic, vermicide fainting,
sugar. diarrhea,
destroys worms
breed in sores.

15 Areca catechu, Linn. Areca or betel Seed or kernel Catechu, Stimulant, Bowel
nut palm. and the extract, tannin, gallic astringent, complaints,
Palmae root and tender acid, arecoline, sialagogue, bleeding gums,
leaves. arecaine, antiseptic, promotes pyrosis of
arecaidine, menstrual flow. pregnancy, sore
choline lips, diarrhoea.
16 Artocarpus heterophyllus, Lam. Jack fruit tree Fruits, seeds, Moisture, Demulcent, nutritive, Glandular
leaves, root milk- albuminoids, laxative, astringent. swelling,
Urticaceae. juice of the plant. carbohydrates, abscess,
fibre and ash. diarrhea, skin
diseases.

17 Asparagus racemosus, Willd.

Liliaceae.

Asparagus. Roots, leaves. Saccharine Diuretic, tonic, Increases

matter, demulcent, semen
mucilage. refrigerant, secretion,
galactagogue, disorders of
aphrodisiac. female genitals,
rheumatism,
chronic
gonorrhoea.

18 Azadirachta indica, Linn. Neem. Root-bark, fruit, A light yellow Antiseptic, cathartic, Skin disorders,
seeds, flowers, non crystalline, anthelmintic, scrofula,
Meliaceae. Persian lilac. leaves, oil and bitter resinous astringent, diuretic, spleenic
gum. substance, spermicidal. enlargement,
tannin, sugar. rheumatism,
leprosy,
hysteria.
19 Bacopa monnieri, (Linn) Pennel

Bacopa, Whole plant. Brain tonic, hair Depression,

Indian nourisher, hysteria,
pennywort. rejuvenator, diuretic. epilepsy,
insanity,
gonorrheal
arthritis.

20 Bambusa arundinacea, Retz. Bamboo Stem, young Silicous Aphrodisiac, Stomach,

shoots, leaves, concretions emmenagogue, respiratory
Gramineae. seeds, roots. called stimulant, disorders,
Tabashir, astringent, tonic, menstrual
contains silica, cooling. disorders,
iron, potash, wounds,
lime, cholin, nausea,
betain vomiting, piles.

21 Boerhaavia diffusa, Linn. Spreading Herb, root. Punarnavine, Stomachic, laxative, Dropsy,
hog-weed. potassium diuretic, diaphoretic, ascities,
Nyctagineae. nitrate, fat, ash. expectorant. asthma, heart
disease, stone
in the kidney,
colic.

22 Borassus flabellifer, Linn. Palmyra palm Root, bark, Gum, fat, Cooling, restorative, Cough,
flowering stalk, albuminoids. diuretic, stimulant, pulmonary
Palmae. juice, fruit. demulcent, nutritive. affections,
hiccup, gastric
catarrh,
diabetes,
pthisis,
gonorrhea,
indolent ulcers,
carbuncles,
enlarged
spleen.

23 Brassica oleracea, Cabbage, Leaf. Moisture, ether Chronic coughs,

extract, bronchitis,
Cruciferae Brussels albuminoids, asthma, warts.
sprouts. carbohydrates.
24 Brassica nigra, Linn & Koch. Black mustard. Seeds, oil, leaves. Myrosin, Stimulant, emetic, Gout, sciatica,
sinigrin, counter-irritant, urticaria, febrile
Cruciferae. sinapine, laxative, rubefacient, fever, sore
lecithin, vesicant. throat, chronic
mucilage, ash. muscular
rheumatism,
internal
congestion.

25 Butea frondosa, Roxb. & Koen.

Papilionaceae.

Flame of the Gum, seeds, Kino-tannic, Astringent, laxative, Diarrhea,

forest, bastard flowers, bark, gallic acids, anthelmintic, dysentery,
teak. leaves. pyrocatachin, diuretic, depurative, hemorrhages
kino oil, soluble aphrodisiac. from stomach &
mucilage, ash. bladder, sore
throat, orchitis.

26 Caesalpinia bonduc, Roxb. Molucca bean, Seeds or nuts, Starchy matter, Anti-periodic, tonic, Intermittent &
physic nut, root, bark and natin, sugar, febrifuge, chronic fevers,
Caesalpiniaceae. fever nut. leaves. salts, fatty oil, emmanogogue. asthma, colic,
bonducin. acute orchitis,
palsy, painful
and swollen
testicles.

27 Calotropis gigantean, R.Br.

Asclepiadaceae.

Gigantic Root, root-bark, Madar alban, Expectorant, emetic, Leprosy,

swallow wort, leaves, flowers, madar fluavil, tonic, alterative, secondary
mudar. inspissated juice. akundarin, purgative, anti- syphilis, ulcers,
calotropin. spasmodic. ascites, cough,
hepatic &
spleenic
enlargement,
hydrocele.

28 Capsicum annum, Linn

Solanaceae.

