What is physical education

Physical education trends have developed recently to incorporate a greater variety of activities. Introducing students to lifetime activities like bowling, walking/hiking, or Frisbee at an early age can help students develop good activity habits that will carry over into adulthood. Some teachers have even begun to incorporate stress-reduction techniques such as yoga and deep-breathing. Teaching non-traditional sports to students may also provide the necessary motivation for students to increase their activity, and can help students learn about different cultures. For example, while teaching a unit about lacrosse (in, say, Arizona, USA), students can also learn a little bit about the Native American cultures of the Northeast and Eastern Canada, where lacrosse originated. Teaching non-traditional (or non-native) sports provides a great opportunity to integrate academic concepts from other subjects as well (social studies from the example above), which may now be required of many P.E. teachers. There are also many different models that have been created as of late that change the face of P.E. One example of this is the Health Club Model. Teaching with this model is very different from the "Organized Recess" of 20 or 30 years ago. Spun off the boom in the health club industry, a P.E. class provides many of the same "classes" that are found at a health club. Monday a student could be doing kickboxing, the next day is yoga, Wednesday the student is doing aerobics. This type of program provides a great variety of activity for students, a lot of high intensity exercise, and helps introduce these activities for use later in life. The Sports Education model is another example of a new model were the class is run like a sports league, with students taking the role of coaches, scorers, referees, and reporters as well as players. Using this model, students practice management skills, mathematics skills, and writing skill all while learning sports skills and being active. Another trend is the incorporation of Health and Nutrition to the physical education curriculum. The Child Nutrition and WIC Re-authorization Act of 2004 required that all school districts with a federally funded school meal program develop wellness policies that address nutrition and physical activity.[2] While teaching students sports and movement skills, P.E. teachers are now incorporating short health and nutrition lessons into the curriculum. This is more prevalent at the elementary school level, where students do not have a specific Health class. Recently most elementary schools have specific health classes for students as well as physical education class. With the recent outbreaks of diseases such as swine flu, school districts are making it mandatory for students to learn about practicing good hygiene along with other health topics. Today many states require Physical Education teachers to be certified to teach Health also. Many colleges and Universities offer both Physical Education and Health as one certification. This push towards Health education, is beginning in the intermediate level, including lessons on bullying, self esteem and stress and anger management. In the United States, the physical education curriculum is designed to allow school pupils a full range of modern opportunities, dozens of sports and hundreds of carefully reviewed drills and exercises, including exposure to the education with the use of pedometer, GPS, and heart rate monitors, as well as state-of-the-art exercise machines in the upper grades. Some martial arts

classes, like wrestling in the United States, and Pencak Silat in France, Indonesia and Malaysia, are taught to teach children self-defense and to feel good about themselves. The physical education curriculum is designed to allow students to experience at least a minimum exposure to the following categories of activities: aquatics, conditioning activities, gymnastics, individual/dual sports, team sports, rhythms, and dance. Students are encouraged to continue to explore those activities in which they have a primary interest by effectively managing their community resources. In these areas, a planned sequence of learning experiences is designed to support a progression of student development. This allows kids through 6th grade to be introduced to sports, fitness, and teamwork in order to be better prepared for the middle and high school age. In 1975, the United States House of Representatives voted to require school physical education classes include both genders.[3] Some high school and some middle school PE classes are single-sex. Requiring individuals to participate in physical education activities, such as dodge ball, flag football, and other competitive sports remains a controversial subject because of the social impact these have on young children. It is, however, important to note that many school budgets have seen cutbacks and in some cases physical education programs have been cut - leaving
educators and students to address these needs in other ways.

