Government of Andhra Pradesh

SOCIO ECONOMIC SURVEY 2009-10

PLANNING DEPARTMENT
A.P. SECRETARIAT, HYDERABAD

CONTENTS
Chapter ----------Pages --------

General Review

1 12

Macro-Economic Aggregates

13 16

Public Finance

17 18

Prices, Wages and Public Distribution

19 -22

Agriculture and Allied Activities

23-59

Industries

60-76

Economic Infrastructure

77-105

Social Infrastructure

106-184

Poverty, Employment and Unemployment

185-188

10

Eleventh Five Year Plan An Appraisal

189-196

Annexures

197-276

ANNEXURES

General
Page 1 2 3 4 General Review Macro-Economic Aggregates Public Finance Prices, Wages and Public Distribution 1 12 13 16 17 18 19 -22

Economic Sectors
Page

Agriculture and Allied Activities

23-59

Industries

60-76

Economic Infrastructure

77-105

Social Sectors
Page

Social Infrastructure

106-184

Poverty, Employment and Unemployment

185-188

10

Eleventh Five Year Plan An Appraisal

189-196

ANNEXURES
S.No. -------Chapter ----------Pages --------

Annexures 2.1 to 2.15

197 -210

Annexures 3.1 to 3.7

211 -217

Annexures 4.1

218

Annexures 5.1 to 5.25

219-239

Annexures 6.1 to 6.8

240-247

Annexures 7.1 to 7.7

248-255

Annexures 8.1 to 8.17

256-271

Annexures 9.1 to 9.5

272-275

Annexures 10.1

276

GENERAL REVIEW
Andhra Pradesh State is endowed with bountiful natural and human resources with competitive socio-economic advantages. The state has a total geographical area of 275.04 lakh hectares accounting for 8.37% of the Countrys area. Andhra Pradesh is situated in a tropical region and has the 2nd longest coastline of 974 km in the country, indicating rich potential for marine fisheries. While the state is ranked 4th largest in the country in terms of area, its projected population of 8.40 crores as on 1st March, 2010, makes it the 5th most populous State. The state has a rich and diverse forest area having wide and varied vegetation types enriched by a variety of flora and fauna. Andhra Pradesh located strategically in the central region of the Indian sub-continent has a large part of the generic Indian floral and faunal representation. The state has a large river system which supplements the rainfall in the state. The total surface water of entire river systems across the State is estimated at 2,764 TMC at 75% dependability. Economy The economy of Andhra Pradesh since its formation in 1956 progressed rather slowly and turned vibrant over a period of time. The broad picture of the A.P. economy since independence appears to follow the millennial historic flow indicating rise, decline and eventual restoration. Experts broadly agree that after independence, A.Ps economy like the national economy broke from the past growth trend in and around 1980. The average annual growth of the economy of the Andhra Pradesh till beginning of 80s was a little over 3%. The economy of the State slowly yet surely started progressing to a higher growth trajectory after 80s. The State, since its formation at the stroke of Second Five Year Plan, has been successfully implementing various policy initiatives and growth oriented programs focusing essentially on poverty alleviation and employment generation to record higher growth. However, after a moderate performance during the Ninth Five Year Plan (1997-98 to 2001-02), when the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) grew at a modest rate of 5.59%, the economy of the State accelerated in the 10th Five Year Plan (2002-03 to 200607) to record an average impressive growth of 8.33%. Due to a number of strategic initiatives put in place in the State, by and large the living standards of the people have improved. The strength of the economy is evident from the remarkable transition to a high growth path, which has been achieved in the recent years. Macro-Economic Aggregates The state economy witnessed the strongest phase during the period 2004-05 to 2008-09. While the Nations economy grew at an impressive rate of 8.49% during this period, the performance of the State economy was even more impressive as it registered an average growth of 9.07% during 2004-05 to 2008-09. The notable feature of the state economy during this period was remarkable progress registered by all the three sectors of the economy. In spite of the global economic crisis during 2008-09, the GSDP (Quick Estimates) at constant prices(1999-2000) is estimated at Rs.2,51,431 crores as against Rs.2,39,372 crores for the year 2007-08 (Provisional Estimates) for the state with a modest rate of 5.04% and the three sectors namely agriculture, industry, and services respectively grew at rates of 1.20%, 0.22% and 9.58% respectively in the state. The Per Capita Income of Andhra Pradesh at current prices is estimated at Rs.40,902 in 2008-09 (Quick Estimates) as against Rs.35,600 in 2007-08 (Provisional Estimate) registering a growth of 14.89 percent. The Per capita Income at constant (1999-2000) prices has gone up from Rs.26,229 in 200708 to Rs.27,362 in 2008-09 registering a growth rate of 4.32 per cent.

Public Finance The States own tax revenues have grown by 16% in the year 2008-09 over the previous year i.e. 2007-08 and stood at Rs.33,358 crores. The States own non-tax revenue has grown by 37% in the year 2008-09 over the previous year i.e. 2007-08 and stood at Rs.9,683 crores. Sales Tax continues to be the major source of revenue in the State. The revenue realized through Sales Tax during 2008-09 was Rs.21,852 Crores as against Rs.19,026 Crores during 2007-08 registering an increase of 14.85%. Out of total expenditure of Rs.75,264 Crores during the year 2008-09, capital expenditure was 13.77%. Prices The Average Daily Retail Prices of Rice (II sort), Redgramdal (II-sort), Red Chillies Dry (Gr-II) and Onions have shown increasing trend where as the prices of Groundnut Oil and Common Tamarind (Without Seed) have shown decreasing trend during the period from April to September,09 when compared to the corresponding period of last year. During the period from April to September, 09, Consumer Price Indices for Industrial Workers (CPIIW) increased by 14.08% and 10.56% in the State and All India respectively, when compared to the previous year April to September,08. During April to September, 09, the CPI-AL increased by 12.44% in the State and 11.66% at All India level, when compared to the corresponding period of previous year. The Average Daily Wages of Artisans and Field Labour of both men and women have increased during the period April to September,09, when compared to the corresponding period of previous year. Public Distribution There are 43,060 Fair Price Shops functioning in the State as on 31.03.09. Out of them, 6,947 are in urban areas and 36,113 are in rural areas. Seasonal Conditions The rainfall received during the South west monsoon period for 2009-10 was 454 mm as 2

against the Normal rainfall of 624 mm recording a deficit of 27 percent. During the North East monsoon 2009-10, the average rainfall received was 185 mm and it is lower than the Normal rainfall of 224 mm recording a deficit of 17 per cent. Agriculture Advance Estimates, 2009-10 Our state had witnessed natural calamities of both drought and the worst ever floods during the year. While the State was reeling under severe drought, another calamity of unprecedented floods had hit the State during September-October, 2009. These floods caused large scale devastation in 13 districts and severely affected five districts of Kurnool, Mahabubnagar, Krishna, Guntur and Nalgonda. Even though the State faced the twin effect of both drought and floods, the advance estimates of the areas and production of various crops for the year 2009-10 are likely to be modest. In Kharif 2009-10, the estimate of the area under foodgrains is expected to be less than 42.73 lakh hectares in 2008-09. Similarly, the production estimate in 2009-10 Kharif under foodgrains is also expected to be less than 105.62 lakh tonnes in 2008-09. In Kharif 2009-10, the estimate of the area under Rice is expected to be less than 28.03 lakh hectares in 2008-09. Similarly, the production estimate in 2009-10 Kharif under Rice is also expected to be less than 83.80 lakh tonnes in 2008-09. Crop Insurance Under National Agriculture Insurance Scheme (NAIS), 20 crops during Kharif 2009 and 11 crops during 2009-10 Rabi are notified. Village as Insurance Unit under N.A.I.S. in the 22 Districts with one major crop is under implementation from Kharif 2008 season. Apart from NAIS, for the first time in the State, the Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS) on Red Chilly Crop in Guntur District on Pilot basis during Kharif 2009 season is also taken up. During Rabi 2009-10 season, Corriander crop is notified on Pilot basis under Weather

Based Crop Insurance Scheme in Adilabad, Kadapa, Kurnool and Prakasam Districts. Co-operation There are 2940 Primary Agricultural Credit Societies functioning in the State. 35.25 lakh Kisan Credit Cards have been issued to farmer members of the PACS. A.P. State Cooperative Bank has provided Rs.2788.54 crores (Kharif Rs.2587.35 crores and Rabi Rs.201.19 crores) as production credit to the farmers through the Primaries and the District Central Co-operatives in 2009-10, upto December,2009. Out of Rs.2587.35 crores loans disbursed during the Kharif under Seasonal Agrl. Operations (SAO), Oil Seeds Production Programme (OPP) and Development of Tribal Programme (DTP) are Rs.2,327.48 crores, Rs.226.94 crores and Rs.32.93 crores respectively. APCOB achieved a loaning programme of Rs.68.29 crores for disbursement of Long term Credit Loans during the year 2009-10(upto December,2009). APMARKFED has achieved a business turnover of Rs.757.61 crores during 2009-10, upto December,2009. Horticulture Horticulture is emerging as an indispensable and growing part of Agriculture, offering a wide range of choices to the farmers for crop diversification. It also provides ample opportunities for sustaining large number of agro-industries which generate substantial employment opportunities. The estimated area under Horticulture crops is 19.89 lakh hectares during 2008-09. A.P is first in production of Mango, Sweet Orange, Lime/Lemon, Papaya, Oil Palm and Tomato, third in production of Tapioca, and fourth in production of Grapes, Pomegranate, Sapota, Bhendi and Sweet Potato (NHB data base 2008). Andhra Pradesh Ranks first in production of Spices, second in production of Fruits and third in production of Flowers in the Country. Horticulture commodities worth of Rs.2,111.30 crores were exported from the state during 2008-09.

Livestock and Livestock Products Five types of regular veterinary institutions viz., 22 Veterinary Polyclinics, 3 Super Specialty Veterinary Hospitals, 278 Veterinary Hospitals, 1,826 Veterinary Dispensaries, 42 Mobile Veterinary Clinics and 3,110 Rural Livestock Units are functioning mainly to attend to animal health needs throughout the State. 252.16 Lakh common disease cases were treated, 4.50 lakh castrations conducted and 366.83 lakh vaccinations were delivered during the year, upto 30.9.09. As per the results of the sample survey, the total estimated milk production was 47.59 lakh MTs, while 8934 million eggs and 3.14 lakh MTs Meat produced in the State during 2009-10, upto Sept.2009. Fisheries Andhra Pradesh, a leading state for fisheries sector in the country, ranks first in Brackish water shrimp production, first in Fresh water prawn production, second in Fresh Water fish production and fifth in Marine fish production. The state is contributing about 40% of marine exports from the country. Fish and Prawn production during 2009-10, upto Nov.09 was 6.88 lakh Tonnes. Forestry The income accrued from forestry sector in the State was Rs.87.19 Crores in 2008-09 and Rs.42.92 Crores in 2009-10, upto September, 2009. At present, 8,499 Vana Samrakshana Samithis are functioning, managing an area of 23.94 lakh hectares within Reserved Forests. About 6.66 lakh hectares of degraded forests have been treated under Soil and moisture conservation scheme. Sericulture Sericulture is a sustainable farm-based enterprise favouring rural poor in Andhra Pradesh with low fixed capital and relatively higher returns on investment. Another important feature of Sericulture Industry is involvement of women around 60% of the work force in this activity. Andhra Pradesh is the second largest producer of Mulberry and Tasar cocoons in the country and Muga culture is in initial 3

stage. Andhra Pradesh has the privilege of producing all four types of silk called Tasar, Eri, Muga besides mulberry being predominantly practiced in Tribal areas of the State. The Tassar cocoon production is 10.61 lakhs Nos. and raw silk production is 837.32 MTs, Cocoon production is 6,698.59 MTs and the employment generation is for 4.19 lakh persons during the year 2009-10, upto September,09. Marketing There are 317 Market Committees under which 891 Markets are notified in the State. The Market Committees have Rs.184.00 crores towards market fee during 2008-09, upto September,09. Industries and Labor After introduction of Industrial Policy in August 1991, Andhra Pradesh has received investment intentions (IEM) of 6,689 proposals with an investment potential of Rs.4,37,925 crores providing employment to 11,13,817 persons so far upto 30.09.2009. Out of the above, 2,931 proposals have gone into production with an investment of Rs.54,786 crores providing employment to 4,37,344 persons. Since inception, 104 Mega Projects (above Rs.100 crores each in investment) with an investment of Rs.44,768 crores have gone into production as on 30.09.2009. 81 Mega projects with an investment of Rs. 76,106 crores are under active implementation. The State has received Rs.16,178.95 crores of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows as equity from January 2005 to September, 2009. Since beginning of the Single Window Act, 70,302 clearances were issued under Single window in respect of 40,129 units (Micro, Small, Medium & Large units) with a proposed investment of Rs.2,32,958 crores and an employment potential of 9,40,869 as on 30-09-2009. 3,164 Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises are established providing employment to 66,270 persons, involving an investment of Rs.1776.00 crores during the year 2009-10, as on 30.9.2009.

103 Special Economic Zones(SEZ) have been approved and 73 SEZs are notified. Of the 73 notified, 40 SEZs have already become operational creating 54,776 jobs, with 35,269 direct employment and 19,507 indirect employment. The estimates of Index of Industrial Production in the State for the period April to October,2009 (provisional) shows a growth of 3.9% over the same period of previous year. As per the working results of all the 29 state level public enterprises(SLPEs) during the year 2006-07, the capital employed by all the SLPEs, was Rs.28,066.43 crores and the total turnover (including other income) made was Rs.25,320.64 crores. 18 SLPEs, out of the 29, have made profit totaling to Rs.756.71 crores during 2006-07. Mines and Geology The mineral consumption is increasing due to promotion of various industries and manufacture of mineral based products. State produces about 100 to 110 million tonnes of industrial minerals and 200 million cubic meters of dimensional stones and building material. A.P. stands first in Barytes and Limestone production in the country. The state stands first in value of minor mineral production and second in total value of mineral production in the country; contributing about 9 to 10 per cent, Rs.15,966 crores during 2008-09 to the countrys mineral value production. The Mineral and Mining sector has achieved Rs.1754.51 crores of Mineral Revenue during the year 2008-09 and the State stands first in Mineral Revenue among the important Mineral Producing States of the country. During 2009-10, Mineral revenue of Rs.836.66 crores was achieved upto September 2009. Commerce and Exports The exports from the State have increased to Rs.66,698 crores in the year 2008-09 from Rs.57,343 crores of the previous year 200708. The growth in exports during the year 2008-09 is 16.31% over the last year. The exports under computer software are 4

contributing more than 50 percent to the total exports from the State during the year 200809. The other major exports from the State are Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, Fine Chemicals, Animal, Marine and Leather Products, Engineering items, Agriculture and Agro based Products, Minerals and Mineral Products etc. Irrigation During the year 2004, the Government have taken up plans for fully utilizing the available yields of Godavari and other rivers and initiated a historical beginning named JALAYAGNAM with the aim of completing the ongoing and new projects in a record time to provide immediate irrigation to water starving segments on top priority by mobilizing funds from all possible sources. Some more projects were added to Jalayagnam Programme and presently 86 projects (44 Major + 30 Medium + 4 Flood Banks + 8 Modernisation) were considered under Jalayagnam. With the above projects including Minor Irrigation and APSIDC new irrigation potential of 98.41 lakh acres will be created besides stabilization of 22.26 lakh acres. During 2004-05 to 2008-09, 12 projects were completed and water released for 19 more projects creating partial irrigation potential and the remaining projects are programmed to be completed in a time bound and planned manner. The total new Irrigation Potential created from 2004-05 to 2008-09 is 19.96 lakh acres and stabilization to an extent of 3.08 lakh acres (Total 23.04 lakh acres) under Jalayagnam projects including minor irrigation and APSIDC. As per the 4th Minor Irrigation Census conducted in the year 2006-07, there are 23.06 lakh minor irrigation sources in the state as against 20.36 lakh sources in the previous Minor Irrigation census, 2000-01, showing an increase of 13.28 per cent. Power From 1959 to 2009 September, the installed capacity has been increased from 213 Mega Watt (MW) to 13,986.89 MW; the consumers served have grown up from 2.7 5

lakhs to 212.27 lakhs, the energy handled per annum increased from 686 MU to 36,489.63 MU (April09 to Sep09). The annual total revenues from sale of power have been increased, from mere Rs.5.50 crores to Rs.15,089.92 crores (including non-tariff income). There are 3,880 sub-stations and 6,93,584 distribution transformers existing upto end of September, 2009. Government of Andhra Pradesh provided free power to Agriculture Sector with effect from 14.05.2004 in view of the extreme hardships faced by agriculture consumers in the past years. Government has also waived the power consumption arrears amounting to Rs.1,259 crores relating to agricultural consumers of DISCOMs and RESCOs. So far, 26,446 agricultural services have been released during 2009-10 up to 30.09.2009. There are 6 Major Lift Irrigation schemes at 132kV supply, 444 Nos medium and minor Lift Irrigation schemes at 33kV, 11kV and LT supply existing as on 30.09.2009. Dedicated feeders were provided for 290 HT Lift Irrigation schemes. Government is subsidizing Rs.10/- per month towards the cost of consumption of one 40Watt bulb (for 6 hours per day) during the month for 13.92 lakh consumers with a connected load of up to 250 watts and consuming up to 15 units per month effective from September 2004 billed in October 2004. Government accorded sanction for payment of Rs. 91.28 crores during 2004-05 to 200910 (upto September,09) for this purpose. The Government waived surcharge to a tune of Rs.22.13 crores for the arrears accumulated up to December 2004 (i.e. Rs.180.51 crores) in respect of 17.67 lakh SC/ST domestic consumers in SC/ST colonies and Tribal Habitations. It has also granted permission for payment of Current Consumption charges (CC charges) in 24 monthly installments to avoid burden on the consumers without levy of interest. Under Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY) program, 13,066 unelectrified habitations and 25,32,351 rural households have been electrified during the

years 2005-06 to 2009-10 (upto the end of September, 2009). During 2009-10, 68,141 pump sets have been converted into HVDS at a cost of Rs.211.82 crores, thus bringing the total number of pumpsets covered by HVDS to 5,58,144 at a total cost of Rs.1,718.10 crores up to the end of September, 2009. Buildings Plinth area of the Government Buildings (Both Residential and Non-Residential) in the State has increased from 22.80 lakh Sq.feet as on 1.4.1965 to 99.72 lakh Sq.feet as on 31.3.2009. Roads The total R&B road network in the State is 69,051 Kms as on 31-03-2009. Of this, the National Highways constitute 4,648 Kms, the State Highways constitute 10,519 Kms and Major District Roads constitute 32,170 Kms and rural roads 21,714 Kms. The density with reference to R&B road network in the state is 0.23 Kms per one square kilometer and 0.86 Kms per 1,000 persons. The total length of the rural roads under Panchayat Raj engineering department is 1,29,317 Kms in the State as on 30-9-2009. Out of this, Other District Roads consist of 8,184 Kms and village roads 1,21,249 Kms. The surface details of the road length are CC Roads 2,854 Kms; BT 31,502 Kms, WBM 22,284 Kms and Gravel 72,677 Kms. Transport Andhra Pradesh Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC) has 7 Zones, 23 Regions and 202 Depots with a total fleet strength of 21,390 buses and 1.15 lakhs employees on rolls as at the end of September,09. APSRTC is one of the largest employer in the state having 1.15 lakh employees. The staff ratio per bus has been under control at 6.04 during 2009-10 when compared to that of 6.13 in 2008-09. Employee productivity has increased to 60 KMs during 2009-10 from 58 KMs in 2008-09, upto September,08.

Airports The Hyderabad airport has registered an overall CAGR of 18.9% during 2001-02 to 2008-09 with international at 25.4% and domestic at 10.9%. The year 2008-09 has shown 12% increase in the overall volumes of freight handled with international at 38% and domestic at -12%. For the first half of the year 2009-10, Domestic Cargo have grown at a rate of CAGR 15.5%, whereas the international cargo has registered a CAGR of -2.6%. Ports There is one major Port at Visakhapatnam under Government of India and 13 NonMajor Ports under State Government. Ports offer tremendous potential for development and for the growth of a wide spectrum of maritime activities such as international shipping, coastal shipping, ship repairs, fishing, captive ports for specific industries, all weather ports, tourism and sports etc. Communications As on January 2010, there are 16,146 Post Offices in the State, of which 104 Mukhya Dak Ghars/Head Offices, 2,335 Sub Offices, 31 Extra Departmental Sub Offices and 13,676 Branch Offices. Similarly, there were 149 Telegraph Offices, 4,180 Telephone Exchanges. As per the TRAI report, there are a total of 438.94 lakh telephone connections at the end of December,09 in the state. Out of which, 24.55 lakh connections are wireline (land line) and 414.39 lakhs are wireless (GSM, CDMA and WLL (F)). Banking The number of scheduled bank offices in the State is 6,641 at the end of September, 2009. The aggregate deposits amounted to Rs.2,21,651 crores and the total bank credit advanced was of the order of Rs.2,24,549 crores as on 30-9-2009. The credit-deposit ratio of the banks in AP is 101.31% as against RBI norm of 60%.

Tourism APTDC continues to strive for promotion of new tourism products such as Eco-Tourism, Beach Tourism and Cruise Tourism. During 2008-09, 6 new Eco-tourism destinations have been promoted as novel initiatives under community based Eco-Tourism. Presently, the corporation runs a chain of 55 hotels with 1043 rooms and 2,222 beds in prime locations fostering homely ambience, an impressive fleet of 144 buses connecting important tourism locations within and outside the state. The corporation runs Sound and Light shows, owns and operates water fleet of 117 boats, Launches and pleasure rides making River and Lake cruise tourism an affordable reality. Information Technology Andhra Pradesh has emerged as a State that provides the right climate for the growth of IT business and is now one of the most preferred destinations in the Country. A.P. is at present home for major MNC - IT giants and Fortune 500 companies. As a growth engine, IT sector in A.P. is making steady strides for rapid socio economic development of the State. For the year 2008-09, the IT sector recorded an export growth rate of 24.5% as against the national average of 20.65%, with the exports turnover of Rs.32,509 crores. IT sector contributes to about 52.09% of total exports from all sectors in the State. AP State ranked fourth in IT performance in the Country. The share of IT exports from the State of Andhra Pradesh occupies 15% of national IT exports. As of 2008-09, IT sector created gainful direct IT employment to 2,51,786 persons. Population The state accounts for 7.2 per cent of the total population in the country in the year 2001, having declined from 8.3 per cent in 1961. The population of Andhra Pradesh almost quadrupled in the last century from 19.1 million in 1901 to 76.2 million in 2001. Out of which, 38.5 millions are males and 37.7 are females. The decadal growth of population was, in fact, below 15 per cent 7

until 1961; it rose till 1991 and the growth rate, 24.2 per cent during 1981-91 was the highest ever recorded. Later, it has decreased to 14.6 percent during 1991-2001 which was lower compared to the All-India rate at 21.53 percent. The density of the State is 277 persons per square kilometer as against 313 in the country. For the first time, the sex ratio in the State has increased and it stood at 978 as against 933 for All India. Population of SCs and STs works out to 16.19% and 6.59% respectively. Education The literacy rate of the state is 60.47 in 2001 as against 44.08 in 1991. The literacy rate of the state is lower than that of all India literacy rate at 64.84. While the overall literacy rate has improved, the male literacy rate has increased from 55.1 to 70.32 per cent. What is encouraging is that the female literacy rate has gone up by more than 54 percent, i.e. from 32.7 percent in 1991 to 50.43 percent in 2001. School Education Government of Andhra Pradesh intends to achieve the goal of Universalization of Elementary Education by recognizing Education as a potential instrument for Human Development. The primary goal of the state is to increase the overall literacy levels steadily. During 2008-09, in the Elementary Education sector there were 65,609 Primary Schools and 14,942 Upper Primary schools and under Secondary Education, there were 17,376 High Schools and 100 Higher Secondary schools. There was enrolment of 136.59 lakhs in the state as on 30-09-2008 in all types of schools in the state. In Higher Secondary, there was an enrolment of about 1.11 lakh. Sustained efforts are being made by Government ever since formation of Andhra Pradesh to provide teachers in all types of schools to maintain a reasonable teacher-pupil ratio. The percentage pass of students in S.S.C examinations during 2008-09 is 78.83% which is higher than the previous year pass of 75.47%.

Intermediate Education There are 4,611 Junior Colleges under different managements. Vocational courses are offered exclusively in 479 Private Junior Colleges and 12 Govt. Junior Colleges. The Percentage of pass in Intermediate Examinations in March 2008 is 60.15%. Girls performance at 62% is better than that of boys at 58%. Collegiate Education There are 249 Government Degree Colleges and 179 Aided Degree Colleges in the state with a strength of 3,64,726 students. Technical Education There are 656 Engineering Colleges, 703 MCA Colleges, 881 MBA Colleges, 278 B.Pharmacy Colleges, and 213 Polytechnics functioning in the state(includes 370MCA and 224 MBA stand-alone colleges). The intake of the students is 2,26,870 in engineering courses, 47,595 in M.C.A courses, 59,676 in MBA courses, 16,675 in Pharmacy, and 63,075 in Polytechnics. Family Welfare Estimated Birth rate, Death rate and Infant Mortality Rates for the year, 2008 in the case of State are 18.4, 7.5 and 52 respectively as against 22.8, 7.4 and 53 for All India(as per Sample Registration System). Expected life at Birth, (2006-10) for Male and Female are 65.4 and 69.4 as against 65.8 and 68.1 for All India. Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) is 154 in the state as against 254 in All India in 2004-06 as per the Sample Registration System. Government of Andhra Pradesh have been making concerted efforts to provide universal access to comprehensive health and family welfare services of acceptable standards of quality. Family welfare services are being rendered through 1,570 PHCs, 12,522 Subcenters, 131 urban family welfare centers and 82 post partum units, and 267 urban health centers in the state. 800 PHCs in backward areas have been designated as 24-hours Mother and Child Health centers to provide normal delivery services.

A.P. Vaidya Vidhana Parishad (APVVP) There are 233 hospitals in the state, of which, 17 are District Hospitals with 4,400 beds, 58 Area Hospitals with 5,800 beds, 122 Community Health Centres with 4,840 beds, 10 Specialty Hospitals with 824 beds and 26 Dispensaries under the control of APVVP. There are 1,569 Doctors on regular and 427 doctors on contract basis, 3,347 regular Nursing Staff and 343 are on contract basis and 2,161 regular Paramedical staff and 119 are on contract basis working in these hospitals. APVVP hospitals are providing out- patient, in-patient services, Diagnostic services and Laboratory services. These hospitals along with Primary Health Centers act as a platform for implementation of various national health programs like Malaria, Tuberculosis, Family welfare, AIDS, etc. Rajiv Arogya Sri The Rajiv Aarogyasri Health Care Trust was set up to implement a Community Health Insurance Scheme named Aarogyasri (now Aarogyasri-I) to provide much needed help to poor families for treatment of serious ailments, thereby saving them from debt-trap, initially in three districts during April,2007. The scheme has since been extended to the entire State with certain modifications in a phased manner. Aarogyasri-II was launched in the State in April, 2008 for cashless treatment covering about 942 diseases, thus enable many more BPL families obtain cashless treatment and lead a healthy life. The scheme provides financial protection upto Rs. 2.00 lakhs to each family in a year for medical treatment. Since inception (Aarogyasri-I from 1st April, 2007 and Aarogyasri-II from 17th July, 2008) 15,353 medical camps were held by the network hospitals in rural areas and 26.81 lakh patients were screened in these health camps. So far, 7.2 lakh patients are treated as outpatients and 5.7 lakh patients are treated as in-patients in 340 network hospitals under the scheme. 4.94 lakh patients underwent surgery/therapy worth Rs.1478.56 crores.

Health National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme, a 100% Central Sponsored Scheme is being implemented in the state, with a view to promote awareness on Goitre and Iodine Deficiency Disorders and their prevention among people, Under Diabetic Care and Control Programme, Awareness Campaigns and Screening Camps are being conducted at PHC/district level. During the year 2009-10, 64.77 lakh school children were examined under school health programme. Out of them, 32.89 lakhs were treated, while 32,190 were referred to the referral hospitals. In accordance with the goal of National Aids Control ProgrammeIII, Andhra Pradesh aims to reverse the epidemic by aiming to reduce new infections, as estimated in the first year of the program, by sixty-percent in the State by 2012. Women Development and Child Welfare With an objective to provide nutrition and proper health care, the State Government is providing Supplementary Nutrition, Immunization, Pre-school Education, Health checkups etc. are provided through Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), a 100% Central Sponsored Scheme. Girl-Child Protection Scheme to eliminate prejudice against the girl child is being implemented. 385 ICDS Projects are sanctioned with 73,944 Anganwadi Centers covering entire state. Out of which, 300 are in rural, 29 in Tribal areas and 56 in urban areas. Disablity Welfare For the welfare of disabled persons, 40 Hostels and 3 Homes are functioning in the State with a sanctioned strength of 4,215 boarders/inmates. 11 Residential Schools (6 for Hearing Impaired and 5 for Visually Impaired) are functioning in the State with a sanctioned strength of 1850. There are two Residential Junior Colleges, one for hearing impaired and another for visually impaired with a sanctioned strength of 60 each and 7 KGBV schools for disabled girls in the state. Economic Rehabilitation and Development scheme is being implemented by sanctioning 20% of the outlay as margin money and the 9

remaining 80% is being arranged through Nationalized Banks to enable the disabled person to start self employment scheme to make a living. Backward classes Welfare For Backward Classes, there are 1,422 Govt. B.C. hostels (1,102 for boys and 320 for girls) including 14 hostels for De-notified and Nomadic Tribes. A total of 1.79 lakh boarders are admitted during 2009-10. Out of 1,422 hostels, 802 hostels are located in Government buildings. 44 B.C. Residential Schools (28 for Boys and 16 for Girls) with a total strength of 14,792 students are functioning in the state. The percentage of pass in 10th class in Residential Schools in 2009 is 99.60%. 9.78 lakh Post Matric Scholarships were sanctioned during the year 2008-09 for the students. 4.17 lakh Post Matric were sanctioned during 2009-10 upto December 2009. Similarly, 10.03 lakh students have been sanctioned Reimbursement of Tuition Fee during the year 2008-09. 1.67 lakh students were sanctioned Reimbursement of Tuition Fee during the year 2009-10 upto December 2009. A.P. Backward Classes Co-operative Finance Corporation Ltd. is implementing Margin Money Programme and Rajiv Abhyudaya Yojana in the state.

Social Welfare For Scheduled Castes, there are 2,358 Hostels (Boys 1,691 and Girls 667) with an intake of 2.48 lakhs and 79 Ananda Nilayams with strength of 7,237 during 2009-10. 152 Scheduled Caste College Hostels (71 for Boys and 81 for Girls) are functioning with an intake of 21,182. In March 2009, SSC Examinations, the percentage of pass among the hostellers was 83.81 as against the States average of 78.83. A.P. Study Circle provides coaching for Civil Services Examinations of UPSC. Government based on 2001 Census, issued orders enhancing the allocations towards Special Component Plan from 15% to 16.2% of Plan funds of all the Departments from the year 2006-07 onwards.

Tribal Welfare For Scheduled Tribes, there are 599 Ashram Schools with a strength of 1.59 lakhs, 442 Hostels with a strength of 0.79 lakhs, and 4,317 Government Primary Schools (TW) with a strength of 1.02 lakh students functioning in the year 2009-10. The department is also maintaining 56 Residential Schools, 12 Residential Schools for Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs), 4 English Medium Schools, 49 Residential Junior Colleges, 2 Upgraded Residential Junior Colleges, 3 Schools of Excellence, 3 Colleges of Excellence, 41 Mini Gurukulams and 90 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas with a total strength of 73,081, of which 34,081 are boys and 39,000 are girls. Minorities Welfare A.P. State Minorities Finance Corporation is providing margin money loans and direct loans to the weaker sections of Minorities. The impact of education on girl children in the medium and long term is expected to be multi-pronged and quite positive. Youth Services During 2008-09, 24,724 units were grounded with a project cost of Rs.159.42 crores, involving a subsidy of Rs.31.63 crores. Suitable training programs are designed and implemented as per the market demand and needs of the youth to make them employable in association with the Industry. Housing Under Weaker Section Housing Program, since inception till the end of September 2009, 91,73,067 houses have been completed comprising of 84,36,505 in rural areas and 7,36,562 in urban areas. Rural water Supply and Sanitation There are 3,26,506 hand pumps, 47,839 PWS Schemes and 476 CPWS Schemes (incl. SSP Schemes) existing as on 01.04.2009. 98,048 Individual Sanitary Latrines, 1,795 School toilets and 632 Anganwadi toilets have been constructed during 2009-10 so far.

Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Government have given top priority to provide protected drinking water to all urban local bodies by strengthening the existing infrastructure and service levels. During last five years, 54 water supply schemes with an estimated cost of Rs.508.17 crores were completed adding 365 MLD of water, raising the installed capacity from 934 MLD to 1,299 MLD and thereby the average water supply was raised from 63 LPCD to 85 LPCD. During 2009-10, 12 water supply schemes were completed and commissioned so far, under plan, UIDSSMT and HUDCO grants, duly adding 129.03 MLD of water. Outer Ring Road Project (ORR) Government of Andhra Pradesh have taken up construction of 158 kms long Outer Ring Road Project around the twin cities to decongest the cities and set up a direction for the future growth of the city and its surrounding municipalities. It is an 8-lane access controlled expressway with a design speed of 120 KMPH. In addition, 2-lane service roads on either side are being provided. The entire project is being implemented in 3 phases. Rural Development Watershed Development, Drought Prone Area, Desert Development, Integrated Waste Land Development and Indira Prabha are a few important programs being implemented under Rural Development. So far, 9,301 Watersheds covering an area of 46.50 Lakh have been sanctioned, of which, 4,741 Watersheds with an area of 23.70 lakhs are completed under various watershed development programmes. First time in the history of the country, National Rural Employment Guarantee Act gives legal guarantee of providing at least 100 days of wage employment to rural households whose adult members are willing to do unskilled manual labour. This Scheme is implemented in 22 districts of Andhra Pradesh. It is State governments responsibility to provide 100 days of employment to each household. Since beginning and upto 9-10-09, 119.08 lakhs 10

Job Cards were issued; 15.64 lakh households completed 100 days of wage employment; 73.41 crores person days generated and 1.51 crores individuals have been employed. Commencing from early 80s, the process of women empowerment has swept the entire state of Andhra Pradesh in a silent and dignified manner. There are 9.33 lakh Self Help Groups (SHGs) comprising 106.61 crore rural poor women members, organized into 36,391 Village Organizations (VOs) and 1,099 Mandal Samakhyas(MSs) in the rural areas. The SHGs in A.P. constitute 27.74% of all SHGs in the country. It has substantially become possible by subsidizing interest and making loans available at 3% rate per annum. The rate of pension has been enhanced to Rs. 200/- p.m. for all pensioners and Rs. 500/- p.m to disabled persons from 2006-07. Government is distributing the pensions on first of every month to Old age persons, Weavers, Widows and Disabled Persons. Government have released an amount of Rs. 1,502.26 crores of which, Rs. 1,122.82 crores has been distributed to 66.36 lakh pensioners upto November 2009 during the year 2009-10. Dr.Y.S.R Abhaya Hastham is a cocontributory pension and insurance scheme visualized by the Government for the SHG women over and above 18 years age group in rural and urban areas to provide social security in their old age. Under this initiative, forty one lakh members have enrolled and Rs.15.00 crores is distributed to 3 lakh pensioners for the month of November, 2009 under the scheme. Remote and Interior Areas Development Programme (RIAD) The Government of Andhra Pradesh is the only state in the country to have created a separate wing in the General Administration Department for implementation of the Remote and Interior Areas Development program to co-ordinate the implementation of core socio-economic activities by various departments. The objective of the programme is to wean away the youth living in the Remote and Interior areas from the influence 11

of the left wing extremist ideologies by improving the socio-economic conditions of the people. 5,622 habitations were identified as Remote and Interior Areas under this project in 332 Mandals covering a population of 54.38 lakhs in 18 districts. Backward Region Grant Fund (BRGF-RSVY) The programme is being implemented in 13 selected districts in the State (1st phase of NREGA) with an allocation of Rs.335.28 crores under Development Grant and Rs.13 crores under Capacity Building. District plans for 13 BRGF Districts were received from the District Planning Committees and the Annual Plan for the year 2009-10 was approved for an amount of Rs. 337.09 crores for taking up 44,073 works. It includes 9,969 works with an amount of Rs. 81.89 crores under SC Sub-Plan and 5,874 works with an amount of Rs.47.30 crores under ST SubPlan. An amount of Rs.249.34 crores has been released to the districts. 5,608 works worth of Rs.76.84 crores were completed and the remaining works are in progress. Rajiv Palle Bata Rajiv Palle Bata is a program involving dialogue between the leader and the people. During the process, people get an opportunity to represent their problems directly to their leaders. A total number of 54,540 petitions have been received during Rajiv Palle Bata programme and 1,195 assurances have also been made during public interactions. 96.66% of petitions and 90.30% of assurances have been respondent to so far. Rajiv Nagara Bata Government of Andhra Pradesh launched the Rajiv Nagara Bata Program (RNBP) on 9.1.2005 with an overarching goal of deepening good urban governance in the state and enhancing basic services and livelihoods in an equitable manner in all the Urban Local Bodies. Under the program, a total of 748 assurances have come up with a cost of Rs.4,296.16 crores, of these 618 assurances have been redressed with an amount of Rs.3,021.56 crores.

The poor in urban areas are organized into Self Help Groups and they are brought together into Slum Level Federations at slum level and into Town Level Federations at town level. There are 21.78 lakh women in 1,98,019 self help groups in the 125 urban local bodies. Poverty As per the official estimates of poverty released by the Planning Commission, poverty ratios of rural areas and urban areas of AP for 2004-05 were 11.2% and 28.0% respectively and that for the State as a whole was 15.8%. The corresponding figures for All India during the same period were 28.3%, 25.7% for rural and urban areas and 27.5% for the Nation as a whole. Over the period, the percentage of people below poverty line has declined both for the State as well as for All India. The paradoxical situation in respect of Andhra Pradesh was that the urban poverty was higher than the rural poverty. Employment and Unemployment The growth of employment in the State in the early reform period(1993-94 to 1999-2000) is relatively low when compared with that of All India. It has increased and almost doubled during the period 1999-2000 to 2004-05. Unemployment rate is defined as the number of persons unemployed per 1000 persons in the labour force. Unemployment rates based on the usual principal and subsidiary status in

Andhra Pradesh and All India in general have increased over the period 1993-94 to 200405. However, during the period 1999-2000 to 2004-05, the rural and urban unemployment rates in respect of Andhra Pradesh have decreased. 11th Five Year Plan An appraisal On the back of the impressive record of economic growth coupled with a certain positive upsurge in the living standards of the people, the state economy (GSDP), on an average grew at 7.89% during the 1st two years of the 11th Five Year Plan period(200708 and 2008-09) a little ahead of All Indias GDP growth of 7.86% for the same period. The performance of the state on the Per Capita Income front is more impressive. The Planning Commission had approved a total amount of Rs.1,07,997 crores as Annual Plan outlay for Andhra Pradesh state during the first three years of the 11th Five Year Plan period. An amount of Rs.75,725 crores has been spent so far. The irrigation sector followed by Housing sector have accounted for major shares in the outlays as well as in expenditure during this period. The performance of the state in respect of other development initiatives and flagship programmes has also been encouraging.

***

12

2. MACRO ECONOMIC AGGREGATES

Gross State Domestic Product
2.1 Economic growth has been recognized to be a key factor for attaining sustained Human Development as growth should eventually lead to improvement in well being of people. The usefulness of estimating State Domestic Product (SDP) and its related aggregates in Planning and Policy making is widely known. Improvement in the availability of basic data over the years helped to review the methodology from time to time for estimating the State Domestic Product, also known as State Income, in a comprehensive manner. Updating the data base and shifting the Base year to a more recent year has constantly been undertaken so that the structural and sectoral shifts that are likely to take place in a developing economy could be properly gauged and captured. people in the State. These are referred as estimates of Per Capita Income (PCI). The state economy witnessed the strongest phase during the period 2004-05 to 2008-09. While the Nations economy grew at an impressive rate of 8.49% during this period, the performance of the State economy was even more impressive as it registered an average growth of 9.07% during 2004-05 to 2008-09. The notable feature of the state economy during this period was remarkable progress registered by all the three sectors of the economy. In spite of the global economic crisis, the GSDP (Quick Estimates) during 2008-09 at constant prices(1999-2000) is estimated at Rs.2,51,431 crores as against Rs.2,39,372 crores for the year 2007-08 (Provisional Estimates) for the state with a modest rate of 5.04% and the three sectors namely agriculture, industry, and services respectively grew at rates of 1.20%, 0.22% and 9.58% respectively in the state. Sectoral Composition The sectoral composition of GSDP both at current and constant (1999-2000) prices has undergone considerable change during the past few years. The status of composition of GSDP in 2000-01 and 2008-09(Q.E.) at constant (1999-2000) prices is shown in the following charts.

State Domestic Product (SDP) is usually estimated by Income originating approach, wherein incomes generated by the factors of production physically located within the geographical boundaries of the state are aggregated. It represents the value of goods and services produced within the state, counted without duplication during a specific period of time, usually a year. The estimates of SDP and related aggregates are prepared both at current and constant prices. These estimates of economy over a period of time reveal the extent and direction of the changes in the levels of economic development. Sectoral composition of SDP gives an idea of the relative position of different sectors in the economy over a period of time which not only indicates the real structural changes taking place in the economy but also facilitates formulation of plans for overall economic development. These estimates when studied in relation to the total population of the state indicate the level of per capita net output of goods and services available or standard of living of the

Sectoral Composition of GSDP at Constant (1999-2000) Prices in 2000-01

Agriculture 30.2% Services 47.2%

Industry 22.6%

13

Sectoral Composition of GSDP at Constant (1999-2000) Prices in 2008-09

Agriculture 24.13%

Services 50.95% Industry 24.92%

It is evident from the above, that the share of Agriculture sector in the GSDP has declined from 30.2% in 2000-01 to 24.1% by 200809(Q.E.). However, while the share of Industry sector has increased marginally from 22.6% in 2000-01 to 24.9% by 200809, the share of Services sector has progressed from 47.2% in 2000-01 to 51% by 2008-09. During the year 2008-09(GSDP - Q.E.), in the Agriculture sector, Agriculture alone has registered a negative growth rate of 1.80 percent even though the food grains production has increased but the production of Pulses, Ground Nut, Sunflower, Sugarcane and Mango has drastically come down. The foodgrains production during 2008-09 has increased to highest ever record of 204.21 lakh tonnes as compared to 198.17 lakh tonnes during 2007-08, thereby registering a growth of 3.05%. Among the sectors allied to agriculture, the Livestock sector and Fishing Sectors have respectively registered growth rates of 6.87% and 5.90%, the Forestry and Logging sector could register a relatively slender growth rate of 1.30 % during 200809. Industry sector comprising Mining and Quarrying, Manufacturing (Registered and Unregistered), Electricity, Gas and Water Supply and Construction, registered a growth rate of 0.22 per cent during 2008-09 due to decrease in production of minor minerals like road metal, gravel and morrum in the mining sector which registered a negative growth of

13.28 percent and Electricity sector also registered a negative growth of 4.34 percent due to abnormal increase in Consumer Price Index Number for Industrial Workers(CPIIW -12 centre Index). Services sector comprises Trade, Hotels and Restaurants, Transport by other means and Storage, Communications, Banking and Insurance, Real Estate and Business Services and Community, Social and Personal services. This sector registered a growth rate of 9.58 per cent during the year 2008-09. Among the sub sectors of this sector, Communications, Public Administration and Other Services have shown decent growth. Industry-wise estimates of Gross and Net State Domestic Product and percentage of variation over previous year at Current and Constant (1999-2000) prices from 2000-01 to 2008-09 are shown in Annexures 2.1 to 2.8. GSDP of State and GDP of All India The GSDP of Andhra Pradesh and GDP of all India at Constant (1999-2000) prices are shown in Table 2.1.
Table - 2.1 GSDP of A.P. and GDP of All India at Constant (19992000) Prices Year Andhra Pradesh GSDP (Rs.Crs) Growth Rate (%) All India GDP (Rs.Crs) Growth Rate (%)

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07* 2007-08# 2008-09$

139312 145185 149142 163085 176379 194437 216140 239372 251431

8.16 4.22 2.73 9.35 8.15 10.24 11.16 10.75 5.04

1864300 1972605 2048287 2222759 2388768 2616101 2871120 3129717 3339375

4.35 5.81 3.84 8.52 7.47 9.52 9.75 9.01 6.70

* Revised , # Provisional, $ Quick Source:-Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Andhra Pradesh and C.S.O., New Delhi.

The GSDP of Andhra Pradesh and GDP of All India at current and constant (1999-2000) prices from 2000-01 to 2008-09 (Q.E.) are presented in Annexure-2.9. The Central Statistical Organisation, Government of India, while releasing the Gross Domestic Product advance estimates for the year 2009-10 has shifted the base year

14

to 2004-05 from existing 1999-2000 and arrived tentatively at an all-India GDP growth rate of 7.17%. The Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Andhra Pradesh is in the process of converting and updating the GSDP growth projections for Andhra Pradesh to the new base year 2004-05 from the existing base year 1999-2000. Per Capita Income: The Per Capita Income figure gives some idea of the standard of living of the people. The Per Capita Income of Andhra Pradesh at current prices is estimated at Rs.40,902 in 2008-09 (Quick Estimate) as against Rs.35,600 in 2007-08 (Provisional Estimate) registering a growth of 14.89 percent. The Per capita Income at constant (1999-2000) prices has gone up from Rs.26,229 in 200708 to Rs.27,362 in 2008-09 registering a growth rate of 4.32 per cent. The per capita income of Andhra Pradesh and all-India at Current and Constant (1999-2000) prices are given in Annexure-2.10. Gross District Domestic Product: District Income is defined as the sum total of economic value of goods and services produced within the geographical boundaries of the district, irrespective of the fact whether persons reside inside the district or outside owning that income. The Gross District Domestic Product from 2000-01 to 2007-08 (P) both at current and constant (1999-2000) prices are given in Annexures-2.11 and 2.12 and District Per Capita Income in Annexures2.13 and 2.14. Gross Fixed Capital Formation The growth of the productive capacity of the economy of a state depends on its rate of capital accumulation and it is assessed by estimating the capital formation of that state. The higher the rate of capital accumulation, the higher would be the growth of the productive capacity of the economy, where as its paucity leads to low level of production with higher cost. Thus Capital Formation assumes paramount importance in the context of policy making by the State and Central Governments. It reveals the potentiality of the investments in the public as well as the 15

private sectors and gives net addition of the assets created during the year. The estimates of Gross Capital Formation (GCF) consists of Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) and changes in stock. GFCF is a better indicator than GCF since changes in stock is subject to more fluctuations and also non-availability of the stocks information in most of the industry groups of private sector. Hence, the estimates are confined to GFCF rather than GCF at current prices. For measurement of GFCF at State level, expenditure approach is followed as the data on imports and exports of capital goods across the state boundaries and net inflow of resources from outside the State are not available. The GFCF by industry groups has been revised for 2005-06 and 2006-07 due to Supra regional sector data supplied by C.S.O., New Delhi. The GFCF from Private Corporate and Household Sectors are based on the latest RBI studies and collection of Annual Accounts. Gross Fixed Capital Formation in Andhra Pradesh for the year 2007-08 at current prices is Rs.97,488 crores as against Rs.80,383 crores in 2007-08 by registering a growth rate of 21.28 percent. During 2007-08, the GFCF at national level is Rs.16,05,440 crores as against Rs.13,43,843 crores in 2006-07 by showing a growth rate of 19.47 percent. Year wise GFCF of A.P and All India from 2000-01 to 2007-08 at current prices are shown in Table 2.2.
Table-2.2 Gross Fixed Capital Formation in Andhra Pradesh and All India at Current Prices Andhra Pradesh Year All India

GFCF Growth GFCF Growth (Rs. Rate (Rs. Crs) Rate Crs) 2000-01 31365 7.14 477818 4.69 2001-02 34677 10.56 538179 12.63 2002-03 34784 0.31 585010 8.70 2003-04 40671 16.92 687890 17.59 2004-05 48535 19.34 895980 30.25 2005-06 64987 33.90 1112602 24.18 2006-07 80383 23.69 1343843 20.78 2007-08(P) 97488 21.28 1605440 19.47 Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Andhra Pradesh and C.S.O., New Delhi.

Gross Fixed Capital Formation as a percentage to Gross State Domestic Product (at current Market Prices) is one of the indicators to measure the productive potentials of the investments made during the year at state level. The pattern/trends of investments from 2000-01 to 2007-08 are shown in Tables 2.3 and 2.4.

Gross Fixed Capital Formation by type of institutions i.e., public and private participation in creation of assets since 200001 to 2007-08 in Andhra Pradesh is shown in Table 2.5.
Table 2.5

Gross Fixed Capital Formation in A.P and All India By Type of Institutions at Current Prices
Year 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 Andhra Pradesh Public Private 10772 20593 (34.34) (65.66) 13102 21575 (37.78) 10485 (30.14) 11789 (28.99) 13670 (28.23) 19386 (29.83) 23774 (62.22) 24299 (69.86) 28882 (71.01) 34835 (71.77) 45601 (70.17) 56608 (Rs.Crores) All India Public Private 135699 342119 (28.40) (71.60) 147709 390470 (27.45) (72.55) 154213 (26.36) 177736 (25.84) 201912 (22.54) 250577 (22.52) 313859 430797 (73.64) 510154 (74.16) 694068 (77.46) 862025 (77.48) 1029984

Table 2.3 Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Andhra Pradesh and GDP of All India at Current Market Prices (Rs.Crores) Year Andhra Pradesh All India 2000-01 152973 2102314 2001-02 168821 2278952 2002-03 181378 2454561 2003-04 204005 2754620 2004-05 229520 3149407 2005-06 258732 3586743 2006-07 300181 4129174 2007-08 352125 4723400 Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Andhra Pradesh and C.S.O., New Delhi.

(29.58) (70.42) (23.36) (76.64) 28914 68574 393336 1212104 (29.66) (70.34) (24.50) (75.50) Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Andhra Pradesh and C.S.O., New Delhi.

Table 2.4 GFCF as Percentage of GSDP/GDP Year Andhra Pradesh All India 2000-01 20.50 22.73 2001-02 20.54 23.62 2002-03 19.18 23.83 2003-04 19.94 24.97 2004-05 21.15 28.45 2005-06 25.12 31.02 2006-07 26.78 32.55 2007-08 27.69 33.99 Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Andhra Pradesh and C.S.O., New Delhi.

As seen from the above table, it is observed that creation of assets during the years, are more in Private sector as compared to Public sector in the cases both in Andhra Pradesh and All India during 2000-01 to 2007-08. Industry group wise GFCF in A.P from 2000-01 to 2007-08(P) is shown in Annexure-2.15. ***

16

3. PUBLIC FINANCE
3.1 Fiscal reforms have finally borne the fruit by bringing remarkable stability in the deficits, both revenue and fiscal, over the last four years. Efforts to reduce revenue expenditure remained the cornerstone of the fiscal management of the state. The reduction in interest rates of central loans and low interest regime which prevailed during the last four years also helped to ease the pressure on the fiscal. The policy of increasing public employment in developmental sectors like Education was continued. Governments flagship programmes like construction of Irrigation Projects and INDIRAMMA Housing Programme are creating employment opportunities to rural unorganised labour in large scale. Also the exemplary utilisation of NREGP funds, thanks to the adequate matching share from the State as well the administrative machinery which is able to plan and execute such a large number of works in a transparent manner has become a role model for other States. Revenue Mobilisation Tax collections increased during the year 2008-09 over the year 2007-08 due to strengthening of tax collection mechanism. The average rate of growth of tax revenue stands during last 3 years at 19.36%. Introduction of VAT resulted in initial hiccups in the year 2005-06, but 2006-07 to 2008-09 have seen good growth rate in VAT and APGST collections. Non-tax revenue also showed good growth at 37% over 200708. One major source of non-tax revenue for the state Government was the debt waiver by the Government of India to the extent of Rs.703.08 crores during 2008-09 due to our strict implementation of the provisions under Andhra Pradesh Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (APFRBM) Act.
11551 12616 13806 16255 19611 23926 28794

Restructuring Expenditure During the year 2008-09, capital expenditure constituted 13.77 % of the total expenditure. As per the Revised Estimates for 2009-10, capital expenditure is estimated at 17.27% of the total budget. The major part of the capital expenditure was allocated to Irrigation sector, to ensure quick completion of major irrigation projects undertaken by the Government. However, there has been substantial increase in revenue expenditure towards the subsidies mainly Rice, Social Welfare scholarships and other welfare programmes. Another important factor is the additional power subsidy to the power sector to tide over the crisis situation during the Rabi seasons of 2008 and 2009. Own Revenues The States own tax revenues have grown by 16% in the year 2008-09 over the previous year i.e. 2007-08 and stood at Rs.33,358 crores. The Composition of the Own Tax Revenue from 2001-02 to 2009-10 (RE) is given in the following bar diagram and in Annexure 3.1.
State's Own Tax Revenue (Rs.Crores)
33358 2008-09

The composition of own tax revenue in 200809 is depicted in Pie Chart 3.1, which shows that Sales Tax, Excise, Motor Vehicle Tax and Stamps and Registration contribute the bulk of the Tax Revenues.

17

2009-10 (RE)

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

40664

Pie Chart 3.1 Composition of State's Own Tax Revenue 2008-09

9% 5% 3%

Debt and Interest Payments Interest payments against government debt have gone up from Rs.7,589 Crores in 2007-08 to Rs.8,057 Crores in 2008-09. The interest payments during 2008-09 increased moderately by 6.17 per cent over previous year. Fiscal Deficit Fiscal deficit in the year 2007-08 and 2008-09 is at 2.68% and 3.34% of GSDP respectively. The State Government managed to bring down the fiscal deficit below 3 per cent well in advance of the targeted date in the Andhra Pradesh Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (APFRBM) Act of March 2009. Government of India subsequently increased the fiscal deficit limit from 3% to 3.5% of GSDP during the year 2008-09. Thus, the State Government is within the fiscal deficit limit of 3.5% prescribed by Government of India. The Interest Payments and Fiscal Deficit from 1998-99 to 2009-10(RE) are given in Annexure 3.6. The total outstanding debt by the end of March 2008-09 was Rs. 93,568 Crores, which comes to 25.20% of GSDP. Outstanding Central Loans as a proportion of the total debt comprise 15.75% and market borrowings constitute another 40.97%. The composition of Outstanding Debt from 2000-01 to 2009-10 (RE) is given in Annexure 3.7. ***

66% 17%

Sales T ax T axes on Mot or Vehicles Ot her T axes and Dut ies

St at e Excise St amps and Regist rat ion

The States own non-tax revenue has grown by 37% in the year 2008-09 over the previous year i.e. 2007-08 and stood at Rs.9,683 crores. The major components of States own non-tax revenue from 1998-99 to 2009-10(RE) are given in Annexure 3.2. Central Transfers The receipts under Central Tax Devolution for the fiscal year 2008-09 stood at Rs.11,802 Crores, which is an increase of Rs. 618 Crores over 2007-08. The flow of Total Central resources to the State from 1998-99 to 2008-09 is given in Annexure3.3. Expenditure Capital expenditure was of the order of Rs. 12,774 crores in the year 2007-08 and Rs.10,366 crores in the year 2008-09. The composition of total expenditure in 2008-09 is depicted in Pie Chart 3.2. The details of the expenditure from 1998-99 to 2009-10 (RE) are given in Annexure 3.5.
Pie Chart 3.2 Composition of Total Expenditure 2008-09
4% 14%

82%

Revenue Expenditure

Capital Out lay

Net lending

18

4. PRICES, WAGES AND PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION

PRICES
Prices of commodities are one of the most important factors responsible for change in the pattern of consumption besides the real income. The State Government constituted a committee to monitor the daily retail prices of six essential commodities commonly consumed by majority sections of the society. The essential commodities being monitored are Rice, Redgramdal, Groundnut Oil, Tamarind (Without seed), Red chillies (dry) and Onions. Directorate of Economics and Statistics collects the prices of these commodities in 102 centres across the State on daily basis. The Average Daily Retail Prices of Rice (II sort), Redgramdal (II-sort), Red Chillies Dry (Gr-II) and Onions have shown increasing trend where as the prices of Groundnut Oil and Common Tamarind (Without Seed) have shown decreasing trend during the period from April to September,09 when compared to the corresponding period of last year. Table 4.1 State Average Daily Retail Prices of Six Essential Commodities Commodity
Rice(II sort) Redgramdal (II sort) Groundnut Oil Common Tamarind (Without Seed) Red Chillies Dry (Grade II) Onions(Grade II) Apr.-Sep08 (Rs. /Kg.) Apr.- Sep09

Consumer Price Index is of great relevance for this purpose and is used as a device for measuring changes in the level of retail prices of goods and services paid by concerned population segments. The classes of people usually covered by these indices are the Industrial Workers, Urban NonManual Employees and Agricultural Labour. Consumer Price Indices for Industrial Workers (CPIIW): The Consumer Price Indices for Industrial Workers (CPIIW) Old Base 1982=100 is replaced with New Base 2001=100 from January, 2006. For construction and compilation of CPI Numbers for Industrial Workers with New Base 2001=100, twelve new centres were selected in Andhra Pradesh both for Central and State Series based on Industrial workforce. The newly selected centres are 1.Hyderabad, 2.Visakhapatnam, 3.Warangal, 4.Guntur, 5.Vijayawada, 6.Godavarikhani, 7.VizianagaramChittivalasa, 8.Kakinada - Rajahmundry, 9.Jaggaiahpet - Miryalaguda, 10.Tirupati Renigunta, 11. Kothagudem- Palwancha and 12. Nizamabad- Bodhan. Labour Bureau, Simla compiles the index for the first six selected centres as Central Series, while the Directorate of Economics and Statistics compiles the index covering remaining six complex centres in A.P. During the period from April to September, 09, Consumer Price Indices for Industrial Workers (CPI IW) increased by 14.08% and 10.56% in the State and All India respectively, when compared to the previous year April to September,08. The details are given in Annexure 4.1. Consumer Price Index Numbers for Agricultural Labour (CPI-AL) The Labour Bureau, Simla compiles the Consumer Price Index Numbers for Agricultural Labour (CPI-AL) with 1986-87 as base year. During April to September, 09, the CPI-AL increased by 12.44% in the State and 11.66% at All India when compared to the corresponding period of previous year. CPI-AL is shown in Table 4.2. 19

13.63 37.88 74.15 33.26 50.18 7.14

16.73 60.71 65.11 32.75 58.88 9.49

Source:- Directorate of Economics and Statistics

Price Index is a statistical tool to measure the relative change in the price level with reference to time, geographical location and other characteristics. It is also considered as a barometer of economic activity. Study of changes in consumer prices are of concern to Government as they are likely to affect a large section of the population.

Table 4.2 Consumer Price Index Numbers for Agricultural Labour Year April-Sept., 08 April-Sept., 09 Percentage Change
(Base:1986-87=100) Andhra All India Pradesh

The Average Daily Wages of Artisans and Field Labour of both men and women have increased during the period April to Sept.09 when compared to the corresponding period of previous year.

456.67 513.50 12.44

440.17 491.50 11.66

*** PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION

Fair Price Shops There are 43,060 Fair Price Shops functioning in the State as on 31.03.09. Out of them 6,947 are in urban areas and 36,113 are in rural areas. On an average, each shop is having 535 cards/families. As against Government of Indias norm of one Fair Price Shop for every 2,000 persons, there is one shop for every 1,965 persons in Andhra Pradesh. Rationalization of Fair Price Shops To ensure effective functioning of public distribution system (PDS) and to enable card holders to have access to the F.P. Shop without traversing a long distance, existing F.P. Shops are rationalized with attachment of Ration cards to each F.P. Shop as follows: Rural areas: cards. 400 to 450 BPL and 50 Pink

Source :- Labour Bureau, Simla

WAGES
On account of various social and economical factors, Agricultural labour and Artisans in the rural areas constitute the weakest segment of labour force. They are in Un-organised Sector. To frame a wage policy for this group, the wages data is being collected from 66 centres spread over the State. Average Daily wages of Artisans and Field Labour in the State are presented in Table 4.3 and in the chart. Table 4.3 State average Daily Wages of Artisans and Field Labour
(Rs.)

Category Apr-Sep.08 Carpenter 116.55 Blacksmith 99.28 Cobbler 76.01 Field Labour Men 92.99 Women 69.24

Apr-Sep.09 132.69 109.59 84.76 112.17 83.95

Urban areas: 500 to 550 BPL and 250 Pink cards. Corporation areas: 600 to 650 BPL and 250 Pink cards. Subsidy Rice Scheme Rs.2/- a Kg. Government of Andhra Pradesh attaches paramount importance to the supply of rice at the subsidized rate of Rs.2/- per Kg. to the below poverty line families through Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS). It is as an important constituent of the strategy for ensuing food security to the population Below Poverty Line (BPL). Governments endeavour is to implement TPDS, to the best advantage of the beneficiaries, effectively, efficiently and transparently. For the financial year 200910, Rs.3,500 crore has been provided in the budget towards subsidy for the subsidised rice scheme for supply of rice to BPL families at Rs.2/- per kg.

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics

State Average Daily Wage s of Artisans & Field Labour Apr-Sep '08 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Carpenter Blacksmith Cobbler Field LabourMen Field LabourWomen Apr-Sep '09

Daily Wage (Rs.)

Source:Directorate of Economics & Statistics

20

Kerosene A quantity of 55,368 KLs. of kerosene is being allocated for distribution to the nonLPG BPL cardholders. Issue of IRIS Based Ration Cards IRIS based Biometric House hold Supply Cards are issued through Designated Photographic Locations (DPLs) to accomplish the tasks relating to incorporating changes such as income, residence, family members and to rectify the defects, if any, in the iris cards already issued. For issue of fresh cards to the eligible families, who applied and who have not been covered so far, 100 permanent DPLs were opened in the Revenue Divisional Headquarters and Municipal Corporation areas. The ration cards existing as on 31-12-2009 are 187.61 lakh White cards, 15.58 lakh Antyodaya Anna Yojana cards (AAY), 93,200 Annapurna cards and 29.50 lakh Pink cards totalling to 233.62 lakh cards in the state. De-duplication and cleansing of Ration Cards through Field Verification In order to streamline the functioning of the public distribution system and to ensure that the benefit goes to the eligible beneficiaries without any exclusion, the Government have decided to undertake a field verification exercise for weeding out the cards in the names of bogus, duplicates and ineligible beneficiaries. This is being done by using the iris biometric technology. Elimination of bogus / duplicate cards, elimination of anomalous in the pensions and housing beneficiaries, linking up of housing, pensions to ration cards unique-ID database, saving in expenditure to government exchequer towards subsidy on account of elimination and utilization of the saved one for the other benefits to the eligible but excluded beneficiaries are some of the expectation of this exercise. It is envisaged to complete the exercise in the entire State in 4 phases. Integrated Survey of 1st, 2nd and 3rd phases was completed and the 4th phase survey is under way. The process of Gram Sabhas in the villages in which the

2nd phase survey was completed is going on. It is planned to complete the entire process by end of February, 2010. The cases of duplicate/ permanent migration/ death/ ineligible etc. would be weeded out from the database after reading out such names in the Gram Sabhas at village level and also after verification of the claims of the individual cases that are likely to be affected. Procurement of Paddy, Mize and other coarse grains / pulses at Minimum Support Price (MSP) Minimum Support Price (MSP) is being ensured to the farmers for their produce. In order to facilitate disposal of paddy which does not conform to the specifications, Government relaxed specifications for purchase of paddy imposing cuts in the value/ MSP. It has been made incumbent on the part of the rice millers that they should purchase paddy of Fair Average Quality (FAQ) at a price not less than minimum support price i.e. Rs.980 for Grade A and Rs.950 for common plus bonus of Rs.50/- per quintal during KMS 200910. Rice millers who purchase FAQ paddy at a price not less than MSP + bonus of Rs.50/- and above or nonFAQ paddy with value cuts as prescribed by the Government alone are permitted to deliver levy to the Food Corporation of India. Procurement of paddy and maize by Government Agencies under MSP operations is shown in Table 4.4. Table 4.4 Paddy and Maize Procurement under MSP
(Lakh M.Ts.)

Item Paddy Maize

2008-09 11.61 1.76

2009-10 (As on 17-012010) 0.63 -

Source: - Civil Supplies Department

Procurement and distribution of Rice is shown in Table 4.5. 21

Table 4.5 Procurement and Distribution of Rice

Year Procurement during Crop year (incl.CMR) (Lakh tonnes) 90.28 Distribution during Financial year (Lakh MTs) 34.33 24.17

2008-09

2009-10 (as on 15.51 31.12.09) Source: - Civil Supplies Department

PDS - Market Intervention Scheme Price rise of certain daily used Essential Commodities is causing concern. To insulate the card holders from the rising price trend and to make available adequate stocks, daily used essential commodities such as Palmolein Oil, Redgram Dal, Yellow peas and Channa Dal are being distributed at affordable prices to the card holders through PDS by incurring subsidy. Palmolein Oil For supply of imported RBD Palmolein oil to BPL families at subsidized rates through PDS, State Government purchased and distributed 98,489 MTs of Palmolein Oil to white card holders @ one litre per card at

Rs.35 per litre pouch during 200809 to control the price rise of edible oils in the open market. Redgram Dal: The State Government purchased and distributed 79,060 MTs. of Red Gram Dal to BPL card holders @ kg per card at Rs.55 per kg during 200809 to control the prices of pulses in the open market. Yellow Peas: So far, 691 Mts of Yellow Peas has been released under PDS to the while card holders @ 1 kg per card at Rs.17.00. The issue of Yellow Peas has been commenced from October, 2009 onwards. Government of India is providing subsidy to the Agency supplying yellow peas to the State Government. Channa Dal: All BPL cardholders are being supplied @ 1 Kg. per card at Rs.30.00 per Kg. in all areas w.e.f. October, 2009 to December, 2009. So far, a quantity of 1,012 MTs. has been released under PDS. Government of India is providing subsidy to the Agency supplying chik peas to the State Government.

