Introduction To Mobile Wimax Radio Access Technology: Phy and Mac Architecture

Introduction to mobile WiMAX Radio
Access Technology: PHY and MAC

Architecture
Dr. Sassan Ahmadi
Wireless Standards and Technology

Intel Corporation
December 7, 2006
Outline
y What is mobile WiMAX?

y Salient features of mobile WiMAX
y IEEE 802.16 Reference Model
y Air-Interface Protocol Stack
y WiMAX Network Reference Model
y Review of mobile WiMAX Physical Layer
y Review of mobile WiMAX MAC Layer
y Performance of mobile WiMAX
y Next Generation of mobile WiMAX
y Back up
– mobile WiMAX system profile feature set
2 Sassan Ahmadi/UCSB Presentation/December 2006

What is mobile WiMAX?
y Mobile WiMAX is a rapidly growing broadband wireless access technology

based on IEEE 802.16-2004 and IEEE 802.16e-2005 air-interface standards.
y The WiMAX Forum* is developing mobile WiMAX system profiles that define
the mandatory and optional features of the IEEE standard that are necessary
to build a mobile WiMAX compliant air interface which can be certified by the
WiMAX Forum.
y mobile WiMAX is not the same as IEEE 802.16e-2005, rather a subset of the
IEEE STD 802.16 standard features and functionalities.
* http://www.wimaxforum.org

Salient Features of mobile WiMAX
y The mobile WiMAX air interface utilizes Orthogonal Frequency

Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) as the radio access method for
improved multipath performance in non-line-of-sight environments.
y High Data Rates: The use of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)
antenna techniques along with flexible sub-channelization schemes,
adaptive modulation and coding enable the mobile WiMAX
technology to support peak downlink (DL) data rates up to 128 Mbps
per sector and peak uplink (UL) data rates up to 56 Mbps per sector
in 20 MHz bandwidth (DL 2x2 MIMO, UL 1x2 Virtual MIMO).
y Quality of Service (QoS): The fundamental premise of the IEEE
802.16 medium access control (MAC) architecture is QoS. It defines
service flows which can be mapped to fine granular IP sessions or
coarse differentiated-services code points to enable end-to-end IP
based QoS. Additionally, sub-channelization and medium access
protocol (MAP) based signaling schemes provide a flexible
mechanism for optimal scheduling of broadcast and unicast traffic
using space, frequency, and time physical resources over the air
interface on a frame-by-frame basis.

Salient Features of mobile WiMAX
y Scalability: The mobile WiMAX technology utilizes scalable OFDMA

(SOFDMA) and has the capability to operate in scalable bandwidths
from 1.25 to 20 MHz to comply with various spectrum allocations
worldwide.
y Security: The mobile WiMAX incorporates the most advanced
security features that are currently used in wireless access systems.
These include Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) based
authentication, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) based
authenticated encryption, and Cipher-based Message Authentication
Code (CMAC) and Hashed Message Authentication Code (HMAC)
based control message protection schemes.
y Mobility: The mobile WiMAX supports optimized handover schemes
with latencies less than 50 ms to ensure real-time applications such
as Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) are efficiently supported
without service degradation. Flexible key management schemes
assure that security is maintained during handover.

IEEE 802.16 Reference Model
UE eNB aGW
NAS NAS
CS SAP PDCP PDCP
Service Specific Management Entity

RRC RRC
Convergence Sub-Layer Service Specific
(CS) Convergence Sub-Layer
RLC RLC
RAN
MAC SAP
Control
MAC Common Part
MAC
Management Layer
MAC and
Sub-Layer MAC Common Part Transport
(MAC CPS) Sub-Layer
PHY PHY Functions
Security Sub-Layer Security Sub-Layer External

3GPP LTE Control-Plane protocol stack Networks
PHY SAP
WiMAX NWG
Physical Layer Management Entity RAN
(PHY) Physical Layer Architecture
IEEE 802.16e IEEE 802.16f/g NetMAN

