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fjvw›Uqvi| meB e¨wZµg| †R¨vwZ emy, whwb AwfRvZ cwiev‡ii mšÍvb wn‡m‡e civaxb fvi‡Z GK AwfRvZ wkÿv e¨e¯’vq wkwÿZ
nIqvi ci we‡j‡Z AvBb co‡Z wM‡q nVvr GKw`b †cuŠ‡Q †M‡jb wecixZ †giæi ivR‰bwZK wkwe‡i, `xÿv wb‡jb KwgDwbR‡gi g‡š¿|
Zvici wLw`icyi WKkªwgK msMVb †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Avmvg †e½j †ijI‡qi kªwgK Av‡›`vj‡bi miwY †e‡q civaxb fvi‡ZB cv ivL‡jb
cwil`xq ivRbxwZi Avw½bvq| †mB hvÎvc‡_i †k‡l G‡m cwiYZ n‡q‡Qb fviZe‡l©i evg ivRbxwZi D¾¡j †R¨vwZ‡®‹| we‡k¦i ivRbxwZi
Avw½bvq fviZe‡l©i evgcš’v A‡bKUvB †R¨vwZ emyi e¨w³ bv‡gi gva¨‡gB cwiwPZ| ïay Gwkqv BD‡ivc bq, my`~i jvwZb Av‡gwiKvi
evg ivRbxwZi gvby‡livI fviZe‡l©i evg ivRbxwZ ej‡Z †ev‡S †R¨vwZ emy| 1973 mv‡j wf‡qZbvg hvevi c‡_ KjKvZv wegvbe›`‡i
hLb †`vfvlx wd‡`j Kv‡¯¿v‡K cwiwPZ Kwi‡q †`q †R¨vwZ emyi mv‡_, gyn~‡Z© Zuv‡K Rwo‡q a‡ib Kv‡¯¿v| KviY wZwb Rvb‡Zb KwgDwb÷
Av‡›`vj‡b †R¨vwZ emyi ¯’vb †Kv_vq| GB †mw`b dzUe‡ji ivRcyÎ gviv‡`vbv Qz‡U hvb †R¨vwZ myi mv‡_ †`Lv Ki‡Z, KviY wZwbI Rv‡bb
Zuvi ¯^cœcyiæl wd‡`j Kv‡¯¿v Avi †R¨vwZ emy Zuviv mnhvÎx| Zuvi `j wmwcAvB(Gg)I c„w_exi A‡bK †`‡kB cwiwPZ †R¨vwZ emyi `j
wn‡m‡e| GB `xN© c_ ïay mg‡qi ˆ`N¨© bq, G‡Z i‡q‡Q av‡c av‡c wZ‡j wZ‡j GKwU ivR‰bwZK gZv`‡k©i Av‡jvq †`k-Kvj-cv‡Îi
mwVK ch©v‡jvPbv, ivR‰bwZK ZË¡vqb I ev¯Íe cÖ‡qv‡Mi mv_©K imvqb hv e¨wZ‡i‡K GKwU Rxe‡bi cwimxgvi g‡a¨ GZ `xN© c_ AwZµg
Kiv hvq bv| GUv mZ¨, Zuvi `‡ji GB `xN© ivR‰bwZK c_ Pjv‡K †R¨vwZ emy KL‡bvB wb‡Ri myK…wZ wn‡m‡e †`L‡Zb bv| Zuvi Kv‡Q
ivRbxwZ wQj ÔAvgviÕ bq, ÔAvgv‡`iÕ Kg©KvÊ| †R¨vwZ emyi e³…Zvq †KD ï‡b‡Q wK KL‡bv, ÔAvwg K‡iwQÕ, ÔAvwg ejwQÕ RvZxq †KvbI
e¨w³MZ K…wZZ¡ `vwe Kiv evK¨| wZwb wek¦vm Ki‡Zb mgwó‡Z, AKc‡U wek¦vm Ki‡Zb `jxq ivRbxwZ‡Z| hLb KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq
e¨w³ †R¨vwZ emy‡K mv¤§vwbK wW.wjU Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ K‡i, ZLbI †R¨vwZ emy G‡K AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb Zuvi `jxq ivRbxwZi cÖvwZôvwbK
¯^xK…wZ wnmv‡e| Zuvi K…ZÁZv m~PK e³‡e¨I Ny‡i wd‡i e‡jb Zuvi `‡ji K_vB| KjKvZv cyimfv hLb Zuv‡K m¤§vwbZ K‡iwQj, Zuvi
my`xN© Kg©gq Rxe‡bi cÖwZ kª×v Rvwb‡q, ZLbI Zuvi e³‡e¨ wQj ïay Zuvi `‡ji K_vB| e¨w³ Zuvi Kv‡Q GK wekvj mgwói Dci
GKvšÍfv‡e wbf©ikxj GKK Qvov wKQz bq| `jxq ivRbxwZ A‡b‡KB K‡ib, wKš‘ KÕRb `‡j mu‡c †`b wb‡R‡K| A‡b‡Ki Kv‡QB `jxq
