You are on page 1of 13

]]pnf;0dkif;tjyifbufa&mufoGm;aoma'ocHjynfolrsm;}}

(od k Y )
]]wqifhedrfhusjcif;ESifhtwl}}
[l;augif;csdKifh0Srf;vGifjyifonf rus,f0ef;vSaomfvnf; ajrtaetxm;ESifh&moDOwkt vGef oifhjrwfaom a'ojzpfonf/
jrefrmEdkifiH\ taemufajrmufbuf? ucsifjynfe,f\ taemufbuf ucsifjynfe,ftwGif; wEdkif;cac: csif;wGif;jrpf0Srf;wavsmuf ajrmufrSawmifodkY
acsmif;dk;twdkif; rdkifaygif; (200) cefY&Snfvsm; ta&SUrS taemufodkY rdkifaygif;ajcmufq,fcefY us,f0ef;onf/ ta&SUrS taemufodkY vD'dkvrf;rtwdkif;
vdkufygu &SifabG,efNrdKUrS tpjyKtaemuf buf wdefauguf&GmtvGef *srfblawmiftxd rdkifaygif; ajcmufq,f0ef;usifaomfvnf;aumif; ajrmufrS
awmifoYkd wEdik ;f c(od)Yk csi;f wGi;f jrpftwdik ;f vduk af omf ajrmufbufrS tpjyKawmifbufoYkd cE;D NrKd Utxufem; qnf0txd (csi;f wGi;f jrpfacsmif;&d;k twdik ;f
rdkifaygif; 150cefY) &Snfvsm;onf/
[l;augi;f csKd i0hf rS ;f vGijf yif\ twGi;f ydik ;f onf ajrjyefvY iG jf yifo;D oefY r[kwbf jJ rifrh m; us,0f ef;aom awmifuek ;f awmifwef;rsm;vnf;
yg0if\/ Oyrm- [l;aumif;csdKifh0Srf;udk uefYvefYoG,fwef;aeaom *srfylawmifrSwqufwnf; oG,fwef;aeaom 0efwkwfbGrfawmifwef;rsm;?
wEdkif;NrdKU txuf carmif;acsmif;qHk;txd z,efbGrfac: xHk;aawmiftygt0if wEdkif;acsmif;zsm; r*sDbGrfa'otxd awmifukef;awmifwef;rsm;vnf;
yg0ifonf/
if;awmifukef;awmifwef;rsm; oG,fwef;aeaom ae&ma'o csif;wGif;jrpfdk;wavsmuf onf ajrMoZmtvGefaumif;rGefaom
EHI;wifajrEkvGifjyifjzpfonf/ cED;NrdKUtxufem; t*Fvdyfe,fcsUJ vufxuf rSefjy (tcsufjy)xm;&mawmifukef;onf jrifhrm;rwfapmufaom
ausmufzmawmifjzpf if;csif;wGif;jrpfonf ausmufaqmifMum; jrpfdk;usOf;usOf;udk jzwfoef;pD;qif;onfjzpf&m rdk;&moDa&BuD;csdef if;jrpfusOf;rSm
a&tvG,fwul rpD;qif;EdkifbJ ydwfqdkYae jrpf\txufydkif; ESpfpOfa&vGrf;rdk;aom vGifjyifjzpf\/ a&vGrf;rdk;rIaMumifh wHkacsmif;? w0rfacsmif;?
wyDacsmif;? carmif;acsmif;? wEdik ;f cacsmif;rsm; pD;qif;vmaom EH;I ajrrsm; use&f dS ajrMoZm aumif;rGef jcif;jzpfygonf/ rd;k &moDcsed f a&tvGerf sm;Ny;D ?
aqmif;? aEGa&uscsdef aqmif;oD;ESHpdkufysdK;&ef tvGefaumif; rGefaom vGifjyifjzpfonf/
[l;aumif;csdKifh0Srf;vGifjyifonf usLawm (udkif;awm) nDnmaom vGifjyifrsm;jzpf &Sif;vif;&ef vG,fulNyD;pdkufysdK;ajr?
udik ;f uRe;f ajraz:xwk ,f &l ef vG,uf \l / a&EIwaf jrmif;rsm; pepfwusazmufvyk yf gu ajrdik ;f rsm;udk v,f,majrazmfxwk &f efvnf;aumif;? udik ;f uRe;f pduk yf sKd ;ajr
azmfxkwf&efvnf;aumif; tvGefoifhavQmfaom vGifjyifjzpfonf/
csKd i0hf rS ;f vGijf yifonf tv,fA[dEk iS hf ywf0ef;usiyf wfvnf awmifp,G af wmifwef;rsm; 0dik ;f ywfaeonfjzpf&m if;awmifp,G af wmifwef;rsm;rS
pD;qif;vmaom acsmif;i,frsm;udk qnfa& tjzpf qnfajrmifwmwrHrsm; wnfaqmuf&efaumif;rGefaom ajrtaexm;jzpfonf/
tzd;k wef oifjh rwfvaS om vGijf yifa'orSm tpueOD;rS tajccsaexdik af om vlrsKd ;rsm;rSm trsm;tm;jzifh ucsivf rl sKd ;rsm;jzpfMu
vGifjyif\taemufydkif;wGif em*vlrsdK;rsm;ESifh twGif;ydkif;wGif rdkif;cGef&Srf;rsm;vnf; tenf;pkaexdkif Mu\/
ucsifvlrsdK;rsm;ESifh rdkif;cGef&Srf;rsm;onf v,f,mvkyfudkifjcif;ESifh awmif,mckwfjcif;? jrpfacsmif;? tif;rsm; ig;zrf;jcif;?
a'ovkyfxHk; vkyfenf;jzifh yGifhvif;&moDcsdef acsmif;urf;pyfrsm; a&Tusifjcif;onf t"dutoufarG;0rf;ausmif;tvkyfjzpfonf/ vGefcJhaom (6)ESpf
[l;aumif;csdKifh0Srf; vGifjyifodkY ,kZeukrPD ajcrcsrSDrSm yGifhvif;&moDa&mufwdkif; dk;&ma'oE&enf;pepfjzifh qifzrf;jcif; onfvnf; ucsifvlrsdK;wdkY\
t"dutvkyjf zpfonf[k qdMk u\/ ,cktcsed f ,kZeukrP \D opfawm jzKe;f wD;rIaMumifh awmqifikd ;f rsm;ESihf om;&Jw&d pmefrsm; usupf m;aysmaf rGU&mopfawm
onfvnf; ukefvkqJqJjzpfawmh\/
1

a'owGif aexdkifMuaom wdkif;&if;om;rsm;onf txufazmfjyyg toufarG;0rf; ausmif;tvkyfjzifh auseyfwif;wdrfvQuf