Data/Control Plane Management Plane
3GPP LTE User-Plane protocol stack

IEEE 802.16 Reference Model
y Service specific convergence sublayer (CS)

– Mapping of external network data received through the CS SAP into MAC SDUs
received by the MAC CPS through the MAC SAP
– Classifying external network SDUs and associating them to MAC SFID and CID
– Payload header suppression/compression (PHS)
y MAC common part sublayer (MAC CPS)
– Core MAC functionality of system access (idle/sleep/active mode protocols)
– Connection establishment and maintenance
– Basic connection for transfer of time-critical MAC messages
– Primary management connection for transfer of more delay tolerant MAC messages
– Secondary management connection for transfer protocol messages such as DHCP
– Transport connections for transfer of service (data, voice, etc.) traffic
– Quality of Service (QoS)
– Scheduling of users for both DL and UL
– Control and signaling
y Security sublayer
– Authentication (user authentication is part of core network services)
– Secure key exchange and Encryption
y Physical layer
– Physical layer protocol and functions

Air-Interface Protocol Stack
Network Functionalities and Services
Convergence Sub-Layer (ROHC)
ARQ Handoff Idle Mode Protocol

MAC/RLC
Session/Connection
Sleep Mode Protocol MBS Management
QoS
RRM/RLC Security
Upper MAC Sub-Layer

SAPs
H-ARQ Ranging (Access) Scheduling
Framing, Control &

Signaling
QoS MBS
Lower MAC Sub-Layer

PHY
PHY Protocol (FEC Coding, Signal Mapping, Modulation, MIMO processing, etc.)
Physical Layer

WiMAX Network Reference Model
Network Service
Reference Points
Provider
Network
Components
Needed for
Attachment to 3G
Cellular Core
Networks
(New R2,R3,R4
must be defined) GERAN Gb
GPRS Core
SGSN PCRF
Iu
UTRAN Rx+
S7
S3 S4
S6 HSS Op.
S5a S5b IP
S1 MME 3GPP SAE SGi Serv.
Evolved RAN Anchor Anchor (IMS,
UPE
PSS,
IASA S2b
etc…)
Air-interface S2a ePDG WLAN
Evolved 3GPP IP
Packet
Core Connectivity
Access
Trusted non WLAN Service Network
3GPP IP Access NW
(IP Connectivity)
Access
Access Service Application Service Provider
Network
(BS + Gateway) Network Access Provider

WiMAX Network IP-Based Architecture

Review of mobile WiMAX Physical Layer

Duplex Mode
y The IEEE 802.16e-2005 air-interface supports both Time Division Duplexing

(TDD) and Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) modes; however, the initial
release of mobile WiMAX profiles only includes the TDD mode of operation.
y The TDD mode is preferred for the following reasons:
– It enables dynamic allocation of DL and UL resources to efficiently support
asymmetric DL/UL traffic (adaptation of DL:UL ratio to DL/UL traffic).
– It ensures channel reciprocity for better support of link adaptation, MIMO and other
closed-loop advanced antenna techniques such as transmit beam-forming.
– Unlike FDD, which requires a pair of channels, TDD only requires a single channel for
both downlink and uplink providing greater flexibility for adaptation to varied global
spectrum allocations.
– Transceiver designs for TDD implementations are less complex and therefore less
expensive (restrictions in the number of DL/UL switching points).
Radio Frame Radio Frame
fDL DL fDL/UL DL UL DL UL
UL/DL Switching Point

fUL UL
DL/UL Switching Point
Time

OFDMA Concept
y In OFDMA multiple access is two dimensional (time and frequency)

y Multiple users use separate subchannels for multiple access
– Improved capacity
– Improved scheduling and QoS support
– Reduced interference (no intra-cell interference)
– Improved link margin (subchannelization gain)
y Flexible subchannelization
– Pseudo-random permutation (PUSC) for frequency diversity, or
– Contiguous assignment (AMC) to enable beamforming
y Scalable structure to support variable bandwidths
All
User 1
User 2
User 3
User 4

OFDMA Numerology
Transmission Bandwidth (MHz) 1.25 5 10 20
Sampling Frequency (MHz)