ivR‰bwZK Kg©KvÊ g~jZ wb‡R‡K cÖwZwôZ Kivi evnb| `j †mLv‡b cv‡_q gvÎ, e¨w³MZ jÿ¨ c~i‡Yi GK gva¨g gvÎ| †R¨vwZ emy ev
Zuvi mg Av`‡k©i †bZv Kg©x‡`i †ÿ‡Î `j e¨w³¯^v‡_©i msKxY© †mªvZ‡K mgwói ¯^v‡_©i gnvmgy‡`ª †¯^”Qvq wejxb K‡i †`Iqvi Dcjÿ¨|
`jxq ivRbxwZi GB aviv‡K `jevwR ejv hv‡e bv| `jevwR gv‡b mZ¨ wg_¨v wbiƒc‡Y `jme©¯^Zv| †R¨vwZ emy G KvR K‡ib wb, mg‡q
mg‡q wZwb mZ¨ D”PviY Ki‡Z wM‡q wb‡Ri `‡ji mgv‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi HwZnvwmK fz‡ji cÖm½B †nvK ev m¤cÖwZ mg‡qi wm½yi
Kv‡Êi ci Kiv †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv ivR‰bwZK gšÍe¨B †nvK| wKš‘ GB mgv‡jvPbv Avevi KL‡bvB `j †_‡K wb‡R‡K Avjv`v Ki‡Z PvIqvi
†KvbI AwfcÖvq bq| †hgbUv K‡i‡Qb m`¨ we‡Rwc †_‡K ewn®‹…Z hkešÍ wms| wZwb eis `j‡K Av‡iv k³ wf‡Zi Ici `uvo Kiv‡bvi
gvb‡mB wewfbœ K‡i‡Qb bvbv mveavbevYx| hLb 1996 mv‡j GK e¨wZµgx ivR‰bwZK cUcwieZ©‡b fviZe‡l©i Zveo Zveo ivR‰bwZK
†bZv me©m¤§wZ‡Z Zuv‡K cÖavbgš¿x‡Z¡ emv‡Z †P‡q‡Q, ZLbI †R¨vwZ emy Zuvi Kv‡Q †`Iqv GB cÖ¯Íve‡K †`‡L‡Qb Zuvi `jxq ivRbxwZi
GK e¨wZµgx ¯^xK…wZ wn‡m‡e| cvwU©i wm×všÍ‡K wk‡ivavh© K‡i wZwb cÖZ¨vLvb K‡i‡Qb cÖavbgš¿xZ¡| `‡ji GKwbô ˆmwbK †R¨vwZ emy
fviZxq ivRbxwZi MZvbyMwZK c_ a‡i `j‡K AMÖvn¨ K‡i cÖavbgš¿xZ¡ MÖnY Ki‡Z hvb wb| c‡i hLb GB NUbv‡K wZwb AwfwnZ
K‡i‡Qb ÔHwZnvwmK fzjÕ wn‡m‡e, ZLbI Av‡ÿc wQj GUvB †h Zuvi `j RvZxq ivRbxwZ‡Z cÖfve we¯Ívi Kivi my‡hvMwU nviv‡jv e‡j|
wZwb cÖavbgš¿x n‡Z cv‡ib wb, GUv Zuvi e³e¨ wQj bv KL‡bvB| `j †_‡K Avjv`v nb wb, mvdj¨ Ges e¨_©Zvq Awfbœ kwiK †_‡K‡Qb
`‡jiB| fviZxq ivRbxwZ‡Z †R¨vwZ emy †h g~j¨‡ev‡ai cÖZxK n‡q Av‡Qb, Zv Aek¨B Zuvi GKvi bq| Ggb ivR‰bwZK e¨w³Z¡B
wQ‡jb bv¤^yw`wicv`, niwKlY wms myiwRr, cÖ‡gv` `vk¸ß, b„‡cb PµeZ©xiv| b„‡cb PµeZ©x Aek¨ Rxe‡bi †kl j‡Mœ G‡m gyL¨gš¿x bv
n‡Z †c‡i wb‡Ri Rxe‡b cvjb K‡i Avmv g~j¨‡eva †_‡K LvwbKUv wePz¨Z n‡q `‡ji weiæ‡× we‡lv`Mvi K‡iwQ‡jb| hw`I Zuvi `j Zuv‡K
ïay ewn®‹viB K‡iwQj, Rbmg‡ÿ Zuvi KL‡bv wb›`vev` K‡i wb| Zuvi g„Zz¨i Av‡M Zuv‡K wdwi‡q w`‡qwQj cvwU© mf¨c`| hvK †m wfbœ
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†R¨vwZ emyi †ÿ‡Î GKwU PgKcÖ` e¨vcvi n‡”Q, wZwb hZ wb‡R‡K `‡ji mv‡_ GKvZ¡ K‡i‡Qb, gvbyl Zuv‡K ZZB Avwe®‹vi K‡i‡Q GK
Abb¨mvaviY e¨w³Z¡ wn‡m‡e| RvZxq ivRbxwZi g~j †cÖÿvcU †_‡K hZB wZwb wb‡R‡K †K›`ªxf~Z †i‡L‡Qb iv‡R¨, ZZB †ewk †ewk K‡i