***

22

5. AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED ACTIVITIES

AGRICULTURE
5.1 Agriculture continues to be the predominant source of livelihood for almost 60% of the population-both at the National level and at the State level. With the 11th Five Year Plans target of achieving 4% growth in Agriculture during the Plan period and with the objective of shifting a sizable excess labour force from the Agriculture sector to other non-farm rural sectors- especially to rural industry through skill development, the obvious choice would be improvement of productivity in the agriculture sector. Ensuring Food security and providing gainful employment to the labour force, has been the essential premise for the socio economic development of the people. Improving farm incomes and ensuring sustainable growth in the agriculture and allied sectors would well be the continued agenda for the state. The overwhelming priority being accorded to the irrigation sector coupled with the various farmer friendly initiatives put in place by the state in the recent past is the underlying theme for heralding agriculture renaissance in the state. Land Utilisation The total Geographical area of the State is 275.04 lakh hectares. Out of the Geographical area, 39.8 percent is under Net Area Sown (109.58 lakh hectares), 22.6 percent under Forest (62.10 lakh hectares), 9.6 percent under current fallow lands (26.24 lakh hectares), 9.6 percent under Land put NonAgricultural uses (26.52 lakh hectares), 7.5 percent under Barren and uncultivable land (20.55 lakh hectares) and remaining 10.9 percent under other fallow land, culturable waste, permanent Pastures and other grazing lands and Land under miscellaneous tree crops and groves not included in the Net Area Sown (30.05 lakh hectares). The land utilization particulars from 1955-56 to 200809 are given Annexure 5.1. The pattern of Rainfall The rainfall received during the South west monsoon period for 2009-10 was 454 mm as against the Normal rainfall of 624 mm recording a deficit of 27 percent. During the North East monsoon 2009-10, the average rainfall received was 185 mm and it is lower than the Normal rainfall of 224 mm recording a deficit of 17 per cent. The Season wise and monsoon wise rainfall are given in Annexure 5.2 and 5.3 respectively. Area and Production: (Kharif Season) (Advance Estimate 2009-10 Kharif) Our state had witnessed natural calamities of both drought and the worst ever floods during the year. While the State was reeling 23 Land Utilisation in the state is depicted in the following diagram.
Land Utilisation in Andhra Prade sh 2008-09 40%

10%

23% 5% 2% 1% 2% Forest Barren & Uncultivable Land Land put to Non Agricultural Uses Permanent pastures and other Grazing Lands Misc.Tree crops and Groves not included in Net Area Sow n Culturable Waste Other Fallow Lands Current Fallow Net Area Sow n 10% 7%

under severe drought, another calamity of unprecedented floods had hit the State during September-October, 2009. These floods caused large scale devastation in 13 districts including five severely affected districts of Kurnool, Mahabubnagar, Krishna, Guntur and Nalgonda. Even though the State faced the twin effect of both drought and floods, the advance estimate of the areas and production of various crops for Kharif 2009-10 are likely to be modest. In Kharif 2009-10, the estimate of the area under foodgrains is expected to be less than 42.73 lakh hectares in 2008-09. Similarly, the production estimate in 2009-10 Kharif under foodgrains is also expected to be less than 105.62 lakh tonnes in 2008-09. In Kharif 2009-10, the estimate of the area under Rice is expected to be less than 28.03 lakh hectares in 2008-09. Similarly, the production estimate in 2009-10 Kharif under Rice is also expected to be less than 83.80 lakh tonnes in 2008-09. The Production estimates of food grains from 1974-75 to 2008-09 are given in Annexure 5.4. Cropping intensity: The cropping intensity (the ratio of gross cropped area to net cropped area) is one of the indices of assessing the efficiency of agriculture sector and for the year 2008-09 it works out to 1.27. Season-wise area, production and productivity of selected crops are given in Annexure 5.5, 5.6 and 5.7 respectively. Gross and Net area Irrigated: The gross area irrigated in the State increased to 67.41 lakh hectares. in 2008-09 against 62.85 lakh hectares in 2007-08 showing an increase of 7.3 percent. The net area irrigated in the State increased to 48.21 lakh hectares in 2008-09 against 46.44 lakh hectares in 2007-08, showing an increase of 3.8 percent. The Source wise Gross area irrigated and Net area irrigated in the State is given in Annexure 5.8 and 5.9 respectively.

Land Holding: The data on land holdings in the State is collected from 1970-71 through a quinquennial Census of Land Holdings and the latest data relates to 2005-06. The average size of land holdings in the State has gradually declined to 1.20 hectares during 2005-06 from 1.25 hectares during 2000-01. The distribution of Land holdings and area according to size class are given in Annexure 5.10. The department of Agriculture is implementing various programmes to improve the farm incomes both in absolute terms and percentage of Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP). Mission and Strategies The major concern that clearly emerges is to improve the farm incomes both in absolute terms and percentage of GSDP. The Department of Agriculture is therefore working with a mission of Sustainable Agricultural Production with minimum cost of cultivation, eventually enhancing the return on investment to the farmer. In the process of making the mission a reality, the following strategies are being adopted. Re-engineering extension approach for effective extension reach Empowering farmers with advance agricultural practices Capacity enhancement of Departmental Staff for efficient use of extension technology. Ensuring timely input supply. Regulation of inputs and quality control. Soil test based fertilizer recommendation. Promotion of self reliance in seed production among farmers. Promotion of Integrated Crop Management through Integrated Nutrient Management (INM), Integrated Pest Management (IPM), efficient water management, etc. Promotion of organic farming to meet the demand of World Market. Correcting micronutrient zinc deficiency. 24

Reclamation of Problematic soils to restore the productivity. Natural Resource Management through watershed approach for agricultural land development and environmental stability. Calamity Management in the event of drought, floods, hailstorms etc. Promoting cultivation of low risk and low cost intensive crops. Farm Mechanization for item and cost effective farming practices. Promoting Farmers Organization (Rythu Mitra Groups) for technical and monetary benefits in Agriculture and allied activities. Facilitate the farmer to avail Agriculture Credit. Women Empowerment and gender balance Provide day to day information to farmer on crop production, input supply, marketing through Internet Services.(AGRISNET) Increasing the productivity levels: Increasing crop productivity by developing farming situation based production plans. Dissemination of improved technologies through effective extension out-reach. Ensuring availability of quality Agricultural inputs. Reduce cost of production by educating the farmers on improved crop management practices like Integrated Nutrient Management (INM), Integrated Pest Management (IPM), and Water Management (WM) and Post Harvest Technologies (PHT). Providing improved Agricultural implements and farm machinery for reducing the cost of cultivation. Crop diversification programme Assist the farmers in the event of natural calamities like droughts, floods and cyclones for providing relief and inputs for alternate cropping programmes. Sustainable dry land agriculture development by implementing National Watershed Development Project for Rainfed Areas (NWDPRA).

Improving soil health through soil test based fertilizer recommendations, encouraging green manuring, vermi compost, reclamation of problematic soils and correction of micro nutrient deficiencies. Facilitate availability of credit to more number of non-loanee farmers and tenant farmers. Important Activities: With an added zeal to the experiences of the year 2008-09, the current Agriculture Year 2009-10 began well before the Kharif crop season. The preparatory activities taken up are: Saguku Samayatham-2009 programme: For creating awareness about the programmes being implemented by the departments of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Horticulture, Sericulture, Fisheries, and ANGRAU, Saguku Samayatham programme was organized during Kharif (27.4.09 to 10.5.2009) and Rabi (5.10.2009 to 13.10.2009) in every village of the State. Achievements during the Saguku Samayatham 2009 - Kharif 31,867 villages were visited in the Saguku Samayatham programme. 11,19,714 Men and 2,24,710 women have participated. 3,32,188 Soil Samples were collected. 81,174 Live Models were exhibited. 61,294 Live Demonstrations were demonstrated. Achievements during the Saguku Samayatham 2009 - Rabi 17,555 villages were visited in the Saguku Samayatham programme. 5,37,251 Men and 1,00,652 women have participated. 37,195 Soil Samples were collected. 10,731 Live Models were exhibited. 9,350 Live Demonstrations were demonstrated. Monthly workshop: Monthly workshops are being held regularly at identified research stations of ANGRAU in all districts, wherein departmental officers and scientists of ANGRAU discuss and formulate production 25

recommendations for ensuing one month. These workshops are also serving as inservice orientation for middle and senior level officers of the Department. Zonal Research Extension advisory Council Meeting (ZREAC): ZREACs for Kharif and Rabi are organized in all nine agro-climatic zones of the State. During these meetings, officers from Head Office and JDAs are deputed and Production problems are being reviewed. Research gaps for the zones as a whole and production recommendations for major crops are provided to the departmental officers. Research priorities are finalized. Staff Trainings: Trainings for senior and middle level officers have been organized in specialized areas in various Government of India Institutes located in the country as well as in ANGRAU. Grassroot level extension workers like Agricultural Officers are trained at State Government institutes like SAMETI, Dr. MCR. HRD Institute, WALAMTARI, etc. Officers are being deputed to EEI / MANAGE /NPPTI /DRR/ DOR/CRIDA/ NAARM and other GOI institutes Training Programmes to farmers: Under the farmers training programmes, trainings on IPM, INM, Organic Farming, and SRI cultivation are being conducted to provide Training and Transfer of technology of IPM/INM/ICM SRI Technology. Padipantalu The Padipantalu monthly Telugu magazine is being printed and published every month for updating the knowledge of farming community. One lakh number of copies are being printed and distributed every month to Adarsha Rythus, Agriculture and allied department field functionaries apart from supplying to the public representatives. The magazine covers latest technical information on Agriculture and allied departments like Animal Husbandry, Horticulture, Sericulture, Fisheries, Transco, Irrigation, Banking, Sugar etc., The information is contributed by the concerned Departments and also from Scientists of Agriculture, Horticulture and Animal Husbandry Universities.

The articles covered in the magazine include success stories of the farming community and the information regarding special meetings, seminars, exhibitions being organized by Agriculture and allied departments. The magazine will help the Adarsha Rythus and other extension field staff to disseminate the latest technical knowledge to the farmers and guide them in increasing the productivity and there by improving their economic status. Soil Testing: For optimal soil productivity, soil sampling and soil testing program is organized in a systematic manner to evaluate the fertility status and to identify the soil problems (Salinity/ Sodality) if any to improve fertility and reclaim the problematic soils. There are 22 District Soil Testing Labs (STLs), 2 Regional Soil Testing Labs and 4 Mobile Soil Testing Labs and 57 Mini Soil Testing Labs located at Agricultural Market Committees (AMC) in the State. The departmental Soil Testing Laboratories are equipped to analyse the Organic Carbon (OC) (index of nitrogen content), phosphorus, Potassium, Zinc, Iron, Copper, Manganese, Salinity (EC) and alkalinity (pH). The mobile Soil Testing Laboratories and AMC mini laboratories however analyse only organic carbon, phosphorus, potassium, EC and pH. The results of the soil analysis will be communicated to the respective farmers in the shape of soil health cards. The soil health cards contain the information on the soil fertility status showing the available nutrient. Based on the available nutrients, fertilizer recommendations are given in the card for the crop to be grown by the farmer. The target and achievements for the year 2009-10 are shown in Table 5.1.
Table - 5.1 Soil Testing Item Macronutrients ECand pH Micronutrients Annual Target 3,90,000 1,22,995 Achievement (upto Sept. 09) 3,96,273 10,947 8,542

Water samples 11,070 Source: Agriculture Department

26

Establishment of District Soil Testing Laboratories (STLs) under Single Window Diagnostic Scheme: The Soil Testing Labs are strengthened for seed testing and fertilizers testing to analyse service samples in the STLs where notified labs are not available. 19 STLs for Seed Testing and 17 STLs for Fertilizer Testing are strengthened. These labs take up the analysis of seed samples and fertilizer samples other than law enforcement samples. The farmers, dealers, producers or any person interested can know the status of seed lots and fertilizer. Achievements under Single Window Diagnostic Scheme are shown in Table 5.2. Table - 5.2 Single Window Diagnostic Scheme Item Target Achievement
(upto Sept. 09)

Seed Samples (No.) Fertilizer Samples (No.)

13,920 1,700

6,882 186

under subsidy, out of which 13.14 lakh qtls of seed was distributed with a subsidy value of Rs.153.23 Crores. Area covered under High Yielding Varieties is given in Annexure 5.11 Rabi 2009-10: During Rabi 2009-10, it is planned to distribute 16.66 lakh qtls of seed. Out of this, 11.08 lakh qtls have been positioned and 8.65 lakh qtls of seed has been distributed with a subsidy value of Rs. 152.97 Crores. Fertilizer Policy Initiatives: Total Fertilizer consumption during 2008-09 in terms nutrients (N, P, K) was 30.70 Lakh Metric Tonnes(LMTs) (16.05 LMTs during Kharif and 14.65 LMTs during Rabi). The Nutrient-wise consumption was 17.20 LMTs of N, 8.52 LMTs of P and 4.98 LMTs of K. Product wise plan and consumption during Kharif 2009 and Projections and Estimated consumption during Rabi 2009-10 are shown in Table 5.3:
Table - 5.3 Fertilizer Consumption 2009-10 (in LMTs) Kharif 2009 Projec Cons tion umpti on 13.50 11.92 5.00 5.77 3.25 2.25 1.50 1.07 11.50 8.38 Rabi 2009-10 Proje Cons ction umpti on 14.00 12.30 4.75 3.80 3.35 3.30 1.50 0.95 9.00 8.43 0.75 29.53
Total Consu mption (Estima te)

Source: Agriculture Department

Product

AGRISNET (For Soil Testing Program) The soil analysis data is being uploaded on internet. The results of the soil samples can be down loaded by the farmers or any officer by generating the soil health card using the unique token number. National Project on Management of Soil Health and Fertility: National Project on Management of Soil Health and Fertility for strengthening Soil Testing facilities, promotion of Integrated Nutrient Management and strengthening of Fertilizer Quality Control laboratories has been taken up in the state. Under this programme, establishment of (5) new Static Soil Testing Laboratories, (3) new Mobile Soil Testing Laboratories and strengthening of (11) existing Soil Testing Laboratories is in progress. Subsidy Seed Distribution: Kharif 2009: During Kharif 2009, 17lakh qtls of seed was planned for distribution 27

Urea DAP MOP SSP Compl exes Others Total

24.22 9.57 5.55 2.02 16.81 1.52 59.69

1.00 0.77 1.25 35.75 30.16 33.85 Source: Agriculture Department

Consumption of fertilizers is given in Annexure 5.12 and 5.13. Pesticides The pesticide consumption has been declining gradually by motivating the farmers through Polambadi programmes to follow Integrated Pest Management practices, need based pesticide application, use of bio-agents and also cultivation Bt.cotton varieties. Total pesticide consumption in the state is 226 M.T.s of active ingredient during 2009-10 i.e., April to Sept., 2009 as shown in Table 5.4.

Table - 5.4 Utilization of Pesticides ( M.Ts ) Pesticide Consumption (Active ingredient) 3,850 3,401 2,333 2,781 1,918 1,394 1,541 1,381 226

intensifying the programme for having optimal farm productivity in the country. The achievements under Farm Mechanization scheme are shown in Table 5.5. Table - 5.5 Farm Mechanization
(Rs. Lakhs)

Year 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 (up to Sept.2009)

Year 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

Source: Agriculture Department

Farm Mechanization Scheme, 2009-10: Mechanization has been well received the world over as one of the important elements of modernization of agriculture. It is now recognized that availability of mechanical power and improved equipment has enabled many developed countries in the world to achieve high levels of productivity. In the state, majority of the farming community is still lagging behind in the knowledge of latest developments in Farm Mechanization and in adopting modern day farming technology. However, Farm Mechanization is gaining importance for carrying out various farm activities effectively in less time with less effort. This would result in efficiency and timeliness in the field operations, reduction in the cost of cultivation and improvement in the quality of produce for better marketability. The machinery bearing ISI numbers are being considered for ensuring quality in equipment. Depending on the types of crops grown, soil conditions, local situations and requirements in the districts, the department is contemplating to distribute various farm machinery and implements on 50% subsidy with a maximum limit of Rs.45,000/- per unit. At the end of XI Five Year Plan, Farm Power Utility (farm power in KW/Ha) can be improved to the level of 4.50 KW/Ha by 28

Beneficiaries Subsidy (No) Expenditure 6,590 253.38 9,342 333.41 47,390 596.35 50,000 1,664.50 47,568 2,290.94 73,140 3,625.34 92,929 5,230.66 70,306 4,349.15 1,79,312 10,720.26 84,466 3,905.00

(upto Dec,09 ) Source: Agriculture Department

Crop Insurance National Agriculture Insurance Scheme (NAIS) was introduced in the state from Kharif 2000 season onwards with involvement of Agriculture Department, Agriculture Insurance Co. (Implementation Agency) and Directorate of Economics and Statistics. Objectives: To provide a measure of financial support to the farmers in the event of crop failure due to drought, cyclone and incidence of pest and diseases etc. To restore the credit eligibility of a farmer after a crop failure for the next season. To encourage the farmers to adopt progressive farming practices, high value inputs and higher technology in Agriculture. To help stabilize farm incomes, particularly in disaster years. Crops Covered:During Kharif 2009, 20 crops are notified viz., Paddy, Jowar, Bajra, Maize, Blackgram, Greengram, Redgram, Soyabean, Groundnut(I), Groundnut (UI), Sunflower, Castor, Sugarcane(P), Sugarcane(R),

Cotton(I), Cotton(UI), Chillies(I), Chillies (UI), Banana and Turmeric. During 2009-10 Rabi, 11 crops are notified viz. Paddy, Jowar (UI), Maize, Blackgram, Greengram, Bengalgram, Groundnut, Sunflower, Red chillies, Onion and Mango. Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS): Apart from National Agriculture Insurance Scheme (NAIS) for the first time in the State, the Government have issued notification orders for implementation of the Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS) during Kharif 2009 season on Red Chilly Crop in Guntur District on Pilot basis and it is being implemented successfully. During Rabi 2009-10 season, Corriander crop is notified on Pilot basis under Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme in Adilabad, Kadapa, Kurnool and Prakasam Districts. Farmers Covered Crop Insurance is compulsory for all Loanee Farmers and voluntary for Non-Loanee Farmers. 10% subsidy allowed on premium to small and marginal farmers. Village as Insurance Unit For providing more benefit to the farming community particularly small and marginal farmers for the first time in the country, the Government of Andhra Pradesh started Village as Insurance Unit on Pilot basis during Kharif 2005 in five districts and continued during Kharif 2006. Pilot Project extended to 10 districts during Kharif 2007. The Government of Andhra Pradesh is implementing Village as Insurance Unit under N.A.I.S. in the 22 Districts from Kharif 2008 season with one major crop, keeping in view the benefit to the farming community. Details are shown in Table 5.6. Table - 5.6 District wise Crop selected under Village as Insurance Unit Scheme for Kharif, 2009 Sl.No District Crop 1 2 3 Srikakulam Vizianagaram Visakhapatnam Paddy Paddy Paddy 29

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

East Godavari West Godavari Krishna Guntur Prakasam Nellore Chittoor Anantapur Kadapa Kurnool Rangareddy Mahabubnagar Medak Nizamabad Nalgonda Warangal Khammam Karimnagar Adilabad

Paddy Paddy Paddy Paddy Paddy Paddy Groundnut (UI) Groundnut (UI) Groundnut (UI) Groundnut (UI) Maize Maize Maize Maize Paddy Paddy Paddy Paddy Soyabean

Source: Agriculture Department

Crop wise premium rates under the insurance during Kharif 2009 are shown in Table 5.7. Table - 5.7 Cropwise Premium Rates under Crop Insurance during Kharif, 2009 Sl. % of Crop No premium 1 Rice 2.50 2 Jowar 2.50 3 Bajra 3.50 4 Maize 2.50 5 Blackgram 2.50 6 Greengram 2.50 7 Redgram 2.50 8 Groundnut ( I ) 3.50 9 Groundnut (UI) 3.50 10 Castor 3.50 11 Soyabean 1.70 12 Sunflower 3.50 13 Sugarcane ( P ) 2.95 14 Sugarcane ( R ) 1.85 15 Cotton ( I ) 3.80 16 Cotton (UI) 7.00 17 Chillies ( I ) 4.35 18 Chillies (UI) 6.45 19 Banana 6.10 20 Turmeric 6.55
Source: Agriculture Department

Crop wise premium rates under the insurance during Rabi 2009-10 are shown in Table 5.8.
Table - 5.8 Cropwise Premium Rates under Crop Insurance during Rabi,2009-10 Sl. Crop % of No. Premium 1 Rice 2.00 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Jowar (UI) Maize Blackgram Greengram Bengalgram Groundnut Sunflower Red chillies Onion Mango 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 6.30 3.25 10.50

Source: Agriculture Department

NAIS particulars are given in Annexure 5.14. Agricultural Credit, 2009-10: The target under agricultural credit as per the annual credit plan 2009-10 was Rs.32,500 crores. This consists of Rs.23,500 crores towards crop loans and Rs.9000 crores towards agriculture term loans. The Agricultural credit disbursements as on Kharif 2009 were Rs.19,821 crores. Crop loans disbursed were Rs.14,407 crores and Agriculture term loans were Rs.5,414 crores. The Agricultural credit disbursements during Rabi, 2009 as on 23.12.09 are Rs.2,749 crores. Crop loans disbursed were Rs.2,184 crores and Agriculture term loans were Rs.565 crores. Pavala Vaddi Scheme on Crop Loans: Lending crop loans to the farmers at an affordable interest rate through Institutional finance has been the priority of the Government. In this process, the Government of India has introduced a scheme of 2% subvention to bring down the interest rate to 7% p.a. There has been a consistent increase in credit delivery through institutional finance, yet a large number of farmers are still in the fold of private finance. 30

Recognizing this, the Government has introduced Pavala Vaddi Scheme (at 3% interest) on crop loans as an interest incentive for all the loanee farmers who have repaid the crop loans within due date, eventually reducing their financial burden. The interest charged by banks, over and above 3% per annum shall be reimbursed to the loanee farmers by the State Government. The Scheme shall be applicable to all those farmers who have obtained short term production credit (Crop loan) from scheduled commercial banks, cooperative and regional rural banks in the state starting from Kharif 2008. As per the orders issued in Nov. 08, the farmers will get the reimbursement as follows: 1. Farmers repaying in December, 2008 will get 4% reimbursement in January,2009. 2. Farmers repaying in January, 2009 will get 4% reimbursement in February,2009. 3. Farmers repaying in February, 2009 will get 4% reimbursement in March, 2009. 4. Farmers repaying in March, 2009 will get 4% reimbursement in 2009-2010. Government have extended repayment period for the crop loans of Kharif - 2008 upto 31-08-09 and for Rabi-2008 loans upto 3009-09. An amount of Rs.25.20 crores was reimbursed under Pavala Vaddi Scheme and 3,49,663 farmers were benefited. Agricultural Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme, 2008 The Govt. of India announced Agricultural Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme in the Union budget for the year 2008 09. Under this scheme, loans of small and marginal farmers with land holdings upto 5 acres which were overdue as on 31-122007 and remaining unpaid till 29-02-08 were totally waived. 25% waiver was provided to other farmers with more than 5 acres of land hold. All Banks in the state provided a benefit of Rs.11,354 crores to 63.40 lakhs farmers, out of which cooperatives provided the benefit of Rs.4,099.64 crores to 24 lakhs farmers in the state.

Credit Incentive scheme of GOAP @ Rs.5000/- per farmer who were not benefitted under GOI Debt waiver scheme, 2008. Under the GOI Debt Waiver and Debt Relief scheme, 63.40 lakh agricultural loan accounts got benefitted in the State. However, an estimated 32 lakh farmers, who availed crop loans, were deprived of any benefit under the scheme, as they had already repaid the loans by the date of announcement of GOI Debt Waiver scheme on 29-02-08. State Government have therefore decided to provide an incentive to the farmers who have repaid their Crop Loans in time under Rythu Protsahaka Utsavaalu. The Incentive will be extended by way of credit to their crop loan account as per the following terms and conditions. o Only crop loan borrowers (excluding Agricultural Gold Loan and Agricultural Term Loan Borrowers) are eligible for the incentive under the scheme. o The farmer borrower should not have got any benefit under Debt Waiver/Relief Scheme,2008 of the Government of India. o In respect of multiple loans, joint loans, where benefits have accrued under the Government of India Scheme, the farmer(s) become ineligible under the present scheme. o The farmers will get reimbursement of the actual amount repaid to the bank or Rs.5,000/- which ever is less. o An amount of Rs.1,650 crores was provided to 32 lakh farmers under Credit Incentive Scheme. Disbursement of agricultural credit particulars are given in Annexure 5.15. Farm Women Empowerment Programme State Government has established Gender Cell with the following objectives for Farm Women Empowerment. Objectives: Strengthen the institutional capacity of the department to address more effecting needs of Farm Women. Improve the current knowledge and support services needed to farm women. 31

Increase the understanding and awareness of Gender factors in Agriculture and Rural Development among Extension Field Functionaries. Promote the holistic development of marginalized farm women by exposing them to the relevant technologies. Help the women to improve their income levels to lead a quality life. Farm Equipment Women Groups:Seven Neem Seed Pulverizes and one Multicrop Thresher have been provided to the selected farm women groups from each district to encourage and popularize Gender friendly Equipment, to the farm women duly giving preference to farm Women involved in women Polambadi. Farm women trainings: Trainings are being organised for over 16,700 Farm Women at mandal and district level. Adarsha Rythu The main objective behind the identification of Adarsha Rythus is to introduce a nodal functionary between the farmers and the extension staff of agriculture and other line departments to help in bridging the gap between the Research and the Extension. Adarsha Rythu will assist the extension staff in implementation of the schemes like Polam Badi, Seed Village Programme, Vermicompost, Organic farming, RKVY, NFSM, NHM, ATMA, Crop Insurance, Credit, Pasukranti, Jeevakranthi and other Central and State Schemes including enumeration during natural calamities. Adarsha Rythus are also facilitating the activities of allied departments i.e Animal Husbandry, Horticulture, Sericulture, Sugars, Irrigation, Marketing, Fisheries, Revenue, Rural Development, A.P.Transco and Banks. To strengthen the extension Services 49,161 Adarsha Rythus were deployed as against the target of 50,000 in the state. For every 200 to 250 farm holdings, one Adarsha Rythu is deployed. Adarsha Rythus are involved in day to day developments with regard to schemes, technology, input availability with subsidy if any and the procedures to avail the same, broad regulatory mechanism for inputs and for steps to be taken in case of failure of a particular input etc. Adarsha Rythus are

actively involved in mobilizing the farmers in special campaigns like Rythu Chaitanya Yatra, Rythu Sadassu, Prajapatham and Saguku Samayatham. On 3rd Monday of every month a meeting with Adarsha Rythus and other Line departmental officers will be organized by MAO in the Mandal headquarters to discuss various problems arising at field level. The Padipantalu magazine and honorarium are being distributed to the Adarsha Rythus on the same day. On 1st Saturday of every month, the Agricultural Officer and other line departmental officers are visiting the fields, demonstrations sites etc. along with Adarsha Rythus in at least 2-3 villages. Adarsha Rythus are maintaining the list of 200-250 farmer holdings allotted to him/her and the registers with the information on the type of soils, extent of crops grown, number of sheep, cows, fish ponds, particulars of the credit availment etc., on each farm holding. An amount of Rs.1,000/- per month will be provided towards honorarium to each Adarsha Rythu. The work of Adarsha Rythus was categorized. Adarsha Rythus whose performance was categorized as poor were removed. As such 40,864 Adarsha Rythus are working. All the Adarsha Rythus were given training at divisional level on schemes and latest technologies of Agriculture and allied departments for 5 days from 15-11-09 to 1512-09. Adarsha Rythu Karadeepika (study material on Agriculture and allied departments) was distributed to all Adarsha Rythus. Polam Badi Programme POLAM BADI (Farmers Field School) is being implemented to inculcate use of ecofriendly measures(bio-agents and biopesticides ) to control crop pests which in turn reduce cost of cultivation and improve the quality of produce, resulting in high market price and good returns. It also ensures soil health.

Concept:

Empowering the farmers to take economical decisions by adopting practices of Integrated Crop Management. In Polam badi, farmers meet weekly during a full cropping season to conduct experiments and to monitor and discuss crop management interventions. The four key principles are Principles : 1. Grow a healthy crop 2. Conserve natural enemies 3. Observe field weekly 4. Farmers understand ecology as experts in their own fields. Mandate: It is programmed to organize one polam badi by ADA(R) in the division, two / three polam badi by MAO and one polam badi by AEO in the mandal during 2009-10. Polam badi has been taken up on Paddy, Maize, Pulses, Oil seeds, Cotton and Coarse cereals etc. The facilitators (ADAs / MAOs / AEOs) were imparted orientation training before commencement of the season. Polam Badi at a glance during the year 200910 is shown in Table 5.9.
Table - 5.9

Polam Badi
Crop Farmers for Training Kharif Rabi Total 2009 2009-10 Tar Ac Tar Ac Tar Ach. get h. get h. get
2943 170 208 802 629 55 1970 46 102 462 431 52 1360 292 460 881 687 143 319 579 4303 462 668 1683 629 55 7800 2657 189 421 1041 431 52 4791

Rice Maize Pulses Oil seeds Cotton Others

Total 4807 3063 2993 1728 No.of farmers 144210 91890 89790 51840 to be trained Source: Agriculture Department

234000

143730

32

Distribution of Literature: The required literature on polam badi in rice, maize, redgram, groundnut, castor, sunflower, and cotton are being distributed to the polam badi farmers. Other Initiatives: World Trade Organization (WTO)Cell: The primary objective of the cell is to create awareness and build capacities among farmers and departmental officers about the implications of the new global trade regime for the agricultural sector of the state in particular and the country in general. Important activities taken up during 2009-10, by the WTO Cell include Officers training on Market Intelligence, conducting seminars, Research studies/Projects on Inventory of Food Safety regulations for export markets of AP, Product market identification, Digitization of WTO aspects through Doordarshan (DD) in role play mode, Regular documentation and processing for International Property Rights obtaining Geographical Indication (G.I.) and Intellectual Patent etc. Agriculture Technology Management Agency (ATMA):Government of India have introduced the Extension Reforms scheme (ATMA) in all the development districts covering all states and Union territories of India from 1st June, 2005 in phased manner. As a part of this scheme, now the entire state of Andhra Pradesh except Hyderabad Urban district is covered under ATMA with 90:10 central and state share. Objectives of the Programme: To develop an efficient, effective, demand driven, research integrated and financially sustainable public extension system To revitalize the Agricultural technology Generation Assessment refinement and Dissemination Systems Reforming Public Sector Extension. Promoting private sector to effectively complement, supplement and wherever possible to substitute public extension. Mainstreaming Gender Concerns in Extension.

Capacity Building/ Skill up-gradation of farmers and extension functionaries. Increase the Quality and Type of Technologies being disseminated by the Extension System. Strengthen Research-Extension-Farmer (R-E-F) Linkages Benefits of the Program: Well Integrated technology development and transfer system Decentralized decision-making Financially sustainable extension system Bottom-up Planning Increased Use of Information Technology Emphasis on In-Service Training Developing New Public-Private Partnerships Strengthening Key Institutions Broad based Extension Delivery Guidelines of the Program: Support to State Extension Programmes for Extension Reforms (ATMA) is the main scheme to operationalize agricultural extension reforms across the country. Funding support shall be provided to the State for undertaking extension reforms within the broad purview of the Policy Framework for Agriculture Extension (PFAE), complying with its key areas/norms, and shall be operated based on Extension Work Plans prepared by the State. The States shall propose the new institutional arrangements, like ATMA, they intend to put in place in the First Work Plan, or even earlier, to be submitted by them to the DAC for approval. This agency will have the responsibility of implementing the extension reforms at district level. Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA), a district level body, is an autonomous institution with participation of all the key stakeholders involved in agricultural activities for sustainable agricultural development. ATMA has the main responsibility of all the technology dissemination activities at the district level. It has linkages with all the line departments, research organizations, non-governmental organizations and agencies associated with agricultural development in the district with a 33

substantial representation of farmer organizations. Research and extension units within the district, such as KVKs, ZRSs, departments of Agriculture, Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, Fisheries, Sericulture, Marketing, etc., are constituent members. In order to provide needed HRD support in innovative areas of extension delivery, a State Agricultural Management and Extension Training Institute (SAMETI) has been established. Strategic Research and Extension Plan (SREP) is prepared through participatory methodologies such as Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) involving all the stakeholders and farmers. It contains detailed analysis of all the information on existing farming systems in the district and research extension gaps required to be filled-up. It also prioritizes the research extension strategies within the district. It becomes the basis for development of work plans at block/ district level. Based on the research-extension strategies given in the SREPs, block/ district level plans for the year 2009-10 were developed by all the ATMA districts. The consolidated State Extension Work Plan (SEWP) for the year 2009-10 was developed and submitted to the GOI with an outlay of Rs.5,605.66 lakhs. GOI has given administrative approval for Rs.2,861.74 lakhs for the year 2009-10. An amount of Rs.1,287.89 lakhs has been utilized upto November,09 for implementation of need based activities like farmer trainings, demos, exposure visits, kisan melas, field days, farmer scientist interaction etc. Nearly 2.53 lakh beneficiaries were covered under different farm oriented activities. An amount of Rs. 17.91 crores has been spent during 2006-07 to 2008-09. Major Activities organized during 200910: 232 Awareness camps were organized to 1,77,661 farmers selected under 6,862 Farm Schools and Farmer Field Schools during the month of June 2009. Season Long Training Programme on Farm schools/Farmer Field Schools were 34

organized to the newly recruited ADAs/ AOs/ AEOs. Conducted 271 Farm Schools exclusively at Sub Divisional level during Kharif and Rabi. Conducted Adarsha Rythu training programmes to 41059 Adarsharythus. Proposals for establishment of Community Radio Station at Undi Village of West Godavari District by the RMG submitted to GOI. Filed oriented innovative activities like Organic Cultivation of Vegetables and with market linkage, single bud plantation in Sugarcane, Intercropping of Soybean in Cotton, Direct seeding of paddy, Promotion of Drought Resistant Fodder varieties, clean Milk production and backyard poultry, Promotion of high yielding Mulberry varieties V1, S-36, S30 and Quality seed production of Fish and awareness on optimum usage of antibiotics in Aquaculture have been taken up during the year 2009-10. Government of India Initiatives: Government of India have announced a Special Rehabilitation Package for the 16 Suicide Prone Districts of Andhra Pradesh for a sum of Rs.9,650.55 crores and now this package has been proposed to be extended for two more years i.e. for 2009-10 and 201011 for which Rs.4,135.92 crores proposals have been submitted for sanction. The districts covered in the package are as follows: 1. Kurnool 9. Guntur 2. Prakasam 10. Nellore 3. Adilabad 11. Medak 4. Chittoor 12. Mahabubnagar 5. Anantapur 13. Nalgonda 6. Kadapa 14. Karimnagar 7. Nizamabad 15. Khammam 8. Rangareddy 16. Warangal Implementation Mechanism: State and district level committees with Chief Secretary and District Collector as Chairperson at state and district level respectively have been constituted for effective supervision and monitoring of implementation mechanism. An amount of Rs.8,745.37 crores has been spent so far.