1.4 5.6 11.2 22.4
fs = 8000⎣nBW / 8000⎦ n = 28 / 25
FFT Size 128 512 1024 2048
Sub-Carrier Spacing (kHz) 10.94 10.94 10.94 10.94
Tu (us) 91.4 91.4 91.4 91.4
Cyclic Prefix (CP) Ts (us) Number of OFDM Symbols per Frame Idle Time (us)
Tg=1/4 Tu 91.4 + 22.85=114.25 43 87.25
Tg=1/8 Tu 91.4 + 11.42=102.82 48 64.64
Tg=1/16 Tu 91.4 + 5.71=97.11 51 47.39
Tg=1/32 Tu 91.4 + 2.86=94.26 53 4.22
Frame Size – (Number of OFDM Symbols) * Ts

The idle time in FDD mode may be used for channel or noise
measurements
Subchannelization and Slots
y OFDMA symbol is made up of sub-carriers

– Data sub-carriers
– Pilot sub-carriers
– Null sub-carriers – guard bands and DC sub-carrier
y Standard supports multiple schemes for dividing the frequency/time
resources between users – call these subchannelization schemes (PUSC,
AMC, FUSC, TUSC, etc.)
y Subchannelization schemes define slots/sub-channels
y Slot is the basic unit of allocation in the time-frequency grid
– Slot is a (logical) n x m rectangle where
– n is a number of sub-carriers and m is a number of contiguous symbols
– Slot contains 48 data carriers for all subchannelization schemes, but their
arrangement is different in different schemes
– Number of pilot carriers in a slot is different for different subchannelization schemes
y The term “subchannel” has a confusing definition in the standard
– Subchannel is defined as a grouping of sub-carriers
– Subchannels really refer to the frequency dimension of slots
y The number of used sub-carriers over the entire spectrum is different for
various permutation schemes.
Subchannelization Schemes
TILE in UL-PUSC Zone
Slot= 6 tiles over 3 symbols
CLUSTER in DL-PUSC Zone
Slot = 4 clusters over 2 symbols
Frequency
BIN in DL/UL AMC Zone

slot = m bin x n symbols
mxn=6
Dedicated Pilots
DL FUSC
Data Sub-carriers
After assigning 83 common pilots, the remaining

sub-carriers are divided into 48 groups of 16 sub-carriers.
Slots are formed by taking one sub-carrier from each group.
Time

Localized and Distributed Resource
Allocation
SINR
SINR
SINR
SINR
SINR

mobile WiMAX Frame Structure
Preamble

Mapping of the Physical Channels
System Configuration (FCH, DCD, UCD)
UL-ACK Channel
0 FCH FCH
1
DL-MAP
2
DL Burst #4
UL Burst #1
Sub-Channel Logical Number
UL-MAP
PREAMBLE
PREAMBLE
MBS ZONE
DL Burst #3
DL-MAP
DL-MAP
UL Burst #2
MBS
MAP
DL Burst #1
Burst #5
DL
ACKCH UL Burst #3
DL Burst #2
Ranging
Channels Fast Feedback (CQICH)
N
k k+1 k+2 k+i
Time – OFDMA Symbols (Ts)
DL Sub-Frame i TTG UL Sub-Frame i RTG DL Sub-Frame i+1

Common Control Channel
DL-Shared Channel
Paging Channel CQI Channel UL-Shared Channel
Multicast Channel

Zones in TDD Mode
y First zone in DL/UL subframe

– DL PUSC is mandatory
– UL PUSC is default, but O-PUSC can be located at the first zone in UL
y Zone switch IE in DL/UL-MAP
– DL: symbol offset, zone length, permutation, PermBase, STC type AMC type
– UL: symbol offset, zone length, permutation, PermBase, AMC type