G †`k Zuv‡K Avwe®‹vi K‡i‡Q GK Abb¨ RvZxq †bZv wnmv‡e| 1940 mv‡j †`‡k wd‡i wLw`icyi WK ev Avmvg †e½j †ijI‡q‡Z †UªW
BDwbq‡bi Kv‡R †hvM †`Iqvi ga¨ w`‡q fvi‡Zi ivRbxwZ‡Z Zuvi c`PviY n‡jI wZwb gvby‡li g‡b kª×vi Avmb `Lj Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb
fvi‡Zi msm`xq ivRbxwZ‡Z Zuvi Abb¨ Ae`v‡bi R‡b¨B| 1946 mv‡j ¯^vaxbZvi cÖvK gyn~‡Z© †ijI‡q kªwgK †K›`ª †_‡K ZLbKvi
mg‡qi evNv ivRbxwZwe` ûgvqyb Kexi‡K civ¯Í K‡i msm`xq ivRbxwZ‡Z Zuvi cÖ‡ek| 2000 mv‡j wZwb †¯^”Qvq gyL¨gš¿xZ¡ Z¨vM K‡i
msm`xq ivRbxwZi cÖZ¨ÿ AvwObv †_‡K we`vq †bb| GB `xN© 54 eQ‡ii cwil`xq ivRbxwZ‡Z GKeviB †Q` c‡owQj 1972 mv‡j,
hLb GK weZwK©Z wbe©vPb cÖwµqvq †R¨vwZ emyi RvgvbZ ev‡Rqvß n‡qwQj| Aek¨ huviv Zuv‡K civ¯Í K‡iwQ‡jb ZvivI †mB wbe©vPb wb‡q
Lye GKUv D”PevP¨ K‡ib bv| 1972 mv‡j cwðge½ weavbmfvi wbe©vPb Zvi Af~Zc~e© RvwjqvwZ I KviPzwci R‡b¨I BwZnvm n‡q Av‡Q|
IB †Q`we›`ywU ev` w`‡j evwK †MvUv mgqce© Ry‡oB †R¨vwZ emy Aciv‡Rq| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ ivRbxwZwe` †R¨vwZ emyi g~j¨vqY Ki‡Z †M‡j
Avgv‡`i `„wó wbe× Ki‡Z n‡e Zuvi msm`xq ivRbxwZi Rxe‡bB| fviZe‡l©i wkï msm`xq e¨e¯’v †h cÖwµqvi ga¨ w`‡q cwiYwZ AR©b
K‡i‡Q, †mB cÖwµqv‡ZB GKB mv‡_ fviZxq ivRbxwZ‡Z D‡V G‡m‡Q ivRbxwZwe` †R¨vwZ emyi bvg| 1972 mv‡ji weavbmfv wbe©vPb
wKsev 1975 mv‡ji Riæix Ae¯’v fvi‡Zi msm`xq ivRbxwZi Kv‡jv mgq| GB Kv‡jv mgqUzKz ev` w`‡j we‡ivax ivRbxwZwe` wn‡m‡eB
†nvK wKsev ÿgZvmxb gyL¨gš¿x wnmv‡eB †nvK, µ‡gB D¾¡j †_‡K D¾¡jZi n‡q‡Q †R¨vwZ emyi bvg| 1977 mvj †_‡K cwðge‡½,
wKsev IB mgq †_‡K wÎcyiv ev †Ki‡j †h fv‡e `xN© mgq a‡i ÿgZvq †_‡K‡Q evgcš’xiv, GUv wek¦ ivRbxwZ‡ZB GKwU e¨wZµgx
NUbv| †R¨vwZ emy Zuvi ivR‰bwZK Rxe‡b evieviB GB NUbvi K_v ej‡Zb| GKwU cuywRev`x iv‡óª GKwU A½iv‡R¨ evgcš’xiv `xN©w`b
ÿgZvq _vK‡e GgbUv gv·©ev‡`i ¯’cwZiv KL‡bvB fv‡eb wb| GKB fv‡e fviZxq evgcš’xivI fve‡Zb bv Ggb GKwU ev¯ÍeZvi K_v|
GUv bv fvevq †KvbI Ab¨vq wQj bv| ¯^vaxbZv cÖvwßi †_‡K kvmK Ks‡MÖm GKw`‡K ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi mg¯Í K…wZZ¡ †hgbfv‡e GKK
fv‡e `vwe Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡iwQj, †Zgwb my‡hvM †c‡jB we‡ivax ivR‰bwZK `j¸wj b~¨bZg gZcÖKv‡ki AeKvk¸wj Le© Kivi cÖ‡Póv Ki‡Z
KzwÚZ n‡Zv bv| ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖv‡gi w`b¸wj‡Z kªwgK K…l‡Ki MYZvwš¿K jovB‡qi cÖwZ Zv‡`i AvbyôvwbK AvbyMZ¨ cÖKvk Ki‡jI