History of gymnastic and aerobics

Gymnastics is a sport involving performance of exercises requiring physical strength, flexibility, agility, coordination, balance, grace and passion for the sport. Internationally, all of the gymnastic sports are governed by the Fdration Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG) with each country having its own national governing body affiliated to FIG. Competitive Artistic gymnastics is the best known of the gymnastic sports. It typically involves the women's events of uneven parallel bars, balance beam, floor exercise, and vault. Men's events include floor exercise, pommel horse, still rings, vault, parallel bars, and high bar. Gymnastics evolved from exercises used by the ancient Greeks, that included skills for mounting and dismounting a horse, and from circus performance skills. Other gymnastic sports include rhythmic gymnastics, the various trampolining sports, aerobic and acrobatic gymnastics. Participants can include children as young as five years old doing kindergym and children's gymnastics, recreational gymnasts of ages 5 and up, competitive gymnasts at varying levels of skill, and world class athletes.

History of aerobics
Aerobics is a fairly new form of exercise. It was Dr. Kenneth H. Cooper, an exercise physiologist for the San Antonio Air Force Hospital, Texas, who coined the term 'aerobics' to describe the system of exercise that he devised to help prevent coronary artery disease. Dr. Cooper originally formulated aerobic exercises specifically for astronauts, but soon realized that the same set of exercises are useful for the general public as well, especially those suffering from obesity, who are more likely to develop various heart diseases. He put together all of the aspects and methods he founded in his book Aerobics, which hit bookshelves across the United States in 1968. In a matter of months, the book became a bit hit amongst the fitness-minded American public, and its sales quickly crossed the million dollar mark, a feat that non-fiction or non-novel publications rarely achieved at that time. Expert analysts attributed the huge popularity that Aerobics received in sales, to the growing realization amongst the American public regarding the importance of being fit. The percentage of fit Americans had been in a downslide as the average man and woman had begun to live a sedentary lifestyle, seeking solace in the many comforts that advancements in technology offered in the post WWII years. Many were desperate to shed their idling lifestyles, and the timing of Aerobics to hit bookstands could not have been any better. The new book, explaining a number of scientific exercise programs that use walking, jogging, bicycling, and swimming in a constructive way, was not only easy for the public to follow, but was also found to be very effective in boosting overall fitness levels, and there began the revolution an exercise form that was to take the fitness world by storm. Aerobic exercises evolved continuously during the next two or three decades. Dance aerobics, water aerobics, step aerobics, all were the products of that period. Even Dr. Cooper himself would not have thought at that time that his brainchild would one day achieve such diversity and unparalleled levels of popularity in the world. Now, it is believed that there are more than one billion aerobic followers around the globe, more than half of whom reside in the North American continent alone. Aerobics, like many other exercise and diet forms, has not had a smooth transition into the fitness schedules of people without its share of complaints and criticisms. The foremost amongst the negative arguments raised against aerobics was that it is not a complete exercise form, and hence not suitable for athletes and combat services, as Dr. Cooper claimed when he formulated aerobics in its original form. Certain critics complained about how aerobics could injure a person in the long run, and how aerobics is ineffective in reducing obesity. But, when juxtaposed with a sedentary lifestyle, the positives of aerobics far outweigh the negatives and soon fitness experts started to promote aerobic exercise as a major item in their workout schedules. Also, its effectiveness when combined with other workouts drew more people into trying out the new

workout. Unable to raise any creative debate on the topic further, the last bits of criticism on aerobics soon died down, never to stick its neck out again. These days, however, in most fitness centers across the country, one may not be able to find the original aerobics that Dr. Cooper invented. Instead, it is the more evolved versions of aerobics, the ones mentioned already along with the much popular Jazzercise, a combination of aerobics and Jazz music, Nia Technique, and Cardio-Kickboxing, that mostly dominates the daily schedules of fitness clubs. While at the gym, perusing the cardio classes that are offered, if you find something different, that you've never heard of before, it is most likely the invention of some forward thinking fitness instructor, based upon the original practices of aerobic exercise. If you want to know more about aerobic exercise and its sub-divisions, search the web. You can find plenty of resources on aerobics and its variants, from proven experts in the trade.