FCH and DCD/UCD
System Configuration Information
y Frame Control Header Contents

– Used Subchannels bitmap
Maps the used subchannel in the segment
Allocated subchannel are renumbered logically
– Ranging Change Indication
– DL-Map Coding parameters
– Repetition Coding Indication (1,2,4,6)
– Coding Indication CC and CTC (mandatory) and LDPC optional
– DL-MAP Length
Sub channel bit map RNG REP Coding DL-Map Len reserved
– Total 24 bits
y Fixed Location and Coding: 6 bit 1 bit 2 bit 3 bit 8 bit 4 bit
– First 4 slots of the segment

– QPSK rate ½ with repetition coding of x4
y DCD (Downlink Channel Descriptor)
– Downlink burst profile – CINR for each DIUC (MCS type), BS EIRP, Maximum RSS
for initial ranging, TTG and RTG, H-ARQ ACK delay for DL burst, HO type and
parameters, etc.
y UCD (Uplink Channel Descriptor)
– Uplink burst profile – CINR for each UIUC (MCS type), Uplink center frequency, UL
allocated subchannel bitmap, Ranging parameters, Band AMC parameters, H-ARQ
ACK delay for UL burst, UL OLPC parameters, etc.

Medium Access Protocol (MAP)
Message-Based Control and Signaling
MAP Contains
– Information on DL/UL burst allocation
– Physical layer control message (IE: Information Element)
Normal MAP : DL-MAP & UL-MAP
– Management Messages (GMH and CRC) List Of CIDs
DIUC Burst Allocation
– DL-MAP IEs and UL-MAP IEs (optional)
– Burst Profile (DIUC and UIUC)

Compressed MAP: Compressed DL-MAP & UL-MAP

– No GMH and one CRC
– DL-MAP IEs and UL-MAP IEs
– Burst Profile (DIUC and UIUC)

Normal MAP Extension for H-ARQ

– The following modes of H-ARQ are supported by the HARQ DL/UL MAP IE:
– Chase combining H-ARQ for all FEC types (H-ARQ Chase Combining). In this mode the burst
profile is indicated by a DIUC.
– Incremental redundancy H-ARQ with CTC (H-ARQ IR). In this mode the burst profile is
indicated by the parameters NEP (Encoded Packet Size), NSCH (Number of Allotted
Subchannels).
– Incremental redundancy H-ARQ for convolutional code (H-ARQ CC-IR)

DL/UL Sub-MAPs
– Different modulation and channel coding with MAP
– HARQ for downlink and uplink
– Incremental Redundancy (IR) HARQ and Chase HARQ
– HARQ DL-MAP IEs and HARQ UL-MAP IEs
– NEP & NSCH / DIUC & UIUC

DL-MAP IE
List Of CIDs
DIUC Burst Allocation
(optional)
y Optional CID
– Number of CIDs included (0-255) 4 bit 32 bit
– CIDs List
y Burst Allocation
– OFDMA Symbol offset
– Subchannel offset
– Number of Subchannels
– Number of OFDMA Symbols
– Boosting ( (+6) to (–9) dB )
– Repetition Coding
Indication (1/2/4/6)

UL-MAP Allocations
Constant CDMA
Burst #2 End of Map
BW Request / PAPR / Safety Burst #1
(Duration=30) … IE
Parts Ranging
UL MAP Message
Basic Allocation = 1 Subchannel X 3 Symbols
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 GMH
21 22 2312
UIUC = 24UIUC = 1325 CID
26 27 28
CID UIUC (1-10 = Burst Profiles)
29 Mgmt
30 Msg Type = 3 Allocation:
Rectangle Rectangle Allocation:
OFDMA SymbolUIUCOffset = Duration
OFDMA 11 Symbol =Offset
8 (example)
Uplink Ch. ID Duration
Subchannel Offset Repetition
Subchannel OffsetCoding Indication PAPR / Safety
UCD Count Repetition

No. OFDMA Symbols No. OFDMA Coding
SymbolsIndication
No. Subchannels No. Subchannels
Allocation StartRanging
Timemethod PAPR reduction / Safety zone
subchannels
CDMA BW Request / Ranging
time UL Subframe

Interval Usage Codes
y DIUC (Downlink Interval Usage Code)