Spanish Fruit. Capsicin, Local irritant, Tonsillitis,

pepper, red solanine, fixed stimulant, diphtheria, sore
pepper, oil, fatty acid, stomachic, tonic, throat, atonic
 chillies resin. blood purifier. gout, tumours,
delirium
tremens.

29 Cassia alata, Linn.

Caesalpiniaceae.

Ring worm Leaves. Chrysophanic Anti parasitic, Skin diseases,

shrub. acid. astringent, venereal
purgative. affections,
mouth wash in
stomatitis,
eczema.

30 Carica papaya, Linn Papaw or Milk juice, seeds Papain, Digestive, Ulcers, fissures
papaya tree. and pulp. papayic acid, rubefacient, of tongue,
Caricaceae. carpaine, anthelmintic, habitual
carposide. emmanogogue, constipation,
laxative, diuretic. bleeding piles,
enlarged spleen
& liver,
intestinal
irritation.

31 Cassia auriculata, Linn.

Caesalpiniaceae

Mature tea Root, leaves Tannin, ash Refrigerant, tonic, sore eyes,
tree, tanner’s flowers, bark, alterative diabetes,
cassia seeds chylous urine,
giddiness due
to heart
disease,
excessive
menstrual flow,
nocturnal
emissions
32 Cassia fistula, Linn.

Caesalpiniaceae

Indian Pulp, root-bark, Volatile oil, Purgative, tonic, Diabetes, gout,

laburnum; flower, pods, sugar, gum, febrifuge, cathartic rheumatism,
pudding pipe leaves root astringent facial paralysis,
tree; cassia matter, gluten, applied to
coloring ringworm,
matter, water pustules.

33 Catharanthus roseus Periwinkle Roots, leaf Anti-cancer, Cancer, expels

vermifuge worms.

34 Centella asiatica, Urban

Umbelliferae.

Indian penny Whole plant. Brain tonic, anti- Nervous

wort. anxiety, anti-stress, disorders,
alterative, diuretic, ascitis,
stimulant, hydrocele.
emmenagogue. Nourishes
brain,
increases,
memory power.

35 Cicer arietinum, Linn Chicken-pea, Seeds or peas. Oxalic, acetic Astringent, laxative, Fevers,
malic acid and anti-bilious, dysentery,
Papilionaceae. Bengal gram. nitrogen, aphrodisiac, dysmenorrhoea,
starch, fats, refrigerant, flatulence,
fibre, stomachic. constipation,
phosphorc sprains.
acid.

36 Cissus quandrangularis, Wall.

Vitaceae.

Root, leaves, Alterative, Fractures,

stem. stomachic, bowel
emmanogogue. complaints,
indigestion,
epistaxis.
37 Citrullus colocynthis, Schrad. Colocynth, Fruit, root, dried Colocynthin, Drastic hydrogogue, Amenorrhea,
Indian wild pulp, seeds, seed colocynthetin, cathartic, emetic, anti-cancer
Cucurbitaceae. gourd or bitter oil. pectin, gum, alterative, anti- ingredient,
apple, bitter ash. cancer. epilepsy,
cucumber. asthmatic
attacks of
children.

38 Citrullus vulgaris, Schrad Water melon. Seeds, juice or Fixed oil, Cooling, diuretic Quenching
pulp of the fruit. proteids, nutritive, antiseptic. thirst, typhus
Rutaceae. citrullin. fever, stangury,
hepatic
congestion.

39 Citrus aurantifolium, Linn.

Orange. Fruit. Refrigerant,

appetizer.

40 Citrus medica, Linn Citron, lime. Rind, juice, oil. Citrene or Aromatic, Febrile heat,
limonene, refrigerant, tonic, thirst, bilious
Rutaceae. citrol, cymene. antiscorbutic, vomiting,
sedative, astringent, dysentery,
digestive. bilious and
remittent fevers.

41 Commiphora mukul, Engler. Salaitree, Gum resin. Volatile oil, Anti-lipidaemic, Nervous
gum-gugul, gum resin & cholesterol reducing disorders,
Burseraceae. Indian bitter principle. agent, antiseptic, rheumatism,
bedellium. alterative, marasmus of
aphrodisiac, nervine children, ulcers,
tonic. and
hypertension.
42 Coriandrum sativum, Linn. Coriander. Fruit, leaves. Coriandrol, d- Aromatic, stimulant, Diabetes,
pinene, l- tonic, carminative, flatulence, colic
Umbelliferae pinene, anti-diabetic sore-throat,
mucilage, vertigo.
tannin, malic
acid

43 Crocus sativus, Linn.

Irideae

Saffron. Dried stigma &tops Acrocetin, b- Aphrodisiac, Asthma,

of styes crocetin, y- stimulant, digestive, seminal debility,
crocetin, crocin women’s ailments. leucorrhoea,
mucilage, diarrhea.
sugar ash.

44 Croton tiglium, Linn. Purgative Seed, seed oil. Tiglinic acid, Purgative, Alopecia,
croton, croton crotonic or vermifuge, anti- convulsions,
Euphorbiaceae. oil seed. quartenylic inflammatory insanity,
acid, tiglic acid, asthma, acute
crtonol cerebral
diseases,
leprosy,
neuralgia.