Status of Implementation of Package in Agriculture Sector: Seed Replacement: The quality seed would be instrumental in harvesting higher yield, enabling to get higher return of income to farmers. The seed replacement under the Package is being implemented. The achievement up to 31-32009 is Rs. 470.18 Crores by providing 50% subsidy on seed. Raashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY): RKVY is one of the flag ship programs of Govt. of India with 100% central aid and being implemented with an aim to achieve 4% annual growth rate in the Agriculture and Allied sectors during XI five year plan. Comprehensive District Agriculture Plans (C DAPs) for 22 Districts of Andhra Pradesh were prepared duly integrating Agriculture and Allied sectors and also prepared State Agriculture Plan (SAP) of Andhra Pradesh for XI five year plan period. The RKVY is being implemented during 2009-10 with an outlay of Rs.410.00 crores involving all the line departments viz., Agriculture, ANGRAU, Horticulture, A.P. Horticultural University, Animal Husbandry, Dairy Development, Fisheries, and S.V. Veterinary University. So far, Rs.278.12 crores is incurred under RKVY. National Food Security Mission (NFSM): National Development Council (NDC) in its 53rd meeting held on 29th May 2007 adopted a resolution to launch a Food Security Mission on Rice, Wheat and Pulses to increase production in the country. In compliance to the above, the Mission is under implementation for Rice and Pulses crops from Rabi 2007-08 onwards in Andhra Pradesh i.e. National Food Security Mission-Rice and National Food Security Mission-Pulses aiming to increase production and productivity of Rice and pulses on sustainable basis. The following districts are identified for implementation of National Food Security Mission- Rice and Pulses. National Food Security Mission-Rice (11 districts): Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, 35

Visakhapatnam, Krishna, Guntur, Nellore, Medak, Mahabubnagar, Nalgonda, Khammam and Adilabad. National Food Security Mission Pulses: (14 districts): Srikakulam, East Godavari, Krishna, Guntur, Prakasam, Kurnool, Kadapa, Ananthapur, Nizamabad, Mahabubnagar, Nalgonda, Warangal, Khammam and Adilabad. An amount of Rs.14,223.111 lakhs is allocated based on the proposals submitted for implementation of NFSM in AP during 2009-10. An amount of Rs.11,378.49 lakhs is available including releases and revalidated unspent balances and Rs.7,965.23 lakhs expenditure is incurred upto Nov.2009.

*** COOPERATION
5.2 In order to improve the standards of living in the rural areas of the state within a democratic and social frame work, the facilitator role played by Cooperative institutions have been extremely instrumental. The State Co-operative department which primarily deals with promotion of Co-operatives and administering Laws governing Co-operative societies strives to ensure proper reach of credit to member farmers for enhancing agriculture production and eradicating rural poverty. The Co-operation department celebrates Co-operation week every year form 14th November for highlighting various achievements and promoting comprehensive understanding of the principles of cooperation and related laws. Department of Co-operation is mainly dealing with promotion of co-operatives and administering co-operative laws governing the Co-operative Societies. The Department celebrates cooperative week every year starting from November 14th to promote better understanding of the principles and philosophy duly highlighting achievements of various sectors of the Co-operative movement. Profile of Cooperatives societies since 199697 is given in Annexure 5.16. Rural credit Co-operatives The Rural credit co-operative structure at present is a three-tier structure with the

Andhra Pradesh State Co-operative Bank at the APEX level, District Co-operative Central banks (DCCBs) at the District Level and Primary Agricultural Credit Co-operatives at the Village Level. Kisan Credit Cards have been issued to 35.25 lakh farmer members of the PACS. Relief to farmers affected by drought and other natural disasters has been provided. The long pending re-organization of PACS has been completed for making them viable based on the recommendations of the taskforce headed by Prof. A.Vaidyanathan constituted for suggesting the re-organization of co-operative societies. The PACS have now been re-organized from 4465 to 2940 in the State. Total financial assistance received so far under Revival Package for Rural Coop. Credit Structure is Rs.1831.71 crores including of State Government share of Rs. 243.63 crores. Loaning Programme 2009-10 A.P. State Co-operative Bank has provided Rs.2788.54 crores (Kharif Rs.2587.35 crores and Rabi Rs.201.19 crores) as production credit to the farmers through the Primaries and the Dist. Central Co-operatives in 200910(upto December,2009). Out of Rs.2,587.35 crores loans disbursed during the kharif under Seasonal Agrl. Operations (SAO), Oil Seeds Production Programme (OPP) and Development of Tribal Programme (DTP) are Rs.2,327.48 crores, Rs.226.94 crores and Rs.32.93 crores respectively. Short Term (Crop) Loans:An amount of Rs.2587.35 crores has been disbursed by the DCCBs and GCC during Kharif 09 season. Long Term Loans: APCOB achieved a loaning programme of Rs.68.29 crores for disbursement of Long term Credit Loans during the year 200910(upto December,2009). Of this, Rs.59.27 crores has been disbursed for various purposes like Minor Irrigation, Farm Mechanization, Dairy, Horticulture, A.P. Micro Irrigation Projects, Fisheries etc., Integrated Co-operative Project (ICDP) Development

The National Co-operative Development Corporation (NCDC), New Delhi has been providing financial assistance towards creation of infrastructure facilities like godown, iron safes, banking counters and storage facilities etc., to the societies under ICDP for the development of agricultural and allied sectors. This project is under implementation since 1989 in AP. This Project has already been completed in 7 districts viz. East Godavari, Nizamabad Phase-I and II, Krishna, Kurnool, Nalgonda, Chittoor and Guntur. The project is now under implementation in 13 districts namely Visakhapatnam, Medak, Warangal, Nellore, Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, West Godavari, Kadapa, Mahabubnagar, Ananthapur, Adilabad, Karimnagar and Ranga Reddy districts. NCDC has sanctioned new projects in Khammam and Prakasam districts recently and project works are in progress. Marketing Co-operative Societies There are 22 District Co-operative Marketing Societies (DCMSs), which undertake procurement of agricultural produce to enable agriculturists to get the minimum administered prices for their produce. The DCMSs are procuring seed on behalf of AP Seeds Development Corporation and also undertaking procurement activities on behalf of MARKFED in addition to carrying local business activities like sale of Fertilisers, Seeds, Consumable articles, Stationary items etc., to various departments located in the districts. The performance of DCMSs as on 31-03-2009 is given in Table 5.10 Table - 5.10
Performance of District Cooperative Marketing Societies
(Rs. Lakhs)

Share Capital Contribution Business Turn over Profit Accumulated losses Assets Liabilities
Source:- Cooperation Department

659.26 21,078.12 186.22 1,054.39 5,436.68 4,944.68

A.P. MARKFED APMARKFED is engaged in supplying agricultural inputs, cattle feed, fertilisers, 36

gypsum, provisions and other requirements to Societies, Government hostels and other private run institutions. Subsequent to introduction of single window system in the state in 1987, MARKFED is offering its services through PACS at the primary level and DCMS in the district level. It undertakes procurement of agricultural produce like cereals and grams from farmers under minimum support price / market intervention scheme. It is also procuring other commodities under commercial account every year depending upon the market situation. During 2009-10(upto Decemeber,2009), it has achieved a business turnover of Rs.757.61 crores. During 2010-11, it has programmed a turnover of Rs.1264.00 crores. AP State Co-Operative Union (APSCU) APSCU is an apex cooperative institution in the field of Coop. Education and training. There are 6 Co-operative Training Centers (CTCs) working under APSCU offering Diploma in Co-operative Management and Computer Applications. APSCU is mainly providing education to the members, conducting short term cooperative trainings to the Staff and member orientation programs to the needy elected Managing Committee members of PACS, DCCBs and other Cooperatives. The Union is also publishing a Cooperative Monthly Magazine titled Sahakara Samacharam for carrying out publicity and propaganda of Cooperative Principles and Cooperative Movement in the State. Andhra Pradesh State Cooperative Rural Irrigation Corporation Ltd., (APSCRIC) The Andhra Pradesh State Cooperative Rural Irrigation Corporation Ltd., Hyderabad was registered in 1981 with the objective of undertaking drilling of in-well bores, surface bores, lift Irrigation schemes and construction of check dams etc., relating to Agricultural sector. Since 1995-96, the Corporation had diversified its activities and started undertaking civil works. During the year 2009-10 (up to November) the Corporation executed works to a tune of Rupees Eight crores. Further, the APSCRIC Ltd. is under Reform Option Study programme and efforts are in process to restructure the Corporation. 37

Rural Electricity Supply Cooperative Societies (RESCOs) The four RESCOs working under the administrative control of the department are located at Kuppam in Chittoor Dist., Anakapalli in Visakhapatnam Dist, Cheepurupalli in Vizianagaram Dist. and Siricilla in Karimnagar District. These four RESCOs cover 663 villages and 801 hamlets. The objects of RESCOs is to purchase electricity in bulk from the near by DISCOM and distribute it to industrial, agricultural and domestic consumers in its area of operation. The membership in these societies is about 4,50,000, and their total share capital is Rs.9.63 Crores. The total number of connections given as on 31-12-2009 is 4,09,718. The Hyderabad Agricultural Cooperative Association Ltd.,(HACA) The HACA was registered on 01.07.1949 in the State under the Multi State Coop. Societies Act, with the main object of serving the agricultural farmers through PACS as its members. The objectives of HACA include supply of quality seeds like soybean, groundnut, paddy, castor, red gram., fertilizers, pesticides and other agricultural inputs, supply of rice, pulses, oils and other consumer items such as note books and crackers etc. It undertakes supply of fertilizers, pesticides and other agriculture inputs through its own branches, HACA Rythu Seva Kendram located at HACA Bhavan and through PACSs at competitive prices. The business turnover of the HACA is Rs.138.00 Crores during the year 2009-10(up to December). Consumer Cooperative Societies Consumer Cooperatives have been assigned important role in the distribution of consumer articles of good quality at competitive prices to control price line in both urban and rural areas in the State. 919 Consumer Cooperative Societies are functioning in the State with a turnover of Rs.151.30 crores as on March, 2009. Consumer Cooperative Societies are also undertaking the distribution of textbooks, notebooks, cloth, crackers and supply of various stationary items and provisions to the Government hostels etc.

Weaker Section Cooperative Societies Weaker Sections Cooperatives among others include Labour Contract Cooperative Societies and Cooperative Joint Farming societies etc. a) Labour Contract Cooperative societies in the State: Labour Contract Cooperative societies are functioning in a 3-tier structure as shown below.
Primary Level 6,714 LCCS with 3,99,321members District Level State Level 23 District Federations of Labour Contract Cooperative Societies Andhra Pradesh State Cooperative Labour Contract Cooperative Societies Federation Ltd., Hyderabad (under liquidation)

The audit shall be completed within a period of six months from the close of Cooperative year and audit certificate shall be issued before the end of succeeding Cooperative year.

*** HORTICULTURE
5.3 Horticulture is emerging as an indispensable and growing part of Agriculture, offering a wide range of choices to the farmers for crop diversification. It also provides ample opportunities for sustaining large number of agro-industries which generate substantial employment opportunities. With Agriculture and Allied sectors finding alternative ways of increasing productivity of crops, Horticulture as a sub-sector is a revelation showing remarkable signs of progress in Andhra Pradesh and benefiting from an impressive base. Horticulture sector covering a wide variety of crops provides ample scope for empowering the people by generating employment opportunities, improving economic conditions, providing nutritional security and plays a vital role in the transformation of agrarian economy. In view of the increased public investment in Horticulture sector, much needed emphasis is given to Horticulture development; primarily targeted at increasing the production and productivity of horticulture crops, development of infrastructure for post harvest management and providing access to domestic and export markets. Most significant development in the last decade is that horticulture has moved from rural confine to commercial production; encouraging private sector investment in production system management. This trend has led to the adoption of improved technology, greater commercialization and professionalism in the management of production and marketing. This transition from traditional Horticulture to trade oriented outlook has brought a perceptible change in the concept of Horticulture development in the state. A large number of concessions, assistance and incentives are given to the

b) Cooperative Joint Farming Societies: Joint Farming Cooperatives are working in a 3-tier structure as shown below:
Primary Level 2,295 CJFS and membership of 1,92,716 District Level 23 District Federations of Cooperative Joint Farming Societies State Level Andhra Pradesh State Cooperative Joint Farming Societies Federation Ltd., Hyderabad (under liquidation)

The area covered under CJFS is 2,62,776 acres. The area developed so far is 89,567 acres. An area of 1,73,209 acres of land is yet to be developed. Cooperative Tribunals Four Cooperative Tribunals are constituted in the State. Two Tribunals at Hyderabad and Vijayawada were constituted in 1993 and two Tribunals were formed at Warangal and Visakhapatnam in 2003 to render speedy and effective justice to the affected parties. These Tribunals are vested with Appellate Jurisdiction over the orders passed under APCS Act, 1964 and with original jurisdiction over the disputes filed under AP MACS Act, 1995. 1,542 cases are pending in all the four Cooperative Tribunals for disposals as on 30. 09.2009. Audit A separate Audit wing headed by Chief Auditor is functioning for causing audit of Cooperative Societies. Every society is responsible for maintaining its accounts and is required to get its accounts audited every year.

38

growers, processors and exporters by the State and Central Governments. Andhra Pradesh Ranks first in production of Spices, second in production of Fruits and third in production of Flowers in the Country. Andhra Pradesh Ranks first in production of Mango, Sweet Orange, Lime/ Lemon, Papaya, Oil Palm and Tomato, third in production of Tapioca, and fourth in production of Grapes, Pomegranate, Sapota, Bhendi and Sweet Potato. (NHB data base 2008). Growth: The area under Horticulture has increased from 3.70 lakh ha. in 1982 to 19.89 lakh ha. by 2008-09, The details of area and production estimates of horticulture crops during 2007-08 and 2008-09 are given in Annexure 5.17. The abstract of Area and Production estimates of 2008-09 are as shown in Table 5.11
Table - 5.11 Horticulture Crops Area and Production during 2008-09 Production Area Sl. (in Lakh (in Lakh No Crop Category MTs) Ha.) 1 Fruit Crops 9.36 131.65 2 Plantation Crops 3.86 6.76 3 Vegetables and Tuber Crops 3.24 52.67 4 Spices 3.03 11.51 5 Flowers 0.19 1.25 0.77 6 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 0.20 Source: Horticulture Department

Performance: Various farmer oriented activities are taken up with focus on adoption of modern technologies, evolving sustainable farming practices, and providing Post harvest infrastructure facilities apart from providing knowledge inputs to the farming community. Assistance is provided to the farmers on plant material, seed and inputs, Drip and Sprinkler systems, Pre and Post Harvest infrastructure etc., through the schemes implemented under A.P. Micro Irrigation Project, State Horticulture Mission, Rastriya Krishi Vikas Yojana, Oil Palm Development Programme and State Plan Programme etc. 39

A.P. Micro Irrigation Project: Micro Irrigation Project was launched in November 2003 for encouraging micro irrigation, for conservation of precious ground water resources and conserving power. The objective of the project is effective water management (water saving and water use efficiency) to achieve vertical growth in productivity. During 2009-10, an area of 0.54 lakh hectares has been brought under drip/sprinkler irrigation so far, as against the target of 1.50 lakh hectares. State Horticulture Mission: The programme aims to provide holistic growth to Horticulture sector through area based regionally differentiated strategies which includes research, technology promotion, extension, post harvest management, processing and marketing, in consonance with comparative advantages of each region and its diverse agro-climatic feature. During 2009-10, an amount of Rs.66.18 crores was utilized so far, for implementation of various activities like establishment of new gardens, rejuvenation of senile gardens, IPM / INM, HRD, Organic farming, farm mechanization and post harvest management etc. Rastriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY): RKVY aims at achieving 4% annual growth in the agriculture sector during the XI Plan period, by ensuring a holistic development of Agriculture and allied sectors. During 200910, an amount of Rs.26.04 Crores was utilized so far, for implementation of various activities like establishment of new gardens, rejuvenation of senile gardens, Integrated Vegetable Production Techniques, IPM/ INM, HRD, Organic farming, Farm Mechanization and Post Harvest Management etc. Development of Fruits and Plantation Crops: A wide variety of tropical and sub-tropical fruits like Mango, Citrus, Banana, Sapota, Guava etc., and Plantation crops like Cashew, Cocoa and Coconut are grown in the state. Various activities are being taken up under State Horticulture Mission, Rastriya Krishi

Vikas Yojana and State Plan programmes to step up the production and productivity of fruit crops, through bringing additional area by diversification from traditional to market driven Horticulture Crops, providing elite plant material/ inputs to improve the quality and productivity, encouraging tissue culture Banana, rejuvenating old and senile orchards and creating awareness /educating the farmers on new technologies evolved in fruit crop cultivation etc,. Cashew: Cashew being a remunerative crop, cultivation is being encouraged on a large scale with high yielding grafts and strains/selections for improved productivity. Coconut: Awareness programmes on crop diversification, inter cropping and promotion of vermicompost, value addition etc. are being conducted for sustainability of Coconut gardens. During the year 2009-10, so far an area of 23,261 Ha. is covered under area expansion so far. Rejuvenation of old and senile orchards was taken up in an area of 9657 Ha. During 2009-10 clusters were identified and 75 Nos of D-plots were taken up so far under Integrated Development of Coconut. Integrated Vegetable Development: In order to ensure continuous supply of Vegetables, Hybrid Vegetable Seed is being supplied on subsidy basis besides providing assistance for erection of Permanent and Semi-permanent Pandals, Shade-houses and Poly-houses. Providing nutritional security to rural women and children through supply of Vegetable Mini Kits. Intensified efforts are being taken up to sensitize the farmers and popularize the use of hybrid seed for higher production and productivity. During 2009-10, an area of 59,710 hectares was covered under hybrid vegetable seed distribution programme. Assistance was also provided for erection of Permanent and SemiPermanent Pandals (1228 Acres) and encouraging cultivation of Tomato on Trellies (411 Acres). So far, a total of 2,23,400 Vegetable Mini Kits were distributed to beneficiaries. Spices: The need of the hour is effective transfer of technology to the progressive farmers. Quality plant material and other post 40

harvest infrastructure requirements have been supplied to reduce the post harvest losses. During 2009-10, an area of 527 hectares was covered under area expansion. Floriculture: Floriculture sector has been identified as one of the focus segments of Horticulture. Due to growing demand for flowers in domestic and export market, Flower cultivation is a profitable prospect for the farmers. During 2009-10, Green house cultivation has been taken up in 2,44,000 Sq mts.( includes Green Houses-13,000Sq.Mtrs, Shadents1,91,000Sq.Mtrs and Mulching40,000Sq.Mtrs) for production of high value flowers like H.T.Roses, carnations, gerbera, anthurium, etc., under controlled conditions with an objective to explore the export potential. Landscape and Ornamental Gardening: With a view to transform the urban environment into pollution free and pleasant surroundings, the Department is taking up revitalization of Public Gardens with an aim to develop model landscape gardens. As a part of beautification, both hard and soft landscape works are taken up. Organic Farming / IPM / INM: During 2009-10, 865 vermi compost units were sanctioned so far under Horticulture Crops towards encouraging adoption of organic farming. An area of 1250 hectares has been taken up under various fruits /spices for implementing IPM / INM practices. Mushroom Development: Mushrooms are rich in proteins, vitamins and minerals. The oyster mushroom and paddy straw mushroom are cultivated in unorganized sector and in need of seed / spawn material. The Department has set up 6 mushroom labs in the State for production and supply the spawn/seed material to entrepreneurs. During 2009-10, so far 2,010 Kgs of spawn material is produced and 220 individuals were trained on Mushroom Cultivation. Post Harvest Management (PHM) Horticulture crops are highly perishable in nature and require special attention with respect to their harvesting, handling, packaging, storage and processing operations.

Experts are of the opinion that losses to the extent of 30% occur in various stages, by the time the produce moves from producer to consumer. The department is concentrating on providing pre-harvest tools and development of post harvest infrastructure facilities like Pack houses, Cold storages, Refer Vans, Ripening Chambers etc. During 2009-10, assistance was provided for 6 Nos. Turmeric Drying Platforms and towards supply of 71,226 numbers of post harvest tools and plant protection equipment. Oil Palm Development: Andhra Pradesh stands 1st in area, production and productivity under Oil Palm. An area of 17,409 hectares has been covered under oilpalm during the year 2008-09. Under this project, assistance is being provided towards plant material, cultivation, micro irrigation and inter crops besides organizing training programmes. Two oil palm seed gardens were established in the state, one by department and another in private sector. The seeds are produced at these gardens under the technical guidance of National Research Centre (NRC) Oilpalm, Pedavegi Center in West Godavari District and supplied to Oilpalm companies. 12 companies with a processing capacity of 98 MTs per hour are working with the Government under this program. The companies have buy-back arrangements for purchase of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFBs) from the farmers in the factory zone at the rate fixed by the Government. During 2009-10, an area of 2,551 hectares has been brought under Oil palm cultivation so far. Exports: The total value of exports of horticulture commodities is Rs.2,111.30 Crores during 2008-09. The details of exports in quantity, value and destination of horticultural crops are given in Annexure 5.18. Information Technology and Data Management: Information Technology is the key for effective communication and dissemination of information. The Department is connected to

APSWAN and receiving data online through dialup network from District Offices. The Department has taken up development of software packages for compiling Area and Production of Horticulture crops, Andhra Pradesh Micro Irrigation Project etc. The Department Website aphorticulture.com is being maintained. Tele Conference facility is developed for effective communication and for getting immediate reports on progress. Human Resource Development: The Andhra Pradesh Horticulture Training Institute was established to impart knowledge of new technologies/innovations to the stakeholders (farmers, extension officers, exporters and processors) and to build the capacity of farmers i.e Human Resource Development through training programmes/ workshops/exposure visits which is identified as one of the critical inputs for growth of Horticulture sector in the State. 7 Regional Horticulture Training Institutes (RHTIs) were established to impart trainings to the farmers. During 2009-10, 16,310 farmers were trained at HTI and RHTIs and exposure visits were organized for 164 farmers so far.

*** ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

5.4 Animal Husbandry being an important subsector to Agriculture is rapidly making inroads into the rural economy providing gainful employment to a large number of small and marginal farmers and raise their economic status. Economic support programs like distribution of milch animals, sheep and poultry units have enormously helped the rural masses in bridging their income gaps. Besides conserving domestic biodiversity, it is a means of producing food in dry lands without depleting ground water resources. Dependability even during drought times is one aspect that makes the Livestock subsector more lucrative and progressive. The sub-sector provides sustainable daily income to nearly 60 lakh families even during adverse seasonal conditions. A sizable number of families, owning sheep and goat have already been covered with 100% insurance of their 41

livestock. Several schemes targeting increased production of milk, meat and eggs are also helping to improve the nutritional standards of people in the state. The activities of the Animal Husbandry Department have been oriented towards health of livestock and increased production of milk, meat and eggs and to provide adequate bullock power for agricultural operations. The schemes of the Animal Husbandry Department have been formulated in pursuance to the well-laid National policies to improve the Livestock production, to fight protein hunger and to improve nutritional standards of human population and also provide technical support for the maintenance and improvement of livestock. Salient Features: In order to provide necessary financial support to shepherds to overcome the sheep losses during disease outbreaks the entire sheep population in the State will be insured. During the year 2009-10, an amount of Rs.84.96 lakhs is allocated to insure 10 lakh sheep. Mass vaccination against Foot and Mouth disease with Government of India assistance has been implemented in Chittoor, Ananthapur, Ranga Reddy and Medak districts to capitalize export market since 2003-04. The scheme is extended to cover the bovine population in the entire State since 2007-08 under the 100% GOI assistance schemes such as Assistance to State for Control of Animal Diseases (ASCAD) and Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY). A Programme of deworming the Sheep belonging to shepherds of all categories of farmers twice in a year on free of cost basis was taken up, resulting in reduced early lamb mortality and improved growth rate due to increased disease resistance in sheep and continued during the year 200910. Government of India have sanctioned Special Livestock and Fisheries Package (Prime Ministers Package) under Animal Husbandry Sector for Rehabilitation of farmers in 16 suicide 42

prone districts of Andhra Pradesh with a view to provide supplementary avenues of income to the farmers, with a financial outlay of Rs.247.07 Crores. During the year 2009-10 (up to 30-9-2009) 1198 milch animals were inducted under this scheme. Government of Andhra Pradesh have decided to develop Agriculture and allied Sectors which are farmer oriented. In this direction, Government have decided to formulate a Scheme called Chief Ministers Special Package for implementation of farmer oriented Welfare Programmes. During the year 2009-10 (up to 30-9-2009), 715 milch animals and heifers were inducted under this scheme. Government of Andhra Pradesh have introduced a scheme Jeeva Kranthi Padhakam since 2007-08, to support BPL families by supplying Breeding Rams, Ram Lamb Units and Sheep and Goat Units under Chief Ministers Package, to enhance the economic status of the targeted families. During the year 200910 (up to 30-9-2009) 7117 Breeding Rams, 554 Ram Lamb Rearing Units and 764 Sheep and Goat Units were grounded. During the year 2009-10 (up to 30-9-2009) 929 milch animals were inducted under Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Joyana. During the year 2007-08, 500 Integrated Livestock Development Centers were sanctioned in 8 districts of the State to increase the breeding operations in the uncovered areas. This scheme is implemented with the assistance of J.K.Trust Gram Vikas Yojana. All these Centres were established during the year 2008-09 and continued during the year 2009-10.

Animal Health Activities: The Animal Health activities play an important role in the growth of livestock Industry, since the livestock production programmes will not be successful without providing necessary safe guards against hazards of Animal diseases. The department has taken up strengthening of the

existing institutions to improve the quality of Animal Health Services by providing facilities for surgery, disease investigation and treatment and therefore Poly Clinics were established at district Head quarters. Every mandal has been provided with a veterinary graduate to organize effective Animal Health Service, to support the production program and prevention and control of livestock diseases. Five types of regular institutions viz., 22 Veterinary Polyclinics, 3 Super Specialty Veterinary Hospitals, 278 Veterinary Hospitals, 1826 Veterinary Dispensaries, 42 Mobile Veterinary Clinics, and 3110 Rural Livestock Units are functioning mainly to attend to animal health needs through out the State. 252.16 Lakh cases were treated, 4.50 lakh castrations were done and 366.83 lakh vaccinations were conducted by these institutions during the year 2009-10 (up to 309-2009). Proper diagnosis of disease is half the treatment. Towards this end, 22 Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratories (ADDLs) are functioning. Veterinary Biological Research Institute, Hyderabad: There are two divisions in the Institute i.e., Biological Products Division and Disease Investigation Division. Each division is functioning under the control of separate Joint Directors. (i) Biological Products Division: Objectives: To produce different vaccines with proven immunogenicity for livestock and poultry. Large-scale manufacture of vaccines for livestock and poultry. To develop/adopt new techniques in the manufacture of Biologicals in bulk quantities To boost the economy of the farmer community by protecting the livestock wealth against onslaught of contagious diseases.

To boost the economy of the poultry farmers by protecting the poultry against the various contagious poultry diseases.

To prevent the losses of valuable livestock due to various diseases, supply of vaccine to the institutions to protect the livestock is essential. The Veterinary Biological Research institute, is the main source in the State for the production of Viral and Biological Vaccines and is producing ten types of viral and bacterial vaccines. During the year 2009-10 (upto Sept.09), 238.26 lakh doses of various types of vaccines have been produced by this institute. (ii) Disease Investigation Wing: Control and elimination of disease depends upon prompt and correct diagnosis of the disease. The team of Disease Investigation Officers and subject matter specialists under the supervision and direction of the Joint Director are attending to this important item of work. Objectives: Disease diagnosis and investigation of disease conditions among Livestock, Sheep, Goats, canines, pigs, poultry. To collect the epidemiological data of the disease occurrences in the State, analyze the findings and take measures for control and eradication. To attend outbreaks, notifying areas, advising the field staff for intensive follow-up in tackling the disease occurrences and collection of relevant materials for laboratory diagnosis and suggesting measures for the containment of the diseases. To undertake research problems pertaining to the field problems. Government Livestock Farms: To support the cattle development activities in the state, for producing pedigree bulls, the department has established Cattle Breeding Farms at suitable places in the State. At present 9 Livestock Farms and one Fodder Seed Multiplication Farm are functioning under the control of this department. The livestock maintained by the Government Livestock Farms is shown in Table 5.12. 43

Table - 5.12 Government Livestock Farms

Breed 2008-09 2009-10 (up to 30-9-2009)

Exotic Jersey Cross Breed Work cattle

Total

17 58
75

10 163 14
187

Indigenous Ongole Sahiwal Deoni

Total

514 233 24
771

453 155 23
631

Murrah

84

185

Grand Total 930 1003 Source: Animal Husbandry Department

During the year 2009-10 (upto 30-9-2009), 79 breeding bulls were supplied to the Frozen Semen Bull Stations/ farmers. Andhra Pradesh Livestock Development Agency The State Government, with the financial assistance from Government of India, have launched a massive programme of Restructuring of Breeding Operations in cattle under the scheme National Project for Cattle and Buffalo breeding (NPCBB). To implement this programme, Andhra Pradesh Livestock Development Agency (APLDA) has been established and started functioning from April, 2000. Objectives: To expand Artificial Insemination to cover total breedable bovine population at farmers doorstep. To channelise all the inputs needed to provide Artificial Insemination facility. To regulate and ensure quality control of inputs and services rendered by the field workers. Functions: Production and procurement of quality inputs like frozen semen, liquid nitrogen, equipment and their proper supply. Crossbreeding and up-gradation of cattle and buffaloes and maintenance and development of indigenous Gerplasm in breeding tracks and assessing the breeding needs.

Maintenance of quality artificial insemination service. Standardizing the methodology of A.I and designing of training programmes. Generation of self employment for educate unemployed rural youth as Gopalamitras. Training and positioning of the A.I Technicians. Educating the farmers on breeding activities and reproductive management. Maintenance of Management of information system and carryout the research and development. Frozen Semen Bull Stations: Livestock Production can be achieved only by practice of utilization of proper bulls of high genetic value. To achieve bullock power it is necessary to develop indigenous breeds and introduction of germ plasm of good milch breeds in local non-descriptive cows and buffaloes for enhancement of milk production. This objective can only be achieved in a wider area within minimum possible period through Artificial Insemination. Andhra Pradesh has 35.51 lakhs white cattle and 70.32 lakhs of buffalo breedable population (Eighteenth Quinquennial Livestock Census). Due to introduction of mobile A.I facility in the State and expansion of A.I activity, the coverage of breedable bovine population has increased from 20% in 1999 to 45.17% in 2008-09. The quality of A.I has also improved. The conception rate has increased from 38% in 1999-2000 to 47% during 2008-09. Frozen Semen Technology has been extended throughout the State to effect rapid improvement in Progeny born to this breedable population by using superior germ plasm and also improving the feeding and managerial practices by propagating improved varieties of feed and fodder. Frozen Semen Technology in the State has also sufficient improvement in the production of frozen semen, establishing Young Bull Training Centers, transportation of Liquid Nitrogen, District Frozen Semen Depots. The Regional Artificial Insemination Training Centers are being continued to train the field personal in handling of frozen semen in the field.