¯^vaxb †`‡ki miKvi evievi mvaviY gvby‡li MYZvwš¿K msMÖv‡g AMYZvwš¿K n¯Í‡ÿc K‡i‡Q| 1957 mv‡j †Ki‡j wbe©vP‡bi ga¨ w`‡q
bv¤^yw`wicv‡`i †bZ…Zv¡ axb KwgDwb÷ `‡ji ivR¨ miKvi cÖwZwôZ nq| Ks‡MÖm mfv‡bÎx Bw›`iv I Zuvi cÖavbgš¿x wcZv GB cwieZ©b‡K
wKQz‡ZB †g‡b wb‡Z cvi‡jb bv| KwgDwb÷ ivR¨ miKvi ag©we‡ivax, GB wRwMi Zz‡j Pv‡P©i mvnv‡h¨ gyw³ msMÖvg bvg w`‡q †Ki‡j
APjve¯’v m„wó Ki‡jb| Zvici ivóªcwZ kvmb Rvwi K‡i †mB miKv‡ii cZb NwU‡q w`‡jb `yÕeQ‡ii gv_v‡ZB| GB miKvi cZ‡bi
w`b‡K fviZxq MYZ‡š¿i Kv‡jv w`b e‡j AwfwnZ K‡iwQ‡jb Bw›`ivi ¯^vgx mvsm` wd‡ivR MvÜx| Gic‡iI 1967 I 1969 mv‡j
cwðge‡½ hy³d«›U miKvi †f‡O †`q Ks‡MÖmx †K›`ªxq miKvi| 1972 mv‡j cwðge‡½i weavbmfvi wbe©vP‡b wbj©¾ KviPzwc Kiv nq|
Gi d‡jB evgcš’x‡`i aviYv Rb¥vq, evgcš’x †bZ…Z¡vaxb ivR¨ miKvi‡K KL‡bvB cy‡iv †gqv` KvR Ki‡Z †`‡e bv †K‡›`ªi Ks‡MÖm
miKvi| 1977 mv‡j cwðge‡½ I 1978 mv‡j wÎcyivq evgd«›U ÿgZvq Avmvi ci evgcš’xiv me mgqB ej‡Zb, †K›`ª †h †Kv‡bv
gyn~‡Z© Zv‡`i ivR¨ miKvi¸wj‡K †f‡O †`‡e| Zuviv GKw`‡K †K‡›`ªi MYZš¿ we‡ivax AvµgY m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb Kiv Ges mxwgZ ÿgZvq
mxwgZ mg‡qi g‡a¨ mvaviY gvbyl we‡kl K‡i K…lK kªwgK‡`i LvwbKUv wiwjd †`Iqvi †Póv‡KB gyL¨ Kg©m~Px wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡ib|
wKQzw`b c‡iB †`Lv †Mj, 1977 mv‡ji †jvKmfv wbe©vP‡bi djvdj †_‡K wkÿv wb‡q Ks‡MÖm AKs‡MÖm ivR¨ miKvi¸wji †f‡O †`Iqvi
ivRbxwZ †_‡K LvwbKUv n‡jI m‡i G‡m‡Qb| fvi‡Zi bvbv iv‡R¨ bvbv `‡ji ivR¨ miKvi MV‡bi ga¨ w`‡q eû`jxq ivRbxwZi GK
bZzb hy‡Mi m~Pbv n‡q‡Q †`‡k| GB mgqc‡e© GKw`‡K ivR¨ miKvi¸wj‡K kw³kvjx Kivi j‡ÿ¨ iv‡R¨i nv‡Z AwaKZi ÿgZv †`Iqvi
`vwe‡Z AKs‡MÖmx iv‡R¨i gyL¨gš¿x‡`i m‡¤§jb Ges Ab¨ w`‡K cwðge‡½ f~wg ms¯‹vi, wίÍixq cÂv‡qZ e¨e¯’vi mv_©K iƒcvq‡Yi ga¨
w`‡q evgcš’xiv fviZe‡l©i msm`xq ivRbxwZ‡Z GKUv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© kw³ n‡q I‡Vb Ges ivR‰bwZK †bZv wn‡m‡eI GK wewkó ¯’vb K‡ib
†R¨vwZ emy| Zuvi †bZ…Z¡vaxb ivR¨ miKviB cÖ_g Øv`k †kªYx Aewa A‰eZwbK wkÿv Pvjy Kiv, Acv‡ikb eM©vi gva¨‡g MÖvgv‡j †QvU I
cÖvwšÍK K…lK‡`i AwaKvi cÖ`vb Kiv, cÂv‡qZ e¨e¯’vi ga¨ w`‡q `wi`ª cÖvwšÍK gvbyl‡`i ÿgZvq‡bi GK bZzb Aa¨v‡qi m~PYv K‡ib|
†eKvi fvZv, weaev fvZv, e„ׇ`i †cbkb, GB kã¸wjB fviZxq ivRbxwZ‡Z AcwiwPZ kã wQj| †R¨vwZ emyi †bZ…Z¡vaxb miKvi G‡K
fviZxq ivRbxwZi ev¯ÍeZvq nvwRi K‡i‡Qb| GK mg‡q evgcš’x‡`i wek¦vm wQj, ey‡R©vqv KvVv‡gvq GKwU evgcš’x ivR¨ miKvi we‡kl