45 Cucubita maxima, Duchesne. Red gourd, Seeds, pulp, fruit- Saponin, feed Anthelmintic, Gonorrhea,
great pumpkin, stalk. oil, resin, diuretic, nervine urinary
Cucurbitaceae. Spanish proteins, sugar tonic. diseases, boils,
gourd. and starch. carbuncles,
ulcers,
hemorrhages
from pulmonary
organs.

46 Cuminum cyminum, Linn Cumin seed, Fruit or seed, Thymine, Carminative, Hoarseness of
caraway seed. essential oil. carvone, aromatic, stomachic, voice,
Umbelliferae. cuminol or stimulant, dyspepsia,
cumic astringent. chronic
aldehyde, diarrhea, bilious
cymene or nausea in
cymol, terpene. pregnant
women.
47 Curcuma longa, Linn.

Scitaminaceae.

Turmeric. Tubers & Turmeric oil or Anti-septic, anti- Wounds, skin

rhizomes. turmerol, inflammatory, anti- disease, itching,
caproic acid, tumour, anti- eczema,
valeric acid, d- diabetic, anti- intermittent
sabinene, oxidant, natural fever,
alcohol. color, aromatic. conjunctivitis.

48 Cyperus rotundus, Linn. Nut-grass. Tuber or bulbous Fat, sugar, Stimulant, tonic, Fever, diarrhea,
root. gum, diuretic, diaphoretic, vomiting,
Cyperaceae. carbohydrates, emmanogogue, cholera, uterine
essential oil, astringent. complaints,
starch, fiber, cachexia.
ash.

49 Cynodon dactylon, Persoon.

Gramineae.

Bermuda Herb and root Demulcent, Itching,

grass, dog stalk. astringent, diuretic, utricaria, cuts &
grass, haemostatic, anti- wounds, vesical
creeping panic histamine. calculus,
grass. secondary
syphilis,
dysuria.

50 Datura metal, Linn.

Solanaceae.

Thorn apple Leaves, flowers, Hyoscyamine, Emetic, anti- Spasmodic

fruit, seed. hyoscine, spasmodic, asthma,
atropine. anodyne, narcotic. rheumatism,
sciatica,
mumps,
fissures in ano.
51 Daucus carota, Linn. Carrot. Root & fruit. Moisture, Anti-septic, Chronic
carotin, aromatic, stimulant, diarrhea, worm
Umbelliferae. hydrocarotin, carminative. troubles, foul
sugar, pectin, ulcers, burns.
starch, fixed oil.

52 Eclipta prostrate, Roxb.

Compositae.

Trailing Leaves, flowers. Cholagogue, Jaundice,

eclipta. emetic, tonic, pruritis, scabies,
aphrodisiac, hepatic enlargement of
tonic. spleen, liver.

53 Elettaria cardamomum, Maton. Cardamom. Dried ripe seeds, Fixed oil, Aromatic, stimulant, Stomach
oil from fruits. essential oil, carminative, complaints,
Scitaminaceae. volatile oil, stomachic, diuretic. diarrhea, atonic
cincole, free dyspepsia,
terpineol. vomiting.

54 Emblica officinalis.

Euphorbiaceae.

Emblic Dried fruit, nut or Refrigerant, diuretic, Jaundice,

myrobalan, seed, leaves, root laxative, astringent. inflammation of
Indian bark, flowers lungs, hiccup,
gooseberry. dyspepsia,
nausea,
vomiting,
phthisis.
55 Ferula asafetida, Linn. Asafetida. Aromatic gum Volatile Stimulant, Hysteria,
resin. essential oil, carminative, anti- nervous
Umbelliferae ferulic acid, spasmodic, nervine disorders of
resorcin, & pulmonary women,
pyrocatachuic stimulant. children,
acid. bronchitis of
children.

56 Ficus glomerata, Roxb. Cluster-fig or Root, root-bark, Tannin, wax, Astringent, Dysentery,
country fig leaves, fruit, milk ash. carminative, aphthous
Urticaceae. tree. juice, galls. stomachic, complaints,
vermicide. respiratory
disorders,
diabetes.

57 Ficus religiosa, Linn Sacred fig, Root-bark Tannin, Astringent, laxative, Ulcers, scabies,
peepal tree. cochtone, wax. cooling, alterative, various skin
Urticaceae. boils. diseases,
scrofula,
mumps,
promote
fruitfulness in
women.

58 Foeniculum vulgare, Gaertn. Indian sweet Dried ripe fruit. Fenchone, Stimulant, aromatic, Improves eye
fennel, fennel. essential oil, carminative, diuretic, sight, colic and
Umbelliferae. anethole. tonic, galactagogue. flatulence of
children.

59 Gloriosa superba, Linn Superb lily. Tubers. Tannin, Tonic, purgative, Gonorrhea,
superbine, abortifacient, anti- painful piles,
Liliaceae. gloriosine. periodic. promotes labor
pain.