a'oxGuf qefpyg;rsm;jzifh rdrda'ozlvHkydkvQHaeaomaMumifh tvGefdk;Muonf/ rdrda'o rdrdzlvHkrIaMumifh tauseyfBuD;auseyfum
tem*wfudkBudKrjrifEdkifjcif;onf ,aeYcsdef uHqdk;rdk;arSmifusaprnfh t"dujypfcsufvdk jzpfaeonfwum;/
pnf;tjyifbufa&mufoGm;jcif;
[l;aumif;csdKifh0Srf;vGifjyifonf ajrMoZmtvGefaumif;rGef rddk;zvmpepfjzifh tenf; i,ffaom v,f,majrxGuf qefpyg;onf
wpfESpfvkyf wpfESpfpmzlvHkaejcif;? vlOD;a&usJyg;jcif; onf tvGefaumif;rGefaom pdkufysdK;&eftvGefwifhw,faom ajrvTwfajrdkif;rsm; ydkif&SifrJh
ydkvQHvpfvyf apovdkjzpfawmh\/
a'ocHwidk ;f &if;om;rsm;\ azmfjycsutf &txufyg ajrvTwaf jrdik ;f rsm;udk rNird ;f csr;f cif t&ifu rnforl Qrjrif? jrifaomfjim;vnf;
rnfolrQta&;rvkyf? iSufzsm;a&m*gxlajymaom^ aeYaeYnn aoewfoH? rdkif;oHMum;ae&aom? q,fhESpf&moD usD;vefYpmpm;ae&aom? aemufausm
rvHkaomvGifjyif[k owfrSwfxm;MuNyD; vlolta&muftaygufyif enf;yg;aMumif;od&\/
jrpfBuD;em;ESifh wEkdif;NrdKUonf rdkif;aygif; (120) (wpf&mhESpfq,f) wdwd&Sd\/ ,aeYcsdef vdkif;um;rsm;yif aeYcsif;aygufaerndKcif
a&mufEkdifMu\/ autdkifatESifh ppftpdk;&typf tcwf&yfqkdif;a&; (Nidrf;csrf;a&;) rwdkifcifumvrSm jrpfBuD;em;rS wEdkif;ta&muf wcgw&Hwpfv
txd c&D;MuHUMumwwfaMumif; a'ocHrsm;\ ajymjycsuft&od&\/
c&D;BuHUMum;&jcif;\ taMumif;&if;rSm t"dutm;jzifh tcsdefESifhtrQb,ftcsdefpvm rnfrSef;rodaom ESpfzufvufewfudkifwyfrsm;
tcsi;f csi;f ypfcwfMuaom wduk yf rJG sm;udk a&SmifuiG ;f owif;pGeYf tajctae? owif;csed qf ae&jcif;? ayguNf yaJ jrNyKd aeaomvrf;rsm;udk rdrbd momjyKjyifomG ;
ae&jcif;? aqG;ykwfaeaomwHwm;rsm;udk rdrdbmomvGefomatmifjyKjyifae&jcif;? tcdkufroifhum;ysuf ygu NrdKUjyxdaemufaMumif;vSnfhjyKjyifae&jcif;?
tpdk;&wyfpcef;cs&mae&mrsm;a&mufwdkif; taMumif;w&m;wrsdK;wr,fyif rjybJ um;rsm;udkvdk&mqGJoHk; pdwfxifwdkif;vkyfum jyKcsiforQ jyKtNyD;
auseyfdk;tDrS jzwfoef;cGifh jyKjcif;paom pHkvifvSonfhtaMumif;w&m;rsm;onf vrf;c&D;\ twm;tqD;rsm;jzpfaMumif; od&onf/
a'ocHjynfolwdkif;&if;om;rsm;\ xdkpOfcgb0&yfwnfa&;onf us,fjyefYpGm awG;ac:wwfaom tawG;tac:ESifh
rdom;pkpm;avmufrkH u ydvk QaH tmifpukd yf sKd ; rdom;pktyd0k ifaiG &atmif BuKd ;pm;tm;xkwvf akd om qErsm;udk qdwof Ok ;f oGm;apNy;D v,f,m^udik ;f uRe;f tvkyf
jzifh tjcm;aomaiGaMu;"e&SmazGpkaqmif;rnfh pdwful; pdwfoef;udkvnf; NzdKzsufypfovdkjzpfap awmh\/
rNird ;f csr;f cifumv aeUrem;? nrem;ajy;vTm;yke;f a&Smif&if; armyef;aeorQ ,aeYtcduk f twefY Nird ;f csr;f onfuh mva&SUa&;tvSr;f rjrif
0vQifHkvkyfNyD; em;em;aeae aeMu&m wjznf;jznf; rsm;jym;vmaom vlOD;a&wdk;wufvmaom pD;yGm;a&;tajctaeonf a'ocHrsm;udk acsmifodkY
ta&mufydkYaom taMumif;w&m;rsm; jzpfapawmh\/ vlawmrwdk; acsmifuyfapawmh\/
[l;aumif;csdKifh0Srf;onf a&TtawmftwefxGuf&Sdaoma'ojzpf\/ 2000 ckESpf0ef;usif ppftpdk;&\ pDrHudef;jzifhwnfaqmufaom
qnfrsm;teuf cE;D NrKd Uatmuf wZke;f e,fwiG f wnfaqmuf aom wZke;f qnfaMumif?h wZke;f e,fw0duk f tdraf jc&mBu;D axmifcsaD om &Gmawmfawmfrsm;rsm;
rdrd&Gmudk pGefYcGm we,fwaus;odkYajymif;a&TU&aom jyemwpfckay:aygufjyef\/ if;wZkef;e,frS aum,m;&Srf;ac: (&Srf;Arm) vlrsdK;axmifcsDaom
vlOD;a&onf [l;aumif;csdKifh0Srf;odkY wuf a&Twl;azmfjcif; vkyfudkifvQuf&Sd&m trsm;pkrSma&T^aiG tawmftwefpkaqmif;rd wHkrPDESifherfAsL
0ef;usirf mS vnf; tvGepf nfum;aom a&TarSmaf 'orsm; jzpfvm\/ if;a'orsm; a&TarSmf vlpnf;um;&mrS a&TarSmof aYkd ps;a&mif; aps;0,f pke^f qefaom?
NrdKU rSwufvmaom ukefonfrsm;? usif;om;rsm;? a&Tvkyfief;&Sifrsm;onf wEdkif;NrdKUudk waxmufem;pcef;tjzpfoGm;vmMu&m wEkdif;NrdKUonf
2