wKQz KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| GB e¨e¯’vq †h wKQz Kiv m¤¢e bq, miKvi‡K e¨envi K‡i gvby‡li Kv‡Q ïay GB mZ¨wUB Zz‡j ai‡Z cv‡i|
myZivs Avg~j cwieZ©b Kivi R‡b¨ gvbyl‡K msMwVZ Kivi AšÍeZ©x `vwqZ¡ cvjb KivB GKgvÎ KvR n‡Z cv‡i evgcš’x ivR¨ miKv‡ii|
†R¨vwZ emyi †bZ…Z¡vaxb cwðge‡½i evgd«›U miKvi msm`xq MYZ‡š¿i Dci m¤¢ve¨ Avµgb m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb Kivi Kv‡R wb‡R‡`i AvU‡K
ivLj bv| cÖPv‡ii cvkvcvwk mxwgZ ÿgZvi g‡a¨ Dbœq‡b GK weKí c‡_i AbymÜv‡b eªZx nj| GB AbymÜvbB Rb¥ w`j mgKvjxb
mg‡qi evg ivRbxwZi GK bZzb eqv‡bi| GB fvebv Ges Zvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi ga¨ w`‡q ey‡R©vqv iv‡óªi Af¨šÍ‡i GKwU A½ iv‡R¨i mxgvi
†fZ‡i evgcš’x ivRbxwZi GK bZzb c‡_i ZË¡vqb| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, †R¨vwZ emyi miKvi hLb KvR Ki‡Q ZLb jvB‡mÝ iv‡Ri eRª
AuvUzwb‡Z †K‡›`ªi evisevi evav `v‡b evievi AwbwðZ n‡q hvw”Qj më‡j‡K B‡jKUªwb· cÖKí Movi KvR, njw`qv †c‡Uªv‡KwgK¨vj‡mi
KvR| evavi gy‡L e‡µk¦‡ii Zvc we`y¨r †K›`ª Movi KvR‡K Av‡›`vj‡b cwiYZ Ki‡jb †R¨vwZ emyi miKvi| †K‡›`ªi Amn‡hvwMZvi
Rev‡e ivR¨ Ry‡o cÖPvi Kg©m~Px msMwVZ K‡i hyeK‡`i DØy× Kiv nj GB wkí Mo‡Z GwM‡q Avm‡Z| hyeKiv `‡j `‡j i³`vb K‡i IB
we`y¨r ‡K›`ª Movi R‡b¨ A_© msMÖn K‡i‡Qb| Gfv‡e hLb cwðg evsjvq evgd«‡›Ui miKvi ¯’vqxZ¡ AR©b Ki‡Q, Iw`‡K ZLb †K‡›`ª
Ks‡MÖm `‡ji g‡a¨ avivevwnK fv‡e N‡U P‡j‡Q fvO‡bi cÖwµqv| ivRbxwZ‡Z wek¦bv_ cÖZvc wms‡ni DÌvb DËi fvi‡Zi ivRbxwZ‡Z
wb‡q G‡jv GK weivU cwieZ©b| K‡qK `k‡Ki Ks‡MÖm ivRbxwZi AvwacZ¨ †_‡K †ewi‡q G‡jv wnw›` ejq| RvZcvZ wfwËK ivRbxwZ
hv GZw`b wQj Ks‡MÖ‡mi †fvU ivRbxwZi GKvšÍ m¤úwË, ZvB bZzb †Pnvivq nvwRi n‡q DËi fvi‡Z Ks‡MÖm‡K nxbej K‡i w`j|
Ab¨w`‡K Av‡Ui `k‡Ki †kl †_‡K m•N cwiev‡ii DMÖ wn›`yZ¡ev`x ivRbxwZ fviZe‡l©i msm`xq ivRbxwZ‡Z mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv we‡ivax
jovB‡K Ab¨Zg we‡ePbvi wel‡q cwiYZ Kij| Ggb GKwU cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯’wZ‡Z G‡Ki ci GK `ye©j miKvi MwVZ nj †K‡›`ª| Avi
RvZxq ivRbxwZ‡Z Acwinvh© n‡q DVj evgcš’x‡`i Kɯ^i| GB ¯^‡ii g~Z© cÖZxK †R¨vwZ emy| †R¨vwZ emy‡K wb‡q fviZxq ivR‰bwZK
gn‡j AvMÖn Av‡iv †e‡o hvIqvi KviY, Zuvi †RvU ivRbxwZ cwiPvj‡bi `ÿZv| 1977 mv‡ji cieZ©x mg‡q fvi‡Z †K‡›`ª I wewfbœ