60 Helianthus annuus, Linn Sunflower. Flower, seeds. Moisture, oil. Diaphoretic, Hyper
bactericide, cholestremia,
Compositae. fungicide, tonic. colic, diarrhea,
eye diseases,
inflammation,
ulcers.

61 Hemidesmus indicus, R.Br. Indian Root, juice, root- Coumarin, Alterative, tonic, Stomach
sarsaparilla. bark. hemidesmine, check lactation, diseases,
Asclepiadaceae. stearoptin, astringent, diuretic. urinary
nd
essential oil, diseases, 2 &
rd
saponin. 3 stages of
syphilis, blood
purifier, chronic
cough.

62 Holarrhena antidysenterica,
Wall.

Apocynaceae.

Tellicherry Bark, seeds, Wrightine or Anti-dysenteric, Chronic

bark. leaves. conessine, astringent, febrifuge, diarrhea,
kurchisine, anthelmintic. amoebic &
holarrhenine. bacillary
 dysentery,
fever, piles,
sprue, skin
diseases.

63 Hydnocarpus laurifolia, Jangli almond, Seeds. Chaulmoogric Alterative, stimulant, Itching, skin
chaulmugra. acid, detergent, diseases,
(Dennst) sleumer. hydnocarpic parasiticide. leprosy.
acid.

64 Indigofera aspalathoides, Leaves, flowers, Cooling, demulcent, Leprosy,

tender shoots. stimulant, alterative. elephantiasis,
Vahl. cancer,
secondary
syphilis,
abscess,
oedematous
tumors.

65 Indigofera tinctoria, Linn.

Papilionaceae.

True indigo, Plant and Indicant, Stimulant, Enlargement of

dyer’s indigo. expressed juice – indigotin. deobstruent, liver and
indigo. purgative, spleen,
astringent, anti- epilepsy,
septic. nervous
diseases,
premature
graying of hair,
old ulcers.

66 Juglans regia, Linn Walnut. Fruit, kernels, Fixed oil, nucin Brain tonic, Sickness of
bark, leaves. or juglandic antiseptic, stimulant, pregnancy, sore
Juglandaceae. acid, resin. expectorant, throat, scrofula,
cholagogue. leucorrhoea,
sores.
67 Lawsonia inermis, Linn.

Lythraceae.

Henna. Leaves, bark, Hanno-tannic Deodorant, hair dye, Headache,

flowers and seeds. acid, olive hair conditioner, burning of feet,
green resin, astringent, sedative, wounds, ulcers,
glucoside. refrigerant. enlargement of
spleen and
liver, burns.

68 Leucas aspera, Spreng.

Labiatae.

Leucas. Leaves, flowers. Laxative, Headache,

expectorant, cough, scabies,
emmenagogue. paralysis,
jaundice, anti-
dote to snake
bites.

69 Lycopersicum esculentum, Mill. Tomato. Pulp, juice. Vitamin C, citric Cooling, tonic. Atonic
and malic dyspepsia,
Solanaceae. acids, oxalio bronchitis,
acid and asthma, gout,
oxalate of blood purifier.
potash.

70 Malus sylvestris Apple, Fruit. Emollient, Urinary tract

common refrigerant, infections.
mallow respiratory
disorders.

71 Mangifera indica, Linn. Mango. Fruit, kernel, Watery extract, Laxative, diuretic, Atonic
leaves, flowers, cellulose, ash, astringent, dyspepsia,
bark & gum. free tartaric, refrigerant, diarrhoea,
citric and malic stomachic, chronic
acid. anthelmintic. dysentery,
haemoptysis,
piles.
72 Mentha spicata, arvensis, Linn Mint ; marsh Leaves, stems, Stearoptin, Carminative, Fever,
mint herb essential oil aromatic, stimulant, indigestion,
Labiatae antis pasmodic, stomach
stomachic, disorders.
emmanogogue.

73 Michelia champaca, Linn Golden Yellow Bark, root, root- Volatile Deobstruent, Dyspepsia,
Champa bark, essential oil, alterative, bitter, gonorrhoea,
Magnoliaceae leaves,flowes,fruits resin, tannin, stomachic, renal diseases,
mucilage. febrifuge, vertigo, gout,
demulcent. flatulence,
delirium.

74 Mollugo cerviana, Ser. Roots, flowers, Resin, gum, Stomachic, aperient, Gout, rheumatic
tender shoots. ash. antiseptic, uterine complaints,
Floidaceae. stimulant. fevers,
gonorrhoea.

75 Moringa oleifera, Lam. Drumstick, Bark, root, fruit, Inorganic acid, Aphrodisiac, Nervous
horse-radish. flowers, leaves, mucilage, antispasmodic, debility,
Moringaceae. seeds, gum. resins, ash, stimulant, diuretic, hysteria,
fixed oil known antilithic, neuralgia of
as Beni or expectorant. face, fainting
Moringo oil. fits, dropsy,
leprosy,
tetanus.
76 Mucuna pruriens, Bak. Cow-hage or Seeds, root and Resin, tannin, Aphrodisiac, nervine Dropsy,
cowitch plant. legumes. fat, free fatty tonic, astringent, leucorrhoea,
Papilionaceae. acid. anthelmintic. profuse
menstruation,
colic, facial
paralysis.