pnfwxufpnfum;vmNyD; vlOD;a&onf ydkydkrsm;jym;vmonf[k od&\/


vlOD;a&rsm;vmonfESifh ppftpdk;7\tkyfcsKyfcs,fvS,frI y#dyursm;vnf; ajymrukef awmh\/ atmufjynfatmuf&Gmrsm;rS
EkdifiHawmftBuD;tuJrsm;\ tquftEG,faqGrsdK;rsm;ESifh tvdkawmf&drsm;vnf; 0ifa&muf ZmwfIwfvmMuukefonf[l\/
if;tcsed Ef iS whf ukd qf idk of nfrmS jrefrmjynftv,fyikd ;f ESihf taemufyikd ;f a'orsm; wEkid wf ydik f yk*v ud prf;oyfw;l azmf atmifjrifxm;aom
a&eHwGif;rsm;udk ukrPDtaMumif;trsdK;rsdK;jyNyD; EkdifiHawmftBuD;tuJrsm;\ aemufygtacRt&H? (52)0rf;uGJ aqGrsdK;rsm;onf odrf;ydkufavmifpmqD
avSmifuefBuD; ydkif&Sifrsm;jzpfvmMuonf[k od&\/ avmifpmqDt"du jzKef;aomae&mrSm zg;uefYausufpdrf;wGif; jzpfae&mrS 2008 wkwfjynftdkvHypfyGJ
rwdik rf vDS tenf;i,ftvdrk pS ausmufprd ;f aps;uGurf sm;usqif;vm ukrP
tD csKd U\ausmufprd ;f vkyuf uG rf sm; ydwyf ifxm;&onf txd jzpfvmonfq\kd /
xdkaMumifh rw&m;odrf;ydkuf&aom avmifpmqDrsm;udk aiGtojymtjzpf ajymif;vJapa&;rSm ausmufpdrf;arSmfrS [l;aumif;csdKifh0Srf;a&TarSmfrsm;odkY
jrm;OD;vSnfhawmhonf qdk\/
txufygt&m&maom taMumif;aMumif;aMumifh rsm;jym;vmaom vlOD;a& 'Da&vdIif; onf a'ocHwkdif;&if;om; rsm;udk
acsmifodkYwGef;ydkYaom tcsufwpfcsufwdk;vmjyefonf qdk\/ NrdKUwGif;vrf;ab; tdrf,majruGufrsm;onf we,fwaus;rS aemufaygufrsm;vufodkY
aeYcsif;ncsif;NydKqif;oGm; NrdKUcHe,fcH? NrdKU&Sif? e,f&Sifrsm;onf wdk;csJUNrdKUjyif&yfuGufbuf a&mufukef Muawmh\
[l;aumif;vGifjyifa'o a&Twl;azmfaomvkyfief;aMumifh aiG&Sif? aMu;&Sifjzpfvmolrsm; e,fcHwkdif;&if;om;rsm;ryg/ rdrd\
,m^cif; tcsdKUw0ufqHk;HI;jcif;om qkv'ftjzpf&Mu\/
ydkqdk;onfrSm 2005ckESpfrSpwif [l;aumif;csdKifh0Srf;odkY aygufcsvm vGifjyifwckvHk;udk 0g;rsdKypfaom ,kZeukyPDonf
[l;aumif;csdKifh0Srf;ae a'ocHwdkif;&if;om;rsm;udk v,f,m^tcif;rJh tvkyfrJh? b0vufrJhjzpfapawmh\/
[l;aumif;csKd i0hf rS ;f \ aumif;rGeaf ompduk yf sKd ;ajr&S&d odS rQukd azmfxwk pf &majrkid ;f rSeof rQ ESihf wygwnf;a'ocHrsm;\ bd;k ab;acwfrS
,aeYwik f vkypf m;vmaomv,f,mrsm;udyk g usKH ;odr;f yduk uf m ukrP
yD ikd af jrtjzpf owfrwS of rd ;f ,lawmh\/ ESpaf ygi;f &mcswD nfwefcY ahJ om aus;&Gmrsm;udk
aeYcsi;f ^ncsi;f ajr;wl;pufBu;D rsm;jzifh xd;k acsif; ,kZeukrP tD usKd ;twGuf yavmyDepH ukd cf if;tjzpf ajymif;vJypfum vlxuk tkd wif;t"rEiS xf wk af wmh\/
tcsdKU&Gmrsm;udk &GmvHk;uRwf ajrwl;? ajr aumfpufBuD;rsm;jzifh vlaetdrftygxdk;acsypfjcif;cH& &GmvHk;uRwf yDavmyDeHpkdufcif; atmuf uG,faysmuf
ESpfjrKyfoGm;awmh\/ uG,faysmufoGm;aom&yf&GmtcsdKUrSm v,fuGufpdkufcif;tcsdKU oufaotaxmuftxm;jyp&myif rusef? tpteaysmuf?
aysmufcsif;rvSaysmufaom tjzpf odkY trSefwu,f a&mufoGm;awmh\/
ppftpd;k &rwdik cf ifuyif Edik if aH wmftpd;k &\w&m;0if 0efBu;D Xmejzpfaomajrpm&if;OD;pD; XmerS xkwaf y;xm;aom ajr*&Hpm&Gupf mwrf;rsm;
(yHkpH 105^106) ydkifqkdifxm;ygvsuf ajr*&Hpm&Gufrsm; w&m;r0if[k ,kZeukyPDOu| OD;aX;jrifh\tpfudkt&if; OD;ykMunfudk,fwdkif ajymMum;
odrf;ydkufoGm;aMumif; todrf;cH&aom v,f,m^ajr? tcif;ydkif&Sifrsm;\ajymjy csuft&od&\/
a'ocHjynfolrsm;onf txufygjzpf&yfrsm;aMumifh tvkyfvufrJhjzpfukefMu\/ rdom;pkpm;0wfaea&; wpfESpfpm?
woufpmtmrcHcsuf&Sdaom v,fuGufrsm; todrf;cHqHk;HI;Mu jcif;aMumifh umvydkif;twGif; aiGay:aom pnf;urf;Oya'abmiftjyifbufu
vkyfief;bufodkY NydKqif;ukefawmh\/ taMumif;w&m;rsm;onf [l;aumif;csdKifh0Srf;a'oae a'ocHwdkif;&if;om; rsm;udk Oya'abmif^pnf;
tjyifbufa&mufoGm;apaom t"dutaMumif;w&m;jzpfonf/ aemufwifjyrnfh pmrsufESmrsm;rS oufaocHtcsuftvufrsm;udk Munfhyg/
tb,fvrl sKd ;rqdk bd;k acwf? ab;acwfrtS pjyK ajrvTwaf jrdik ;f rsm;udk azmfxwk &f iS ;f vif; om;orD;acwf? ajr;acwftxdEpS af ygi;f
q,fpkESpfxyfNyD; dk;om;ajzmifhrSefaom rGefjrwfaom 0rf;pma&;twGuf om;pOfajrqufydkifqdkifaom v,fajrvkyfudkif&if;toufarG;jcif;udk w&m;r0if[k
orkwfowfrSwfcH&rnfh jyemwaeYusa&mufvmvdrfhrnf[k rnfonfhvlrsdK;urS awG;rdtH rxif/ EkdifiHawmfwHqdyfwHk; EdSyfay;xm;aom
3

rdrdydkifqdkifaMumif;taxmuftxm; pm&Gufpmwef;udk ukrPD wpfck\ tpk&S,f,m0if udk,fpm;vS,ftqifhom&Sdaom vlwpfOD;wpfa,muf\ EIwfzsm;rS


w&m;r0ifaom pm&Gufpmwrf;[k Niif;y,fodrf;ydkufcH&rnfh jyemBuHKawGUvmvdrfhrnf[k rxifrSwfMu/ jyKvkyfvm ygaomfvnf; trdtzjzpfaom
EkdifiHawmftpdk;&rSw&m;0ifcefYxm;aom oufqdkif&mHk; tqifhqifhrS rSefuefonfhbuf &yfwnfajz&Sif;ay;vdrfhrnf[k ,HkMunfxm;Mu\/ EdkifiHawmf
tpdk;&onf rdrd\jynfolvlxkudk b0tmrcHcsuf ay;vdrfhrnf[k xifMu\/ xifrSwfxm;onfh twdkif;om jzpfoifh\/
EdkifiHawmftpdk;&onf EdkifiHawmfvHkNcHKa&;twGuf jynfolydkifajrrsm;udk toHk;jyK&ef vdktyfygu oufqdkif&mtBuD;tuJrsm;udk,fwdkif
tqifhqifhem;vnfoabmaygufonftxd &Sif;vif; a[majymNyD;vQif oifhavsmfaomae&mrsm;a&G;cs,f ajruGuf? tdrf,mtuGufcsay;jcif;?
tdrfaqmuf ypnf;rsm;udk tpdk;&aps;EIef;jzifh tvHktavmufa&mif;csay;jcif;? avsmufywfaom avQmfaMu;aiG rsm;ay;aqmifjcif;?
trawmfaMu;acs;iSg;ay;Ncif;rsdK; vkyfaqmifNyD;rSom odrf;ydkufoifh\/ odkYrSom EdkifiHawmfudk tkyfcsKyfaom tpdk;&onf trsm;jynfoltm;xm;aom?
jynfoludkaEG;axG;vHkNcHKrI ay;Edkifaom tpdk;&rnf\/
odaYk omf wu,fwrf;vufawGUcpH m;&aom [l;aumif;csKd i0hf rS ;f a'ocHwikd ;f &if;om;rsm;rSm tEdik uf sichf &H rIukd tjzpftysutf pHtk vif
taxmuftxm;tcdkiftrmESifhwuG tkyfcsKyfoltpdk;&xH wifjyavQmufxm; toem;cHygaomfvnf; wpHkw&mauseyfzG,fjyefMum;csuf ay:xGufrvm/
,aeYrSmum; cdkudk;&mrJhjzpfawmh\/ t&Sifvwfvwf rdom;wpfpkvHk; tiwfab;BuHKygawmhrnfhta&; awG;aMumuf &Gmdk;udk;ayguf
avQmufywfi,kd Mkd uygaomfvnf; ta&;qkad jz&Siaf y;rnfoh l ay:rvm pdw"f gwuf ek cf ef; tawG;tac:erd qhf if;um 'kpduk vf yk if ef;odYk NyKd qif;ukeaf wmhonf/
xdktvkyfum; vtenf;i,ftwGif; aiGrsm;rsm;&Edkifaom bdef;cif;pdkufysdK;jcif; vkyfief;jzpf\/ xdktcg vltrsm;onf
Oya'pnf;tjyifbuf oufqif;ukefawmh\/
wqifhedrfhusjcif;
avmurSm vljzpfaom ow0grSeforQtwGuftvGefta&;BuD;aom tajccHtcsuf oHk;csuf&Sd\/ if;wdkYrSm
1/ pm;a&;
2/ 0wfa&;
3/ aea&; jzpf\/
txufygvtYl a&;oH;k csutf euf aeYpOftoufqufaeEdik &f eftwGuf yxrta&;Bu;D qH;k rSm 0vifpmG eyfreS af tmifpm;Ekid af &;jzpf\/
rnfrQtxdta&;BuD;ygoenf;[lrl a&S;uyif wxGmavmuf rQ&Sdaom 0rf;Adkuf? vlYoufwrf;aph0vifEdkifa&;twGuf us,fajymvSaom yifv,fxufru
ork'&m[l EdIif;,SOf qkddk;pum;xm;Mu\/ ]]0rf;wxGm ork'&m}} [k pum;emxdk;xm;Mu\/
vlY0rf;Adkufonf wpfaeYvQif tenf;qHk; oHk;Budrfjznfhwif;&rnfjzpf\/ awmae vlwef;pm;rsm; ESifh cGeftm;udk&if;ESD;vkyfudkif
pm;aomuf&ef&SmazGolwdkYrSm wpfaeYoHk;Budrf rpm;rae& jzpf\/ NrdKUaevlwef;pm;rsm;onf cPcP[dkpyfpyfpm;Edkifaom jynfhpHkaomolrsm;tzdkYrSmum;
xrif; tpm; tjcm;aomcGeftm; jzpfaprnfh? Adkufjynfhaprnfh? zG,fzG,f&m&m pm;aomufEdkifMu xrif;udk waeYoHk;Budrfrpm;olrsm; vnf;
&SdMu\/ odkYaomfqif;&Jcsrf;omra&G; vlrSeforQwaeY xrif;oHk;Budrfpm;onfESifh nDrQaom tpm;t[m&rsm; pm;&onfcsnf;jzpf\/ jznhfwif;&aom
trsdK;tpm;uGJjym;aomfvnf; jznhfwif;&ef vdktyfaom EIef;xm;rSm twlwljzpf\/
4