– 0~12 DL Burst Profiles MCS schemes used in the burst
– 13 Gap/PAPR PAPR and Safety zones
– 14 Extended DIUC 2 Control IE
– 15 Extended DIUC Control IE
y UIUC (Uplink Interval Usage Code)
– 0 Fast feedback channel Zone for CQI etc.
– 1~10 UL Burst Profiles MCS schemes used in the burst
– 11 Extended DIUC 2 Control IE
– 12 CDMA ranging/BW Ranging / BW request zone
– 13 PAPR/Safety PAPR and Safety zones
– 14 CDMA allocation IE for CDMA BW request
– 15 Extended DIUC Control IE

Adaptive Modulation and Coding
DL UL
Modulation QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM QPSK,16QAM, 64QAM (optional)
CC 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6 1/2, 2/3, 5/6
CTC 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6 1/2, 2/3, 5/6

Code Rate
Repetition x2, x4, x6 x2, x4, x6

MIMO Schemes
The mobile WiMAX air-interface supports a number of MIMO technologies

y Beamforming (closed-loop): the system uses multiple-antennas to transmit weighted
signals to improve coverage and capacity of the system and reduce outage probability.
y Space-Time Coding (STC; open-loop): Transmit diversity techniques such as
Alamouti scheme is supported to provide spatial diversity and to reduce fade margin.
y Spatial Multiplexing (SM; open-loop): to take advantage of higher peak rates and
increased throughput. With spatial multiplexing, multiple streams are transmitted over
multiple antennas. If the receiver also has multiple antennas, it can separate the
different streams to achieve higher throughput compared to single antenna systems.
With a 2x2 MIMO, SM approximately doubles the peak data rate by transmitting two
data streams.
Multi-Antenna Transmitter Multi-Antenna Receiver

MIMO Sub-ch Mapping
IFFT
MIMO Decoder
MIMO Encoder
IFFT
FFT
.
.
.
IFFT
IFFT

UL Collaborative MIMO (Virtual MIMO)
y Multiple mobile stations transmit simultaneously creating a “virtual” multi-

antenna transmitter, resulting in increased network capacity.
y Mobile stations have one or two antennas, BS has multiple antennas.
y BS stores CSI from mobile stations and based on certain criteria; e.g., CQI
chooses two or more mobile stations whose UL transmissions can be spatially
multiplexed (using the same time-frequency resources).
Multiple Single-Antenna
Transmitters
MIMO Multi-Antenna
IFFT
Encoder Receiver
MIMO Decoder
MIMO
IFFT
Encoder
FFT
.
.
.
MIMO
IFFT
Encoder
MIMO
IFFT
Encoder

Adaptive MIMO Switching (AMS)

Adaptive MIMO Switching (AMS)
9
Ideal AMS
8 STBC
SM
7 ~2 dB
AMS
6
SE (in bits/s/Hz)
3
~1 dB
2
0
-10 0 10 20 30 40
Average SNR (in dB)
AMS overcomes the deficiencies of STBC and SM and leads to an spectral efficiency very
close to the ideal one at both low and high SNR regions (across the cell)

Ranging
y The process in which the MS acquires frequency, time and power adjustments, after
which all MS transmissions are aligned with the UL sub-frame received by the BS
y Process is based on MS transmitting a signal and BS responding with required
adjustments (close-loop)
MS #1
Power and Frequency Adjustments
MS #2
Gain offset MS #3
(Dynamic Range)
Uplink OFDMA symbols as received by the BS Subcarriers

Frequency offset
(Orthogonality)
After ranging
Before
Ranging
y Ranging types
– Initial ranging/Handoff ranging
– Periodic ranging
Time Adjustment
– BW request ranging
R1 MS #1
MS #2
R2>R1 R3>R2 MS #3
BS
Before Ranging
After Ranging
T3 = 2R3/c
T1 = 2R1/c
MSMS
#1 #1
MS #3 SS #3
MS #2 MS #2
T2 = 2R2/c