iv‡R¨ we‡ivax †Rv‡Ui miKvi cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q| †K›`ª I iv‡R¨ wewfbœ `‡ji miKvi MwVZ nIqvi ev¯ÍeZv cÖ_g AvZ¥cÖKvk Kij 1967
mv‡ji mvaviY wbe©vP‡bi ci| ZLb †_‡KB †RvU ivRbxwZ wb‡q cixÿv wbixÿv ïiæ n‡q‡Q fviZxq ivRbxwZ‡Z| GB cÖwµqvq †RvU
miKvi¸wj hLb evievi †f‡O cowQj AšÍK©j‡n, ZLb †R¨vwZ emy GK e¨wZµgx BwZnvm iPbv K‡ib cwðg evsjvq| 1977 mvj †_‡K
10 wU `‡ji †RvU evgd«›U †KvbI eo ai‡bi gZv‰bK¨ QvovB mvd‡j¨i mv‡_ G‡Ki ci GK ¯’vqx miKvi MVb K‡i P‡j| GB
miKv‡ii ¯’vqxZ¡ fviZxq ivRbxwZ‡ZB bq, mviv we‡k¦B mvov †d‡j †`q| †gviviRx †`kvB, PiY wms, P›`ª‡kLi, wek¦bv_ cÖZvc wms,
Gu‡`i †bZ…‡Z¡ M‡o IVv we‡ivax †Rv‡Ui miKvi¸wj †KvbI ai‡bi ¯’vqxZ¡ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z e¨_© nIqvi ci, Ks‡MÖm we‡ivax RvZxq
ivR‰bwZK `‡ji †bZviv ¯’vqx miKvi Movi R‡b¨ †R¨vwZ emyi †bZ…Z¡ `v‡bi ÿgZvi Dci fimv Ki‡Z PvB‡jb 1996 mv‡j| GB
†bZ…Z¡ †Kb †R¨vwZ emy MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡jb bv Zv GK Ab¨ BwZnvm, hv eû Av‡jvwPZ| wKš‘ Gi †_‡K GB mZ¨wU †ewi‡q Av‡m †h
cwðg evsjvi †RvU ivRbxwZ mviv †`‡ki R‡b¨B GKwU `„óv‡šÍ cwiYZ| GB ev¯ÍeZvB †R¨vwZ emy‡K RvZxq ch©v‡q DbœxZ K‡i‡Q|
cwðg evsjvi evgd«‡›Ui †RvU ivRbxwZ †_‡K wkÿv wb‡Z †P‡q‡Q m¤ú~Y© wecixZ †giæi `j we‡RwcI| 1996 mv‡j 13 w`‡bi we‡Rwc
miKv‡ii cZ‡bi ci 1998 mv‡j hLb Avevi we‡Rwc †bZ…Z¡vaxb GbwWG miKvi cÖwZwôZ nq, ZLb GbwWwUwfi mv‡_ GK mvÿvrKv‡i
we‡Rwc †bZv Av`evwb †RvU miKv‡ii Kv‡Q Zuv‡`i g‡Wj wn‡m‡e evievi D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb cwðge‡½i evgd«›U miKv‡ii `„óvšÍ| Zuvi
ivR‰bwZK Rxe‡bi bvbv e³…Zvq †R¨vwZ emy evieviB ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`‡q‡Qb, cwðg e‡½i evgd«›U MV‡bi BwZnvm| wZwb ej‡Zb,
†h‡nZz Lv`¨ Av‡›`vjb †_‡K ïiæ K‡i `yÕ`k‡Ki MYAv‡›`vj‡bi ga¨ w`‡q M‡o D‡V‡Q GB †RvU Ges MYmsMÖv‡gi Zi½kx‡l© M‡o D‡V‡Q
cwðge‡½i evgd«›U miKvi, d‡jB Gi PwiÎ †`‡ki Ab¨ cÖv‡šÍ M‡o IVv †fvU-c~e© †RvU I †fvU-cieZ©x †Rv‡Ui †P‡q m¤ú~Y©ZB
Avjv`v| †m R‡b¨ me©fviZxq ivRbxwZi †ÿ‡ÎI evievi †R¨vwZ emy ev Zuvi `jxq mZx_©iv e‡j‡Qb b~¨bZg `vwe`vIqvi wfwˇZ
msMÖv‡gi †RvU, hv msMÖv‡gi cÖwµqvi ga¨ w`‡q wbe©vPbx †Rv‡Ui †Pnviv †b‡e| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ, †R¨vwZ emy‡`i †ÿ‡Î GB welqwU wQj Zuv‡`i
mvgwMÖK ivR‰bwZK iYbxwZ I †KŠk‡ji mv‡_B mvhyR¨c~Y©| wmwcAvB(Gg) gZv`k©MZ fv‡e wek¦vm K‡i RbMYZvwš¿K wecø‡e, hv
msMwVZ n‡e †`‡ki kªwgK K…l‡Ki †bZ…‡Z¡ GK‡PwUqv cuywR, mvgšÍZš¿ I mvgªvR¨ev` we‡ivax RbMYZvwš¿K †gvP©vi P~ovšÍ ¸YMZ
cwieZ©‡bi jovB‡qi gva¨‡g| GB P~ovšÍ j‡ÿ¨i c‡_ Zuviv M‡o Zzj‡Z Pvb AšÍeZ©x ch©v‡q evg-MYZvwš¿K †RvU| GB evg-MYZvwš¿K
†RvU MV‡bi c‡_I b~¨bZg `vwe `vIqvi wfwˇZ bvbv ch©v‡q M‡o DV‡e bvbv ai‡bi msMÖvgx †RvU, hv wbe©vPbx ivRbxwZi †ÿ‡ÎI
¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡e| msm`xq ÿgZvi ivRbxwZi jvfvjv‡fi m¯Ív wn‡m‡ei g‡a¨ bv wM‡q myiwRr I †R¨vwZ emyi †bZ…‡Z¡
evgcš’xiv KZ¸wj †K›`ªxq wel‡qi Dci wfwË K‡i G fv‡eB iPbv K‡i‡Qb ivR‰bwZK iY‡KŠkj| GB cÖwµqv‡ZB mviv Rxe‡bi Pig
kÎæ Ks‡MÖmxivI KL‡bv P‡j G‡m‡Q evgcš’x‡`i KvQvKvwQ| Avc‡` wec‡` civgk© PvB‡Z Ks‡MÖmx †bZ…Z¡ Qz‡U †h‡Zb cÖvÁ ivRbxwZwe`
†R¨vwZ emyi Kv‡Q| GB NUbv N‡U‡Q Bw›`iv I ivRxe MvÜxi nZ¨vi cieZ©x mg‡q, N‡U‡Q evewi gmwR` fvOvi w`b¸wj‡Z Ges
¸Riv‡Zi exfrm `v½vi mgq| `‡ji †gŠwjK bxwZi cÖ‡qvR‡bB gv‡S gv‡SB `jxq e„‡Ëi evB‡i wM‡q f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q †R¨vwZ
emy‡K| GKB fv‡e wb‡Ri iv‡R¨i ivRbxwZi ¯^v‡_© evievi †R¨vwZ emy Qz‡U †M‡Qb iv‡R¨ iv‡R¨, wewfbœ AKs‡MÖmx `j I miKvi¸wji
mv‡_ M‡o Zz‡j‡Qb †K›`ª we‡ivax bvbv gÂ| G fv‡e iv‡R¨ †_‡KI †R¨vwZ emy n‡q D‡V‡Qb `jgZ wbwe©‡k‡l GK RvZxq ivR‰bwZK
e¨w³Z¡| ïay wK RvZxq ivRbxwZi mxgve× cwim‡i? †R¨vwZ emyi †bZ…Z¡vaxb evgd«È hLb G‡Ki ci GK wbe©vP‡b wecyjfv‡e Rqx n‡”Q,
ZLb Av‡Ui `k‡Ki †kl †_‡K wech©q †b‡g G‡m‡Q mgvRZvwš¿K †`k¸wj‡Z| cuywRcwZ †kªYx‡K D‡”Q` K‡i kvmb ÿgZv `Lj K‡iI
GKUv ch©v‡qi ci KwgDwb÷ kvmb¸wj wkw_j n‡q †h‡Z _vKj| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ KwgDwb÷iv ey‡R©vqv kvmbe¨e¯’vi D‡”Q` K‡i ÿgZv
`L‡ji gZ I c_ wb‡q hZ Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb, ÿgZvq wU‡K _vKvi cš’v wb‡q ZZUv ZvwË¡K PP©v nq wb| gv·©ev‡`i ZvwË¡K e¨vL¨v
Abyhvqx, cuywRev` GK mxgve× MYZš¿B M‡o Zzj‡Z cv‡i, †hLv‡b mgv‡Ri cÖvwšÍK gvby‡li Avkv AvKv•¶vi cÖwZdjb nq bv|
KwgDwb÷iv ÿgZvq G‡m GB MYZš¿‡K cÖmvwiZ Ki‡eb mgv‡Ri bvbv cÖv‡šÍ| ZvwË¡K GB fvebvwUi cÖ‡qvM cÖv_wgKfv‡e mgvRZvwš¿K
†`k¸wj‡Z NU‡jI cieZ©x‡Z mgvRZvwš¿K MYZ‡š¿i cÖmvi A‡bKvs‡k wewNœZ n‡q †h GK ai‡bi AvgjvZvwš¿K e¨e¯’vi Rb¥ n‡qwQj IB
†`k¸wj‡Z Zv KwgDwb÷iv wb‡RivB ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb mgvRZ‡š¿i wech©q m¤ú‡K© bvbv ai‡bi ch©v‡jvPbvq| GB AbymwÜrmv †_‡KB mviv
we‡k¦i evgcš’x‡`i bRi †K‡o‡Q GK Uvbv †ZBk eQi ÿgZvq _vKvi K…wZ‡Z¡i AwaKvix †R¨vwZ emyi †bZ…Zv¡ axb miKvi| hw`I †R¨vwZ