urmOD;pvlrsm;onf waeYpmwaeY opfO? opfzkrsm;&SmazGpm;aomufvm&mrS wjznf; jznf;wdk;wuf ,Ofaus;vmaom


vlYabmiftokdif;t0dkif;jzpfvm\/ if;todkif;0dkif;ESifh tusHK;0ifaom Armjynfom;rsm;onf udk,fhajrudk,fhv,fydkifqkdifMu ork'&mwpif;pD
ydik qf ikd af omrdom;pk0iftm;vH;k \ wpfEpS pf mAduk jf ynfzh tYkd a&; v,fxeG pf yg;pduk yf sKd ;Muygonf/ xdUak Mumifh vlwOD;^rdom;pkwpfck twGuf 0rf;pma&;raMumifrh Mu
ajz&Sif;Edkif&eftwGuf vHkavmufaomv,fwuGuf rjzpfrae ykdifqdkif&ef vdktyf\/ trsm;pkrSm trSefwu,fvnf;ydkifqdkifMu\/ xdkenf;wl
[l;aumif;csKd i0hf rS ;f a'o&Sd a'ocHwikd ;f &if;om;rsm;rSmvnf; trsm;oligS vkd rMumvSaom [dtk &ifEpS af wGu v,f,majrwuGuf pDum; ydik qf idk Mf uzl;onf[k
od&\/
[l;aumif;csdKifh0Srf;a'ocH wkdif;&if;om;tm;vHk;udkum; rqdkom yg/ ,kZeukrPD\ owfrSwf{&d,m twGif;uHqdk;pGm
us a&muf aom trsm;pkrSm v,f,m ajr^ O,mOfNcHajr todrf; cHMu&ol rsm; jzpf\/ a&Munf&mrsufEk&m &SmazGum tcsdKUaom tdrfaxmif
rsm; onf aqG;rsdK;om;csif; rsm;&Sd&m a'orsm;odkY udk,fhenf;udk,fh[ef Avmcsnf; oufouf a&TUajymif;oGm; Muonf[kqkdMu\/ trsm;pkrSm
tb,fa'oudrk S rajymif;ra&GUwwf v,f,majrrsm; todr;f cHMu&ygaomfvnf; acsmif;d;k rsm; wavQmuf tenf;tusO;f use&f pfwwfaom uGuvf yfrsm;udk
ckwfxGif&Sif;vif; tvG,fenf;ESifh aiG&Edkifaom^ tcsdefwdktwGif;aiGay:Edkifaom bdef;pdkufysdK;jcif;tvkyfudk vkyfudkifMuawmh\/
tcsdKUaoma'ocH&Gmrsm;udkrl v,f,m^NcHajrrsm; odrf;ydkufaomfvnf; &Gmudkum;csefxm; ay;\/ aemufydkif; udk,fhenf;
udk,fh[efqlylrIrsm;^ urmudkwifjyaom pm&Gufpmwef;? pmapmif? pmtkyfrsm; trsm;tjym;xGufay: vmjcif;aMumifh wcsdKUw0ufaom
v,fuGufrsm;udkcsefxm;ay;\/ odkYaomf pm;usufusOf;ajrmif;jcif;? opfawmxGufypnf;rsm;&SmazG&efae&mr&Sdawmhjcif;? om;ig; &SmazGpm;aomuf&ef
acsmif;tif;rsm; uG,faysmufjcif;rsm;aMumifh 0rf;pma&;twGuf rnfodkYrQ rzlvHkEdkif? taetxdkifusOf;wxufusOf;usyf vmawmh\/
pm;Hkoufoufjzifh toufquf&efum; rjzpfEdkif/ om;orD;ta&;? ausmif;p&dwf? oma&;ema&;pm&dwf? &yfa&;&Gma&;pm&dwf?
vlrIa&;pm&dwftp&Sdaom taxGaxGp&dwf pu&SmazGjznfhqnf;&ef usef&Sdaom ta&;BuD;aomtcsufESpfcsufjzpfonfh 0wfpm;qif,ifa&;ESifh
aexdkifEdkif&eftkd;tdrfjyKjyifxlaxmifa&;twGuf ajymifovif;cgum &Gm\ausmaxmufaemufcH awmpdrf;pdrf; rsm; r&SdawmhonfrSm aeYcsif;^ncsif;
csHKcsHKusqif; uyfqdk;BuD;usovdk jzpfvmawmh\/
olwdkY\xGufaygufrSmvnf; tvm;wlyif bdef;cif;pdkufysdK;jcif;odkY vHk;vHk;usqif; oGm;awmh\/ bdef;pdkufcif;odkY
kwfcsnf;usqif;oGm;aom a'ocHwdkif;&if;om;rsm;onf bdef;aMumifh aemufqufwGJjzpfvmrnfh ab;a&SUa&;tjrifr&SdMu/
uJhodkYtodr<u,faom a'ocHrsm; ,kZeukrPDteD;0ef;usif if;wdkYbdef;cif;pdkufysdK; jcif;udkum; wm;qD;jcif;?
ynmay;[efwY m;jcif;rjyKMu/ v,fuuG rf sm;? ESp&f nS of ;D ESpH ukd cf if;rsm;yg rusexf ;kd acs ajrxd;k pufrsm;onf opfawmrsm; udik ;f awmpdr;f pdr;f rsm;udxk ;kd &if;
bde;f pduk cf if;rsm;udk jrifygaomfvnf; xd;k acsypfjcif;rjyKMu? a&SmifuiG ;f yif oGm;Mu\/ csevf yfxm;ay;Muonf[\l / a&S;,cifurl Edik if aH wmftpd;k &onf
bde;f pduk cf if;tpm;xd;k [kqukd m bde;f pduk cf if;rsm;udk zsuqf ;D ypfNy;D v,fuuG rf sm; azmfxwk af y;jcif;? tpm;xd;k oD;ESyH ifrsm; pduk yf sKd ;apjcif;rsKd ; rGejf rwfaom
vkyf&yferlemrsm;jzifh jrifzl;? Mum;zl;ygonf/ ,ckrl oD;ESHpdkufcif;rsm;? v,f,majruGufrsm;? aus;&Gmrsm;udk pufBuD;rsm;jzifh xdk;acsodrf;,l
bdef;cif;pdkufysdK;jcif;udkrl rodusdK;uRHjyKaeaom tpdk;&ESifh tpdk;&tmPmwydkif;rnfaom ,kZukrPD\ vkyf&yfonfMobmay;avmuf\
xdUkaMumifbh ed ;f cif;udk if;wd\Yk cGijhf yKcsujf zifh pduk yf sKd ;Muavoavm bde;f cif; pduk yf sKd ;apjcif;iSg tm;ay;tm;ajrmufvyk af eMuaom
txif&Sd\/ tcsdKUbdef;cif;rsm;rSm if;wdkY\yavmydeHpdkufcif;twGif; yif&SdaMumif;od&\/ 2010 azaz:0g&DvrSp befauguf ,kZe ukrPD0if;udk
cv& (297) wyf&if;rSppfom;rsm;onf vufeufBuD;i,fudk,fpDjzifh 0dkif;&H apmifhMuyfaeawmh\/ jynfolrsm;\ ajruGufrsm;ukd rw&m;odrf;ydkufaom
,kZeukrPDudk pdrfajyeajy odrf;ydkufEdkif&eftvdkYiSg vHkNcHKa&;wm0ef,lay;Muonfwum;/
,kZeukrPDpdkufcif;onf &S'l;ZGyf? befauguf? 0g&mZGyfbufwuGuf? wdefauguf? erfjzwf? aumif&m? wEdkif;bufwuGuf
5