44

To produce required Frozen Semen for the state, four Frozen Semen Bull Stations one each at Visakhapatnam, Nandyal, Banavasi and Karimnagar are functioning during the year under report. These stations are maintaining 258 breeding bulls of known pedigree for production of Frozen Semen. Salient features of performance by the Frozen Semen Bull Stations during the year 2009-10 (up to 30-9-2009) are shown in Table 5.13.
Table - 5.13

Performance of Frozen Semen Bull Stations

Sl.N 2009-10 Item of Work o (up to 30-9-2009) 1 No. of Bulls Stationed a) Exotic/ Crossbred 63 b) Indigenous 11 c) Murrah 171 Total 245 2 Quantity of Frozen Semen Produced (Lakh Doses) a) Exotic/ Crossbred 10.19 b) Indigenous 2.06 c) Murrah 22.87 Total 35.12 Source: Animal Husbandry Department

District Frozen Semen Depots: 21 District Frozen Semen Depots are functioning during the year under report. These Depots are catering to the needs of the Frozen Semen and Liquid Nitrogen to 7,789 Artificial Inseminations Centres spread all over the State. Performance of District Frozen Semen Depots are shown in Table 5.14.
Table - 5.14 Performance of District Frozen Semen Depots 2009-10 Sl. No Item of Work (up to 30-9-2009) Quantity of Frozen Semen Supplied Lakh Doses a) Exotic 10.34 1 b) Indigenous 2.10 c) Murrah 11.56 Total 24.00 Artificial Inseminations Lakh Nos. Done a) Exotic/ Crossbred 7.43 2 b) Indigenous 1.26 c) Murrah 10.53 Total 19.22 3 No. of Departmental Artificial Insemination 7,789 Centers Covered

Source: Animal Husbandry Department

Artificial Insemination Centres: At present, there are 4,984 Departmental Frozen Semen Centers in Animal Husbandry department. Out of them 1830 are having mobile facility. In addition, there are 2046 Private A.I Practitioners (Gopalamitras), 134 centres under BAIF and 133 Centers under Andhra Pradesh Dairy Development Cooperative Federation, 483 Centers under J.K.Trust and 9 Other Centers, in total 7789 Centers are functioning for which frozen semen and Liquid Nitrogen is being supplied. These, Artificial Insemination Centers have done 19.22 lakh Artificial Inseminations and recorded 8.22 calf births during the year 200910 (up to 30-9-2009). Liquid Nitrogen Plants: There are 12 Liquid Nitrogen Plants. As the production cost of Liquid Nitrogen with the plants is very high, the Liquid Nitrogen is being procured from outside source. These plants are being used as standby plants to meet emergency requirements. During the year 2009-10 (up to 30-9-2009) 8.38 lakh liters of Liquid Nitrogen has been purchased. Implementation of Livestock Insurance Programme: Government of India sanctioned Livestock Insurance Programme during the year 2009-10 for 8 districts in Andhra Pradesh i.e. Nellore, Kurnool, Kadapa, Ananthapur, Warangal, Khammam, Mahaboob Nagar and Adilabad. APLDA implemented this scheme and during the year 2009-10(up to 30-9-2009) and covered 39,141 milch animals. Scheme for Gopalamitra Sustenance: In order to improve the performance of Gopalamitras and to encourage them, the Government approved the Scheme for sustenance of Gopalamitras. Under this scheme, each Gopalamitra is paid remuneration of Rs.1200/- per month with effect from 1st July 2007. Gopalamitras have performed 5.53 lakh doorstep Artificial Inseminations (29% of total A.I) and produced 2.02 lakh crossbred/Graded calves (25% of total A.I calves) during the year 2009-10(up to 30-9-2009). Feed and Fodder Development: High yielding and nutritious fodder are essential for scientific and economic 45

management of livestock particularly to crossbreeds. It is endeavor of the department to popularize and propagate the high yielding fodder crops with the farmers on available arable and non-arable land, as it is essential for the scientific feeding of the livestock for the increased productivity of milk and mutton. To intensify the activity, fodder slips, and improved varieties of fodder and pasture seed has been supplied to the farmers with most encouraging results. During the year 2009-10 (up to 30-9-2009) 4.34 lakh acres were brought under fodder cultivation. Sheep Development: Sheep rearing plays an important role in the national economy. It provides gainful employment and income to the weaker sections especially the rural poor. Scientific breeding is being advocated in the sheep farms for the production of breeding rams with improved quality of mutton and wool. The rams are distributed to interested breeders for upgrading their local sheep flocks for improved production both quality and quantity wise. To achieve the objective, 2 Sheep Farms, 1 Ram Multiplication Farm and 2 Sheep Units are functioning during the year. The farm produce Pedigree rams are distributed to the sheep breeders to upgrade their stock for improved quality of meat and increased meat production. 11 Intensive Sheep Development Projects covering the entire State are also functioning and attending extension activities as breeding, effective health coverage and training to Sheep Breeders in scientific management. Sheep Insurance: Sheep are mostly reared by poorer sections belonging to backward classes. During wide spread epidemics, there are considerable deaths of sheep leading to economic loss to these rural poor. In order to provide insulation, Government of Andhra Pradesh have taken up sheep insurance programme in the State during the year 2006-07 and continuing its implementation. During the year 2009-10, an amount of Rs.84.96 lakhs is allocated and Ten lakh sheep will be insured. The coverage of Sheep Insurance is shown in Table 5.15. 46

Table - 5.15 Sheep Insurance

Year Sheep insured (No. in lakhs) Young Adults Total ones Govt. Share Rs. in Lakhs

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

(up to Sept.2009)

27.48 5.92 2.05 1.69

5.02 0.47 0.11 0.09

32.50 6.39 2.16 1.78

522.25 98.52 124.54 106.48

Source: Animal Husbandry Department

Piggery Development Pig farming has an important role in improving the Socio-Economic status of sizable population of the weaker sections of the society. To make available Pork at a reasonable price, Piggery development has been taken up in Andhra Pradesh under various programs like ITDA, IRDP and SC Action Plan etc, as the pig is a profile breeder with heavy litter size, short gestation period, and good feed conversion efficiency. Piggery plays an important role in meeting the demands of meat in rural as well as urban areas. In order to make available the required pedigree Male and Female breeding stock to the beneficiaries under various schemes, 4 pig breeding stations are functioning in the state. Piggery Development Project, Visakhapatnam The project renders necessary technical assistance to the beneficiaries in maintenance of fattening units, up gradation of Desi Pigs, supply of premixed feed marketing of finished Pork and Pork products in the districts of Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram, Srikakulam besides exercising technical control over the 4 pig breeding stations and promotion of Pork sales in the state. 34 pork booths are functioning in the districts of Visakhapatnam, East Godavari, Vizianagaram, West Godavari, Krishna and Srikakulam and the sales of pork and pork products are continued. Pig Fattening Scheme (Buy back system) The District S.C.Society has established a Piggery Complex at Krishnapuram a suburb of Visakhapatnam with permanent sheds to rehabilitate Scheduled Caste people through Pig Fattening Scheme and a total number of

25 families are provided with L.W.Y weaners and fat pigs produced by them were taken back after attaining 70 to 80 kgs. live weight and each beneficiary is getting an amount of Rs.3,000/- to Rs.4,000/- p.m as remuneration and hence provided gainful employment to the S.C.People. Piggery Development Scheme: Piggery Development Scheme, Srikakulam acts as a liaison Office between District Rural Development Agency, District Scheduled Caste Society, Bankers, Piggery Development Project, Visakhapatnam and the Integrated Rural Development Agency for planning and implementation of Piggery development scheme, marketing of cross breeds and to train Piggery beneficiaries. Poultry Development: Poultry farming in Andhra Pradesh is most dynamic and fastest growing segment of Agriculture Sector. The State occupies first rank in egg production and broiler production in the Country with an annual production of 1925 crore eggs. Vanaraja Multiplication Farm and Hatchery at Government Livestock Farm, Mamnoor, Warangal District has been established during the year 2004-05 under Centrally Sponsored Scheme. The progress of achievements as on 30-9- 2009 of the farm are as follows. Parent Stock 1,346 Eggs produced 35,975 No of Chicks distributed - 14,091 Beneficiaries (Women, SC. ST) covered - 1,409 The works of Vanaraja Multiplication Farm and Hatchery at Utukuru village in Kadapa district, Alluru in Nellore district and Garividi in Vizianagaram district are at different stages of progress. Human Resource Development: The Training approach in Animal Husbandry department was given a new impetus and direction. The Training needs of both Veterinarians and Para-Veterinarians in the department were identified; training action plans were drawn up and are being implemented. In order to meet the growing challenges and opportunities, emerging in the livestock sector, the staff of the Animal Husbandry Department needs to be 47

competitive, committed and motivated to provide sound service delivery system. HRD wing in the Directorate is coordinating, monitoring, evaluating and implementing the need based training Programmes to the staff of the Department, with a view that training is a continuous activity and every employee working in the Department should be exposed for one training course per year. The Animal Husbandry Department has launched three tier training system to meet the training demands of the staff at District, Regional and State level to address area specific needs of livestock and their owners. The Department has restructured its training Programmes for Veterinarians and Para Veterinarians at 3 State Level, 9 Regional Level and 22 District Level Training Centres. 948 Veterinarians, 1420 Para Veterinarians and 84 Gopalmitras are trained during 200910 upto (30-9-2009). Special Schemes: 1. Prime Ministers Package: The Government of India have sanctioned Special Livestock and Fisheries Package with an objective to provide supplementary avenues of income to the small and marginal farmers who are more vulnerable to economic distress. Implementing Districts: Mahabubnagar, Rangareddy, Medak, Nizamabad, Adilabad, Karimnagar, Warangal, Khammam, Nalgonda, Chittoor, Kadapa, Kurnool, Ananthapur, Guntur, Prakasam and Nellore. Components of the Package: Induction of high yielding milch animals Rearing support for Female calves of inducted animals Feed and fodder support for inducted animals Health Care of inducted animals Breeding Services (Artificial Insemination and Oestrus Synchronization) Establishing of Fodder Block Making Units Establishing of Bulk Milk Cooling Units Details of the Components: 1. Induction of High Yielding Milch Animals: It is proposed to induct 16000 milch animals per year @ 1000 in each of the 16 districts, during the implementation period. A

one MCU/BCU with unit cost of Rs.24.00 lakhs as total grant, will be established. Chief Ministers Special Package To uplift the BPL families, the Government have taken up the following programmes and also released budget under plan schemes for implementation during the year 2009-10. Chief Ministers Jeeva Kranthi Padhakam Government of Andhra Pradesh have introduced a scheme Jeeva Kranthi Padhakam during 2007-08, to support BPL families by supplying Breeding Rams, Ram Lamb Units and Sheep and Goat Units under Chief Ministers Package, to enhance the economic status of the targeted families. The scheme is continued during 2008-09 and 2009-10 also on 50% subsidy. The components under Jeeva Kranthi Padhakam are: 1. Supply of Ram Lamb Units. 2. Supply of Breeding Rams. 3. Supply of Sheep and Goat Units. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (Animal Husbandry Sector) Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Joyana (RKVY) is being implemented in the state with 100% Central Assistance during the period from 2008-09 to 2011-12 with an outlay of Rs.399.28 crores. Objective:-To achieve 9% growth rate in Animal Husbandry Sector during 11th five year plan. Implementing Districts: Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, Visakhapatnam East Godavari, West Godavari, Krishna Guntur, Prakasam, Nellore Chittoor, Kadapa, Kurnool, Anantapur Mahabubnagar, Rangareddy, Medak, Nizamabad, Adilabad, Karimnagar, Warangal, Khammam and Nalgonda. Details of the Components: 1. Induction of Milch Animals, Heifers and CB Heifers and providing feed on 50% subsidy. Subsidy (50%) for Milch Animals Supply The Unit Cost of high yielding milch animals (Cross bred Cow/ Murrah Buffaloe) ranges from 30,000/- to 35,000/- per animal (includes Cost of the animal, Transport and Insurance). Subsidy of Rs.15000/- for Milch Buffaloes and Rs.12500/- in case of Milch Cows will be 48

2. Rearing support for Female calves of inducted animals: It is proposed to enroll 8000 female calves of the inducted animals per year @ 500 in each of the district during the implementation period of three years. The female calf of the inducted animal will be provided with rearing support for a period of one year @ Rs.20/- per calf to meet the cost of feed, fodder and health care for a period of one year (total of Rs.7300/-) 3. Feed and fodder support for inducted milch animals: All the inducted milch animals will be provided with feed and fodder support @ Rs.25/- per day per animal for a provided of period of one year 4. Health Care of inducted animals: The Inducted animals will be provided with health care at free of cost for a period of one year for which an amount of Rs. 300/- is provided. 5. Breeding Services (Artificial Insemination and Oestrus Synchronization): A. Artificial Insemination Services will be provided to the breedable animals including inducted milch animals on free of cost. B. Oestrus Synchronization Programme is aimed at synchronization of heat in Cows and Buffaloes, which helps in augmenting milk production. This programme is taken up to cover the breedable animals on free of cost. Fodder Block Making Unit: Government of India have permitted for setting up of 100 Mini Feed Mixing Plants by conversion of 8 Fodder Block making units, in addition to establishing of 2 Fodder block making units. Establishment of Bulk Milk Cooling Units: Bulk Cooling Units (BCUs) will be established for holding the milk to facilitate milk procurement. For every 1000 to 12,000 liters of milk producing cluster of dairy units,

provided as Front end subsidy and the rest amount is arranged from Bank Loan. Feed supply (50% Subsidy) and health care to inducted animals: It is proposed to provide feed to the inducted animals on 50% subsidy. This programme will help the farmers for the maintenance of animals as well as for better milk production. This programme will inculcate the habit of feeding of concentrate feed there by farmer will get better milk yield and good returns also. Feed will be provided on 50% subsidy for a period of one year. The beneficiary has to bear the 50% cost of feed from the returns from the sale of milk. (maximum subsidy limit is Rs.5000/-) Calf rearing programme (50% subsidy): (By inducting female calves and providing Feed Subsidy) High productive Murrah Heifers and CB Heifer calves will be procured from the breed tract and supplied to the farmers for further rearing purpose. To get optimum growth rate, feed will be supplied on 50% subsidy till it gets calved. Murrah Heifers: The unit cost is Rs.25,000/- and the subsidy of Rs.12,500/(Subsidy towards Animal cost and Insurance is Rs.10,000 and Rs.2500/- for feed) will be provided as front end subsidy and the rest amount will be arranged from Bank Loan or beneficiary contribution. CB Heifers: The unit cost is Rs.20,000/and the subsidy of Rs.10,000/- (Subsidy towards Animal cost and Insurance is Rs.5,000 and Rs.5000/- for feed) will be provided as front end subsidy and the rest amount is arranged from Bank Loan or beneficiary contribution.

amount may be met from the bank loan or beneficiary contribution. 3. Perennial/seasonal fodder Production : It is proposed to establish perennial/ seasonal fodder production to provide continuous green fodder to the two milch animals. It is aimed to brought 0.25 acres of land under fodder production by each beneficiary by providing grant of Rs.1000/-. 4. Supply of chaff cutters on (50%) Subsidy: To minimize the wastage of dry and green fodder and utilization of even stem portion of the fodder by making in to small pieces by Chaff cutter, it is proposed to provide 240 dual purpose chaff cutters to IKP/Shepherds on 50% subsidy. 50% Subsidy will be provided as Front end subsidy and the rest amount is arranged from Bank Loan or contribution of IKP groups. 5. Backyard poultry units: It is proposed to popularize backyard poultry units to rural women folk especially in tribal areas. Under this scheme 6 to 8 week old straight run 10 chicks will be provided to rural women folk on 50 % subsidy. 50% Subsidy will be provided and the rest amount will be the beneficiary contribution. 6. Pavala Vaddi scheme for milch animal / Broiler (Poultry): Under this scheme Rs.12.75 Lakhs allocated to provide subsidy in the form of Pavala Vaddi to the beneficiaries/ SHG selected for milch animal / Broiler (Poultry) rearing. Livestock population, Animal Husbandry institutions, production estimates of milk, eggs and meat are given in Annexure 5.19, 5.20 and 5.21 respectively.

2.Calf Feed Subsidy (50 %) Programme : Under the programme, elite female calves born through A.I. will be selected and provided with feed on 50 % subsidy and health care to protect the elite germ plasm as well as to gain optimum growth rate to become good milk yielder. Unit cost is Rs.10,000. Subsidy of Rs.5,000/per calf will be provided and the rest of

*** FISHERIES
5.5 Fisheries in Andhra Pradesh has the potential to grow exponentially with greater opportunities arising due to increase in the water spread area by construction of irrigation projects under Jalayagnam which have also converted many seasonal tanks in to perennial tanks, suitable for fish culture. This 49

sector is revamped with growing importance given to the Fisheries sector, especially in the backdrop of employment to the fishermen. Efforts are afoot to strengthen the existing infrastructure. The department has set for itself the following objectives: To ensure sustainable development To promote welfare of fishermen. Promote investment to create infrastructure. To promote fisheries value chain and boost exports. Setup institutions to build and multiply skills. Andhra Pradesh, a leading state for fisheries sector in the country, ranks First in Brackish water shrimp production, First in Fresh water prawn production, Second in Fresh Water fish production, Fifth in Marine fish production. The state is now second in total production but the state has plans to attain first position by the end of the XI five year plan period. The state is contributing about 40% of the marine exports from India. The Fisheries sector is contributing 2.31% to the Gross State Domestic Product (2008-09). 1.Fish/ prawn production: Fish/Prawn production has increased from 10.56 lakh tonnes during 2007-08 to 12.52 lakh tonnes during 2008-09. The target is fixed as 14.00 lakh tonnes for 2009-10. The details of production are shown in Table 5.16 and given in Annexure 5.22.
Table - 5.16 Fish and Prawn Production (Lakh Tonnes)
Year Marine Fish/ Prawn Inland Fish/ Prawn Brackish Water shrimp Total Production

registered under APMFR Act have to be reregistered under Merchant Shipping (M.S) Act. 26 officers of the department have been appointed by Government of India as Registrars under the M.S Act. The processing of Physical data collection formats prescribed by Govt. of India is under progress. So far, 23240 / 25379 (91.6%) of data collection of online registration of Fishing Vessels is completed. For issuance of Bio-metric ID cards to all the 1,16,647 full time and part time fishermen, who are venturing into sea. Processing of physical data collection formats prescribed by Govt. of India for 90,810 fishermen is completed and remaining is under progress. Release of Assistance to Fishermen for Flood Losses: Government sanctioned an amount of Rs.596.00 lakhs under assistance to fishermen for loss / damages to boats and nets from the CRF / NCCF and the amount was released to 18,493 units in Kurnool, Mahabubnagar, Nalgonda, Guntur and Krishna districts. Registration of Coastal Aquaculture Farms: Doing Coastal aquaculture (shrimp culture) without obtaining license from Coastal Aquaculture Authority is an illegal activity as per the CAA Act 2005. Doing aquaculture without CAA license will attract penal provision of 3 year imprisonment and/or Rs1.00 lakh and is liable for demolition of the pond.. The EIC of India recently has issued a Notification in October,09 that exporters shall procure the fish / shrimp / scampi / fishery products from only registered farms only. Registration of Fresh water Aquaculture Farms Government have constituted a District Level Committee with District Collector as the Chairman for regularization of existing fresh water aquaculture and also for according permission for setting up of new aquaculture units in fresh water lands. Government have extended the time limit for regularization of existing fresh water aquaculture upto 31-012010. 50

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 (upto Nov.09)

2.18 2.41 2.54 2.91 1.48

6.31 6.62 7.55 9.35 5.15

0.42 0.38 0.47 0.26 0.24

8.91 9.41 10.56 12.52 6.88

Source: - Fisheries Department

Important Schemes / Programmes: Coastal Security for Marine Fishermen: Government of India have directed all the maritime states to take up Online Registration of marine fishing vessels and to issue Photo ID cards to sea going fishermen. As per the GOI order, fresh registration of all 25,704 seagoing Fishing vessels, which were already

Group Accident Insurance scheme: The premium under this Group Accident Insurance Scheme for fishermen is Rs.29/- per head which is shared equally by the Central and State Government. The ex-gratia payable is Rs.1,00,000/- in case of death/total permanent disability and Rs.50,000/- in case of partial disability. 4,02,742 active fishermen of the State have been covered under the scheme. In addition to the sum insured under the scheme, the GOAP will pay an amount of Rs.1.00 lakhs as exgratia to death cases. Construction of Houses to Fishermen: The unit cost under CSS is Rs.54,250/- per house and the scheme will be converged with the housing scheme under INDIRAMMA from 2009-10 onwards. An amount of Rs.20,000/- would be given as subsidy share of the GOI and the subsidy share from Govt. of A.P. would be Rs. 15,950/-. Relief-cum-Savings scheme: The marine fishermen have to save Rs.600/ @ Rs.75/- per month for 8 months. They will be given Rs.1,200/- as relief during fishing ban period by the GoI and GoAP on 50:50 basis. An amount of Rs.84.68 Lakhs was spent during 2008-09 and 14,115 fishermen covered under the scheme. Assistance to SC and ST Fishermen: For supply of fishing inputs on 50% subsidy to SCs individual fishermen, Rs.35.00 lakhs was released. For setting up of fish retail outlets Rs.25.00 lakhs was released. For stocking of fish seed in the reservoirs as 100% grant Rs.20.00 lakhs was released. For supply of fishing inputs on 50% subsidy to ST fishermen Rs.25.00 lakhs is released. Rs.10.50 lakhs are released for stocking in reservoirs as 100% grant. Government of India have released Rs. 138.00 lakhs under P.M.Special Package for Construction of Fish Ponds for the Tribal people of Khammam District during 2009-10 and works are under progress. NFDB Assistance for Fish seed stocking in tanks above 40 Ha. : The NFDB has requested to procure the fry and rear it in cages / pens / rearing ponds and stock fingerlings in reservoirs. During the year 2009-10, 81.51 lakhs of fry is under rearing

and fingerlings will be stocked in the reservoirs. Motorization of traditional crafts: Motorization of traditional crafts is helpful to marine fishermen to reach the fishing grounds early and to come back to the shore in time. 50% subsidy on the cost of out board/in board motor not exceeding Rs.30,000/ is being provided. During the year 2009-10, Rs 45.00 lakhs is provided as subsidy under this scheme. Construction of Community Halls for Marine and Inland fishermen: The unit cost for construction of Marine Community Halls is Rs.15.00 Lakhs. 2 Community Halls were completed and 16 are under progress. The unit cost for construction of Inland Community Halls is Rs.5.00 Lakhs. 27 Inland Community Halls were completed and 25 are under progress. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana: Project proposals of Fisheries sector with an outlay of Rs.7.00 crores for the year 2009-10 have been approved under RKVY. The construction of 100 ha. of fish ponds is taken up and 124.28 Ha is completed in West Godavari, Krishna and East Godavari Districts. Rs.2.43 crores has been sanctioned for this scheme to benefit 920 groups and the balance is being covered during 2009-10. The construction of Fish markets was taken up with a unit cost of Rs.10.00 lakhs per market in Municipalities and with a unit cost of Rs.5.00 lakhs per market in Gram Panchayats. Administrative sanctions have been accorded for the construction of 26 fish markets. In order to encourage the hygienic retail fish vending in urban centers, Mobile vending through Two and Three wheelers is introduced. 419 Two wheelers and 73 Three wheelers were distributed.

*** FORESTRY
5.6 Preserving an oxygen bearing and eco-friendly environment holds the key for sustained economic development and forests continue to play an effective role in changing a hostile carbon-dioxide laden environment in moderating the soil mantle, improving soil

51

fertility, arresting soil erosion and regulating flow of water in rivers and streams. Monetizing the tangible benefits that could accrue through these measures would prove awesome and would perhaps outweigh the direct benefits from the forests like timber, fuel-wood and other forest produce. The array of forestry programmes include raising of economic plantations and quick growing species, cleaning of large areas of mixed deciduous forests etc. Andhra Pradesh has 63,814 Sq.Kms of Forest area constituting 23.2 percent of the total geographical of the State. Out of this, Reserved forest area accounts for 50,478 Sq.kms, Protected forest forms 12,365 Sq.kms and the rest 971 Sq.kms are unclassified. Forestry programmes involves raising economic plantations and quick growing species, clearing of large areas of mixed deciduous forests of poor quality and plantation with Teak, Eucalyptus and Bamboo. Area planted with important species is shown in Table 5.17.
Table - 5.17 Area Planted with Important Species (Hectares) Area upto Area upto Area upto 2009-10 Species 2007-08 2008-09 (Sep.2009) Provisional Teak 112825 113015 113050 Eucalyptus 79560 80787 80979 Casurina 29847 30975 31225 Cashew 21371 21386 21501 Red Sander 2748 2748 2748 Sandal wood 2800 2800 2800 Bamboo 53843 54460 55283 Coffee 136 136 136 Kanuga 50813 57811 64088 Miscellaneou 339508 344742 344847 s Avenue Plantation 12882 13222 13252 K.Ms, Source: - Forest Department

Agricultural land were treated with various soil conservation measures like contour bunding, bench terracing, gully plugging, stabilization of river banks etc. During the year 2009 over 50,156 hectares of area have been afforested and 93,007 hectares of Agricultural land was treated with various soil conservation measures like contour bunding, bench terracing, gully plugging, stabilization of river banks etc. Forest resource surveys of industrial catchments were undertaken between 1965-75 and most of the important forest zones of the state have been covered under the schemes sponsored either by the Government of India or State. Commencing with 1971 season, the Abnus leaves trade in Andhra Pradesh was nationalized eliminating the Contractors agency. In April 2006, the Government have decided to distribute the net revenue to the beedi leaf collectors in proportion to the quantity of beedi leaf collected by them as per wage cards from 2006 beedi leaf season onwards. The gross production for the season upto November, 2009 was 4,35,969 S.B.S, gross revenue achieved Rs. 2,974 lakhs. Andhra Pradesh Forest Development Corporation: The Andhra Pradesh Forest Development Corporation was established on 16th June 1975, on the recommendations of the National Commission on Agriculture, with an objective to raise massive plantations to cater to the needs of wood based industries. Objectives Conserving and improving the quality of existing degraded forest and plantations. Adoption of watershed approach in raising of plantations. Use of best planting stock available from the latest gains in biotechnology, in order to increase the productivity of the land. Provide gainful employment to the rural poor and tribals all around the year. Capacity building through suitable training at all levels of staff. The following are the particulars of plantations raised by the APFDC till 31st October, 2009 are shown in Table 5.18. 52

The scheme for Soil conservation in River Valley Project was taken up in the Machkhand /Sileru basin in Visakhapatnam District and upto 1975 over 7,850 Hects of badly eroded area have been afforested and 43,120 Hects of

Table - 5.18 Area planted by APFDC Species Eucalyptus seed origin Eucalyptus (Clonal) Bamboo Cashew Coffee Teak Medicinal Plants Casurina, Pines and Other spices Total Source: - Forest Department (Hectares) Area 23363.13 32833.62 12168.17 11223.88 4010.18 857.37 524.80 501.90 85483.05

Coffee (Arabica) planting on commercial scale was also undertaken by the Forest Department in the agency forests of Visakhapatnam and East Godavari Districts in an area of about 4010 Hects., to improve the economic conditions of the tribals and wean them from the wasteful habit of shifting cultivation. There are three well developed Zoological parks at Hyderabad, Visakhapatnam and Tirupati and five National Parks, two at Hyderabad, one each in Ranga Reddy, Kadapa and Chittoor (Tirupati) districts and 14 deer parks and 22 wild life Sanctuaries in the State. A Sanctuary for Black Buck Mahaveera Harina Vanasthali was established in an area of about 1,000 Hects. near Hyderabad. The present area of the park is 1,459 Hect. The forest products in the state include Timber, Bamboo, Firewood and Charcoal, Other Forest Produce, Beedi Leaves and Miscellaneous. The details of value of forest produce in the State are given in Annexure 5.23. The income accrued from forestry sector in the State was Rs.87.19 Crores in 2008-09 and Rs.42.92 Crores in 2009-10 (upto September, 2009). There are eight major wood based industries in the State. But there is no supply of raw material from the Forest Department to the major wood based industries. Forests are looked as GREEN CAPITAL and they are no more valued as a raw material resources for the industries. The industrial requirements are met from different sources like imported pulp, agricultural wastage and the plantations raised by farmer with buy-back arrangements. The 53

net use, production capacity, type of raw material used and raw material assured to Forest Department in the state is given in Annexure 5.24. Under Social Forestry, 16.23 crores seedlings are made available for planting during 2009 rainy season. Block Plantations were raised in an extent of 27.11 Ha. out side the Reserve Forest area and Avenue Plantations were raised over a length of 32 Kms during the year 2009-10. A massive tree planting programme under NREGS has been planned. The programme to plant 1 lakh seedlings per assembly constituency every year in next 4 years is launched in 2009-10. The nursery raising for Avenue plantations in 3,441 Kms and community land plantations in 6,801 Ha. is initiated. A total of 492 lakhs of seedlings and 4,150 teak beds are being raised for planting in 2010 rainy season. Community Forestry Management The Concept of peoples participation envisages to protect and manage the forests with the active co-operation and support of local communities. The National Forest Policy strongly envisages peoples involvement in the development and protection of forest and the Government of India have provided impetus to peoples movement in forest. From a mere 133 Vana Samrakshana Samithis (VSS) during 1994-95, presently it has gone upto 8,499 VSS managing 23.94 lakh hectares of forest area in the State. Around 15.38 lakh people including 7.54 lakh women and 7.84 lakh SC/ST beneficiaries have treated about 6.66 lakh hectares of degraded forests through these VSS. All the identified forest fringe villages have been covered under CFM stream. The funds from various sources like World Bank aided Andhra Pradesh Forestry Project, Employment Assurance Scheme and other schemes, including Centrally Sponsored Schemes, are being utilized for implementation of this program. Wildlife Conservation Andhra Pradesh is endowed with rich Flora and Fauna 5000 plant species, 500 bird species, 100 species of mammals and more than 100 reptile species. Important endemic species of the state are Cycas beddomi, Red

sanders, Shorea talura, Jerdons courser, Golden gecko and Slender loris. The State Board for Wildlife and the Zoo Authority of Andhra Pradesh have been constituted for advising the Government on protection and conservation of wildlife in the State. Restoration in Kolleru Lake Eco-system For restoration of the Kolleru Lake, an Integrated Management Action Plan for Kolleru Sanctuary with an outlay of Rs.950.56 Crores for a period of 5 years has been prepared through an expert consultant, Wetland International South Asia, New Delhi and will be implemented after its approval. Proposals were submitted to GOI for sanction of Rs.220.00 lakhs for the year 2009-10. Sanction from GOI is awaited. The AP Legislative Assembly has unanimously resolved in September, 2008 to reduce the area of Kolleru Sanctuary from +5 contour to +3 contour in order to mitigate the problems of farmers. Proposals have also been submitted in this regard by the Government of Andhra Pradesh to the National Board of Wildlife and Central Empowered Committee, New Delhi requesting them to place these proposals before the National Board for Wildlife for approval. Government of India have in turn asked the Government of Andhra Pradesh to get these proposals cleared by the State Board. Accordingly, the proposals have been placed before the 3rd State Board for Wildlife meeting held on 11.9.2009. Due to multifarious issues involved, the Board decided to defer the issue to the next meeting. Peacocks conservation breeding programme The peacocks conservation breeding programme was taken up in 2007-08 in the three Zoos. So far 69 young peafowl artificially reared in the Zoos have been released in Nagarjunasagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve (39), Koundinya Wildlife Sanctuary (10) and Idupulapaya (20. The programme is being continued this year as well. Mitigation of Elephant menace in Northern coastal districts

The wild elephant problem in Vizianagaram, Srikakulam districts has been tackled by translocating two elephants and containing the rest of the herd in about 120 Sq.Kms of reserve forest in the two districts. Two kumkies are being retained at Visakhapatnam zoo to meet any case of emergency. Restoration of Mangroves forests A target area of 5600 ha. of degraded mangrove and blank areas in Godavari and Krishna river estuaries has been taken up for restoration of the mangroves under Tsunami Mitigation activity through the World Bank aided A.P. Community Forest Management Project. So far, mangrove plantations are raised in 3042 ha. Maintenance of these young plantations will be taken up during 2009-10. Community Based Eco-tourism The Tribal communities are involved in management of wildlife sanctuaries and forest areas, through the concept of Community Based Eco-tourism. The tribals and the protected area are mutually benefited in this way. 14 CBET projects are established in last three years under APCFM Project. Special measures for Tiger Conservation As per the provisions of Wildlife (P) Amendment Act, 2006 and instructions of National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) a Steering Committee has been constituted for the State to look into Tiger protection. The Andhra Pradesh Tiger Conservation Foundation (APTCF) which receives funds from various sources directly has also been established recently to take care of the development and conservation efforts focused on tiger in the State.