77 Myristica fragrans, Houtt.

Myristicaceae.

Nutmeg. Dried seed, mace, Volatile oil, Aromatic, stimulant, Delirium

wood. myristicene, carminative, tremens,
myristicol, narcotic, aperient, insomnia, acute
macene. aphrodisiac. or chronic
diarrhea, colic,
sexual debility,
incontinence of
urine, sprains.

78 Nardostachys jatamansi, Dc. Musk root, Rhizome, oil from A volatile Aromatic, Spasmodic
Indian spike rhizome. essential oil, antispasmodic, hysteria,
Valerianaceae. nard. resin, sugar, diuretic, nervine epilepsy,
starch, gum. sedative. convulsions,
menopause
disturbances.
79 Nigella sativa, Linn. Small fennel Dried fruits and Volatile oil, Aromatic, diuretic, Obstinate
or Black seeds. mucilage, stomachic, hiccup, fever,
cumin. metarbin, stimulant, diarrhea, skin
melanthin, carminative, diseases,
Arabic acid. anthelmintic. dropsy,
puerperal
diseases, sour
belching.

80 Ocimum sanctum, Linn.

Labiatae.

Holy basil, Leaves, seeds, Essential oil, Expectorant, Bronchitis,

mosquito plant root. mucilage. demulcent, anti- affections of
of South periodic, febrifuge, chest, gastric
Africa. stomachic. diseases of
children,
chronic cough.

81 Olea europaea, Linn Olives. Oil from the fruit Essential oil.
and seed oil.
Oleaceae.

82 Papaver somniferum, Linn. Opium poppy Dried capsules, Morphia, poppy Sedative, narcotic, Spasms,
capsules, petals, seeds, oil, anhydrous anodyne, diarrhea,
Papaveraceae. white poppy, juice. morphine, aphrodisiac, dysentery,
poppy seeds narcotine, anaesthetic, headache,
codeine, antispasmodic, insomnia,
cryptopine, cerebral haemorrhages,
lavdanine, depressant, cough, asthma,
papaveramine, demulcent, soporific. lumbago.
opianin. Increases
seminal and
muscular
powers.

83 Phoenix sylvestris, roxb. Wild date or Root, flowers, Tonic, restorative, Gonorrhoea,
toddy palm, fruits. astringent. gleet,
date, sugar toothache,
palm. nervous debility.

84 Phyllanthus amarus, Schum &

Thonn.

Indian Whole plant. Phyllanthin. Deobnstruent, Jaundice,

phyllanthus. diuretic, astringent, dropsy,
cooling. gonorrhoea,
ulcers, sores,
 swellings.

85 Piper betle, Linn.

Piperaceae.

Betel-leaf. Leaves, fruit. Betel-phenol, Aromatic, Catarrhal

chavicol, aphrodisiac, inflammations
arakene, betel stimulant, of throat, larynx,
oil. carminative, bronchi, cough,
antiseptic. tympanitis.

86 Piper longum, Linn. Dried catkins, Immature berries, Resin, volatile Stimulant, Cough, cold,
long-pepper. stems, roots. oil, fatty oil, carminative, asthma,
Piperaceae. inorganic expectorant, hoarseness,
matter, piperine diuretic. hiccup, colic,
flatulence.

87 Piper nigrum, Linn Black pepper, Dried unripe fruit Piperine, Carminative, anti- Dyspepsia,
decorticated piperidine, periodic, resolvent, flatulence, colic,
Piperaceae pepper; anti-pyretic. worms, ascitis,
common chavicin. asthma,
pepper gonorrhoea,
piles.

88 Plumbago zeylanica, Linn. Ceylon Root. Plumbagin. Antiseptic, sudorific, Chronic &
leadwort; local irritant, muscular
Plumbaginaceae. white abortifacient. rheumatism,
leadwort. epilepsy,
hysteria, ulcers,
scabies.

89 Plumbago rosea, Linn. Rose-colored Root. Plumbagin. Alterative, gastric Leucoderma,

leadwort. stimulant, appetizer, rheumatism,
Plumbaginaceae. poison, vesicant. leprosy,
flatulence,
blisters.
90 Psoralea corylifolia, Linn. Babchi seeds, Seeds, Unsaponifiable Anthelmintic, Leucoderma,
straw colored diuretic, diaphoretic, leprosy,
Papilionaceae. essential oil, laxative. psoriasis.
albumin, sugar.

91 Pterocarpus marsupium, Roxb. Indian kino, Leaves, bark. Tannin, kino Astringent, Tumors,
Malabar kino. tanic acid, deobstruent, diarrohoea,
Papilionaceae. gallo-tanic acid, haemostatic, boils, sores,
kinonin, laxative, detergent. wounds, skin
pyrocatechin, diseases, tooth
gallic acid, gum ache, pyrosis.