vkyfuGuf(1) ^vkyfuGuf(2) [kcGJjcm;xm;\/ vkyfuGuf(1) bufaomfvnf;aumif;? vkyfuGuf(2) bufaomf vnfaumif; acsmif;vufwufrsm;?


ajredrfhydkif;rsm; (txl;ojzifh acsmif;urf;pyfyGifhvif;&moDpdkufcif;vkyf&ef aumif;aom acsmif;vufwufrsm;\ wzufwcsufacsmif;urf;pyfrsm;)
,kZeukrPD\ twGif;ydkif; {&d,mrsm; aomfvnf;aumif;? bdef;pdkufcif;ESifh jynfhaeawmh\/ if;taxmuftxm;udk Munfhjcif; tm;jzifh
,kZeukrPDonf bdef;pkdufysdK;rIrSmvnf; yg0ifygwfoufaeaMumif; xif&Sm;onf[k qkdEkdif\/
atmufyukH Mkdunfyh g/ atmufajryHrk mS ,kZeukrP uD kd Ekid if aH wmftpd;k &u yavmyDepH ukd cf if;vky&f ef w&m;0ifay;xm;aom ajrae&mtwGi;f
jrif&aom bde;f cif;jzpf\/ xdUkaMumifh ,kZeukrP
oD nf Ekid if aH wmf Oya'u
cGifhrjyKaom rl;,pfaq;jzpfaom bdef;rJudkvnf; a'ocHrsm;ESifh a&ma,mif
pdkufysdK;aeygaMumif; rl;,pfaq;0g; bdef;udk rvdkvm;aom urmYEkdifiHrsm;rS
odomap&ef wifjyjcif;jzpfygonf/
txufygjyemrsm;aMumifh todr<u,f a&SUa&;BudKrjrifaom
a'ocHwikd ;f &if;om;rsm; \ vlaerItqifth wef;onf ,aeY ]]tjrefacwfrDS
wd;k wufaom tdraf xmif? tjrefacwfrwDS ;kd wufaom aus;&Gm? tjrefacwfrDS
wdk;wufaom &yfuGuf^ NrdKU&Gm^jynfe,f^ wdkif;^EdkifiHwnfaqmuf
aeaom}}umv if;pepfudk OD;aqmif OD;&Guf jyKaeaom ppftpdk;&
rsufpda&SUwif wqifhNyD;wqifh edrfhqif;oGm;aeawmh\/tvG,fwul evHxl
Edkifrnfh vrf;tvif;r&Sdawmhaom b0ygwnf;/

bdef;cif;onf ,kZeukrPD{&d,mtwGif;
ajryHknTef; 47R kJ-606633 rSmawGU&aom
bd e f ; cif ; jzpf o nf /

xdkif;EdkifiHtwGuf tcsyfydk
vD'dkvrf;wavQmufvHk;rSm bdef;jzL^rJ &mraq;jym;rsm;udk trsm;qHk;a&mif;0,fjzpfxGef;aeonfrSm ,kZeukrPDwnf&Sd&m
&S'l;ZGyf&GmjzpfaMumif; od&\/
&S'l;ZGyf&Gmonf (47R kJ-658693) rSm wnf&SdNyD; ,cktcg ,kZeukrPD0if;twGif; tpdk;&wyf (cv& - 297)
wnf&SdwyfpGJxm;aom zg;uefYNrdKUe,ftwGif;wnf&SdNyD; EdkifiHawmfrS oifwef; ay;NyD;w&m;0ifcefYtyfaom Ou|OD;rkefqrf tkyfcsKyfcs,fvS,faom
&GmjzpfaMumif; od&\/
6

,ZeukrPDrS 0efxrf;rsm; txl;ojzifh bufzdk;^'lZm^xGefpufarmif;orm;rsm;onf bdef;jzL? bdef;rJ? &mraq;jym;


pGJolrsm;jzpfoGm;Muawmh\/ ,kZeukrPD\ bufzdk;^'lZm^xGefpuf armif;orm;rsm;onf ,dk;',m;(xdkif;)EkdifiHom;rsm; trsm;pkjzpfMuonf[kod&\/
Ekid if jH cm; (xdik ;f ) om;rsm;onf ,kZeukrP
rD mS pufarmif;&if; bde;f pm;? zd;k orm;rsm;? &mraq;jym;pGoJ rl sm; tjzpfoaYkd &mufreS ;f rod
a&mufoGm;Muawmh\/

ukrPDvkyfuGuf teD;tem;yif uJhodkY


bdef;cif;rsm;udk awGU&ygonf/

ukrPDuay;aom vpmESifhbdef;jzL? bdef;rJ? &mraq;jym;rsm; aeYpOf 0,faomuf dIdkuf&ef rvHkavmufyg/ xdkUaMumifh