Frequency Reuse Schemes
Reuse One and Three with PUSC
Reuse 1x3x1 Reuse 1x3x3

Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR)
y Support frequency reuse 1/3/1

near cell center and utilize
frequency reuse 1/3/3 near cell 1x3x1 Reuse
edges
y No frequency planning F1 F2 1x3x3 Reuse
y Frequency reuse one at cell
F F
center to maximize spectral F

efficiency
y Higher reuse factor at cell edge F3
to reduce interference
F1 F2 F1 F2
y Flexible reconfiguration F F F F
F F
F3 F3
F=F1+F2+F3

Review of mobile WiMAX MAC Layer

Generic MAC Header (GMH)
BW Request Type
CRC Indicator
Encryption Control BW Request
Payload Type Encryption Key Sequence
Generic MAC Header Format BW Request MAC Header Format
Header Type Payload Length Header Check Sequence
Connection ID

MAC PDU Construction
PHSI Packet PDU PHSI Packet PDU
Bandwidth
Request PDU MAC MAC
MAC SDU MAC SDU SDU #1 SDU #2
BR Header Fragmentation
User PDU Fragmentation
MAC Header MAC SDU CRC MAC SDU MAC SDU
Management PDU
MAC PDU Aggregation
Packing
Management MAC Management

MAC Header Message Type Payload
MAC PDU
Fragmentation Fragmentation
MAC Header Sub-header MAC SDU f1 MAC Header Sub-header MAC SDU f2
MAC PDU MAC PDU
Packing Packing
MAC Header Sub-header MAC SDU Sub-header MAC SDU
MAC PDU

QoS–Data Service Types
QoS Class Applications QoS Specifications
Maximum sustained rate

UGS
VoIP Maximum latency tolerance
Un-Solicited Grant Service
Jitter tolerance
Minimum Reserved Rate
rtPS Maximum Sustained Rate
Streaming Audio, Video
Real-Time Packet Service Maximum Latency Tolerance
Traffic Priority
Minimum Reserved Rate
ErtPS Maximum Sustained Rate
Voice with Activity
Extended Real-Time Maximum Latency Tolerance
Detection (VoIP)
Packet Service Jitter Tolerance
Traffic Priority
nrtPS Minimum Reserved Rate

Non-Real-Time Packet FTP Maximum Sustained Rate
Service Traffic Priority
BE Data Transfer, Web Maximum Sustained Rate

Best-Effort Service Browsing Traffic Priority

QoS: Connection-Oriented MAC
BS Scheduler
QoS Logical
Traffic Connections MS1
Classifier
Service flows
Service Flows Over
QoS Connections
MS2
Priority
Queues
y Define QoS parameter for each connection

y Dynamically establish QoS-enabled connections
y Associate packets to service flows
y Associate service flows with QoS logical connections

Handoff
y Handover Schemes
– Optimized Hard Handover (OHHO)
– Fast Base Station Switching (FBSS)
– Macro Diversity Handover (MDHO) BS
y Handover Control
– Mobile initiated
– BS initiated BS
MS
– Network initiated
y Cell Selection
– Neighbor Advertisements from BS
Serving BS
– Periodic intervals for scanning
neighbor base stations BS
y Security for Handover
– 3-way handshake for authentication
key validation Serving Sector
– TEK sharing for FBSS scheme Neighbor Sectors Scanned

Idle Mode, Multicast/Broadcast, Paging
y MS uses special mode called “Idle Paging Paging

Mode” to receive Group 1 Group 2
broadcast/multicast service without
UL transmission
y MS associates to broadcast region
formed by paging group
y DL traffic received but no UL
transmission within broadcast
region
y Cell selection may occur but no
handover required (no idle mode
HO support)
y MS can be paged for DL traffic
alerting
y Paging controller in the network Paging Paging
coordinates DL traffic and paging Group 3 Group 4
y A SFN network and multi-BS
combining is used for Multicast and
Broadcast service.