*** SERICULTURE
5.7 Sericulture is a sustainable farm-based enterprise favouring rural poor in Andhra Pradesh with low fixed capital and relatively higher returns on investment. Being a farmbased economic enterprise, Sericulture activity provides employment to 5 persons throughout the year yielding regular returns in 4 to 5 splits from one acre of mulberry. Another

54

important feature of Sericulture Industry is involvement of women around 60%of the work force in this activity. Andhra Pradesh is the second largest producer of Mulberry and tasar cocoons in the country, and Muga culture is in initial stage. Andhra Pradesh has the privilege of producing all 4 types of silk called Tasar, Eri, Muga besides mulberry being predominantly practiced in Tribal areas of the State. As vast tracts of forest based tasar food plantations are available in the State, judicious exploitation for rearing tasar silkworms can offer supplementary gainful employment for tribals. New Initiatives during 2009-10: Supply of Dhaincha seed to the BVH farmers for raising as inter crop followed by green manuring to increase soil fertility which helps in producing quality leaf for successful production of quality BV cocoons. Supply of farm mechanisation equipment such as Brush cutters on subsidised cost to 250 farmers to reduce the labour component for shoot harvesting of mulberry shoots to conduct silk worm rearing. 25% subsidy will be provided on the unit cost of Rs 25,000/to each farmer. Integration of Reeling Unit: The profit margin of the Charka reeling units will get doubled, if integrated by providing small Twisting units, and the entrepreneur will continue the charka activity meeting the requirement of weft silk yarn demand by the weavers in the State. It is proposed to implement the scheme on experimental basis with one unit in each district of Anantapur and Chittoor with 75% subsidy on the unit cost of Rs.1.80 lakhs amounting to Rs. 2.70 Lakhs. One more such Automatic Reeling Unit namely M/s Pragna Silks at Hindupur is under establishment in private sector. To encourage post cocoon activity and to bridge the gap between on farm and nonfarm Sectors to maximum extent, one Chinese Automatic Reeling Unit under Private Sector is established with an annual production capacity of 24 Metric Tonnes of Bivoltine Raw Silk at Janagaon of Warangal District with a unit cost of Rs.2.67 crores. 55

Out of this, Rs.1.00 crore subsidy was equally shared by GOI and GOAP. The unit is functioning well and has produced a quantity of 6.640 Metric Tonnes of Bivoltine Silk of International Standards upto September, 2009. Impact of initiatives announced during 2008-09: The cocoon arrivals have increased from 2,126 MTs to 2,183 MTs in the cocoon markets of AP with the introduction of incentives to the farmers. Hitherto most of the cocoons were purchased in A.P. by Karnataka Reelers and got converted into silk in Karnataka state. With the impact of Govt. initiatives, a quantity of 1,333 MTs of cocoons was consumed by the local reeling units in the State, out of the total quantity of 1,837 MTs transacted in the cocoon markets, which constitutes about 72.58% up to September, 2009. Apart from few more units of 10 and 20 basins Silk Reeling Units, one Automatic Reeling Unit is coming up in Hindupur of Anantapur District and the cocoon consumption within the State will increase further. The department is making all-out effort to promote the following new technologies at the field level for increasing the productivity. Plantation with high yielding varieties. Maintenance of exclusive chawkie gardens for Supply of Silkworm seed. Promotion of controlled irrigation system like DRIP Mass Disinfection Programme to reach all practicing Sericulturists. Separate pucca-rearing houses with shoot rearing for Cocoon production. Human Resource Development. Research and Development to evolve suitable silk worm races for the state requirements. Promotion of Multi-end silk reeling, twisting, processing units and looms. Schemes implemented: Mulberry sector: 1) Construction of rearing sheds under Catalytic Development Programme (CDP): To ensure hygienic conditions and to prevent contamination during silk worm rearing,

construction of a separate pucca silk worm rearing house is very essential. Therefore a scheme for construction of rearing shed is under implementation under CDP with a unit cost of Rs.1,50,000/- to each of Bivoltine farmer with a pattern assistance of 25:25:50 by Central Silk Board, State Government and Beneficiary contribution respectively. So far 13,753 rearing sheds were constructed of which 8,924 number of sheds were equipped with shoot feeding stands under the scheme. 2) Irrigation and other water conservation and usage techniques: Focus is made on conservation of available water resources to the extent of maximum utility. The scheme of Irrigation and other water conservation and usage techniques is being implemented under Catalytic Development Programme with a unit cost of Rs.50,000/- per hectare of which Rs.25,000/subsidy is provided by the Central Silk Board and Rs. 12,500/- subsidy is provided by the State and the balance Rs.12,500/- is the beneficiary contribution. An extent of 8,287 acres of mulberry has been covered with irrigation facility including drip, up to the end of September, 2009. 3) Supply of Saplings: Saplings of High Yielding Mulberry varieties are procured from Kissan Nurseries for supplying to New Farmers and Sericulturists who desire to replant their mulberry plantations with the improved varieties. This will increase productivity and quality of leaf which in turn leads to increase in the production of cocoons, at low/marginal cost. The pattern of assistance under the scheme is 50:25:25 i.e., CSB : State Govt. : Beneficiary contribution for raising of one acre with High Yield Variety Mulberry. The farmers will be provided @ Rs.4,175/- as subsidy against the unit cost of Rs.5,500/-, which is basic help to the farmers who come under the fold of mulberry. An extent of 15,776 acres of mulberry has been covered with saplings up to the end of September, 2009. 4) Rearing equipments: Farmers are encouraged to take up Bivoltine Sericulture by assisting them in the purchase of modern tools and equipments which make mulberry cultivation and rearing more 56

efficient and viable. The pattern of assistance under the scheme is 50:25:25 i.e., CSB: State Govt : Beneficiary contribution. Farmers will be assisted for procurement of shoot rearing equipment and supply of Plastic Trays and Mountages for conducting Bivoltine Silkworm Rearings. The farmer will be provided with a subsidy of Rs.30,000/- against the Unit cost of Rs.40,000/- which will encourage the farmer to take up Bivoltine Sericulture and harvest successful crops with the help of modern tools and equipment. A total number of 8924 farmers are provided with rearing equipments under the scheme up to the end of September, 2009. In addition to the above, the following schemes are also being implemented under Normal State Plan Supply of disinfectants worth of Rs.1,500/- per shed to the Sericulture farmers to increase productivity. Procurement of tassar cocoons for production of DFLS and supply to tribal tasar rearers. Supply of High yielding variety saplings with a subsidy of Rs 4,125/- per acre on the unit cost of Rs 5,500/ Subsidy of Rs 100/- to farmers for supply of 100 Bivoltine layings. Non-Mulberry Sector: Tasar culture: 3,000 tribal families are engaged in rearing of Tasar silk worms on the food plants available in the forest areas of Adilabad, Karimnagar, Warangal and Khammam Districts. 10.61 Lakh numbers of Tasar cocoons have been produced up to September, 2009 in the tribal areas covering 2,803 beneficiaries. During the year 2010-11, a quantity of 200 lakhs of tasar cocoons are proposed to be produced by tribal farmers. Ericulture: Andhra Pradesh is having larger extent of Castor and Tapioca plantations particularly in the districts of Mahabubnagar, Nalgonda, Rangareddy and East Godavari. The farmers can utilise 30% of the castor / Tapioca leaf for rearing of Eri silk worms with out any deterioration in the yield of castor seed and Tapioca tuber, to get additional income of Rs. 2,000 to Rs.4,000. The department in coordination with the Central Silk Board under

Catalytic Developmental programme is implementing an Eri project to create additional income to castor / Tapioca growers through rearing of Eri silkworms. During the year 2009-10 a quantity of 1.41 MTs of eri cocoons was produced by the farmers up to September 2009. Research and Development: Andhra Pradesh State Sericulture Research and Development Institute, Hindupur was established during the year 1995 with the main objective to evolve new races, capable of producing International grade cocoons/silk. A new project entitled Identification of DNA markers for baculovirus resistance in Silkworm was presented to DBT New Delhi for financial sanction. Six new hybrids developed by the institute have been submitted for National Silk Worm Race Authorisation. Bivoltine hybrids with disease resistance races are under field trials. In addition, certain eco-friendly user disinfectants such as Seri-Gold, Seri-Clean, Seri- Plus, Shakthi and Abhya etc are released to the fields, there by the production of cocoons increased from 5 Kgs to 10 Kgs by the farmer. The achievements under Sericulture are shown in the Table 5.19 and given in Annexure 5.25.
Table:5.19 Sericulture - Achievement during 2009-10 (up to Sept. 2009) Mulberry (New Area Acres) 2778 DFLs Production ( Lakh Nos.) 36.028 including BVHDFLs in Govt. and Pvt. Sectors. CB Cocoon Production (MTs) 6494.14 BV Cocoon Production (MTs) 204.45 Productivity (Kgs per 100 dfls) 55 Tasar cocoon Production (lakh Nos.) 10.61 Source: Sericulture Department

Commercial Crops Act, 1933. The salient features of the Act are: To regulate sale and purchase of Agricultural produce To declare notified areas and notified markets for regulation To constitute market committees for each notified area for regulation To provide license to all the persons intending to trade in the notified agricultural market area To levy and collect the market fee To construct and develop market yards for regulation To prohibit collection of all unauthorized charges in the sale and purchase of agricultural produce To arrange sale and purchase of agricultural produce in the market by open auction or tender system To collect and disseminate market information for the use of farmers and traders. There are 317 Agricultural Market Committees under which 891 market yards are notified in the State. Each Market Committee consists of 18 members viz., 11 members from growers, 3 from traders and the other four from the representatives of local bodies and Government Departments. The Committee is headed by a Chairman from grower members. The Government nominates all the members. Every Market Committee has a Secretary who is the executive authority of the Market Committee. Staff of the Market Committee are appointed by the Market Committee / Director of Marketing / Government as per AP (AP & LS) Markets Rules, 1969. The Market Committee is responsible for the effective implementation of the Markets Act and the AP (Agricultural and Livestock) Market Rules, 1969 and the Bye-laws of the Market Committee. Every Market Committee is a corporate body having perpetual succession. The Commissioner and Director of Agricultural Marketing is the authority at State level to supervise and control all the Market Committees for effective implementation of the Act, Rules and the Bye-laws and report to the Government about the working of the Market Committees. The 57

*** AGRICULTURAL MARKETING

5.8 Comprehensive market legislation came into force in 1966 covering the entire state called the Andhra Pradesh (Agricultural Produce and Livestock) Markets Act 1966, after integration of the Hyderabad Agricultural Produce and Livestock Markets Act, 1930 and the Madras

Market Committees levy and collect market fee at the rate of 1% advalerum on the sale and purchase of notified agricultural produce payable by the purchasers of the produce. The market fee is the only source of income for the Market Committee, which is self generating and is called Market Committee Fund deposited in a scheduled bank operated through treasury. The market fee is utilized mainly for the development of markets and creation of facilities to the users of the markets i.e., growers and traders and other functionaries and for other allied purposes specified by Government from time to time. The Market Committees shall remit 10% of the annual income to a separate fund called Central Market Fund (CMF). This fund is under the control and operation of the Commissioner and Director of Agricultural Marketing. The Central Market Fund is expended mainly to provide loans to Market Committees besides grant-in-aid to the financially weak Market Committees. The Government is empowered to spend the CMF by special or general order for any purpose for the development of agricultural marketing and its allied activities. Keeping in view of the objectives, the Department has envisaged a Farmers Charter for implementation. The charter provides: 1. Right of information regarding prices 2. Ensuring fair value for the produce 3. Ensuring accurate weighing 4. Freedom from unscrupulous traders and trade practices 5. Ensuring payment on the same day 6. Providing human and animal health care 7. Providing quality inputs. The department has installed computers at 319 Market Yards for regular inflow of information on prices. It has also installed Audio Video Display systems(AVDS) at 50 market yards so far. Prices of all major commodities are displayed through these video systems for the benefit of the farmers everyday. The department has also established Interactive Voice Response System (IVRS) through which anyone from anywhere can dial the dedicated telephone number and find out the prevailing prices of all major agricultural commodities at all major market yards. The 58

prices updated everyday. (IVRS No.23260100) Administrative measures have been taken for tracking the farmers at major market yards under Help the Farmer programme. Under this, the market yards have been divided into segments. Each segment has been entrusted to a responsible officer. This Officer shall, during the arrivals, take notice of every farmer, who comes with his produce into his segment. He will help the farmer to get a fair price, for accurate weighment and also make sure of prompt payment. This system has paid rich dividends in winning the goodwill of the farmer. Electronic Weighing machines have been introduced in important market yards for ensuring accurate weighment of the farmers produce. Market Rules have been amended for use of Electronic weighing machines only. Food Processing The Food Processing has been transferred to the Industries and Commerce Department in July 2009. Market Fee Collections The Market Committees have collected Rs.348 crores towards market fee during 2008-09 and Rs.184 crores during 2009-10 (upto Sep. 09) Rythu Bandhu Pathakam Under the Rythu Bandhu Pathakam, the department has spent more than Rs.20 crores during 2009-10 for providing pledge loan to the farmers to help them to avoid distress sale of their produce benefiting 4758 farmers. No interest is charged for first 3 months. There are no budgetary restrictions for sanction of loans under this scheme. Rythu Bazars The department has a network of 105 Rythu Bazars in the State. About 45,000 farmers are selling over 1.75 Lakh quintals of vegetables, on an average every week through these Rythu Bazars directly to the consumers. Mobile Rythu Bazars are operating in Hyderabad and Vijayawada cities for selling graded vegetables. This has proved to be a good success. A separate website has been created exclusively for Rythu Bazars for Arrivals and Prices information. http.//115.108.125.189/rbz

Farmer Awareness Programmes and Health Camps The department has earmarked 5% of Market Committee Income for farmer Awareness programmes. The department is also conducting free medical camps for farmers and their cattle every Quarter with the funds of Agricultural Market Committees, by spending Rs.20,000/- each quarter. The department has also undertaken modernization and development of market yards with the Government of India assistance as detailed below: 6-Markets i.e Suryapet, Miryalaguda, Devarakadara, Gadwal, Pargi and Mulugu, have been identified for Modernization under the scheme with an outlay of Rs.22.93 crores for 95 Works with 50% loan from the Bank and 25% contribution from AMCs and 25% backend subsidy.

Development of 45 Cotton markets under Technology Mission Cotton (TMC) with 60% grant from GOI and 40% AMC share with total financial outlay of Rs.90 crores is nearing completion. Strengthening of one Jute market under the scheme Mini Mission III of JTM-GOI involving an amount of Rs.1.00 crore with 60% grant from GOI and 40% AMC share is under progress. Action is being initiated to establish Terminal Markets at Hyderabad, Visakhapatnam and Tirupati to deal with perishable commodities (Fruits and vegetables) as per the Government of India revised Guidelines.

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6. INDUSTRIES
6.1 The Industrial sector has gained in strength, slowly yet surely in many ways over last decade or so. It has become possible due to proactive role of state viz., effective policy implementation including single window clearance and incentives, establishing world class infrastructure and most importantly, making available power at the cheapest industrial tariff, thereby releasing entrepreneurial energies in private as well as public sector. A positive mindset of the vast labour force across the industries has also played its silent role in this growth process. State is committed to provide world class facilities like ports, airports, expressways, quality power supply water supply etc. Government have taken up various initiatives to achieve the desired growth rates in the Industry Sector during the Eleventh Five Year Plan period. Department of Industries was established in 1960 with the objective of establishing Cottage and Small Scale Industries, Industrial Co-operatives and extending credit to artisans. Block-level training-cumproduction centres, Rural Artisan Complexes and Guilds were established for giving necessary training to the artisans in rural areas. The Department has transformed into a technical and promotional agency for providing necessary assistance and service for establishment of Industries. The Department has implemented several Self Employment Schemes promoted by State and Central Governments for educated unemployed youth. The Department has rendered its services to other Government agencies like DRDA, Youth Services, STEP societies, SC/ST/BC/Minorities/Womens finance corporation etc. by providing necessary technical guidance. Department of Industries is now entrusted with the task of attracting investments (domestic and foreign) by preparing suitable policies for various sectors of the Industry and explore the availability of resources, provide conducive industrial environment, increase in labour intensive industries and 60 improve the exports by providing market inputs to exporters. Department of Industries is concentrating on development of key sectors like Pharmaceuticals, Biotechnology, Food Processing and Agro based, Chemicals, Leather, Textiles, Precision components, Aero-space Engineering, Electronics and Semiconductors and Automobile and Autocomponents to accelerate the industrial growth in the State by creating sector specific industrial infrastructure such as Biotech Parks, Textile Parks, Leather Parks, Auto Parks, Fabcity and Hardware Parks. District Industries Centres: District Industries Centres were established in 1978 to serve as the nodal agency in the Districts to assist the entrepreneurs for establishment of the Industries. The District Industries Centres are entrusted with the responsibility of providing all approvals/ clearances needed for setting up an Industry under Single Window. The District Industries Centres are implementing agencies of MSMED Act and issue Entrepreneur Memorandum (EM) for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) besides maintaining effective liaison with various financial institutions in arranging required credit facilities. District Industries Centres maintains all the data pertaining to the Industrial development of the District. Single Window Act: Government have enacted Industrial Single Window Clearance Act in 2002 for speedy processing and issue of various approvals/ clearances/ permissions required for setting up of an Industrial undertaking and also to create an investment friendly environment in the State. Statutory time limits have been prescribed for various departments and concept of deemed approvals have been introduced under this Act. Since beginning of the Single Window Act, 70,302 clearances were issued under Single window in respect of 40,129 units (Micro, Small, Medium and Large units) with a proposed investment of Rs.2,32,958 crores

and an employment potential of 9,40,869 as on 30-09-2009. District Industries Centres (DIC) have been delegated the powers to process the proposals upto Rs.5.00 crores investment in Plant and Machinery in District Single Window Clearance Committee (DSWCC). Large Scale Industries: After introduction of Industrial Policy in August 1991, so far (upto 30.09.2009), Andhra Pradesh has received investment intentions (IEM) 6,689 proposals with an investment of Rs.4,37,925 crores to provide employment to 11,13,817 persons. Out of the above, 2,931 proposals have gone into production with an investment of Rs.54,786 crores providing employment to 4,37,344 persons. Status of implementation as on 30.09.2009 is shown in Table 6.1.
Table 6.1 Large Scale Industries Status Gone into
Production No. of Proposals Investment (Rs. crores) Employ ment

India (RBI) regional office at Hyderabad. Details are shown in Table 6.2.
Table 6.2

Foreign Direct Investment(FDI) Equity Year Amount (Rs. Crores) (Jan-Dec) 2005 723.28 2006 2,517.47 2007 3,184.66 2008 6,202.98 2009 3,550.56 (up to Sept.09) Total 16,178.95 Secretariat for Industrial Assistance (SIA), New Delhi stopped sending the FDI data to the state government since 2006. Above information is available in the website of Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP). Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises: Investment limits were enhanced with the enactment of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development (MSMED) Act 2006. Government of India have unveiled a policy best suited for the Micro, Small Enterprises with the objective to achieve 15% annual growth rate, increase employment generation, create congenial and hassle-free environment, help the SSI sector to acquire new technologies and skills, improve the export performance, promote linkage between the Large and Small Scale Sector and to promote an appropriate institutional mechanism to revive sick industries. 3,164 Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises are established providing employment to 66,270 persons, involving an investment of Rs.1776.00 crores during the year 2009-10(as on 30-9-09). The details of Large industrial proposals established and Medium, Micro and Small Industries established, investment and employment are given in Annexure 6.1. Prime Ministers Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP) The Government of India have introduced a new credit linked subsidy programme called Prime Ministers Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP) from September 61

2,931*

54,786

4,37,344

Under 530 85,703 1,28,560 implementa tion Initial 1,486 2,00,648 2,72,705 Stages Dropped 1,742 96,788 2,75,208 11,13,817 Total 6,689 4,37,925 Source: Industries Department * Many existing and proposed Medium and Large Scale Industries were converted as Small and Medium Enterprise based on the investment limits specified in MSMED Act.2006.

Mega Projects Projects with investment of more than Rs.100.00 crores are called Mega Projects. Since inception, as on 30-09-2009, 104 Mega Projects with an investment of Rs.44,768 crores have gone into production. 81 Mega projects with an investment of Rs. 76,106 crores are under active implementation and 177 Mega projects with an investment of Rs.1,83,611 crores are in initial stages of implementation. Foreign Direct Investment: The State has received Rs.16,178.95 crores of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows as equity from January 2005 to September, 2009 as per the statement of Reserve Bank of

2008, by merging the two schemes i.e., PMRY and REGP for generation of employment opportunities through establishment of micro enterprises in rural as well as urban areas. The PMEGP is a Central sector scheme implemented by Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises and will be implemented by KVIC, a statutory body created by the Khadi and Village Industries Act, 1956 which will be the single National Level implementation agency for PMEGP. It will directly execute the programme in rural areas as defined in the KVIC Act in association with KVIBs. The scheme will be executed in other rural areas as well as urban areas by the State Governments through Commissioner of Industries and Districts Industries Centers. The subsidy will be placed at the disposal of participating banks by the KVIC in respect of targets that will be allocated to DICs. The Scheme envisages 15% reservation for SCs, 7.5% for STs, 27% for OBCs, 5% for Minorities, 1% for Ex-Servicemen, 3% for Physically Handicapped, 30% for Women (overall). Objectives of the Scheme: i. To generate employment opportunities in rural areas and urban areas through Self employment ventures. ii. To bring together widely dispersed traditional Artisans, Rural and Urban unemployed youth and give them Self employment opportunities to the extent possible, at their place. iii. To provide continuous and sustainable employment to a large segment of traditional and prospective artisans and Rural and Urban unemployed youth in the Country so as to help arrest migration of youth from Rural to Urban Areas. iv. To increase the Wage earning capacity of Artisans and contribute to increase in the growth rate of Rural and Urban employment. Guidelines for implementation of the Scheme: i. Any individual above 18 years of age are eligible to take up Business / Service / Industry ventures without Income Ceiling.

ii. For setting up of project costing above Rs.10.00 lakh in manufacturing (Industry) sector and above Rs.5.00 lakh in the Business / Service sector, the beneficiaries should possess at least VIII standard pass educational qualification. iii. The maximum cost of the project /unit admissible under manufacturing (Industry) is Rs.25.00 lakhs, Rs.10.00 lakhs under Business/Service sector. iv. Self Help Groups (including those belonging to BPL provided that they have not availed benefits under any other scheme) are also eligible for assistance under PMEGP. v. Assistance under the Scheme is available only for new projects sanctioned specifically under the PMEGP. vi. Beneficiarys contribution is 10% of project cost for general categories and 5% for Special Categories (including SC/ST/ OBC/Minorities/Women, Ex-servicemen, Physically handicapped, NER, Hill and Border areas etc.) vii. Margin Money (rate of subsidy) for general categories will be 15% in urban, 25% in rural areas. For special categories 25% in urban and 35% in rural areas which will be a one time assistance. viii. Normal rate of interest shall be charged. Repayment schedule may range between 3 to 7 years. ix. No Collateral security will be insisted upon by Banks in line with guidelines of RBI for projects involving loan up to Rs. 5.00 lakhs in respect of projects cleared by the Task Force. District wise progress of PMEGP for the year 2009-10 is given in Annexure 6.2. Rehabilitation of sick SSI units: Government have introduced a Scheme called A.P. Small Scale Industries Revival Scheme (APSSIRS) to address the problem of sickness in SSI sector. Under APSSIRS, the Special Cell has convened 22 meetings and sanctioned 58 relief and concessions. Subsequently, State Government issued a new revised scheme i.e., A.P. Small Scale Sick Industries Revival and Rehabilitation Scheme-2006 (APSSSIRRS) for revival of sick enterprises to cover rehabilitation of 62

potentially viable enterprises and to prevent incipient sickness. Government also decided to set up "A.P. Small Scale Sick Industries Revival and Rehabilitation Fund" for the purpose of partially compensating the sacrifices made by the Financing Institutions, Banks etc. The following relief and concessions are being made available: i). Relaxation from ULC Act: Grant of permission to mortgage surplus land by exempting under section 20 of the Urban Land Ceiling (ULC) Act in favour of banks / financial institutions, as proposed in the Industrial Investment Promotion Policy, 2005-10. ii) Healthy Industrial Relation: The Labour department would take proactive action for amicable settlement of disputes between management and representatives of labour so as to ensure success of the rehabilitation package with the cooperation of the workers. iii) Interest rebate to Banks/Financial Institutions: The backbone of the new revised policy is to encourage the Banks/Financial institutions for servicing the sick units and provide a rehabilitation package for their quick revival to join the main stream. 6% interest subsidy will be provided to all identified/eligible sick units, subject to maximum of Rs.2.00 lakhs per year for a maximum period of three years. However, the component of the interest to be reimbursed shall be projected by the financing bank to the State Level Committee after following the guidelines. Once the State Level Committee accepts the proposal, the Commissioner of Industries shall draw the eligible interest subsidy on annual basis and reimburse to the financing bank. iv) Deferment of Commercial Tax (CT) Arrears: Arrears of payment of purchase tax, sales tax and interest towards non-payment of sales tax shall be deferred for 3 years from the date of grant of revival package. The amount so deferred will be recovered in six equal halfyearly installments effective after three years tax holiday. 63

v) Relief in Energy Charges: a)If the sick industrial unit under consideration has to pay arrears of Current Consumption (CC) charges, it may be given choice either to pay the entire arrears of CC Charges up to date of disconnection with interest and 4 months minimum charges during closure period without interest + Contracted maximum demand (CMD) charges in one lump sum for new connection, the percentage of interest charged by APTRANSCO/DISCOM on the arrears of CC charges will be subsidized to the extent of 15% of interest charged from out of the percentage of the total interest charges and the same will be paid to APTRANSCO subject to a maximum of Rs.5.00 lakhs and the balance percentage of interest charges shall be borne by the beneficiary (which includes surcharge and penal interest etc.) b)If the Industrial unit under consideration opts for payment of arrears of CC charges up to the date of disconnection with interest and 4 months minimum charges during closure period without interest + CMD charges in 3 annual installments then it will be permitted to pay by 1/3 of the dues each year, with reimbursement of 15% of the interest charged from out of the percentage of the total interest charged to APTRANSCO by Government, subject to a maximum of Rs.3.00 Lakhs per year for a period of three years, and the balance percentage of interest charges shall be borne by the beneficiary (which includes surcharge and penal interest etc). Industrial Incentives: Industrial Investment Promotion Policy 2005-10: Government of Andhra Pradesh have announced Industrial Investment Promotion Policy 2005-10, in the year 2005 extending various incentives for the SSI & Tiny Sector and Large & Medium Scale Industries other than located in the Municipal Corporation areas of Hyderabad, Vijayawada and Visakhapatnam. The objective of the policy is to provide quality infrastructure at the doorstep of the industry, facilitate the industries meet the global quality standards and to support the industries for acquiring the

latest methods and technological advancements taking place all over the world. Projects involving substantial expansion / diversification of existing industries in the eligible lines of activities are also entitled for benefits offered under the policy. Following are the incentives: 1.0 SSI/Tiny units: 1.1 15% investment subsidy on fixed capital investment will be given subject to a maximum of Rs.15.00lakhs. 1.2 100% reimbursement of Stamp duty and transfer duty paid by the industry on purchase of land meant for industrial use. 1.3 100% reimbursement of Stamp duty for Lease of Land/Shed/ Buildings. 1.4 100% reimbursement of Stamp duty and transfer duty paid by the industry on financial deeds and mortgages etc. 1.5 25% rebate on land cost limited to Rs.5.00 lakhs in Industrial Estates/Industrial Development Areas developed by APIIC. 1.6 Power cost will be reimbursed @ Rs.0.75 per unit during the first year of the policy and thereafter for the remaining four years, the rate of reimbursement would be so regulated on yearly basis, keeping in view of the changes in the tariff structures to ensure that power cost to the industry is pegged down to the first years level policy throughout availment period of the benefit. Benefit will be available for 5 years from the date of commencement of Commercial production. 1.7 25% of the Value added tax paid during one financial year will be ploughed back as a grant by the Government towards the payment of tax during next year. Benefit will be available for 5 years from the date of commencement of production i.e., upto 6th year. 1.8 3% interest subsidy on Prime Lending Rate (PLR) will be given on the term loan taken by new Tiny/SSI industrial units subject to a maximum of Rs.5.00 lakh per year for a period of 5 years. 1.9 8% subsidy on capital equipment for technology upgradation. 64

1.10 50% subsidy limited to Rs.1.00 lakh on the expenses incurred for quality certification 1.11 25% subsidy on specific cleaner production measures limited to Rs.5.00 Lakhs. 1.12 50% subsidy limited to Rs.5.00 lakhs on the expenses incurred for patent registration 2.0 Units other than SSI/Tiny units (Large and Medium Scale Industries) 2.1 100% reimbursement of Stamp duty and transfer duty paid by the industry on purchase of land meant for industrial use. 2.2 100% reimbursement of Stamp duty for Lease of Land/Shed/ Buildings. 2.3 100% reimbursement of Stamp duty and Transfer duty paid by the industry on financial deeds and mortgages etc. 2.4 25% rebate on land cost limited to Rs.5.00 lakhs in Industrial Estates/Industrial Development Areas developed by APIIC. 2.5 Power cost will be reimbursed @ Rs.1.00 per unit during the first year of the policy and thereafter for the remaining four years the rate of reimbursement would be so regulated on yearly basis, keeping in view of the changes in the tariff structures to ensure that power cost to the industry is pegged down to the first years level policy throughout availment period of the benefit. Benefit will be available for 5 years from the date of commencement of Commercial production. 2.6 25% of the value added tax paid during one financial year will be ploughed back to the units as a grant by the Government towards the payment of tax during next year. Benefit will be available for 5 years from the date of commencement of production i.e. upto 6th year. 2.7 Infrastructure like roads, power and water will be provided at door step of the industry for stand alone units by contributing 50% of the cost of infrastructure from Industrial Infrastructure Development Fund with a ceiling of Rs.1.00 crore subject to (a) the location should be beyond 10 kms from

5.2

2.8

50% subsidy on the expenses incurred for quality certification limited to Rs.1.00 Lakh. 2.9 25% subsidy on cleaner production measures limited to Rs.5.00 Lakhs. 2.10 50% subsidy on the expenses incurred for patent registration limited to Rs.5.00 Lakhs. 3.0 Mega Projects 3.1 Mega projects i.e. projects with an investment of Rs.100 crores and above are eligible for all the incentives available for Large and Medium Scale Industries. 3.2 Further, the Government will also extend tailor-made benefits to suit to particular investment requirements on case- to- case basis. 4.0 Special Incentives to Women Entrepreneurs: 4.1 5% Additional Investment subsidy on fixed capital investment limited to Rs.5 Lakhs to Micro and Small Enterprises. 4.2 5% of project cost will be provided as seed capital assistance to Micro and Small Enterprises as a grant for industries, which were sanctioned seed capital assistance by Prime Lending Institutions under National Equity Fund Scheme limited to Rs.5.00 Lakhs. 4.3 A 5% interest subsidy on Prime Lending Rate (PLR) will be given on the term loan taken by new Micro and Small Enterprises subject to a maximum of Rs.5.00 lakh per year for a period of 5 years. 5.0 Special Incentives to SC/ST Entrepreneurs: 5.1 35% subsidy on fixed capital investment, Additional 5% subsidy for SC/ST Women and additional 5% Investment Subsidy for the units set up in the scheduled areas by ST entrepreneurs and ST Women entrepreneurs. Maximum limit per unit is Rs.50.00 lakhs.

100% reimbursement of Stamp duty and transfer duty on purchase of land meant for industrial use. 5.3 100% reimbursement of Stamp duty for Lease of Land/Shed/ Buildings. 5.4 100% reimbursement of Stamp duty and transfer duty on financial deeds and mortgages etc. 5.5 33.33 % rebate on land cost in IEs/IDAs limited to Rs. 5.00 Lakhs 5.6 40% investment subsidy for the units set up in Scheduled areas by ST entrepreneurs or ST women entrepreneurs with a maximum limit per unit is Rs.50.00 Lakhs. 5.7 Power cost will be reimbursed @ Rs.1.00 per unit for 5 years to all those units which commence commercial production on or before 31-3-2010. 5.8 50% of the VAT / CST Reimbursement for 5 (five) years to all those units which commence commercial production on or before 31-3-2010. 5.9 5% Interest subsidy on Prime Lending Rate (PLR) on the term loan and working capital taken by the Micro and Small Enterprises subject to a maximum of Rs. 5.00 Lakhs per year for a period of 5 years. 5.10 5% of project cost will be provided as seed capital assistance to New MSEs as a grant under National Equity Fund Scheme limited to Rs.5.00 Lakhs. 5.11 For Micro and Small Enterprises Infrastructure like roads, power and water will be provided at door step for stand alone units by contributing 50% of the cost of infrastructure from IIDF with a ceiling of Rs.1.00 Crore. 5.12 50% of the cost of infrastructure is raised to 75% in respect of units set up by ST entrepreneurs in Scheduled areas. 5.13 8% subsidy on capital equipment for technology upgradation limited to Rs.50.00 lakhs (for MSEs) 5.14 50% subsidy on the expenses incurred for quality certification limited to Rs. 1.00 Lakh. 5.15 25% subsidy on cleaner production measures limited to Rs.5.00 Lakhs

65

5.16 50% subsidy on the expenses incurred for patent registration limited to Rs. 5.00 Lakhs. Pavala Vaddi Scheme: Government have introduced a new Interest Subsidy Scheme of Pavala Vaddi to reduce the financial burden for setting up of New Micro and Small Enterprises including Food Processing Industries in the State. The Scheme shall be applicable to the Term Loan availed on Fixed Capital Investment by the eligible new Micro and Small Enterprises on or after 1-4-2008. The new Micro and Small Enterprises shall commence commercial production after 1-4-2008 and before 31-32010. The new Micro and Small enterprises under IIPP-2005-10, availing term loan from scheduled commercial Banks recognized by Reserved Bank of India, APSFC and SIDBI only are eligible under this scheme. i. The reimbursable interest on term loan is that portion which is in excess of 3% per annum, subject to a maximum reimbursement of 9% per annum. ii. The interest amount paid by the new eligible Micro and Small enterprises to the Financial Institutions/ Banks on the term loan availed will be reimbursed with a maximum limit of 9% on half yearly basis through the concerned Financial Institutions/ Banks. Benefit will be available for a period of 5 years from the date of commencement of commercial production i.e., upto 1st half of 6th year or till the closure of the term loan account, whichever is earlier. iii. This reimbursement to the unit shall not include penal interest, liquidated damages etc. paid to the Financial Institutions / Banks. iv. The benefit shall be extended only to the eligible new units which are promptly and regularly repaying the loan installments of principal and interest. v. The loan accounts that are classified as over due in the books of the bank at the time of half yearly closing and that which are classified as Non-performing assets at year-end closing are ineligible. However, if they resume on-time repayments and

regularize the arrears, they are eligible for the incentive in the next half yearly period. vi. The benefit shall be extended only to eligible new Micro and Small enterprises set up in the State except in the Municipal Corporation limits of Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada and Hyderabad. However, units under expansion/ diversification are not eligible for this benefit. vii. The classification of enterprises as Micro and Small enterprises shall be as per the MSMED Act, 2006. viii. All the definitions and other guidelines not mentioned in the G.O. shall be followed as per the operational guidelines of IIPP2005-10 Scheme. Food Processing Policy of AP: The objective of the policy is to develop value added Agro Industries in Andhra Pradesh as a major vehicle of growth for its trade and economy, to generate large scale employment in the rural areas and provide high returns to farmers, to maximize use of the opportunities and potential in agriculture and related sectors, in which Andhra Pradesh has significant strength, by creating vital linkages and synergies between Agriculture and Industry. Government have announced various incentives under Food Processing Policy of A.P. including reimbursement of Power @ Rs.1/- per unit exclusively to the Food Processing units. Bio-technology Park: Government of Andhra Pradesh intends to provide high quality infrastructure at a reasonable cost with integrated services to Biotech manufacturing units by setting up a series of Biotech parks throughout the State. Shapoorji Pallonji Biotech Park is such park set up at Turkapalli (Village), Shamirpet (Mandal), Ranga Reddy District in an area of 300 acres with a private promoter. To cater to the needs of increasing demand for space, an additional space of about 1.2 million sq.ft. is being developed in Phase-II of the park. There are 15 units in Phase-I and 15 units in Phase-II. This apart, APIIC has taken up development of Biotech Park at Karakapatla (V), Mulugu (M) of Medak District in an area of 609 acres, which is adjacent to PhaseI of SP Biotech Park in Toopran (V). Out of 66

the above 609 acres of land, an exclusive extent of 100 acres is earmarked and developed as Biotech Special Economic Zone (SEZ). Government have constituted an Advisory Committee for Biotechnology Park, which will advise the Government on the infrastructure to be created, types of units to be allotted site in the Park etc. Industrial Infrastructure Development Fund (IIDF): Government have introduced a new scheme called Industrial Infrastructure Development Fund (IIDF) for providing financial assistance to infrastructure facilities at the doorstep of the proposed industrial estates / unit: a. Drinking Water and Industrial Water b. Electricity c. Telecommunications d. Drainage, Laying of drainage line from the Unit/Industrial Estate to the existing point or to the natural drainage point. e. Roads. f. Any other infrastructure facilities as approved by the Government; SLC. g. Common Effluent Treatment plants. Industries which are declared as ineligible industries under the Industrial Policies announced time to time are not eligible for financial assistance from Industrial infrastructure Development Fund. Government Estates shall only be considered to have the benefits of the IIDF. Industries proposed to be located in place other than industrial areas (isolated areas) are eligible for financial assistance towards the cost of infrastructure facilities up to 50% of the cost of the project or Rs. 100.00 lakhs which ever is less, if such a location is otherwise justified. The decision of the SLC shall be final on such eligibility. The cost of Infrastructure to be developed should not exceed more than 15% of the total project cost of the unit. Further, in respect of the IALA Societies, which are unable to contribute 30% requirement for undertaking works under CIBF scheme, a part or whole of the 30% can be met by Government from IIDF on a case to case selective basis depending on the occupancy, general 67

performance, future prospects and any other specific reasons. Further, these guidelines shall not apply for projects undertaken by APIIC, TRANSCO, Metro Water Supply Board and A.P Pollution Control Board. Growth Centres: Government of India with a view to act as magnets for attracting industries in backward districts, have approved Growth Centres to provide best infrastructure facilities available in the country in respect of power, water, telecommunication. The cost of each Growth Centre is Rs.30 crores. The financing pattern of the Growth Centre is in the ratio of 2:1. The Government of India have sanctioned 4 Growth Centres to the State which are being set up at Bobbili in Vizianagaram District, Ongole in Prakasam District, Hindupur in Ananthapur District and Jadcherla in Mahabubnagar District. The APIIC Ltd. is the implementing agency for the establishment of Growth Centres. Critical Infrastructure Balancing Scheme (CIBS): Government have introduced a new scheme called CIBS under which funds will be made available to the Industrial Associations /Service Societies/ NGOs for the upgradation of the infrastructural facilities such as water supply, power, laying of roads, Effluent Treatment Plants, etc. in the existing IEs/ SSI clusters identified under the SSI cluster development programmes. The funds will be provided/reimbursed in the ratio of 1:1 between Government and IAs/Service Societies/NGOs. In some cases, where number of sick and closed units and vacant plots are more than 50%, APIIC will share 20% of the estimated cost and the service societies have to contribute only 30% of the project cost. Integrated Infrastructural Development Centres (IIDC): Integrated Infrastructural Development Centre (IIDC) is to facilitate to setting up of industries in rural/backward areas and to provide stronger linkages between Agriculture and Industry. The cost of the Centre will be financed by the Central Government by way of grant and the balance as loan from SIDBI.