avmifpmqD 'DZ,f? "gwfqD? tif*sif0dkifrSp pufoHk;ypnf;rSeforQ jyifyodkY cdk;a&mif;pm;aeMuawmh\/
,kZeukrPDrSm oHk;aom ypnf;rSeforQ bufx&Dtdk;? csdef;apmpufrsm;ygrusef bdef;jzL? bdef;rJ? &mraq;jym;rsm;ESifh
wdkufdkufvJvS,fjcif;? tpdk;&aps;xufavsmhenf;oufom aomaps;EIef;rsm;jzifh a&mif;pm;jcif;? paomtjrifrMunfp&m? ESvHk;rcsrf;ajrYzG,f jrifuGif;tpHk
aeYw"l0jrifae&aom npfax;aoma'o jzpfoGm;awmh\/
av;pm;tyfygaom xdkif;EdkifiHcifAsm; .... taqGawmf\EkdifiHom;&mcsD uREkfyfwdkY jrefrmEdkifiH ,kZeukrPDrSm wdkif;wyg;ynmonf
tjzpftvkyfvmvkyfaom 0efxrf;rsm;onf txufygenf;aygif;pHkeJU bdef;NzL? bdef;rJ? &mraq;jym;rsm;udk pGJaeMuygonf/ [l;aumif;csdKifh0Srf;ESifh
vD'vkd rf;rwavQmuf&dS d;k om;aom? todr<u,faom a'ocHwikd ;f &if;om;rsm;\ ,mcif;? NcaH jrrsm;? &Gmom;rsm;udk ,kZeukrP
\D ajrxd;k pufBu;D rsm;jzifh
xdk;acszsufqD;aeMu\/ bdef;jzL^rJ^ &mraq;jym;rsm;udk tvGeftuRHaomufpm; pdwfrrSefawmhjcif;? OD;aESmufazmufjyefjcif; qdk&atmif uvnf;
&Sd&SdorQudk xdk;acsjcif;r[kwfyg/ ukrPDu vufndK;xdk;nTefjy&m qif;&Jom;a'ocHrsm;\ ydkifqdkif&m ,majr^NcHcif;rsm;? &Gmrsm;udkom xdk;acs
vSvSyywnfaqmufxm;aom ukrPDydkif wdkufwef;^ &Gmwef;rsm;udkrl csefvSyfxm;wwf\/
xdkif;EdkifiHom; pufarmif;orm;rsm;\&ufpuf,kwfrmaomvkyf&ufonf xdkif;EdkifiH tpdk;&rSmvnf; wm0ef&Sd\/
,kZeukrPDonf Armjynfom;rsm;udk if;tvkyfodyfrcdkif;yg/ taMumif;rSm Armjynfom;rsm;onf aoG;csif;nDaemifawGjzpf
rQavmuf &ufpuf,kwfrmaomvkyf&ufudk cdkif;apaomfjim;vnf; vkyf&ufrnfrxif/ xdkYaMumifh wyg;EdkifiHom;rsm; aiGay;wdkif;ydkif&SiftBudKuf
vkywf wforl sm; vlvcl si;f pmemrIuif;rJah om xdik ;f Edik if oH m;rsm;udk cki;f apjcif;jzpfrnf[k xif&\/ ukrP
yD ikd &f iS f ud,k wf ikd vf nf;nDaemifArmjynfom;r[kw?f
wkwfEdkifiHom;jzpfaMumif;od&onf/ wkwfEdkifiHaumif;usdK;jynfe,fom; ZmwdjzpfaMumif;od&\/ emrnfESifh vdkuf,kwfrmaom pdwf"gwfaMumifh
vkyf&ufjcif;jzpfrnf xifrdonf/
em;rvnf ar;yg&ap ..... uREyfk wf Ykd jrefrmjynfom;tawmfrsm;rsm;onf xdik ;f Edik if rH S p ta&SUwvTm;odYk aiG&mS xGuMf uw,fqokd nf/
tb,faMumifh xdkif;EdkifiHom;rsm;onf tuREkfyfwdkY jrefrmEdkifiHodkYvm puf,mOfarmif;? pufqDcdk;a&mif;? rl;,pfaq;0g;rsm;udk vma&mufpm;aomufMu
7

oenf; b,fEdkifiHrSm ydkufqHydkrsm;aeygoenf; jrefrmEdkifiHrSm ydkufqHydkrsm;um; rjzpfEdkifyg/ ,kZeukrPDrSm tvkyfvkyf&if rl;,pfaq;0g;udk


pdefajyeajy? Zdef&Sd&Sdaomufpm;EdkifvdkYom jzpfrnf xifonf/

]]aiG&SmxGufaom wkdif;wyg;om;}}
tarausmf a'G;awmfvGrf;
wbufurf;u rD;a&mif
omvif;onf txifESifh
tpdk;r&aom&ruf
a&mufygNyD aiGyifv,f? a&Tyifv,f
ckawmh
qkyfvJpl;? pm;vnf;l;
jynfawmfrjyefEdkifwJh rif;ca,musfm;
w&GmwusDaqmuf
uysm; (u-jym;) awGxGufvm
jzL? rJ? teD eJY
BudKuf&ma&G;
oGm;&mvrf;um; wvrf;wnf;
tdk ..............
jynfausmfwJh om;a& ............
aiGxkwfydkufNyD; jyefygawmh

wkwfEdkifiHtwGuf tcsyfydk
urmrSm NyKd iqf ikd &f mS ; t&Sed tf [kejf rifrh m;pGm wd;k wufum wjynfv;kH udk a&TEiS hf uGyxf m;onfth vm;? Edik if aH wmfukd awmufajymifpmG
wnfaqmufxm;Edkifaom EdkifiHBuD;om;jzpfygonf/ rdrd\ <u,f0rIudk rwif;wdrfEdkif? wyg;EdkifiHi,fav;\ vlenf;pkjzpfaom dk;om;qif;&JvSaom
a'ocH wdkif;&if;om;rsm;udk vlvlcsif;pmemrIuif;rJhpGm tEdkifusifhaeaom rdrdEdkifiHom;vlwpfpkaMumihf w&m;aomvrf;pOfudk &SmazGaom acwf
t&Suf&oifhygonf/
8