Power Management
Periodic listening Intervals
Periodic sleep Intervals
Frames received
and MS states
Active Sleeps Listens Sleeps Listens
• MS sleeps for integer # of • MS Listens for integer

• MS Normal Tx or Rx frames called sleep number of frames called
interval. listening interval.
• MS requests BS to
enter sleep mode to • No MS Tx or Rx during
save power. • Paging detected in this
this interval. interval.
• Sleep mode ‘start • Power saving classes
frame’ is indicated. • If Data traffic waiting on BS it
supported provide flexible is indicated.
wake up methods.

Network Entry and Connection
Management
Downlink Scan MS Authorization &
and Key Exchange Idle Mode
Synchronization
(PKMv2)
(Preamble, DL-
DL-MAP)
Uplink Parameter Registration with IP Data Transport

Acquisition Serving BS Connection
(UL-
(UL-MAP) (REG-
(REG-REQ/RSP) Established
UL Ranging &
Time Sync. Active DL/UL Data
(RNG-
(RNG-REQ/RSP) Transmission with
Serving BS
Basic Capability
Negotiation
Neighbor Scanning
Sleep Mode
(SBC-
(SBC-REQ/RSP) /Handover
Non-Secured Traffic Secured Traffic

Performance of mobile WiMAX
DL/UL Ratio 1:0 3:1 2:1 3:2 1:1 0:1
SIMO DL 31.68 23.04 20.16 18.72 15.84 0
(1x2) UL 0 4.03 5.04 6.05 7.06 14.11

User Peak
Rate
(Mbps) DL 63.36 46.08 40.32 37.44 31.68 0
MIMO
(2x2) UL 0 4.03 5.04 6.05 7.06 14.11
DL 31.68 23.04 20.16 18.72 15.84 0

SIMO
(1x2)
Sector UL 0 4.03 5.04 6.05 7.06 14.11
Peak
Rate
(Mbps) MIMO DL 63.36 46.08 40.32 37.44 31.68 0
(2x2) UL 0 8.06 10.08 12.10 14.12 28.22
For 10 MHz channel, 5 ms frame, PUSC sub-channel, 44 data OFDM symbols

DL 64QAM 5/6 CTC x 1 and UL 16QAM CTC 3/4 x1

Next Generation of mobile WiMAX
Mobility
New capabilities of Systems Beyond IMT-2000
High New
Mobile
IMT-2000 Enhanced 4G
Access
IMT-2000 Next Generation
3G of mobile WiMAX .
Enhancement
Evolution
mobile WiMAX
New Nomadic / Local

Low Area Wireless Access
1 10 100 1000
Peak Useful Data Rate (Mb/s)

Back up

mobile WiMAX MS
Certification Profiles
Band Class 1 2 3 4 5
2.305-2.320 2.496-2.690
Frequency Range 2.3-2.4 GHz 3.3-3.4 GHz 3.4-3.8 GHz
GHz GHz
Duplex TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD
5 MHz z z z z z
7 MHz z z
Channel
Bandwidth
8.75
z
MHz
10 MHz z z z z z

mobile WiMAX MS
Release 1 PHY Profile and Certification
Release 1 PHY Profile Wave 1* Wave 2 Comments

PUSC z z
PUSC w/ All Subchannels z z

DL Subcarrier Allocation
FUSC z z
AMC 2x3 z Required in Wave 1 for Band Class 3
PUSC z z
UL Subcarrier Allocation
AMC 2x3 z Required in Wave 1 for Band Class 3
Initial Ranging z z
Ranging & Bandwidth Handoff Ranging z z

Request Periodic Ranging z z
Bandwidth Request z z
Fast-Feedback 6-bit z z
Repetition z z
Randomization z z
Channel Coding Convolutional Coding (CC) z z
Convolutional Turbo Coding (CTC) z z
Interleaving z z
H-ARQ Chase Combining z z Wave 1 waiver on required buffer size
BS Time/Freq Synchronization N/A N/A
Synchronization BS-BS Freq Synchronization N/A N/A
MSS Synchronization z z
Closed-loop Power Control z z