Government of India have sanctioned 6 IIDC centres in the State which will be developed by the APIIC Ltd. 1) IIDC, Udumulapur, near Nandyal 2) IIDC, Tada, Nellore District. 3) IIDC, Keelapattu (V) Nagari, Chittoor District. 4) IIDC, Madikonda, Warangal District. 5) IIDC, Gajularamaram, RR Dist. 6) IIDC, Surampally, Vijayawada The status of implementation of above centres is as follows: IIDC, Udumulapur: The approved cost of the IID Centre is Rs.235.99 lakhs. The cost of the Centre will be financed by way of Rs.2.00 crores grant by Central Government and the balance as loan from SIDBI. The Government of India have so far released an amount of Rs.65.50 lakhs as grant and the APIIC Ltd., has incurred an amount of Rs.175.08 lakhs towards development of the Centre. The APIIC Ltd. have acquired an extent of land measuring 68.55 acres situated at Nandyal (M) Kurnool Dist. for the development of centre. 92 plots are developed, 14 plots allotted and 5 units are already set up. IIDC, Tada: Government of India have approved IIDC, Tada, Nellore District with a total cost of Rs.404.69 lakhs. Govt. of India have so far released Rs.94.00 lakhs as grantin-aid towards the development of the centre. APIIC Ltd. is developing the IIDC in an area of 110.86 acres. The APIIC Ltd had incurred an amount of Rs.193.33 lakhs. 181 plots are developed and so far, 5 units were established covering 65 Nos of plots. IIDC, Keelapattu: Government of India have approved IIDC Keelapattu, Chittoor District with a project cost of Rs.499.10 lakhs and APIIC as the implementing agency. The development work is yet to be started by the APIIC Ltd. IIDC,Madikonda: Government of India have approved IIDC, Madikonda, Warangal District at a total cost of Rs.452.23 lakhs and the APIIC Ltd., as the implementing Agency. The development work is yet to be started by the APIIC Ltd. IIDC, Surampally (V), Vijayawada: Government of India have approved the

setting up of IIDC at Surampally Village at an estimated cost of Rs.370.00 lakhs which will be implemented by Association of Lady Entrepreneurs of Andhra Pradesh (ALEAP). The Government of India so far released an amount of Rs. 52.33 lakhs as a grant to the ALEAP towards establishment of IIDC. The ALEAP is developing IIDC in an area of 29 acres which is under implementation. IIDC, Gajularamaram: Government of India have approved for setting up of IIDC at Gajularamaram,R.R.District at an estimated cost of Rs.347.00 lakhs and also released an amount of Rs.1.40 crores as a grant to ALEAP for setting up of IIDC, at Gajularamaram. The ALEAP is the implementing agency and it has developed the IIDC in an area of 30 acres and developed 136 plots and allotted all the plots to the women entrepreneurs. 64 units are already set up.

***
INDUSTRIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Special Economic Zones(SEZ): 6.2 Government of India have given approval to 103 SEZs in Andhra Pradesh. Out of this, 73 SEZs are notified in the gazette of Government of India. Of the 73 notified, 40 SEZs have already become operational creating 54,776 jobs with 35,269 direct employment and 19,507 indirect employment achieved. Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation (APIIC) is a Nodal Agency for development of SEZs on behalf of Government of Andhra Pradesh. APSEZ, a Multi-Product SEZ at Visakhapatnam is being developed in an extent of Acs.5,448 at Atchutapuram and Rambilli Mandals of Visakhapatnam. This SEZ was notified by Government of India in April, 2007. All the external infrastructure like four-laning of existing single lane of Atchutapuram, Pudimadaka Road, water supply to the periphery and Power Supply were already provided. The special Logistic Corridor connecting SEZ to dedicated Port of Gangavaram Port is under formulation. APIIC is developing the Multipurpose SEZ at Naidupet (PS Nellore District) and 68

Aerospace and Precision Engineering SEZ at Adibatla, R.R. District. APIIC is also developing IT & ITESs, SEZs in tier-2 cities at Visakhapatnam, Kakinada, Vijayawada, Tirupati, Kadapa, Warangal District. A major IT cluster in 165 acres at Madhapur, Hi-Tech City was developed by A.P. Industrial Infrastructure Corporation Limited (APIIC) and L & T Limited. K.Raheja I T Park was developed by K.Raheja and APIIC in an extent of 110 Acres. So far, about 20 lakhs sq. feet was constructed in Cyber Towers, Cyber Gateway and Cyber Pearl. Hi-Tech city has provided employment to about 60,000 people. K.Raheja I.T. park was constructed in around 7 million sq.ft and provides employment to 40,000 people. Hardware Park: Hardware Park developed in an extent of 1109 acres at Ravirayal (V), Maheshwaram (M), has provided employment to 20,263 people. FAB City: Another major project being developed by APIIC is FAB City at Srinagar and Ravirayal (V), in an extent of 1,173 acres. This is the first such initiative to develop Semi Conductor Industry in India. APPCPIR: Government of India have accorded approval in March, 2009 for development of Petroleum Chemical and Petrochemical Investment Region (AP PCPIR) in Visakhapatnam Kakinada Region in an extent of 603.58 Sq.Km. A Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) was signed between Government of India and Government of Andhra Pradesh on 01-10-2009. Government of Andhra Pradesh has constituted a Special Development Authority as Visakahpatnam Kakinada Petroleum, Chemical and Petrochemical Investment Region Special Development Authority (VKPCPIRSDA) for planned growth of the area by making master plan, providing civil amenities etc, in the SDA area. AP Gas Infrastructure Corporation: Krishna-Godavari Basin, located on the eastern coast of Andhra Pradesh, is one of the 69

most promising areas for exploration and production of oil and natural gas. It is projected to be one of the largest Oil/ Gas fields in the world. Although the development for the exploration commenced over a decade ago, the State government did not participate in the activity so far. The need was strongly felt for State Governments participation in the Upstream (exploration and production), Midstream (Service sector), Downstream (Distribution) activities of petroleum and natural gas sector playing the role of the facilitator which will help in optimizing the utilization of the Gas in the State, thereby ensuring Industrial Growth, and employment generation. Keeping this in view, a decision was taken to form a Special Purpose Vehicle with APIIC and APGENCO holding the equity in the ratio of 51:49 respectively. A decision was taken for creation of an exclusive entity viz., Andhra Pradesh Gas Infrastructure Corporation (APGIC) and the same was incorporated under the Companies Act 1956. It was decided that APGIC would join ONGC led consortium considering their extensive presence in the K.G basin area and past experience in the field. It is pertinent to note that ONGC is the largest public sector undertaking in India and the most experienced player in the oil and gas exploration business. Thereby, APGIC will play a facilitator role and thus restricted its participation to 10%. APGIC as a consortium member of ONGC, has participated in the bidding of all the 5 blocks (1- deep water block, 4-Shallow Water block) and won 4-blocks ( ie 1- deep water block, 3-Shallow Water block). The consortium includes ONGC, BRITISH GAS (INDIA), NTPC and OIL INDIA Ltd. It has been indicated that the total commitment for the initial 4 years which covers Geo-Technical studies will be around US $ 265 million for the 3-Shallow blocks. The share of APGIC will be around US $ 26.5 millions. The probable expenditure for Deep Water block comes to US $ 14 millions. Therefore total probable expenditure for APGIC for initial GeoTechnical studies comes to Rs.200.00 crores

for all the 4blocks that were won in NELPVIII. The Production Sharing Contract (PSC) with Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas is expected to be signed shortly by ONGC and its consortium partners. To maximize utilization of Gas in AP. for Industrial use, it is being explored to identify both national and international companies for laying extensive pipe line network within the state connecting domestic, commercial and Industrial users of Gas. *** Index of Industrial Production (IIP): The Index of Industrial Production is a yardstick of measuring the Industrial growth in the State. It indicates the relative change of physical production in the field of industry during specific period as compared to the previous period. The Index of Industrial Production is estimated on monthly basis by collecting data from the selected units of Manufacturing, Mining and Quarrying and Electricity. The main objective is to estimate the contribution of three major sectors of Industrial Sector to the Gross State Domestic Product. In the State, the Index of Industrial Production is being compiled with Base Year 1993-94 for 17 industrial classifications at two-digit level under manufacturing sector. The estimates of Index of industrial production for the period April, 2009 to October,2009 (provisional) for Andhra Pradesh have been compiled. The General Index for April, 2009 to October, 2009 shows a growth of 3.9% over the same period of previous year. The growth at all India level for the period April, 2009 to October, 2009 is 7.1%. The growth in the Mining and Quarrying Sector has registered a growth of 1.1%for the period April, 2009 to October, 2009 over the corresponding period in previous year. Where as, the growth in the manufacturing and electricity sectors are 3.0% and 12.6% respectively. The growth in the Mining and Quarrying, manufacturing and electricity sectors for all India are 7.9%, 7.1% and 6.5% for the period April, 2009 to October, 2009 as compared to the corresponding period of previous year. The

indices of industrial production under Mining and Quarrying, Manufacturing and Electricity sectors and General Index from 2004-05 to 2008-09 and 2009-10 (AprilOctober) are given in Annexure 6.3. Use-based groups are integral part of the Index of Industrial Production, divided into four major groups i.e., Basic Goods, Capital Goods, Intermediate Goods and Consumer Goods. Basic Goods, Capital Goods, Intermediate Goods and Consumer Goods have registered growth of 5.2%, 8.9%, 1.2% and 1.4% respectively in the period April, 2009 to October, 2009 (provisional) as compared to the corresponding period of previous period. Consumer Durables and Consumer Non-Durables have registered a growth of 9.4% and 1.2% (provisional) respectively as compared to the corresponding period of previous year.

Annual Survey of Industries

The Annual Survey of Industries is the principal source of Industrial Statistics in the State. It is conducted once in a year to collect the data from the Organised Manufacturing units registered under Section 2m(i) & 2m(ii) of the factories Act 1948. It refers to the factories employing 10 or more workers and using power or those employing 20 or more workers but not using power and Beedi and Cigar units registered under Beedis, Cigar worker (Conditions at Employment) Act 1966. The main objectives of Annual Survey of Industries are: Estimation of the contribution of manufacturing Industries as a whole and of each type of Industry to the State Income. Systematic study of the structure of the Industry as a whole and of each type of Industry. Analysis of various factors influencing Industries in the State. The data for 16 principal characteristics based on industries are given in Annexure 6.4

STATE LEVEL PUBLIC ENTERPRISES

6.3 There are 29 state level public enterprises (SLPEs) functioning in the state. As per the

70

working results of these SLPEs, the performance during the year 2006-07 is as follows: Capital Employed: The capital employed by all the 29 state level public enterprises was Rs.28,066.43 crores. The Top five state level public enterprises whose Capital employed is highest are Housing Corporation, A.P.GENCO, Singareni Colleries Co., A.P.TRANSCO and APSFC. The capital employed by the top five SLPEs constitute 90.43 % of the total capital employed by all the SLPEs in the state, as against 87.75% during the previous year. Turnover: The total turnover (including other income) made by all the 29 public enterprises was Rs.25,320.64 crores. The Top five state level public enterprises whose turnover is highest are - State Beverages Corporation, A.P. GENCO, APSRTC, Singareni Colleries Co., Ltd., and Civil Supplies Corporation. The turnover achieved by the top five state level public enterprises to total turnover works out to 87.55 % as against 84.51% during the previous year. Profit: 18 SLPEs, out of the 29 have made profit totaling to Rs.756.71 crores during 2006-07. The Top five state level public enterprises that made profits during 2006-07 are APGENCO(Rs.286.87 crores), Singareni Collieries Co. Ltd.(SCCL) (Rs.145.51 crores), A.P. Mineral Development Corp. Ltd. (Rs.88.66 crores), A.P TRANSCO (Rs.57.21 crores), and APIIC (Rs.45.91 crores). The total profit made by these five SLPEs is Rs.624.16 crores, which is 82.48% of the total profit made by all the 18 profit making SLPEs.

*** MINES AND GEOLOGY

6.4 Minerals form as a major resource and contribute considerably to the economic growth of the state. Andhra Pradesh is renowned as the mineral store house of the south and established as a prime mineral producer in the Country. The varied geology of the state has rich and wide variety of minerals useful for mineral specific industry. 48 varieties of minerals 71

have been identified so far and important among them are -- Gold, Diamond, Bauxite, Beach Sand, Limestone, Coal, Oil and Natural Gas, Manganese, Dolomite, Quartz, Feldspar, Precious and Semi-precious stones, Clays, Calcite, Steatite Iron Ore, Base Metals, Barytes, Uranium, Granite, Limestone Slabs, Marbles, Dimensional Stones and other Building Materials etc. Policy: The State with vast mineral potential has worked out certain strategies to explore, exploit and develop the mineral sector with the constructive cooperation of both private and public sectors. The State has focused on the inventory of mineral resources, key issues of legislation, objective and strategies in tune with the National Mineral Policy in accelerating the growth in the liberal regime and thereby leading to overall development of the mining sector. The main aim of State Mineral Policy is to serve as a guiding force to translate the States mineral potential into reality with the objectives of eco-friendly and sustainable mining. A.P. is rapidly changing and emerging as a Minerals State of Global importance and growth of Mineral Economy is seen in the foot prints across the country. The State is constantly encouraging new entrepreneurs to ground Mining and Mineral Projects through effective implementation of Government policies and quick disposal for Mineral Concession Applications. The progressive strategies and Polices of the state have culminated in growth of leases, extent, Mineral Production, Mineral Value and grounding of Mineral Based Industries. A.P. with vast major and minor mineral resources have granted 2,039 MLs for major minerals and around 9,052 quarry leases for minor minerals under both private and public sectors. The State produces about 80 to 90 million tonnes of major mineral and 300 million cubic meters of minor minerals. Mineral Resources Andhra Pradesh is well known globally for variety of rocks & minerals and called as Ratna Garbha, a State endowed with variety of minerals. Many of the ancient travelers and historians have mentioned about ancient

mining of Gold, Diamond, Base Metals, Precious Stones etc. A.P. is repository of many minerals and has tremendous potential for mining and development; contain varieties of Litho units/ Rocks, which contain host of industrial and non-industrial minerals. Andhra Pradesh is geologically unique and consists of Igneous, Volcanic, Metamorphic and Sedimentary formations range in age from most ancient (Archean) to recent(teriaries), and contain Peninsular gneissic complex, Dharwars, Eastern ghats, Cuddapah, Pakhal, Penganga, Bheema Kurnool (Palnadu,) Gondwana, Deccan traps, Tertiary and Quaternary formations. These formations with different Litho Units / Rocks contain host of industrial, Non-Industrial, Metallic Minerals. Estimates of some of these important mineral reserves are given in Table 6.3.
Table 6.3 Estimated Mineral Reserve Item Unit Quantity Million Coal 17,146 Tonnes Limestone ,, 35,179 Bauxite ,, 615 Barytes ,, 70 Beach Sands ,, 241 ,, Gold (ore) 12.10 Beach Sand ,, 241 Diamond Lakh carats 18.23 Million 2,406 Granite Cubic Meters Source:-Mines and Geology Department

Andhra Pradesh is comfortably placed in various Minerals such as Limestone(34%), Coal(10%), Mica(86%), Dolomites(11%), Bauxite(40%), Barytes(96%), Clays(30%), Heavy mineral beach sand(40%), Manganese(10%), Feldspar(11%), Quartz, Silica sand Soapstone(16%), Gold, Diamonds(16%), Uranium, Oil and Natural gas, Iron ore, Semi-precious stones, Granite(40%), Slates, Limestone slabs, Marbles, Dimensional and Building stones(40%). The State is first in Barytes, Limestone and Beach sand heavy Mineral deposits in the country. 72

The State is well known for Gold, Diamond, Precious and Semi Precious stones occurrences over vast areas. There are huge deposits of Bauxite in East Godavari and Visakhapatnam districts. Krishna - Godavari on shore and off shore basin contain huge reserves of oil and natural gas. The State also contains huge uranium deposits in Kadapa and Nalgonda districts. Andhra Pradesh is only State in the entire Southern India which contains large deposits of Coal. The State also has number of scattered low grade iron ore deposits in Prakasam, Krishna, Khammam, Karimnagar, Kurnool and Kadapa districts. The State is well known for exclusive granite varieties viz., Chimakurthy Black Galaxy Granite, Srikakulam Blue, Khammam and Warangal Black granite Karimnagar Tan Brown etc., and producing about 8.00 Lakh CUM of various varieties of black and multi color granites. The department of Mines and Geology is entrusted with both promotional and regulatory functions for overall development of mineral sector and also collection of mineral revenue to the State Exchequer. The department is overseeing the functions of receipt and processing of mineral concession applications, grant of leases for Minor Minerals, approval of Mine Plans, Inspection of Mines, curbing of illicit Mining and Transportation, Vigilance, monitoring of Mineral Production, Survey and Demarcation of areas, Mineral Revenue Collection, Mineral Investigations and explorations and dissemination of Mineral information. Leases and Mining There are 2,039 Mining leases and 9052 quarry leases for Major minerals (Industrial Minerals) and Minor Minerals (Construction Minerals) with an extent of 1,02,376 hects and 30,736 hectares respectively and 35 Reconnaissance permits ( Gold, Diamond, Base metals, Precious metals). Mining for coal, Limestone, Barytes and Natural Gas

falls under large scale mechanized sector, Granite, Dolomite, quartz, feldspar, Clays etc. Nearly 90% of the Mines fall under small sector and remaining 10% falls under medium and large sectors. Mineral Based Industries 97 principle large and medium scale mineral based industries have been established in Public and Private sectors for manufacture of cement, steel, sponge Iron, Fertilizers, Ferro Alloys, Glass, Oil refinery, Fibre Glass, Ceramics, Refractories, Zinc refinery, Chemicals etc. A.P. is the 2nd largest cement producer in the country. There are 18 major and 17 mini cement plants with an installed capacity of 23 Million Tons per annum. In addition, there are about 5,000 Granite, Marble and Limestone cutting and polishing units, Slate cutting units, mica processing units, Gem cutting and faceting units, Granite monuments manufacturing units, Pulverizing units, stone crushers, mosaic and ceramic tile units, lime kilns, and Rock stone sand units. Focus Minerals and Industries The mining sector is identified as one of the growth engines and certain minerals have been identified as focus minerals viz Bauxite, Heavy minerals, Beach Sand, Limestone, Coal, Gold, Diamond, Dolomite, Oil and Natural gas, Uranium. Garnet, Granite, Titanium, etc. In addition Cement, Thermal Plants, Refinery, Cutting and Faceting, Mining and Refinery, Steel and Sponge, Refinery Etc., as focus industry for over all growth and development of the mining sector from the State. Mineral Production and Value The mineral consumption is increasing due to promotion of various industries and manufacture of mineral based products. State produces about 100 to 110 million tonnes of industrial minerals and 200 million cubic meters of dimensional stones and building material. A.P. stands 1st in Barytes and Limestone production in the country. The state stands first in value of minor mineral production and Second in total value of mineral production in the country; contributing about 9 to 10 per cent, (Rs.15,966 Crores-2008-09) to the countrys mineral value production. The production of 73

Coal, Natural Gas and Limestone from 199495 to September 2009 is given in Annexure 6.5. Disposal of Mineral Concession Applications The department has given importance to the disposal of mineral concession applications in pre fixed time frame of 3 months. The department has taken initiative to get NOCs from Revenue and disposed record number of Mineral Concession Applications. The Department has disposed 5,698 Mineral Concession applications in the year 2007-08 and 8,547 in the year 2008-09. Revenue The Mineral and Mining sector has achieved Rs.1754.51 crores of Mineral Revenue during 2008-09 against the target of Rs.2187.50 crores. Mineral revenue of Rs.836.66 crores was achieved upto September 2009 against the annual target of Rs.2450.00 crores for 2009-10. During the 2008-09, State stands first in Mineral Revenue among the important Mineral Producing States of the country viz., Jharkhand (Rs.1465 crores), Rajasthan (Rs.1266 crores), Chattisgarh (Rs.1217 crores), and Karnataka (Rs.493 crores). District wise mineral revenue from 2005-06 to 2008-09 is given in Annexure 6.6. Vigilance The department has also taken initiative in constituting State and District Level Task Force committees for effective vigilance to curb illegal mining and transportation of minerals and also created 15 new Vigilance Offices to stepped-up Vigilance over Mineral bearing areas. Further, the department formed 4 Centralized Vigilance Units, 8 Regional Vigilance Units and 6 Temporary Check Posts to curb illegal mining and transportation of minerals in the state. The Department after grounding of the regional vigilance and sand vigilance schemes has stepped up vigilance over vulnerable areas of illicit mining and transportation and booked 19,247 cases and collected a total penalty of Rs.20 crores during 2008-09. In the year 2009-10 the department has booked 7,570 cases and collected a penalty of Rs.5.29 crores upto September 2009.

Task Force: Government of India has instructed State Governments to constitute a State Level Task Force and District Level Task Force for effective vigilance to curb illegal mining and transportation of minerals in the respective states. Basing on the instructions, the State Government has constituted a State Level Task Force under the Chairmanship of the Secretary, Industries and Commerce department, similarly a District Level Task Force was constituted under the Chairmanship of District Collector. The State Level Task Force has met and discussed issues of Forest and Revenue clearances for quick disposal of lease applications to stop illicit mining and transportation, more powers for seizure of vehicles under M.V. Act, blanket clearances in respect of mineral bearing areas falling in Revenue lands, identification of compensatory land adjacent of Forest areas, by Forest Department, reduction of penalty, in case of illicit mining and transportation from 5 times to one time recovery of Seignorage fee from the bills of contractors with one time penalty, inclusion of Commercial Tax Department, Seizure and safe custody of vehicles in the respective Police stations etc. Investigations and Exploration The department is carrying out investigations, exploration and prospecting of mineral deposits, building up history of mines, Preparation of maps of mineral belts, Rendering advice for establishment of mineral based industries, etc. These functions also comprise regional geological mapping followed up by detailed prospecting of mineral bearing areas selected on priority basis and estimation of reserves with quality. The department through DMRTUF Trust has carried out investigations like Scan of Srikakulam and Kurnool mineral resources for grounding of mineral projects, Limestone waste utilization from the intensive limestone mining areas in collaboration with NCCB, Iron Ore in Kadapa district and proved know potential, grade and resources for exploitation of Iron Ore, Promotional drilling 74

for Granite in Prakasam and Karimnagar districts, Limestone in Guntur and Anantapur districts. The department has also taken up the following investigations with the active participation of DMRTUF and Universities. Studies on exploration and reserve estimation for new and hidden bauxite deposits in EGMB of A.P. Geochemistry and utility of grey and black shale overburden of the Mangampet Baryte deposit- To probe the industrial application. Geochemistry of the Phosphoric siliceous dolostones near Pulivendla, Kadapa District. Evaluation of waste rock derived out of Dimensional Stone mining in parts of A.P and its utility. Evaluation of Dimensional Stone granite of Chittoor District, A.P. Geophysical Investigation of the gushing of gas in parts of Kadapa basin. Revival of sustainable mining activity in Nellore Mica Belt through prospecting for COLTAN (Colambite-Tantallum) and other economic minerals. Online processing of Applications The department has also carried out preliminary, Survey studies and identified possible exclusive mining zones in Mahabubnagar, Visakhapatnam, Krishna, Guntur, Chittoor, Nalgonda and Medak districts for declaration as exclusive mining zones for sustainable development and safe Mining. Mineral Projects The department has taken up initiatives for grounding of Bauxite mining project and establishment of Aluminum / Alumina project with an investment of Rs.40,000 crores, Uranium Project with Rs.2,000 crores, Beach Sand heavy minerals project with Rs.6,000 crores, steel plant with Rs.20,000 crores, Iron ore project with Rs.160 crores, Gold and Diamond projects with Rs.50 Crores and Cement plants with Rs.3000 crores. Mineral Information The department has participated in the international granite trade fairs at Jaipur, Chennai and Bangalore, Industrial

exhibitions at Hyderabad to disseminate and promote the mineral potential and mineral sector opportunities of the state. The department has also brought out booklets and brochures on Minerals and opportunities in Mineral sector for the entrepreneurs and public. Devolution of Powers The department is instrumental in devolution and delegation of certain powers to the Zonal Joint Directors in respect of Mineral regulation, issue of Mineral Revenue Clearance Certificate, approval of Mineral Revenue Assessment, Issue of Notices, approval of Mining Plans and transfer and deputation of staff for effective Mineral administration at ground level. The department has also delegated powers to District officers from the Regional Offices for issue of way bills under Mineral Dealers Rules 2000 to facilitate the Mineral dealers to obtain way bills immediately from the respective district offices. Policy Initiatives Initiative was taken in enactment of the A.P. Mineral Bearing Lands (infrastructure) Cess Rules, 2005 for collection of Cess on Mineral Bearing Lands for promotion of infrastructure facilities and rapid exploitation of Mineral resources in the State. Initially, only Coal, Oil, and Natural gas, Barytes, Lime Stone, Iron Ore and Granite are brought under the Cess Rules. Initiative has been taken and identified 12 exclusive Mining zones over an extent of 1.41 lakh acres around Hyderabad for Building stone, Metal and Manufacture of stone sand. The Government has already declared One Exclusive Mining Zone at Bandaraviryala over an extent of 670 Acres. The sand quarrying and regulation subject has been transferred from Panchayatraj Raj and Rural Development Department to the Mines and Geology Department for scientific, regulation and effective realization of Mineral Revenue to the State exchequer. The department has taken fresh initiative to conduct sand auctions throughout the State. 75

The State Coal Policy facilitating APMDC to operate Coal Mines in Tribal Agency areas in conformity with APLTR and also in association with other PSUs was announced. Introduced uniform collection of Seigniorage fee on Slab system to help the Granite and Limestone slab cutting and polishing units in the state and also waiver of Seigniorage fee on granites.

Other Initiatives The State pursued with Central Geological Agencies for exploration of Diamond, Coal, Gold, Base Metals, Rare Earths, Beach Sand minerals, Volcanic Ash, Granites. Investigation has been taken up to identify areas for exclusive quarry zones for Road Metal and building material for promoting manufacture of rock sand around Visakhapatnam town and Granite deposits in East Godavari and Medak Districts, Laterite and Iron ore resources in Kadapa and Adilabad Districts and Dolomite in Khammam District. Further intends to identify the areas for proposing exclusive mining zones in Mahabubnagar District for promoting manufacture of sand from Rock. Initiative was taken to review the achievements in case of 38 reconnaissance permits granted to 10 National and International Companies for gold and diamond. The reconnaissance permit holders have indicated the presence of diamond ferrous kimberlite bodies after review and some of them have filed 42 Prospecting licenses for detailed exploration of Diamonds. Initiative has been taken to promote the manufacture of Robo sand and grant of leases to encourage the entrepreneurs for manufacture of sand as an alternative to the natural sand. Taken initiative for development of the largest Bauxite deposits of Visakhapatnam and East Godavari districts and establish Alumina /Aluminium Units with the active participation by the NALCO, JSWH Ltd.,

Local Tribal Societies, TRICOR and Andhra Pradesh Mineral Development Corporation. Encouraged the Andhra Pradesh Mineral Development Corporation, Indian Rare Earths and other Private Sector entrepreneurs for mining and establishment of Beach Sand Mineral Separation Units, Titanium Slag and down stream industry at Vizianagaram and Srikakulam districts. Encouraged the APMDC for establishment of Low Grade Iron Ore beneficiation Plant at Ongole and large scale mining of Galaxy Granite in Prakasam District. The Government through APMDC intends to enter into oil and Natural Gas exploration and coal mining in other States. The department through Government has requested the Government of India to allocate on-share oil and Natural Gas blocks to APMDC for exploration on nomination basis so as to cater the needs of the state. Future Outlook It is intended to notify mining zones in all the districts to bring additional areas under mining, plug the mineral revenue leakages, curb illicit mining through effective vigilance, bring all the mineral dealers under the purview of law, quick disposal of applications, introduce uniform slab rate of collection of Seigniorage fee from granite processing units, augment mineral production and mineral revenue through resource mobilization, encourage value addition and establishment of mineral based industries in the state etc. There are many potential mineral bearing areas for finding new mineral deposits and there is a huge scope of confidence in the development of varied mineral potential and reserves in the state.

09. The other major exports from the State are Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, Fine Chemicals, Animal, Marine and Leather Products, Engineering items, Agriculture and Agro based Products, Minerals and Mineral Products, Handlooms, Handicrafts, Textiles, Gems and Jewellery and imitation Jewellery items, Electronics and Electrical items, etc. The exports from the State have increased to Rs.66,698 crores in the year 2008-09 from Rs.57,343 crores of the previous year 200708. The growth in exports during the year 2008-09 is 16.31% over the last year. Item wise exports from Andhra Pradesh are given in Annexure 6.7.

*** INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

6.6 Industrial peace is a prerequisite for the growth and development of Industries. Work stoppages due to industrial disputes between employers and workmen and consequential loss of man-days in a given period would be an important indicator of labour management in Industries. The Government through its conciliation machinery have been making efforts to settle disputes amicably and promote industrial peace and for congenial work environment. Efforts are being made by the department to promote productivitylinked settlement in order to make Industries more competitive. The details of Strikes, Lock-outs, Workers involved and Man Days Lost are shown in Table 6.4.
Table 6.4 Industrial Relations Item Strikes Lockouts Workers Involved (No.) Mandays Lost (Lakh No.) 2008 5 0 27,158 4.63 2009 (up to Sep.,) 10 2 41,778 22.09

*** COMMERCE AND EXPORT PROMOTION

6.5 The exports under computer software are contributing more than 50 percent to the total exports from the State during the year 2008-

Source: Labour Department

The number of strikes, lockouts, workers involved, and man-days lost from 1981 to 2009 are given in Annexure 6.8.