Zmwfwlom;pm;jcif;
ppftpd;k &onf 2007 ckEpS rf mS jrefrmEdik if jH ynfv;kH uRwf Ou|^twGi;f a&;rSL; oifwef; ay;\/ if;oifwef;odYk wufa&mufciG &hf odS rl sm;rSm
ppftpdk;&wm0ef&Sdolrsm;rS pumwifa&G;cs,f aom olrsm;jzpfMu\/ &yfa&; &Gma&;ajz&Sif;ay;&ef^&Gmol&Gmom;\ aumif;usdK;aqmif&Guf&ef?
jynfolrsm;\tcuftcJudk OD;aqmifajz&Sif;ay;&ef r[kwfyg/ t&nftcsif;&Sdol? yifudk,fyg&rD udk,fusdK;pGefY trsm;tusdK; aqmif&Gufvdkaom
pdwful;pdwfoef;&Sdolrsm;udk a&G;cs,fjcif;r[kwfbJ ppftpdk;&tBuD;tuJrsm;vdk&mqGJ uBudK;qifEdkifzG,f&m&Sdolrsm;udk a&G;cs,fjcif;t"dujzpf\/
if;wdaYk &G;cs,of ifwef;ay;wifajrmufxm;aomOu|rsm; teufv'D vkd rf;r ,kZeukrP D \pduk yf sKd ;a&;{&d,me,fajrtwGi;f usa&mufaom
aemif;rD? 0g&mZGyf? v*smyg? befaumuf? &S'l;ZGyf&Gmrsm;rS Ou|? twGif;a&;rSL;? t&HrD;owfwyfzGUJ0ifrsm;rSm pHjyatmifjrifaom? ppftpdk;&\
vdkvm&mqEudk jznfhqnf;ay;Edkifaom t&nftcsif;jynfh0onfh yk*dKvfrsm;jzpfMuaMumif; od&ygonf/
if;wdkY\ pHerlemxm;avmufaom vkyfaqmifcsufatmifjrifrIrsm;rSm aemufqufwGJ pmrsufESmrsm;rS tcsuftvufrsm;udk
zwfIem;vnfNyD; Mobmay;MuygpdkY/
befaumuf&Gm
befaumuf&Gmonf vD'dkvrf;ray: ( 47R kJ- 657627 )rSm wnf&Sd\/ 1957 ckESpfrSm pwifwnfaom &Gmwpf&Gm
jzpfaMumif; ordkif;aMumif;od&ygonf/
tqdkyg&Gmonf ,kZeukrPD\tEdkifusifh vk,lrIaMumifh tdrfajctcsdKUw0ufom usefawmh\/ ,kZeukrPDESifh &S'l;ZGyfOu|
OD;rkefqrfwdkY yl;aygif;zGifhvSpfaom (NcHajr^v,fuGufrsm; udk t"rodrf;ydkufNyD; jyefvnftuGufcsay;aom&Gm) odkY t"r ajymif;a&TUcdkif;aeaMumif;jrifawGU
&\/
if;&GmodkYajymif;a&TUoltdrfaxmifwdkif;udk (6)ay oGyf (50)csyf? ysOfqdk'fpHk(4)wef? dkufoH(14)ydmESifh aiGusyf wpfodef;
ay;\/
ukrPDrS xkwfay;aomajymif;a&TUp&dwfrSm tkd;tdrfjyefvnfaqmufvkyf&ef rvHkavmufEdkif/ udk,fydkiftdk;tdrfvnf;r&Sdawmhyg/
v,fuGuf^toD;NcHvnf; yavmyDeHcif;jzpfoGm;aomaemufydkif; waeYpmwaeY &SmazGae&if; tdrfudkvnf;tNyD;owfraqmufEdkif? 0rf;pmudk;vnf;
0vifatmifr&SmazGEdkif tcufBuD;cufaom b0odkYaeYcsif;^ncsif;usa&mufoGm;awmhonf/
if;&GmodkY ajymif;a&TU&efjiif;y,faomolrsm;udk 2010 azaz:0g&Dv(3)&ufaeY ? n(11)em&Dcsdef &S'l;ZGyf&GmrS Ou|OD;rkefqrfOD;pD;
'k&JtkyfwifxGef;atmifESifh &Jom;ESpfOD;? &,utzGUJ0if OD;aZmfeef? OD;xdefvif;? t&efrD;owft&SnfBuD;ESifh ,kZeukrPDrS oifwef;ay;xm;aom
(trItcif;rsm; jzpf&if toH;k jyK&ef) tm;rmef&iS tf zGUJ0ifrsm;yl;aygi;f wtdr0f ifwtdrqf if; duk ef uf^qG&J rf;^yg;duk f armif;ESiaf wmh\/ befaumuf&mG onf
ysufudkysufap&rnf[kvnf; Budrf;armif;ajymqdk\/
&Gmom;rsm;ydik qf ikd af om a&T^aiG^vuf0wf&wemrsm;^toif;awmfyikd af iGrsm;udvk nf; vk,uf,al qmifomG ;Mu\/ nBu;D tarSmifrmS
urmysuof nftvm; jrifuiG ;f jzpf\/ ,aeYNird ;f csr;f a&;udwk nfaxmifaomumv jynfovl xl uk kd teD;uyfvNkHcKH a&;ay;aeaom &Jwyfz0UJG if rsm;ud,k wf ikd yf g0if
xdkodkYjyKrlaejcif;udk typftcwf&yfqdkif;xm;aom vufeufudkif tzGJUtpnf;rsm; yiftHhtm;oifhrdaMumif;? &Gmom;rsm;twGuf ylyefrdaMumif; ajymMu\/
19
0

if;ta&;tcif;jzpfaom njrifuiG ;f rSm 'kw,d urmppfumvu *smref&aJ bmfrsm; *sL;&yfuuG of 0Ykd ifa&mufp;D ESi;f onfh twdik ;f jzpfaMumif;
&Gmom;rsm;ajymjyMu\/ tcif;jzpfaomn vk,lodrf;ydkufoGm;aom a&T? aiG? ypnf;rsm;pm&if;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpf\/
1/ OD;iGg;&JUqJ\ aetdrfrS - usyfaiG 500000^- (ig;odef;wdwd)ESifh tom;ajcmuf (15)ydm
2/ OD;iGg;a*sqmaetdrfrS - Muuf (3)aumif
3/ a':em;rm;,Jh - toif;awmftvSLaiG 18000^- (wpfaomif;&Spfaxmif)ESifh udk,fydkifaiG 2500 usyfESifh Muuf (3)aumif
4/ OD;a*sqD;[maetdrfrS - usyf 200000^- (ESpfodef;)
5/ OD;iGg;qD;a,mfaetdrfrS - usyf 35000 (oHk;aomif;ig;axmif)
6/ OD;a,m[efudk aoewfjzifhypfcwfNcdrf;ajcmufonf/
7/ OD;'D;qma'GUaetdrfrS - tdrf&SifaMumufvefYxGufajy;^ wtdrfvHk;&SmazGarGaemuf? Muuf (6) aumif
8/ OD;zdk;om;\ZeD;tm; vufqGJyg;dkuf
9/ OD;aZmfzefZeD;tm; aoewfjzifhNcdrf;ajcmuf
10/ a':qmvD,Jh\ a&Tem;uyf,loGm;
11/ armifqmqJhtm; aoewf'ifjzihfdkufeuf
txufygpm&if;onf tao;pdwfpm&if;r[kwfyg/ wcsdKUtdrfom;rsm; aMumufvefY xGufajy;oGm; pm&if;r&yg/
,ckvjkdzpfjcif;onf &yf&mG Ou|jzpfaom OD;rkeqf rfu,kd wf ikd af cgi;f aqmifjcif;jzpf\/ ,kZeukrP wD m0ef&odS rl sm;onf Ou|rsm;udtk ydik uf ikd f
&Gmrsm;udkBudKufovdkcs,fvS,fjcif;jzpfaMumif; od&\/ ,kZeukrPDrS OD;rkefqrfudk aiGay;odrf;oGif;jcif;jzpfaMumif; vnf;od&\/
&yf&Gmrsm;udk ,kZeukrPDtm;vufndKxdk;a&mif;pm;jcif;vnf; jzpfaMumif;ajymMu\/ ,kZeukrPDwm0ef&Sdolrsm;tajymt&^
&yf&mG rsm;udk ukrP rD oS rd ;f yduk jf cif;r[kw?f Ou|ud,k wf ikd f rdrwd &Ykd yfo&l yfom;rsm;onf ,kZeukrP ED iS yhf ;l aygi;f vdak Mumif; avQmufvmT wif Ou|\tvd&k odS nfh
twdkif;aqmif&Gufjcif;omjzpfaMumif; rsufESmvTJajymMuaMumif; od&\/
if;wdkY\ &GmodkYajymif;a&TUolrsm;udk yHkpHpm&GufavQmufvTma&; rdrdudk,fwdkif auseyfpdwf jzifh 0ifa&mufcdkvHkjcif;jzpfaMumif;
avQmufvTmay:vufrSwfxdk;cdkif;aMumif;od&\/ avQmufvTmyHkpH udkaemufqufwGJwGif wifjyxm;ygonf/
&S'l;ZGyfOu| OD;rkefqrfonf a'ocHwdkif;&if;om;wpfOD;jzpf\/ odkYaomf aoG;csif;wdkY\ &SdorQaom ydkifqdkifcGifhudkvdkvm;ol
,kZeukrP
ED iS ahf iGaMu;jzifh yl;aygi;f Ny;D ? ukrP
\D axmufyahH iG (pmyGaJG y:^pmyGaJ tmuf)jzifh 0vifaom ppftpd;k &udk ykaH tmNy;D zg;uyfjcif;jzpfaMumif;od&\/
aqGrsdK;om;csif;^ a'ocHaoG;csif;awGudk tmPmydkifrsm;ESifhyl;aygif; tEdkifusifhaeaom tom;xJuavmufxGufoljzpfaMumif;
ajymMu\/
wd;k wd;k yke;f twlupm;cJah om? ig;twlrQm;cJah om? at;twlytl rQaecJah om oli,fcsi;f rsm;udvk nf; riJnh m yg/ tdref ;D csi;f udvk nf;
csefrxm;yg/ aqGrsdK;om;csif;vnf; rodawmhyg/ ausmif;awmfu &nf;pm;a[mif;udkvnf; rpmemyg/ *syefacwfu *syefawGudkac:vmNyD;&GmvHk;uRwf
dkufeufrd;dIUwwfaom Armjynfom;tcsif;csif; aoG;pkwfaomyHkpHtwdkif;ygyJ/