92 Punica granatum, Linn.

Lytheraceae.

Pomergranate. Flowers, rind of Punico-tannic Astringent, Leucorrhea,

fruit, fresh fruit acid, pectin, anthelmintic, ulcers of uterus
juices, bark, stem sugar, taenifuge,stomachic. and rectum,
and root. pelletierine, chronic
pseudo- bronchitis,
pelletierine. bronchorrea,
debility,
dyspepsia,
conjunctivitis,

93 Quercus infectoria, Oliv. Oak galls, Galls, barks. Gallo-tannic Astringent, styptic, Gonnorrhoea,
magic nuts. acid, tannin, tonic. leucorrhoea,
Cupiliferae tannic acid, hematuria,anal
gallic acid. fissures,
ulcerative
haemorrhoids,
sore throat,
nasal catarrh,
enuresis
nocturna

94 Rauwolfia serpentine, Benth. Serpiria. Roots. Ophioxylin, Antihypertensive, Insomnia,

resin, starch, increases uterine reduces high
Apocynaceae. wax, ajmaline, contractions during B.P.,
serpentine. labor, hypnotic, hypochondria,
sedative, febrifuge. fever, cholera,
insanity.

95 Rhus succedena, Linn. Galls. Galls. Essential oil, Astringent, tonic, Abdominal
tannin, gum. expectorant, tumors, cough,
Anacaridaceae. stimulant, cardiac phthisis, asthma,
tonic, cholagogue. psoriasis, gleet,
leucorrhoea,
vomiting.
96 Ricinus communis, Linn. Castor oil Oil, leaves,roots Starch, Purgative, emollient, Peritonitis,
plant. and seeds. mucilage, galactagogue, diarrohea,
Euphorbiaceae. sugar, ash, tri- aphrodisiac. dysentery,
ricinolien, ricin, chronic articular
tristearin, rheumatism,
ricinin, colic, lumbago,
ricinoleic acid. sciatica,

97 Rosa damesena, Mill. Persian rose. Flowers, buds, Volatile Astringent, aperient, Uterine
petals, stamens, essential oil, carminative, hemorrhage,
Rutaceae. volatile oil. fat, resin, refrigerant, cardiac aphthae,
malic, tartaric tonic. urticaria.
and tannic
acid, quercetin.

98 Ruta graveolens, Linn. Garden rue. Leaves, oil. Glucoside, Stimulant, Hysteria, colic,
rutin, essential antispasmodic, infantile
oil. narcotic, poison, convulsions,
diuretic, vermifuge. bronchitis,
dyspepsia,
pneumonia.

99 Santalum album, Linn. White sandal Wood, volatile oil. A-santalol, B- Cooling, sedative, Fever, thirst,
wood tree. santalol, astringent, dis- swellings, prickly
Santalaceae. santonone, infectant, heat,
santalone, expectorant, perspiration,
esters, free stimulant, heat of the body,
acids, resin. diaphoretic, blood itching, pruritis,
purifier. gonorrhoea,
pimples,
scabies, urethral
hemorrhage.

100 Saraca asoca, (Roxb) de wilde. Ashoka tree. Flowers, bark. Ether extract, Astringent, uterine Uterine
tannin, sedative. affections,
catachin. menorrhagia,
uterine fibroids,
hemorrhagic
dysentry.

101 Semecarpus anacardium, Linn. Marking-nut Fruit (seeds), gum Anacardic acid, Nervine, stimulant, Wart, tumour,
tree. and oil. cardol, digestive, syphilis,
Anacardiaceae. anacardol, cholagogue, anti- rheumatism,
semecarpol. septic. palsy, epilepsy,
leucoderma,
peripheral
neuritis, pelvic
cellulites.

102 Shorea robusta, Gaertn. Sal tree. Resin. Tannin, resin. Stimulant, Eczema,
expectorant, dysentery,
Dipterocarpaceae. diuretic, aphrodisiac. bleeding piles,
gonorrhoea,
foetid ulcers.
103 Smilax china, Linn. China root, Root, bark. Fat, saponin, Depurative, Skin diseases,
Bamboo briar glucoside, diaphoretic, rheumatism,
Liliaceae. root. gum, starch. stimulant, alterative, gout, chronic
antisyphilitic, nervous
sudorific. diseases,
seminal
weakness,
constitutional
syphilis,
flatulence,
tumour.

104 Solanum nigrum, Linn.

Solanaceae.

Blacknight Fruits, herb, Solanine, Alterative, Nephritis,

shade. leaves. saponin, expectorant, bladder
solanidine. sedative, anodyne, inflammation,
diuretic. headache,
giddiness,
delirium,
convulsions.

105 Solanum trilobatum, Linn.

Solanaceae.

Climbing Leaves, flower, Stimulant, Asthma, chronic

brinjal, three fruit. expectorant, tonic. febrile affections,
lobed night parturition,
shade. tuberculosis, all
kinds of lung
diseases.