Power Control
Open-loop Power Control z z
z Full Support Partial Support

mobile WiMAX MS
Release 1 PHY Profile and Certification
Release 1 PHY Profile Wave 1* Wave 2 Comments

Physical CINR using Preamble z z
Physical CINR using Pilots z z
CINR Measurement
Effective CINR using Pilots z Required in Wave 1 for Band Class 3
RSSI Measurement z z
DL QPSK z z
DL 16-QAM z z
Modulation DL 64-QAM z z
UL QPSK z z
UL 16-QAM z z
Normal MAP z z
MAP Support Compressed MAP z z
Sub-DL-UL MAP z z
2nd Order Matrix A/B z Required in Wave 1 for Band Class 3
Collaborative Spatial Multiplexing z Required in Wave 1 for Band Class 3

MIMO
Fast Feedback on DL z Required in Wave 1 for Band Class 3
(IO-MIMO for BS)
Mode Selection Feedback w/ 6-bits z Required in Wave 1 for Band Class 3
MIMO DL-UL Chase z Required in Wave 1 for Band Class 3
PUSC w/ Dedicated Pilots z Required in Wave 1 for Band Class 3
AMC 2x3 w/ Dedicated Pilots z Required in Wave 1 for Band Class 3
AAS/BF UL Sounding 1 (Type A) z Required in Wave 1 for Band Class 3
(IO-BF for BS) UL Sounding 2 z Required in Wave 1 for Band Class 3
CINR Measurement (Group Indication) z PUSC, Required in Wave 1 for Band Class 3
MIMO Permutation Feedback Cycle z Required in Wave 1 for Band Class 3

Introduction To Mobile Wimax Radio Access Technology: Phy and Mac Architecture

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Introduction To Mobile Wimax Radio Access Technology: Phy and Mac Architecture

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Introduction to mobile WiMAX Radio

Access Technology: PHY and MAC

Dr. Sassan Ahmadi

Wireless Standards and Technology

y What is mobile WiMAX?

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y Mobile WiMAX is a rapidly growing broadband wireless access technology

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y The mobile WiMAX air interface utilizes Orthogonal Frequency

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y Scalability: The mobile WiMAX technology utilizes scalable OFDMA

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CS SAP PDCP PDCP

Service Specific Management Entity

Security Sub-Layer Security Sub-Layer External

IEEE 802.16e IEEE 802.16f/g NetMAN

3GPP LTE User-Plane protocol stack

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y Service specific convergence sublayer (CS)

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Convergence Sub-Layer (ROHC)

ARQ Handoff Idle Mode Protocol

Upper MAC Sub-Layer

H-ARQ Ranging (Access) Scheduling

Framing, Control &

Lower MAC Sub-Layer

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y The IEEE 802.16e-2005 air-interface supports both Time Division Duplexing

UL/DL Switching Point

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y In OFDMA multiple access is two dimensional (time and frequency)

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Transmission Bandwidth (MHz) 1.25 5 10 20

Sampling Frequency (MHz)

FFT Size 128 512 1024 2048

Sub-Carrier Spacing (kHz) 10.94 10.94 10.94 10.94

Tu (us) 91.4 91.4 91.4 91.4

Tg=1/4 Tu 91.4 + 22.85=114.25 43 87.25

Tg=1/8 Tu 91.4 + 11.42=102.82 48 64.64

Tg=1/16 Tu 91.4 + 5.71=97.11 51 47.39

Tg=1/32 Tu 91.4 + 2.86=94.26 53 4.22

Frame Size – (Number of OFDM Symbols) * Ts

y OFDMA symbol is made up of sub-carriers

BIN in DL/UL AMC Zone

After assigning 83 common pilots, the remaining

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DL Sub-Frame i TTG UL Sub-Frame i RTG DL Sub-Frame i+1

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y First zone in DL/UL subframe

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y Frame Control Header Contents

– First 4 slots of the segment

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– Burst Profile (DIUC and UIUC)

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Compressed MAP: Compressed DL-MAP & UL-MAP

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Normal MAP Extension for H-ARQ