Objectives of gymnastics
The objective of gymnastics is continual improvement. The desire of every gymnast is to push their physical limits, and to build a rock solid foundation of grace, agility, strength, awareness, dexterity, determination, and confidence so that they may achieve what others find impossible. The objectives of the gymnastics are
y y y y y y y

grace agility awareness strength confidence determination and coordination

Objectives of aerobics
The founder of Aerobics, Dr. Kenneth Cooper, states that the objective of aerobics is to improve the organs involved in processing oxygen by raising the heart rate to 120 - 160 beats and maintaining it there for 20 - 25 minutes.

Before starting a strenuous exercise routine, get yourself checked by your doctor. If you are over 40, or obese, or have a history of diabetes, heart disease or hypertension, consult a cardiologist and insist on an ECG examination and any other tests. The American College of Sports Medicine recommends stress tests for all deskbound adults planning to start a vigorous exercise program. Once you have your doctorss okay, start slow and then pick up intensity.
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Assess your fitness level by consulting with a professional trainer or even a more experienced partner. They will make sure that you dont overdo the aerobic exercise, and that everything is done safely and correctly.

Identify your weak areas. For example, if you have arthritis, a heated aqua exercise is much better than a high impact dancercise.

But before you embark on an aerobic activity, warm up the muscles. Stretch properly to avoid injuries. After you are done with the exercise, cool down your body to prevent injuries.

Step of gymnastic
Split

A split is one of those moves that is really easy for some people and much harder for others. Even if youre as tight as can be, though, youll still be able to master it if you work hard at your stretching.

Learning a center split is just as essential as a front split to your gymnastics. Youll use a center split in straddle jumps, side leaps, press to handstands, stalders, flairs on pommel horse, and scales. Heres how to get a great center split, with stretches for all the different muscles youll use.

Handstand

Mastering a handstand is one of the most important steps to becoming a gymnast. Sooner or later, you'll be doing a handstand on just about every event, and learning a solid one will help you improve quickly in the gym.

Bridge

How to do a bridge -- the cornerstone of front and back walkovers, and more. A good bridge will also help you improve your shoulder flexibility, a valuable asset for any gymnast.

Back Walkover

Once you can do a bridge, it's time to start learning a back walkover. Here's your step-by-step guide to the drills and stretches.

Back Flip

A back flip is considered a basic skill in gymnastics, but only because it is a building block to many other skills. It's not a simple move to learn, but once you do, you've achieved one of the biggest milestones of the sport.

Step of aerobics
Low Impact Aerobics

There exist people, who can't perform high intensity workout, because maybe they have some health problems or their poor health conditions. For such people, low impact aerobics is the precise workout choice. Low impact aerobic exercise comprehends rhythmic movements, with exercising of the large muscle groups.

Water Aerobics

Water aerobic exercises are an agreeable way to exercise over the hot summers. Maybe the work out can seem like one splashing surrounding the pool waters, yet those who are seriously into water aerobic exercise claim it's an excellent method to burn out unwanted flab from the body and build inner strength. In effect, health experts declare that the water aerobic exercise is good for people ailing from arthritis and other problems many times.

Step aerobics

Water aerobic exercises are an agreeable way to exercise over the hot summers. Maybe the work out can seem like one splashing surrounding the pool waters, yet those who are seriously into water aerobic exercise claim it's an excellent method to burn out unwanted flab from the body and build inner strength. In effect, health experts declare that the water aerobic exercise is good for people ailing from arthritis and other problems many times.

Dance Aerobics

Aerobic dance integrates exercise and dance movements into routines that are practiced with the music. Many dance ways are used, including ballet, jazz, and disco. Aerobic dance classes integrate fat-burning aerobics with develop of the muscle and stretching exercises. There is no jumping around in low-impact aerobic dance. Your foot is on the ground all times. This kind of aerobic is slower and it is simpler to do than intermediate and advanced classes.