106 Strychnos nux vomica, Linn. Strychnine Stem bark, dried Strychnine, Nervine tonic, Nocturnal
tree, poison ripe seeds called brucine, stomachic, incontinence of
Loganiaceae. nut, quaker num-vomica. vomicine, aphrodisiac, cardiac urine in children,
button. loganin, stimulant, spinal and hysteria, sexual
igasuric or respiratory impotence,
strychnic acid. stimulant. chronic
rheumatism,
insomnia,
neuralgia of
face.
107 Strychnos potatorum, Linn. Clearing-nut Fruit, seed. Brucine. Alterative, tonic, Chronic
tree. stomachic, diarrhea,
Loganiaceae. demulcent, emetic, gonorrhoea,
anti-dysentric. diabetes, boils,
dysentery,
bronchitis.

108 Styrax benzoin, Dryand. Benzoin tree; Resin, gum. Benzoic acid, Antiseptic, Jaundice and
gum benzoin. cinnamic acid, disinfectant, incontinence of
Styraceae. vanillin, volatile stimulant, urine in children,
oil. expectorant, styptic, whooping cough,
aromatic. bronchitis,
asthma, cough,
pthisis, indolent
ulcers, skin
eruptions.

109 Syzygium aromaticum, (Linn) Cloves, clove Cloves. Antispasmodic, Conjunctivitis,

Merrill & Perry. tree. carminative, spongy gums,
stomachic. giddiness,
vomiting,
dysentery, ear
troubles,
headache,
indigestion.

110 Taxus buccata, Linn. Himalayan Leaves. Volatile oil, Carminative, Breast cancer,
yew. tannic and expectorant, asthma,
Coniferae. gallic acids, stomachic, tonic, haemoptysis,
toxin, a resin. anti lithic, anti epilepsy,
spasmodic. calculus
complaints,
hysteria,
spasmodic
affections.

111 Terminalia arjuna, W.& A. Arjuna Leaves, fruit, Glucotannic Astringent, cardiac Heart disease,
myrobalan. seeds, bark. acid, sugar, stimulant, tonic, sprue,
Combretaceae. tannin, lithotriptic. pericarditis,
glucoside, angina, diarrhea,
coloring matter. dysentery,
haemoptysis.

112 Terminalia bellerica, Roxb.

Combretaceae.

Beleric Fruits. Gallo-tannic Astringent, tonic, Cough,

myrobalans. acid, coloring laxative, hoarseness,
matter, resin, expectorant. sore-throat,
oil. dropsy,
dysentery,
diarrhea,
fractures,
asthma.
113 Terminalia chebula, Retz.

Combretaceae.

Myrobalan, Dried fruits, galls. Tannin, tannic Astringent, Worms, fever,

chebulic acid, gallic purgative, alterative, cough, asthma,
myrobalan. acid, mucilage, stomachic, laxative, urinary disease,
chebulinic acid. tonic. piles, hiccup,
vomiting,
swellings.

114 Tinospora cordifolia, Mcers.

Menispermaceae.

Heart leaved Stem, root. Berberine, Anti-periodic, Diabetes,

moon seed. bitter alterative, anti debilitating
substance. diabetic. disease,
intermittent
fever, dyspepsia,
gout.

115 Tribulus terrestris, Linn.

Zygophyllaceae.

Small Fruit, root, entire Resin, fat, Diuretic, cooling, Spermatorrhoea,

calotrops. plant. mineral matter. tonic, demulcent, dysuria, gleet,
aphrodisiac, anti- gonorrhoea,
inflammatory. cystitis, calculi,
leucoderma.
116 Tylophora indica. Root, leaves. Tylophorine. Expectorant, Diarrhea,
aromatic, stimulant. dysentery,
Asclepiadaceae. syphilitic
rheumatism,
asthma.

117 Vetiveria zizanoides, Nash. Cuscus grass. Fibrous wiry root, A volatile Tonic, diuretic, Fevers,
rhizome. essential oil, refrigerant, inflammation of
Gramineae. resin, free acid, stomachic, stomach,
coloring matter. stimulant, anti- vomiting,
spasmodic. headache,
hepatitis,
irritations of eye.

118 Vinca rosea,

Vinca. Seed, flower, An alkaloid Anti-cancer. Lumbago, leaves

plant. which is a heart are applied in
poison. wasp – sting,
cancer.

119 Vitis vinifera, Linn. Grapes. Fruits, leaves. Gum, tannin, Demulcent, laxative, Heart disease,
tartaric acid, refrigerant, chronic
Vitaceae. racemic and stomachic, cooling, bronchitis, gout,
malic acid. diuretic. jaundice,
catarrh, coughs,
fever, dyspepsia.

120 Vitex negundo, Linn.

Verbenaceae.

Five – leaved Root, fruit, flowers, Colorless Alterative, aromatic, Graying of hair,
chaste tree leaves and bark. essential oil, vermifuge, externally
resin, organic anodyne, applied for
acid, mallic expectorant, articular
acid, traces of emmenogogue, rheumatism.
 alkaloid. nervine tonic.