***
76

7. ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE
IRRIGATION
7.1 Andhra Pradesh is blessed with major river system like the Godavari, Krishna, Pennar, Vamsadhara and 36 others. The states share of dependable flows at 75% dependability from the river systems is estimated at 2764 TMC (Thousand Million Cubic Feet). This breaks up into 1480 TMC from the Godavari River system, 811 TMC (800 TMC + 11 TMC regeneration) from the Krishna, 98 TMC from the Pennar and the rest from other rivers. The entire dependable water share of Krishna River is fully harnessed through the construction of several reservoirs and barrages. The yield from Godavari River is being utilized to an extent of 720 TMC for the existing projects and the surplus flows aggregating to an average of 4000 TMC is flowing to the sea, un-utilized. Total utilization of river yields works out to 1765 TMC only for the existing projects and thus there is a vast scope of tapping water resources for creating irrigation potential. During the pre plan period (till 1951), 66.77 lakh acres of ayacut was developed by constructing major anicuts on Krishna, Godavari and Pennar rivers and by constructing medium projects under irrigation sector. The details of these Projects are given below: Project Major Medium Minor Schemes (Nos.) 11 45 12,351 Ayacut (lakh Acres) 30.96 1.93 33.88 Medium Irrigation projects completed during the period of 1st five year plan to 11th five year plan and an amount of Rs.61,590.92 crores has been spent from Plan I to XI i.e. upto 2008-09. Further, the projects like Nagarguna Sagar, Sriram Sagar, Telugu Ganga, Somasila, SRBC, SLBC, Vamsadhara along with Medium and Minor Schemes have also been taken up during the plan period and they are at various stages of completion. During the year 2004, the Government have taken up plans for fully utilizing the available yields of Godavari and other rivers and initiated a historical beginning named JALAYAGNAM with the aim of completing the ongoing and new projects in a record time to provide immediate irrigation to water starving segments on top priority by mobilizing funds from all possible sources. Some more projects were added to Jalayagnam Programme and presently 86 projects (44 Major + 30 Medium + 4 Flood Banks + 8 Modernisation) were considered under Jalayagnam. With the above projects including Minor Irrigation and APSIDC new irrigation potential of 98.41 lakh acres will be created besides stabilization of 22.26 lakh acres. During 2004-05 to 2008-09, 12 projects were completed and water released for 19 more projects creating partial irrigation potential and the remaining projects are programmed to be completed in a time bound and planned manner. The total new irrigation potential created from 2004-05 to 2008-09 is 19.96 lakh acres and stabilization to an extent of 3.08 lakh acres (Total 23.04 lakh acres) under Jalayagnam projects including minor irrigation and APSIDC. For the early completion of ongoing projects financial assistance from World Bank, JBIC, NABARD and from Govt. of India under AIBP is being obtained and the works are in progress. Most of the sites suitable for gravity irrigation schemes are already exhausted and upland areas which cannot be commanded by 77

Investment in irrigation sector has been on the increase over the Five year plan periods to achieve growth in agricultural sector. Major Projects viz., K.C. Canal, Kaddam, TBP HLC Stage-I and Rojalibanda Diversion Scheme and further Godavari Barrage and Prakasam Barrage have been constructed in place of the age old anicuts on Godavari and Krishna rivers along with 94 Major and

gravity flows are planned to develop by Major Lift Irrigation schemes. In view of the above, the Government have programmed the following special lift irrigation schemes: (i) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Pranahitha- Chevella Sujala Sravanthi. (ii) Mahatma Jyothi Rao Pule Dummugudem Nagarjuna Sagar Tail Pond. (iii)Chinthalapudi Lift Irrigation scheme. (iv) Babu Jagjeevan Ram Uttarandhra Sujala Sravanthi Project. (v) P.V. Narasimha Rao Kanthanapally Sujala Sravanthi. The Government have taken up the modernization of Delta Systems with a cost of Rs. 15,001.45 crores. Modernization of Godavari Delta has been taken up with Rs. 3,361 Crores, modernization of Krishna Delta with Rs. 4,573 Crores, modernization of Pennar Delta with Rs.1,001.73 Crores, Nagarjuna Sagar project with Rs. 4,444.41 Crores, TBP HLC and LLC with Rs. 794.12 Crores, Nizam Sagar Project with Rs. 549.60 Crores, Yeleru Delta System with Rs. 138.00 Crores and Nagavali System with Rs. 139.59 Crores. Improvements to Flood banks of Vamsadhara, Nagavali, Godavari, Krishna, Hundri, Penna, Kandaleru etc., are taken up with a cost of Rs. 2,312.76 Crores. Thirty Three (33) Major and Medium Irrigation projects have been included under AIBP since 1996-97 in Andhra Pradesh and out of these, 22 projects (i.e. 12 Major and 10 Medium) were included after 2005-2006. Out of the 22 ongoing projects, 15 projects are covered under Prime Ministers Relief Package (PMRP) and the balance 7 projects are under Normal AIBP. Government is contemplating the inclusion of 8 new projects under AIBP (6 projects contemplated under PMRP and 2 projects under Normal AIBP). Projects under PMRP include Rajiv Sagar LIS, Indira Sagar LIS, Dummugudem N.S. Tail Pond, Sripada Yellampally Project, Pranahitha Chevella Project and Modikunta vagu project. Projects to be proposed under Normal AIBP include K.L. Rao Pulichintala Project and Krishna Delta Modernization. The Central Assistance received during the year 2009-2010 so far is Rs. 662.661 Crores. The contemplated irrigation potential under 78

AIBP in respect of the 22 Projects is 30.16 lakh acres against which an I.P. of 5.29 lakh acres has been created up to March 2009. Initiatives: In view of the highest priority given for the completion of the irrigation projects, the following initiatives are being taken up: 1) Special Representative is appointed at New Delhi in the Cadre of Cabinet Minister for getting early clearances to the prioritized projects from CWC and allied agencies. The various clearances are being obtained with rigorous pursuance and the projects works are being carried out. 2) Inspection by third party quality control agencies is implemented in the prioritized projects. 3) Five Additional Special Collectors and forty four Special Deputy Collectors units along with field staff are sanctioned in addition to the existing unit for the speedy acquisition of lands required for completion of the targeted projects and the land acquisition works are in good progress. 4) The A.P. State Relocation and Rehabilitation (R&R) Policy 2005 for giving more benefits to the displaced families, as compared to National R&R Policy is being implemented for the early acquisition of lands etc., for the ongoing projects by paying appropriate compensation to the riots for their lands and houses and the rehabilitation works are in progress. 5) Sprinkler and drip irrigation, is being proposed to be implemented especially in the lift irrigation schemes with the irrigation department funds Minor Irrigation Sector: Minor Irrigation has about 78,000 tanks serving an ayacut of 46.50 lakh acres which includes 66,000 tanks transferred from Panchayat Raj Department irrigating an ayacut of 14.70 lakh acres. Rehabilitation of the small tanks has been taken up at a cost of Rs.167 crores. Government of India have approved sixty seven Minor Irrigation Schemes at a cost of

Rs.226 crores to create new ayacut of 69,249 Acres in tribal and drought prone areas with 90% grant from Government of India under AIBP. To take up new constructions and stabilization of existing tanks, financial assistance from World Bank, JBIC, NABARD, AIBP and Normal State plan is being obtained. Proposals for creating additional ayacut of 4.50 Lakh Acres have been completed under various schemes in the coming 5 years. Rehabilitation of Minor Irrigation schemes to stabilize 6.25 Lakh Acres ayacut has been taken up at a cost of Rs.1044 crores under AP Community Base Tank Management Project (APCBTMP). Rehabilitation of 2,100 tanks are taken up at a cost of Rs.600 crores in the first phase and works are in progress. In the field of Irrigation Management, for the first time in the Country, elections have been held for all Project Committees of Major and Medium Irrigation Projects. Now, elected project committees are functioning in 23 Major Projects and 60 Medium Projects and taking care of maintenance and water management. The Government have made stabilization of ayacut and farmers role in Irrigation Management as a major input for better agriculture production of irrigation areas. Building up of scientific database for Hydrology: A Hydrology Project at a cost of Rs.21.03 crores is taken up for measurement validation, transfer and dissemination of Hydrological, Hydro metrological and Water Quality Data for formulation of Irrigation Projects, Drinking water, Industrial and Power Projects and to establish computerised data base net work. Under this programme, 77 Gauge Discharge sites on various minor streams and 40 Digital water level recorders at various reservoirs have been established. Further, 208 Standard Rain Gauge stations, 80 Auto Graphic Standard Rain Gauge stations, 8 Field Climatic Stations, 15 Water Quality Level-I and Two Water Quality Level-II Labs have been established and they are functioning. The AP Hydrology

Project has been ranked as number one, in the Country by the World Bank. The World Bank has approved the Hydrology Project Stage-II under IBRD loan No.4749 IN. A.P. is one of the implementing agencies among the 13 States and 8 Central departments in the Country. The cost of the project is Rs.8.54 crores including contingencies. The project will expand development of a comprehensive hydrological system and will implement activities towards improved planning and development of water resources to be adopted in Godavari basin (G5). This StageII has been commenced in April, 2006 and additional network of ARGs/SRGs stations is being developed for a better decision supporting system. A website is also developed for which the URL is http// hp-apsw.cgg.gov.in Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) The objectives of PIM include participation of Stake Holders in operation, maintenance of irrigation system, agriculture productivity enhancement and water management. At present, there are 10,748 WUAs in the Major, Medium and Minor Sources and 323 distributory committees are constituted. A.P. is the first State to constitute 23 Major Project Committees and 60 Medium Project Committees in the country. Water Tax is ploughed back to the farmers organizations for taking up O&M works. The development of Irrigation potential and its utilization is given in Annexure 7.1. All efforts are being made to achieve the targeted goals. Minor Irrigation Census As per the 4th Minor Irrigation Census, there are 23.06 lakh minor irrigation sources in Andhra Pradesh during the year 2006-07 as against 20.36 lakh sources in 3rd Minor Irrigation Census 2000-01 registering an increase of 13.28 per cent. The statement showing variation on Minor Irrigation sources from 1986-87 to 2006-07 is given in Annexure 7.2.

***

79

GROUND WATER
7.2 Main Functions of the department are: Periodic estimation of the groundwater resources of the state on watershed basis and according clearances for minor irrigation schemes. Detailed investigations for delineation of potential zones and for selection of well sites, to be implemented by developmental agencies and individuals. Investigations for identification of feasible areas and suitable sites for artificial recharge and rainwater harvesting structures. Drilling of exploratory - cum production bore / tube wells in order to study the sub surface configuration of aquifers and assess the aquifer parameters. Monitoring of groundwater levels and quality through a network of observation wells, stream flow check points and improved network of piezometers with Automatic Water Level Recorders. Conjunctive use studies in selected major Command areas. Special studies for evaluating the groundwater regime through modern tools like, aerial photographs, satellite imagery, GIS etc., in relation to the development and management activities under various programs. From 2009-10 onwards the department is planning to shift its focus to demand side management of groundwater; apart from the conventional supply side management by adopting CBGWM, to start with, on a pilot basis in one assessment unit each in 13 districts. Estimation of Groundwater Resources: For the purpose of estimation of groundwater resources, the state has been divided into 1229 watersheds (which are also called as groundwater basins or Assessment units). The estimation was last done in 2007 and the report was published in 2008. As per the estimation 132 watersheds are categorized as over exploited, 89 as critical, 175 as semicritical and 833 watersheds as safe. Further, 3,449 villages have been declared as over exploited and are notified, where further 80

exploitation of ground water is banned except for drinking water purpose. Categorization of watersheds /mandals / villages are made based on the stage of ground water development and the details are as follows:
% of stage of development (extraction) of ground water >100% 90% to 100% 70% to 90% <70% Category

OE Critical Semi-critical Safe

The number of mandals categorized based on the stage of groundwater development are 111 over exploited, 60 critical, 160 semicritical and 777 mandals as safe. Safe areas need not be favorable for groundwater development. Generally in large parts of these areas the availability/recharge is low. In terms of quantity the total groundwater availability in the state is 34,700 MCM, out of which 14,112 MCM is the utilization for various purposes leaving a balance of 20,588 MCM. The overall stage of development is about 41%. The stage of ground water development in command areas which constitutes about 23% of the states area is 21% and in noncommand areas the stage of groundwater development is 59%. Further, the availability of groundwater in command areas is about 48% whereas in non-command areas where the demand is high, it is only 52%. Thus, in non-command area which constitutes about 77% of the states area, the groundwater development is fast reaching the critical stage. During droughts, the situation becomes worse when the recharge is reduced by about 60% and the utilization (draft) reaches 90%. Any area where the ground water development crosses 70%, then care is needed badly. For safe and sustainable utilization of groundwater, it is estimated that on an average only 10% to 20% of the unit area should be irrigated by groundwater with ID crops. This is based on the rainfall, crop water requirement and recharge taking place

in an unit area. This area can be doubled if micro irrigation techniques are adopted. Groundwater Development: A study of the composite hydrographs of the past and the present indicates the groundwater development taking place in the state. It is generally observed that more the recharge, more will be the utilization. A break point will be reached where the number of wells will increase, where as the groundwater exploitation and the total area irrigated through groundwater remains constant and the power consumed will also increase considerably. At present, on an average about 1.2 hectares is irrigated per well and on an average a total number of 50,000 wells per year are commissioned due to which the average unit area irrigated per well may decrease. At present the well population is >25 lakhs (mostly bore wells) and the area irrigated under groundwater for the year 2008-09 was 34.17 lakh hectares. The irrigation potential created under groundwater during 2008-09 is 15.10 lakh hectares. If micro irrigation practices are adopted, the irrigation potential through groundwater is expected to reach about 48 lakh hectares. Investigations: During the year 2009-10 (upto the Novemer09), the department has investigated 13,038 sites under various programmes for selection of well sites, lift irrigation and artificial recharge structures etc. A total of about 8511 beneficiaries were covered and about 7501 hectares of land was either stabilized or new areas were brought under irrigation. Out of the above, 2632 SC and 658 S.T beneficiaries were covered under SCP and TSP programmes. An area of about 1413 hectares for SCs and about 745 hectares for STs were either stabilized or new areas were brought under irrigation. Under CLDP and WALTA, an area of about 5295 hectare was covered benefiting about 4410 farmers. In addition to the above, investigations were also carried out for selection of well sites for Industries under environmental clearance and for drinking water.

Under Lift Irrigation and Artificial Recharge Structures, 838 sites were investigated and about 811 families have been covered. Monitoring and Quality: Regular and periodical monitoring of ground water levels is done through a net work of 1017 piezometers and 2986 open observation wells. The status of monthly water levels and its trends are being submitted to Government every month and Quality reports twice a year, i.e., pre and post monsoon period. During 2009-10 (up to November-09), there is a net fall in the level of ground water to an extent of 1.39 m in the state over that of the last year (November-08). Drilling: Out of the total annual target of 300 sites under drilling, so far 126 wells were constructed in the State. 36 wells under SCP and 3 wells under TSP are constructed so far. Under SCP, 34 bore wells and under TSP 2 Tube wells were constructed with which an area of 72 hectares can be brought under irrigation for the benefit of Schedules Caste and Scheduled Tribe beneficiaries.

*** POWER
7.3 Andhra Pradesh State Electricity Board (APSEB), which was formed in 1959, has been restructured into two functionally distinct corporations namely APGENCO and APTRANSCO with effect from February 1999. Distribution business was segregated from APTRANSCO by formation of four distribution companies w.e.f. 1st April, 2000. Trading activities were entrusted to four DISCOMs w.e.f. 9th June, 2005 in compliance with Electricity Act 2003. From 1959 to 2009 September, the installed capacity has been increased from 213 Mega Watt (MW) to 13986.89 MW; the consumers served have grown up from 2.7 lakhs to 212.27 lakhs, the energy handled per annum increased from 686 MU to 36,489.63 MU (April09 to Sep09). The annual total revenues from sale of power have been increased, from mere Rs.5.50 crores to Rs.15089.92 crores (including non-tariff income). The development of APSEB /

81

APTRANSCO over the last 50 years is briefed in the Table 7.1.

Table 7.1 Power Development ITEM Installed capacity (MW) Peak Demand (MW) Consumers served (lakh Nos) Annual Energy Handled (MU) Agricultural services (Lakh nos) Annual Revenue including Non-tariff income (Rs Crs.) (excluding subsidy / support from GOAP) (Provisional) Source: AP TRANSCO 1959 213 146 2.7 686 0.18 2009 (upto Sept. 2009) 13,986.89 10,294 212.27 36,489.63 27.07

power including tatkal except farmers having more than 3 connections in dry land, more than 2.5 Acres land holding in wetland, IT assesses and corporate farmers. The modified policy proposes incentives and disincentives to promote energy saving measures. Incentivised tariff is proposed for those who go in for energy saving devices (reduction from 50 paise to 20 paise per unit) viz., installation of capacitors and Frictionless foot valves by March 2006, ISI pumpsets and HDPE / RPVC pipes by March 2008. During the year 2009-10, it is programmed to release 50,000 new agricultural connections under normal plan and up to 1,00,000 new agricultural connections under Tatkal Scheme. So far, 26,446 agricultural services have been released during 2009-10 up to 30.09.2009. 22.88 lakh capacitors have been fixed to the pumpsets as on 30.09.2009 (90.77%). This will result in saving of power by 8 to 10%. Priority is given by Government for promoting Lift Irrigation in order to reduce exploitation of ground water. There are 6 Major Lift Irrigation schemes at 132kV supply, 444 Nos medium and minor Lift Irrigation schemes at 33kV, 11kV and LT supply existing as on 30.09.2009. Dedicated feeders were provided for 290 HT Lift Irrigation schemes. Benefits to BPL domestic consumers Government is subsidizing Rs.10/- per month towards the cost of consumption of one 40Watt bulb (for 6 hours per day) during the month for 13.92 lakh consumers with a connected load of up to 250 watts and consuming up to 15 units per month effective from September 2004 billed in October 2004. Government accorded sanction for payment of Rs. 91.28 crores during 2004-05 to 200910 (upto Sept.09) for this purpose. The Government waived surcharge to a tune of Rs.22.13 crores for the arrears accumulated up to December 2004 (i.e. Rs.180.51 crores) in respect of 17.67 lakh SC/ST domestic consumers in SC/ST colonies and Tribal Habitations. It has also 82

5.50

15,089.92

The Andhra Pradesh Electricity Regulatory Commission (APERC) constituted by GoAP, has been functioning w.e.f 31st March, 1999. APERC has issued annual / multi year Tariff Orders regularly from 2000-01 onwards. Government is committed to the welfare of farmers by the way of enhancing free power from 7 hours to 9 hours to all agriculture consumers including all the services released under Tatkal category also. Government have provided a Tariff subsidy of Rs.3486.15 crores during the current year i.e.2009-10. The Tariff subsidy provided to agricultural sector is Rs. 2145.69 crores and cross subsidy to agricultural sector is Rs.1650.45 crores during 2009-10. Government of Andhra Pradesh provided free power to Agriculture Sector with effect from 14.05.2004 in view of the extreme hardships faced by agriculture consumers in the past years. Government has also waived the power consumption arrears amounting to Rs.1,259 crores relating to agricultural consumers of DISCOMs and RESCOs. As per modified policy, farmers having up to 3 connections in dry land, up to 2.5 Acres land holding in wet land are eligible for free power. Out of 27.07 lakh agricultural services, all the farmers are eligible for free

granted permission for payment of Current Consumption charges (CC charges) in 24 monthly installments to avoid burden on the consumers without levy of interest. In view of the continuing hardships faced by these consumers, Government extended the surcharge waiver scheme by another 24 months from the consumption month of May 2006 billed in June 2006. The SC/ST domestic consumers are permitted to pay CC charges in 40 installments from January 2005 onwards, with total surcharge waiver. As per the directions of Government, all the 5.35 lakh disconnected SC/ST domestic consumers in SC/ST colonies and Tribal Habitations have been reconnected. The reconnected consumers shall pay the CC charges regularly from June 2006. Government approved the scheme of waiver of CC charges due from SC/ST domestic consumers in SC/ST Colonies and Tribal Habitations whose consumption is up to 100 units per month, in July 2007 subject to the following conditions: The consumer shall pay the CC bills regularly from the date of announcement of the scheme. The equivalent amount paid by the consumer towards the CC bill of every month will be waived from the CC charge arrears. The Government will compensate the equivalent amount to the DISCOMS. The Government released an amount of Rs.110.558 crores in this regard so far. 7.79 lakh Domestic SC/ST consumers in SC/ST Colonies and Tribal Habitations will be covered under this scheme. The total CC charge arrears payable by these consumers is Rs 140.6 crores. The surcharge amount is Rs 41.64 crores. The total arrears amount being taken over by the Government is Rs. 182.24 crores. Restructured-Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Programme (R - APDRP) The focus of the programme shall be on actual, demonstrable performance in terms of sustained loss reduction. Power Finance Corporation (PFC) is the Nodal Agency to operationalise the programme. 83

Coverage - towns and cities with population of more than 30,000 and also certain highload density rural areas. Projects under the scheme shall be taken up in three Parts. Part-A: This shall include the projects for establishment of baseline data and IT applications for energy accounting/ auditing and IT based consumer service centers. PartB: This shall include regular distribution strengthening projects such as Renovation, modernization and strengthening of 11kV level Substations, Transformers / Transformer Centers, Re-conductoring of lines at 11kv level and below, Load Bifurcation, feeder separation, Load Balancing, HVDS (11kv), Aerial Bunched Conductoring in dense areas, replacement of electromagnetic energy meters with tamper proof electronics meters, installation of capacitor banks and mobile service centers etc. In exceptional cases, where subtransmission system is weak, strengthening at 33 kV or 66kV levels may also be considered. PartC: This part, to be implemented by Ministry of Power/ PFC, will include, Preparation of System Requirement Specifications, validation of the Base- line Data, appointment of Project Advisors and Project Management Consultants. The programme would be of the size of Rs 51,577 crores i.e., Part-A : Rs. 10,000 crores, Part-B:Rs.40,000 crores, and Part-C: Rs.1177 crores. The details of R-APDRP are shown in Table 7.2.
Table 7.2 Restructured-Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Programme Amount Amount No. of DISCOM Sanctioned Released Towns (Rs. Crs) (Rs. Crs) EPDCL 28 60.66 17.87 SPDCL 32 107.83 30.84 CPDCL 31 175.03 50.03 NPDCL 22 44.50 12.75 Total 113 388.02 111.49 Source:AP TRANSCO

Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojna ( RGGVY) It is programmed to electrify 14,334 unelectrified habitations and 37,99,213 rural households at an estimated cost of Rs.810.33

crores under RGGVY programme by the year 2010. Out of the above, 13,066 un-electrified habitations and 25,32,351 rural households have been electrified during the years 200506 to 2009-10 (upto the end of September 2009). So far, REC has released an amount of Rs. 449.32 crores to DISCOMs against the claims admitted for Rs. 487.58 crores as on 30.09.2009. High Voltage Distribution System (HVDS) High Voltage Distribution System (HVDS) was introduced in the State which aims at reduction of loss through replacement of the low voltage network with High Voltage and installation of large number of smaller capacity 11kV/400V transformers viz., 25/16/10 kVA for supply to agricultural consumers. The benefits on implementation of HVDS are as follows: Loss Reduction Prevention of un-authorized agricultural services Improvement in pump-set efficiency Reduction in Distribution Transformer (DTR) failure During 2009-10, 68,141 pump sets have been converted into HVDS at a cost of Rs.211.82 crores, thus bringing the total number of pumpsets covered by HVDS to 5,58,144 at a total cost of Rs.1,718.10 crores up to the end of September 2009. Scheme sanctions are available as on 31.03.2009 under REC/PFC/APDRP funding for an amount of Rs.495.91 crores for implementation of HVDS in the districts of Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, Visakhapatnam, East Godavari, West Godavari, Chittoor, Kadapa, Ananthapur, Mahabubnagar, Nalgonda, Nizamabad and Karimnagar covering 1,59,944 pump sets. Scheme reports have already been submitted to the GoAP for arranging the JIAC funding under Overseas Development Agency (ODA) package of Ministry of Power, Govt. of India for implementation of HVDS to 16,25,331 agricultural services in 15 districts at an estimated cost of Rs.7,607 crores. These schemes are under consideration of GoI for 84

arranging the sanction from JIAC under ODA package. Generation Progress First three units (3 x 39 MW) of Priyadharsini Jurala Hydro Electric Project (6 x 39 MW) have been commissioned on 28.03.2008, 31.08.2008 and 28.05.2009 respectively and unit-4 will be commissioned by January 2010 and balance 2 units are programmed for commissioning at 4 months interval there after. For the Nagarjuna Sagar Tail Pond dam power house (2x25 MW), 96% earth work excavation completed in the dam portion. 100% of earth work excavation is completed in power house. In tailrace pool area 95% of excavation completed in tailrace channel area. Unit 1 is programmed to be commissioned by March 2011 and unit 2 by June 2011. 500 MW of Dr. NTTPS (Dr. Narla Tatarao Thermal Power Station) was commissioned on 06.04.2009. 500 MW, Stage I of Kakatiya TPP is programmed for commissioning by March 2010 and 9 MW, unit 4 of Pochampad Hydro Electric Project by December 2009. Controlling of Commercial Losses To bring down the commercial losses due to theft and malpractice, a special ordinance amending the Electricity Laws as Indian Electricity (AP amendment) Ordinance 2000 was promulgated and the bill was passed in the Legislative Assembly in September, 2000 and made effective from 31st July, 2000. After enactment of the above Act. 9,32,105 cases have been booked up to September 2009 and 12,002 persons have been arrested. Rs.110.09 crores has been realized against a penal assessment of Rs.275.58 crores. Rs.83.46 crores have been collected during the above period as compounding fees for first offence from 7,57,140 cases that were compounded. As on 30.09.2009, single phasing arrangement has been provided to 7900 Rural feeders to provide: Proper regulation of hours of supply to agriculture Improved voltages for lighting supply in rural areas

Replacement of meters: A total of 49.76 lakh sluggish/struck-up/ burnt out electro mechanical meters were replaced with high quality electronic meters during 2004-05 to 2008-09. During 2009-10 (up to 9/09), another 10.35 lakh defective meters were replaced. Billing and Collection Spot billing using hand held computers is introduced covering all the areas i.e., Towns, Municipalities, Mandals and Villages. Monthly spot billing is introduced in all Municipalities. On-line billing collection facility is available in Hyderabad city and all the towns through 264 e-Seva centers and through 1120 RSDPs (Rural Service Delivery Points) e-Kiosks in rural areas as on 30.09.2009. Collection centers increased from 1390 in 2002-03 to 5,389 at present. Electricity Consumer Meetings Meetings with consumers held every month at circle and division level. Major issues raised are billing complaints and delay in replacement of DTRs in rural areas. Vidyut Adalats held every week to resolve billing complaints at Mandal Head Quarters. Distribution Transformer replacement (DTR) centers increased from 85 to 252 for timely replacement. IT Initiatives Various Information Technology (IT) initiatives have been taken up in Distribution Companies (DISCOMs) to improve the performance and bring in transparency and accountability. CAT (Consumer Analysis Tool) MATS (Monitoring and Tracking System) TIMS (Transformer Information Management System) PMRS (Performance Monitoring and Reporting System) Book Consolidation Module Remote Meter Reading (RMR) Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) has been implemented in APTRANSCO and DISCOMs. E-Vaaradhi, an electronic way to reach electricity consumers is introduced in EPDCL 85

for passing the messages relating to billing information, power shut down information etc., through SMS. Management uses these tools very efficiently for improving Accountability and Productivity of employees and enhancing transparency. Awards AP Power Sector secured the first rank in CRISIL rating for the year 2004-05 with a score of 55.81 in spite of a minus score of 6 marks due to the GoAP policy of providing free power to agriculture. APTRANSCO was adjudged second best in the country in Transmission availability for the year 2004-05 next to Power Grid Corporation of India Limited (PGCIL) by MOP, GOI. APTRANSCO received the Power Lines Expert Choice Award 2006 for Most admired Organization in the State Sector. APTRANSCO was adjudged best in the country in Transmission availability for the years 2005-06 (with 99.87%) and 200607(with 99.89%) by Ministry of Power, Govt. of India and received Gold Shield. APTRANSCO has received the India Power 2008 award for the best overall utility performance. The award was presented by council of power utilities. APTRANSCO received 2nd prize in IEEMA power awards 2009 for excellence in power transmission. Current Scenario: The present installed capacity in the State up to the end of September,2009 (including share from Central Sector) is 13,986.89 MW. The energy available from various sources for use during 2009-10 (up to 9/2009) was 36,489.63 MU. The number of consumers served has increased from 206.81 lakhs to the end of March,2009 to 212.27 lakhs to the end of September,2009. The per capita consumption has reached 746 kWh during 2008-09. 3,880 sub-stations and 6,93,584 distribution transformers are existing upto end of September, 2009 (Annexure 7.3). To meet the growing demand for power, the Government is constructing projects in State sector and encouraging private sector to

implement gas based and other projects. During 10th five-year plan, 2940 MW capacity was added to the system. Out of 2940 MW, 824 MW is under State Sector, 1355 MW is under Central sector, 428 MW is under private sector (gas based projects) and 333.05 MW are Non Conventional Energy projects and others. It is programmed to add 5582.44 MW during 11th five year plan i.e. 2007-12, out of which 3053 MW is under State sector, 769.23 MW is under Central sector, 1129 MW is under private sector (Gas based projects), and 631.21 MW are Non conventional Energy Projects.

*** ROADS AND BUILDINGS

BUILDINGS: 7.4 Plinth area of the Government Buildings (Both Residential and Non-Residential) in the State has increased from 22.80 lakh Sq.feet. as on 1.4.1965 to 99.72 lakh Sq.feet as on 31.3.2009. ROADS Roads are one of the basic modes of transportation system and also an important priority sector of infrastructure. Systematic development of road is one of the important pre-requisites for development and acceleration of growth in the economy. Among the different modes of domestic transport systems, road transport carries more than 80 percent of the goods and passenger traffic. The network of roads, particularly from rural to urban facilitates speedy movement of goods and services and ensures higher growth trends, social integrity and well being of the society. The productivity and efficiency of road transport is directly linked with the availability and quality of road network. Roads and Buildings Department came into existence in the year 1965 with the merger of the Buildings wing of the Public Works Department with the Highways Department as a separate Department for construction and upkeep of the Roads and Buildings under one department. The scenario on these two sectors as on 1.4.1965 was as under: 86

Length of Roads under the Department was 21,510 Kms. Plinth area of the Buildings (Both Residential and Non-residential) was 22.80 Lakh Sq. feet. Since then, the R&B Department is providing services to the community at large in providing good roads as also constructing and maintaining Government offices and residential quarters. In view of the high potential in agricultural activity, there has been huge increase in road network. The total R&B road network in the State is 69,051 Kms as on 31-03-2009. Of this, the National Highways constitute 4,648 Kms, the State Highways constitute 10,519 Kms and Major District Roads constitute 32,170 Kms and rural roads 21,714 Kms. The density with reference to R&B road network in the state is 0.23 Kms per one square kilometer and 0.86 Kms per 1,000 persons. State Roads The State Roads Wing of the R&B Department constructs and maintains Roads and Bridges to stipulated standard on all 52,267 Km Non Core net roads under its control, including those taken over from Panchayat Raj Department or other Local Bodies. This is done by removing the existing deficiencies in the road system such as improvements or widening to the existing pavements, Construction of bridges on unbridged crossings or, construction of missing links and improvements to Geometrics on existing roads for improved road safety and maintenance of the existing roads in order to provide all weather roads and to maintain the existing roads in good condition. Repairs and Maintenance of Roads (Non-Plan) The Roads wing is maintaining the road net work of 52,267 Km (Non Core Net roads) out of a total 64,321 km State Roads using the grant under non-plan (maintenance). Under maintenance there are two components i.e., a) Ordinary maintenance and b) Special Repairs. Ordinary Maintenance: Under Ordinary Maintenance works such as Patch work, Sectioning of berms, Jungle

Clearance, maintenance of bridges or culvers/CD works and urgent repairs to the roads are taken up. It is meant for the routine maintenance of the roads. 25% of the non plan grant under SH and MDR is allocated for ordinary maintenance. Special Repairs: Under Special Repairs Programme, the roads which are ripe for renewal with in or beyond renewal cycle of 4 to 5 years are considered for renewal of top BT layers. Every year badly damaged roads are identified which are ripe for renewal and based on the budget allotted, the roads are taken up for special repairs. Plan Under Normal State Plan, original works other than maintenance nature works are taken up. Under the scheme works, new road formations, construction of new bridges, widening or strengthening of the existing roads are taken up. During last 4years Government have sanctioned 93 works under MDR and SH costing Rs 782.17 crores. At present, works costing Rs 132.00 crores were completed and works costing Rs 450.00 crores are in progress and the balance works are in tenders or estimate stage. Under Tribal Sub Plan (TSP), Government have sanctioned 30 works costing Rs 120.32 crores and the works are in good progress. Under Schedule Caste Sub Plan, 25 works costing Rs 21.48 crores works were sanctioned and the works are in progress. Apart from the above, Road Safety works were also sanctioned and the works are almost completed. A P Rural Development Fund (APRDF): From the year 2008-09, Government provided a separate head to improve rural roads leading to agricultural areas under APRDF and allocated a budget provision of Rs 103.81 crores. 212 Works costing Rs 206.92 crores were taken up so far. At present 57 works completed and 149 works are in good progress. National Highways As on 30.11.09, there are 17 National Highways in the State covering a length of 4727 Kms, of which Four-lane and above are

2045 Kms, Two-lane are 2340 Kms and Intermediate lane are 123 Kms and 240 Kms is Single lane. The density of National Highways is 6.202 Kms per lakh population in the state and in terms of area coverage a length of 17.186 Kms is available for every 1,000 Sq. Kms in the state. The corresponding figures at all India level are 6.40 Kms and 19.95 Kms respectively. National Highways Development Project (NHDP)Phase I & II and Port connectivity The National Highway No.5, 7 and part of 9 are taken up for development of four-lane roads in the State. The total length of the roads taken up for development is 1,834 Kms. The Golden Quadrilateral covering a length of 1,062 Kms is completed. The construction of roadwork named as NorthSouth Corridor covering a length of 772 Kms is under progress and so far a length of 59 Kms is completed. Similarly, the Port connectivity road of length 12 Kms and other projects of road length 58 Kms are completed. Phase-III: 519.50 Kms length of National Highways is proposed for widening into Four-Lane on the basis of Build, Operate and Transfer (BOT) model. The road works proposed under this model are: HyderabadVijayawada-Machilipatnam on NH-9 of length 241.0 Kms, Kadapa-MydakurKurnool on NH-18 of length 192.5 Kms, Hyderabad-Yadagirigutta on NH-202 of length 30.0 Kms and Tirupathi-TiruthaniChennai on NH-205 of length of 56.0 Kms. Bids are being received. Construction of a road bridge across Vynatheya, a branch of Godavari, Kathipudi-Pamarru road was sanctioned for an amount of Rs.4963.24/ 7042.82 lakhs and the work is in progress. Other Important Activities: A stretch of 31 Kms roadwork from Kms 493/0 to 524/0 of NH-9 from Sangareddy to Hyderabad is taken up for widening as Fourlane road on BOT basis, with an estimated cost of Rs.99.00/144.00 Crores. This work has been entrusted with a concession period as 11 years and 7 months (including the construction period of 2 years). The Project commercial operation was commenced in December, 2008. 87

HUDCO Loan Works: Widening of roads to four-lanes with drains have been proposed for easing traffic congestion and ensure proper drainage flow in Municipal areas. These works are taken up under HUDCO Loan Scheme for 1287 KMs of road (529 works) with an estimated amount of Rs.745.01 crores. Out of these, 457 works were completed and 65 works are in progress. 1479 Road safety works at a cost of Rs.151.50 crores were also completed. NABARD Works: In Rural and interior areas, improvements to existing earthen and metalled roads are being taken up in R&B Department with NABARD loan, to improve the connectivity of rural areas with nearby villages and towns. NABARD is sanctioning the loan in two schemes i.e., RIDF and RIAD. So far, NABARD have sanctioned works in 13 RIDF (II to XIV) and 3-RIAD (Phase-I to III) for Rs.2452.75 crores and out of which Rs.1994.21 crores works were completed all over the state which includes roads and bridges. Under RIDF-X to RIDF XIV 824.31 Kms of road and 30 No. of Bridges with an estimated amount of Rs.268.57 crores and 73.46 crores respectively are taken up in 2009-10, of which 422.00 kms of road work for Rs.100.61 crores and 9 bridges for Rs.11.46 crores were completed and the balance works are in progress. The balance works of RIDF XIV and RIAD Phase III, which were grounded and targeted to complete beyond March, 2010 are in progress. Andhra Pradesh Road Development Corporation (APRDC) The Road Development Corporation was established in the year 1998 with an objective for the development and maintenance of Roads in the State and other allied and incidental activities there to. Under AP State Highway Project (APSHP), 1400 Kms were improved in Widening and Strengthening component under capital improvement and 1734 Kms were improved in Heavy Periodic

Maintenance for State Highways (SH) and Major District Roads (MDR) with World Bank loan assistance. The other set of around 1818 Kms were improved under AP Economic Restructuring Project to clear the maintenance backlog on core network of arterial roads. A.P. Road Sector Project (P 096021) AP Road Sector Project is approved by the Government of India (GOI) and World Bank for further strengthening the objectives set in the APSHP, to reduce the transport cost and constraints. The cost of the project is estimated at Rs.3165.00 Crores. Major Components of the Project: a)Up-gradation and Improvement component for 429 Kms: Cost Rs.1542.47 Crores. i. In this component, 429 Kms. road (seven roads consisting of 9 packages) is targeted for Widening and Strengthening. The road work for Chittoor - Puttur road (package 1) is entrusted and preparatory works are in progress. ii. Tenders for Kandi Shadhnagar road, Kurnool Devanakonda, