PLEASE NOTE

THESE NOTES ARE STILL

BEING DEVELOPED
The colour changes are
COBALT
only approximate

Cl¯

CoCO3(s) CO32- [Co(H2O)6]2+(aq) LS [CoCl4]2-(aq)

LS 4 T

H2O
Shape
Coordination
H+ A/B A/B OH¯, NH3 Number

[Co(OH)2(H2O)4](s)

LS XS NH3

[Co(NH3)6]2+(aq)

OX air, O2

[Co(NH3)6]3+(aq)

[Co(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 2OH¯(aq) ——> [Co(OH)2(H2O)4](s) + 2H2O(l)

[Co(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 2NH3(aq) ——> [Co(OH)2(H2O)4](s) + 2NH4+(aq)
[Co(OH)2(H2O)4](s) + 6NH3(aq) ——> [Co(NH3)6]2+(aq) + 4H2O(l) + 2OH¯(aq)
[Co(NH3)6]2+(aq) ——> [Co(NH3)6]3+(aq) + e¯
[Co(H2O)6]2+(aq) + CO32-(aq) ——> CoCO3(s) + 6H2O(l) or Co2+(aq) + CO32-(aq) ——> CoCO3(s)
[Co(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 4Cl¯(aq) ——> [CoCl4]2-(aq) + 6H2O(l)

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 COPPER

[CuCl4]2-(aq)

Cl¯ LS LS H2O

KI
CuCO3(s) CO32- [Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) CuI(s)
RED

H+ A/B A/B OH¯, NH3

[Cu(OH)2(H2O)4](s)

LS XS NH3

[Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+(aq)

[Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 2OH¯(aq) ——> [Cu(OH)2(H2O)4](s) + 2H2O(l)

2+
[Cu(H2O)6] (aq) + 2NH3(aq) ——> [Cu(OH)2(H2O)4](s) + 2NH4+(aq)
[Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) + CO32-(aq) ——> CuCO3(s) + 6H2O(l) or Cu2+(aq) + CO32-(aq) ——> CuCO3(s)
[Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 4Cl¯(aq) ——> [CuCl4]2-(aq) + 6H2O(l)
[Cu(OH)2(H2O)4](s) + 4NH3(aq) ——> [Cu(NH3)4 (H2O)2 ]2+(aq) + 2H2O(l) + 2OH¯(aq)
2Cu2+(aq) + 4I¯(aq) ——> 2CuI(s) + I2(aq)

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 IRON

FeCO3(s) CO32- [Fe(H2O)6]2+(aq)

H+ A/B A/B OH¯, NH3

RED

[Fe(OH)2(H2O)4](s)

OX air, O2

[Fe(OH)3(H2O)3](s)

NO
CARBONATE
OX MnO4¯
with 3+ ions OH¯, NH3
2-
A/B A/B H+
and CO3

[Fe(SCN)(H2O)5]2+(aq) SCN¯ [Fe(H2O)6]3+(aq)

LS

[Fe(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 2OH¯(aq) ——> [Fe(OH)2(H2O)4](s) + 2H2O(l)

2+
[Fe(H2O)6] (aq) + 2NH3(aq) ——> [Fe(OH)2(H2O)4](s) + 2NH4+(aq)
Fe(OH)2(s) + OH¯(aq) ——> Fe(OH)3(s) + e¯
[Fe(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3OH¯(aq) ——> [Fe(OH)3(H2O)3](s) + 3H2O(l)
2 [Fe(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3CO32-(aq) ——> 2 [Fe(OH)3(H2O)3](s) + 3H2O(l) + 3CO2(g)
[Fe(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3NH3(aq) ——> [Fe(OH)3(H2O)3](s) + 3NH4+(aq)
[Fe(H2O)6]3+(aq) + SCN¯(aq) ——> [Fe(SCN)(H2O)5]2+(aq) + H2O(l)

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 CHROMIUM
[Cr(H2O)6]2+(aq)

Zn2+/H+ RED OX air, O2

NO
CARBONATE
[Cr(H2O)6]3+(aq)
with 3+ ions

Fe2+/H+
OH¯, NH3 RED or ethanol
+
H A/B A/B
and CO32-

XS NH3
[Cr(NH3)6]3+(aq) [Cr(OH)3(H2O)3](s) Cr2O72-(aq)
LS

H+ A/B A/B XS OH¯ H+ OH¯

[Cr(OH)6]3-(aq) alk. H2O2 CrO42-(aq)

OX

[Cr(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3OH¯(aq) ——> [Cr(OH)3(H2O)3](s) + 3H2O(l)

[Cr(OH)3(H2O)3](s) + 3H+ (aq) ——> [Cr(H2O)6]3+(aq)
[Cr(OH)3(H2O)3](s) + 3OH¯(aq) ——> [Cr(OH)6]3-(aq) + 3H2O(l)
2 [Cr(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3CO32-(aq) ——> 2 [Cr(OH)3(H2O)3](s) + 3H2O(l) + 3CO2(g)
[Cr(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3NH3(aq) ——> [Cr(OH)3(H2O)3](s) + 3NH4+(aq)
[Cr(OH)3(H2O)3](s) + 6NH3(aq) ——> [Cr(NH3)6]3+(aq) + 3H2O(l) + 3OH¯(aq)
2Cr3+(aq) + 3H2O2(l) + 10OH¯(aq) ——> 2CrO42-(aq) + 8H2O(l)
2 [Cr(H2O)6]3+(aq) + Zn(s) ——> 2 [Cr(H2O)6]2+(aq) + Zn2+(aq)
2-
Cr2O7 (aq) + 2OH¯(aq) 2CrO42-(aq) + H2O(l)
2 CrO42-(aq) + 2H+(aq) Cr2O72-(aq) + H2O(l)
Cr2O72-(aq) + 14H+(aq) + 6e¯ ——> 2Cr3+(aq) + 7H2O(l)

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 ALUMINIUM

[Al(H2O)6]3+(aq)

NO
+
OH¯, NH3 CARBONATE
H A/B A/B
and CO32- with 3+ ions

[Al(OH)3(H2O)3](s)

H+ A/B A/B XS OH¯

[Al(OH)6]3-(aq)

[Al(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3OH¯(aq) ——> [Al(OH)3(H2O)3](s) + 3H2O(l)

[Al(OH)3(H2O)3](s) + 3H+ (aq) ——> [Al(H2O)6]3+(aq)
[Al(OH)3(H2O)3](s) + 3OH¯(aq) ——> [Al(OH)6]3-(aq) + 3H2O(l)
2 [Al(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3CO32-(aq) ——> 2 [Al(OH)3(H2O)3](s) + 3H2O(l) + 3CO2(g)
[Al(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3NH3(aq) ——> [A(OH)3(H2O)3](s) + 3NH4+(aq)

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 PLEASE NOTE
THESE NOTES ARE STILL
BEING DEVELOPED COBALT
Colour in the rectangles and
add the shape / CNo.

Cl¯

CoCO3(s) CO32- [Co(H2O)6]2+(aq) LS [CoCl4]2-(aq)

6 O
LS 4 T

H2O
Shape
Coordination
Number
H+ A/B A/B OH¯, NH3 Colour

[Co(OH)2(H2O)4](s)

LS XS NH3

[Co(NH3)6]2+(aq)

OX air, O2

[Co(NH3)6]3+(aq)

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 COPPER

[CuCl4]2-(aq)

Cl¯ LS LS H2O

KI
CuCO3(s) CO32- [Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) CuI(s)
RED

H+ A/B A/B OH¯, NH3

[Cu(OH)2(H2O)4](s)

LS XS NH3

[Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+(aq)

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 IRON

FeCO3(s) CO32- [Fe(H2O)6]2+(aq)

H+ A/B A/B OH¯, NH3

Zn2+/H+
RED

[Fe(OH)2(H2O)4](s)

OX air, O2

[Fe(OH)3(H2O)3](s)

OX MnO4¯
NO OH¯, NH3
CARBONATE A/B A/B H+
with 3+ ions and CO32-

[Fe(SCN)(H2O)5]2+(aq) SCN¯ [Fe(H2O)6]3+(aq)

LS

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 CHROMIUM

[Cr(H2O)6]2+(aq)

Zn2+/H+ RED OX air, O2

NO [Cr(H2O)6]3+(aq)
CARBONATE
with 3+ ions

Fe2+/H+
OH¯, NH3 RED
+ or ethanol
H A/B A/B 2-
and CO3

XS NH3
[Cr(NH3)6]3+(aq) [Cr(OH)3(H2O)3](s) Cr2O72-(aq)
LS

+ H+ OH¯
H A/B A/B XS OH¯

[Cr(OH)6]3-(aq) alk. H2O2 CrO42-(aq)

OX

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 ALUMINIUM

[Al(H2O)6]3+(aq)

NO
+
OH¯, NH3 CARBONATE
H A/B A/B
and CO32- with 3+ ions

[Al(OH)3(H2O)3](s)

H+ A/B A/B XS OH¯

[Al(OH)6]3-(aq)

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