emyi miKvi wQj gv·©xq cwifvlvq GKwU cuywRev`x iv‡óªi Af¨šÍ‡i GKwU A½iv‡R¨i ¯’vbxq miKvi| Zey c„w_exi bvbv †`‡ki evgcš’x
ZvwË¡Kiv eyS‡Z †P‡q‡Qb †Kvb ai‡bi iY‡KŠk‡j ejxqvb n‡q cwðgevsjvi evgcš’xiv eQ‡ii ci eQi wewPÎ cÖwZK~jZv I we‡ivwaZvi
g‡a¨ wbe©vP‡b evievi Rqx n‡q‡Qb| Gfv‡eB †R¨vwZ emy n‡q D‡V‡Qb AvšÍR©vwZK KwgDwb÷ Av‡›`vj‡biI GK AvMÖ‡ni e¨w³Z¡|
†R¨vwZ emyi mgqKv‡j mgvRZvwš¿K †`k¸wj‡ZI bvbv bvq‡Ki cZb N‡U‡Q| †R¨vwZ emy I Zuvi `j hvi Av`‡k© AbycÖvwYZ †mB †Rv‡md
¯Ívwjb g„Zz¨i ci wb‡Ri `‡ji †fZ‡i wbw›`Z n‡q‡Qb bvbv Kvi‡Y| Zuvi weiæ‡× Awf‡hvM D‡V‡Q bvbv ai‡bi wePz¨wZi| Gi meUvB †h
mZ¨ Zv nqZ bq| wKš‘ Awf‡hvM D‡V‡Q| ¯Ívwj‡bi gZ Px‡bI gvI †m Zz‡Oi weiæ‡× DÌvwcZ n‡q‡Q cvwU©i g‡a¨ e¨w³ c~Rv cÖPjb I
mvsMVwbK MYZš¿ c``j‡bi Awf‡hvM| d¨vmxwe‡ivax hy‡×i exi bvqK †P‡m¯‹z‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| G w`K †_‡KI †R¨vwZ emy Abb¨|
hLb wZwb ÿgZvq wQ‡jb Ges hLb ÿgZv †Q‡o wM‡q‡Qb, ZLbI †KD Zuvi weiæ‡× ˆbwZK wePz¨wZ ev wbqgKvbyb j•N‡bi †KvbI
¸iæZi Awf‡hvM DÌvcb Ki‡Z cv‡i wb| e¨w³c~Rvi ms¯‹…wZ Aek¨ †R¨vwZ emyi `j wmwcAvB(Gg)-G Ggwb‡ZI †bB| DËi cÖ‡`‡k
gvqveZx wb‡RB miKvwi A‡_© G‡Ki ci wb‡Ri g~wZ© ¯’vcb K‡i P‡j‡Qb| ggZv e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi nvZ a‡i †bZv‡bÎxi wekvjvKvq KvU
AvD‡Ui `vwÿYv‡Z¨i ms¯‹w… Z cwðg evsjvi MÖvg kn‡iI Qov‡”Q| GB gyn~‡Z© cwðg evsjvi w`‡K w`‡K ïay ggZvi wekvjKvq KvU
AvDU| Ab¨w`‡K g„Zz¨i Av‡Mi w`b ch©šÍ cwðg evsjvq †R¨vwZ emyi †KvbI cÖwZK…wZ ev KvU AvDU wb‡q wbe©vPbx ev Ab¨ ivR‰bwZK
cÖPvi K‡i wb Zuvi `j| Zuvi cÖwZK…wZi hv wKQz weÁvcb meB g„Zz¨i ci| GB ms¯‹w… Z‡ZB Af¨¯Í †R¨vwZ emyi `j| Gfv‡eB g„Zz¨i ci
`jxq †cv÷v‡ii Qwe‡Z D‡V G‡m‡Qb my›`ivBqv, bv¤^yw`wicv`, myiwRriv|
me‡k‡l GKwU K_vB ejv hvq| Bs‡iwR‡Z GKwU K_v Av‡Q, mvd‡j¨i †P‡q mdj Avi wKQz nq bv| GKB bxwZ wb‡q ivRbxwZ
K‡iI wmwcAvB(Gg) Gi Avi †KvbI †bZv †R¨vwZ emy n‡q DV‡Z cv‡ib wb, Zvi KviY wZwbB GKgvÎ n‡q D‡V‡Qb GB bxwZi mv_©K
iƒcKvi| bxwZi mv_©K iƒcvq‡bi mvdj¨B †R¨vwZ emy‡K AZzjbxq gh©v`vq Awfwl³ K‡i‡Q| GB mvd‡j¨i nvZ a‡iB wZwb `‡ji
AbyMZ ˆmwbK n‡qI RbM‡Yi †bZv, iv‡R¨i gyL¨gš¿x n‡qI me©Rbkª‡×q RvZxq †bZv| Ggb gvbyl Lye †ewk †`Lv hvq bv ivRbxwZ‡Z|
Avi ZvB wQqvbeŸyB eQi eq‡m †kl wbtk¦vm Z¨vM Ki‡jI Zuvi g„Zz¨‡Z †kv‡K D‡Øj n‡q I‡V mgv‡Ri Avcvgi gvbyl| k~b¨Zv Abyf~Z
nq cÖwZwU ü`‡q|