bdef;pdkufcif;ESifh ppftpdk;&ppfwyf
c&v 297 (&S'l;ZGyf)rS 'kt&mcHAdkvftqifh&Sd atmifzkef;Edkifonfvufatmufi,fom;rsm; ESifhtwl vufeufudk,fpDudkifaqmifvsuf
azaz:0g&Dvqef;ydkif;0ef;usif bdef;cif;ydkif&Sifrsm;xH wyf&if;&HyHkaiGtjzpf ydkufqHaumufcHoGm;aMumif;od&ygonf/
trnfrazmfjyawmhyg) ud,k wf ikd cf ikd ;f apjcif;jzpfonf[k t&mcHAvkd af tmifzek ;f Edik uf ,kd wf ikd f ajymoGm;ygonf/
t&mcHAvkd af tmifzek ;f Edik Ef iS thf zGUuJ kd wyf&if;rSL; (trnf
azaz:0g&vD v,fyikd ;f tqdyk gbed ;f pduk cf if;rsm;odYk t&mcHAvkd f atmifzek ;f Edik Ef iS thf zGUJ 'kwk ,d tBurd xf yfraH &muf&vdS mNy;D bde;f cif;wcif;vQif
50000^-(ig;aomif;usyf) pD awmif;cHoGm;aMumif;od&ygonf/
aiGawmif;cH&&Sdaom bdef;cif;rsm;udkzsufqD;ypfjcif; rjyKyg/ if;tzGJUa&mufvmcsdef ydkif&Sifr&Sdaom bdef;cif;rsm;udk
if;wdoYk wfrwS af wmif;cHaom aiGyrmPtwdik ;f ay;aqmif&efjiif;y,fjcif; (od)Yk rwwfEikd af om bde;f cif;rsm;udk teD;0ef;usirf vS al c: zsuqf ;D ^EIwyf pfaMumif;
rsufjrifudk,fawGU od&Sd&ygonf/
xdaYk Mumifh tcGeaf y;aqmifEikd yf gu vD'vkd rf;rwavQmufEiS hf [l;aumif;csKd i0hf rS ;f wGif bde;f cif;pduk yf sKd ;jcif;onf w&m;0ifvyk if ef;ozG,f
jzpfaeygonf/
txufazmfjyygpm&if;onf 0&mZGyf? &S'l;ZGyfteD;0ef;usif cv&(197)&S'l;ZGyf wyf&if;rS awmif;cHoGm;aomtrSefaiGpm&if;
jzpfygonf/ cv& (297) &S'l;ZGyfwyf&if;rS awmif;cHonfhtwdkif; tjcm;aomwyf&if;wyfzGUJrsm;vnf; txufygenf;twdkif;yif awmif;&rf;aeygonf/
xdkYtwl txl;rl;,pf? jynfol&JrsdK;pHk? (usm;xdef;odrf;a&;&Jtyg)? opfawmponfjzifh Xmeaygif;pHkrSvnf; aumufcHawmif;&rf;aeMuygonf/
[l;aumif;csdKifh0Srf; wEkdif;(odkY)csif;wGif;jrpfdk;wavQmuf wHkacsmif;? w0rfacsmif; w0dkufrSmvnf; 'upkXgecsKyfESifh
tvGefeD;uyfvsuf&Sdaom 0ef;usifwGifvnf;us,fjyefYvSaom bdef;cif;rsm;ESifh jynfheufaeygonf/
[l;aumif;csdKifh0Srf;a'otwGif;&Sd bdef;cif;rsm;onf rsm;jym;vGef;ygojzifh pmapmifwGif"gwfyHktcsdKUudkom oufaotjzpfwifjy
xm;ygonf/
e*H k ;
uRefawmfpma&;olonf wEdkif;a'ocHwpfOD;jzpfNyD;? EdkifiH&yfjcm;odkYynmoif&if; xdkif;ESifh tdEd,tajccsaexdkifol jzpfygaMumif;
0efcHygonf/
pmapmifwcsKd U? tquftoG,f oli,fcsi;f wcsKd U\owif;pum;aMumifh r,Hrk &Jjzifh 2010ESpOf ;D ydik ;f rSm ud,k ahf jrud,k Xf maea[mif;jzpfaom
[l;aumif;csdKifh0Srf;odkYa&muf&Sd avhvmcJhygonf/
pmtkyfudk uRefawmfhrsufjrifESifh a'ocHaoG;csif;rsm;rsuf&nf rsufcGufESifh idka<u; ajymjyMuaom tcsuftvufrsm;udkpkpnf;
wifjyjcif;jzpfygonf/
uRefawmhf &nf&G,fcsufrSm a'ocHwdkif;&if;om;rsm;? uRefawmfhaoGcsif;rsm;? v,fajr^ NcHcif;rsm;todrf;cH&aom uRefawmhf
nD&if;tpfurkd sm;\b0udk pmemoem;ygaomfvnf; rnforYkd Q rwwfEikd ?f tb,ftpd;k &xHurkd vS nf; rwifavQmufay;wwfaomaMumifh wifjyNy;D tcsutf vuf
tjzpfreS rf sm;udk Edik if wH umrS em;vnfo&d NdS y;D d;k om;ajzmifrh wfaomjynfovl xl uk kd trSewf u,f vHNk cKH rtI umtuG,af y;vdak om? w&m;aomzufr&S yfwnf
vlYtcGifhta&;udkwefzdk;xm;aom tpdk;&EdkifiHrsm;? zGUHNzdK;a&;udkwnfaqmufaeaom (NGO)tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? jrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf 'Drdkua&pD
11

&&Sda&;BudK;yrf;aeaom jynfwGif;jynfyrS'Drdkua&pDtzGUJtpnf;rsm;? jrefrmEdkifiHudk 'Drdkua&pDpepfodkY OD;aqmifaeygonf[k a<u;aMumfaeaom


ppftpd;k &tBu;D tuJrsm;taejzifh uReaf wmfch sKujf rK yZf mwd jzpfaom [l;aumif;csKd i0hf rS ;f vGijf yifEiS hf vD'vkd rf;rwavQmuf ,ckvuf&udS mvtrSewf u,fjzpfaeaom
jzpf&yftrSefudk trSefw&m;bufrS&yfwnf jynfolvlxkudku,fwifEdkiftwGuf &nf&G,fNyD; a&;om;jyKpkwifjyjzefYa0jcif; jzpfygonf/
uRefawmhfpmtkyfjzpfajrmufa&;twGuf tbufbufrSulnDNyD;trSefw&m;udk azmfxkwfay; aom um,uH&SifjynfolaoG;csif;rsm;udk
u,fwifvrf;jyrnfhol ay:aygufygap[k qEjyKqkawmif; ay;ygonf/ aiGa&;aMu;a&;twGuf rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,muftultnDudkrS rawmif;cHcJhyg/
uRefawmf\ukefusrIonf jzpf&yfrSefudk vufawGUcHpm;ae&aom aoG;csif;rsm;udk Zmwdrmefjzifh ulnDcsifaomqEaMumifh pkaqmif;&orQaom
aiGaMu;udktukeftuscHjcif;jzpfaMumif; a'ocHrsm; odygap/
trSewf &m;jzifh vlvcl si;f pmemaxmufxm;pdwjf zifh vrf;jyay;ygurnfowl pfO;D wpfa,mufuakd omfvnf;aumif;? Edik if aH wmfutkd yk cf sKyaf om
rnfonfhEdkifiHtpdk;&udkaomfvnf;aumif; wdkufcdkuf a&;om;jcif;r[kwfygaMumif;udkvnf; wifjytyfygonf/

FFFFFF

GGGGGG

12

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

bdef;pdkufcif; ESifh ,kZeukrPD

2010 azaz:0g&D 28 &uf

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

You might also like