121 Withania somnifera, Dunal,

Solanaceae.

Winter cherry. Root. Somniferin, Aphrodisiac, general Very good,

withanine, tonic, diuretic, proven
perinponyine, nervine sedative, aphrodisiac,
phyto sterol. alterative, immuno- good for nervous
modulator. weakness.

122 Wrightia tinctoria, R.Br., Sweet indrajoo Leaves, bark, A pigment Vermifuge, Psoriasis,
seed. called Indican. stomachic, tonic, hypertension,
Apocynaceae. aphrodisiac. eczema.

123 Zingiber officinale, Rosc.

Zingiberaceae.

Ginger. Rhizome. Phellandrene, Carminative, Cough, cold,

gingerol, aromatic, stimulant, indigestion,
gingerin. increases dysentery, peptic
prostaglandins, ulcer, flatulence.
adjuvant to tonic
remedies.

124 Zizyphus jujuba Zizyphus. Fruit. Mucilage, Stomachic, mild Anxiety, mental
sugar, tannin laxative and retardation, cold,
and zizyphic expectorant, blood flu, piles, mouth
acid. purifier. ulcer, skin
diseases,
conjunctivitis,
hair-care.
 Pharmacological terms and their meanings:

Abortifacient: Drug that induces expulsion of a non-viable fetus.

Alterative: Medicine that "alter" the morbid or unhealthy process
of nutrition and excretion, restoring in some unknown
way, the normal functions of an organ or of the system
without producing any sensible effect or obvious
impression on any of the organs of the body.
Analgesic, A remedy which relieves pain.
Anodyne:
Antacid: Drug that counteracts or neutralizes the acidity in the
stomach.
Anthelmintic: Any remedy for the destruction or elimination of
intestinal worms.
Antibacterial: Any agent which destroys bacteria.
Antidote: A remedy which counteracts or neutralizes the action
of a poison.
Anti- Any agent which prevents inflammation.
inflammatory:
Antipyretic: Any agent which allays or reduces fever.

Antiseptic: A remedy that arrests or prevents putrification or

which prevents or retards the growth of micro-
organisms as long as they remain in contact with them
but not destroy them.
Antispasmodic: Any measure used to relieve spasm occurring in
muscle.
Aphrodisiac: An agent which stimulates or increases sexual
excitement, sexual appetite, passion and virile power.
Aromatic: Substances characterized by a fragrant, cordial, spicy
taste and / or odour and containing volatile oils and
stimulates to the gastro intestinal mucous membrane.
Astringent: Any agent which contracts organic tissue thus
lessening secretion.
Cardiac Drugs which lessen the activity of heart.
depressant:
Cardiac Drugs which maintain an efficient circulation when the
stimulant: heart becomes weak to perform its function by
improving its activity.
Carminative: Calming or soothing medicines that act by relieving
pain in the stomach and bowel and expel flatulence
and gas from the stomach or intestines by increasing
or regulating peristalsis.

Cholagogue: Remedy which stimulates the action of liver, empties

the gall bladder, promoting or increasing the secretion
or excretion of bile, and produces free purgation at the
same time.

Demulcent: A slippery, mucilaginous fluid which allays irritation

and sooths inflammation, especially of mucous
membranes.
Deobstruent: A medicine that removes functional obstructions of the
body.

Diaphoretic: An agent which induces diaphoresis(perspiration). It is

milder in action.
Digestive: An agent which assists the stomach and intestine in
their normal functions of promoting digestion of foods.
Diuretic: An agent which increases the flow of urine.

Emmenogogue: These are medicines, which by their stimulating action

on the uterine fiber (a) directly assist in increasing or
restoring disordered menstruation when deficient or
absent. (b) by removing the cause of the suppression,
allow the discharge to return.
Emetic: Any agent used to produce vomiting.
Expectorant: A drug which promotes or increases the elimination of
secretion from the respiratory tract by coughing or by
sputum.
Galactagogue: An agent inducing or increasing the flow of milk.
Haematinic: Any substance which is required for the production of
red blood cell and the constituents.
Haemostatic: Any agent which arrests bleeding.
Laxative: A mild aperient.
Lithontriptic: A medicine supposed to possess the power of
dissolving urinary calculi, i.e., stone in the urinary
bladder.

Nutritive: Nourishing medicines.

Refrigerant: Medicines having cooling properties on the surface of
the body, or lowering bodily temperature, and which
quench thirst, and medicines which suppress an
unnatural heat of the body.
Rubefacient: A substance which when applied to the skin, cause
redness.
Sedative: Drug that exerts a soothing effect by lowering
functional activity. Drug which quiets the nervous
system without actually producing sleep.
Sialogogue: An agent which increases the flow of saliva.
Stimulant: An agent which increases or excites functions.

Stomachic: An agent which increases the appetite and digestion.

Styptic: An astringent applied to stop bleeding.

Tonic: Medicine which permanently increase the tone of the

part upon which they act, as well as improve the entire
general tone of the system, jointly and severally, by
stimulating the nutrition.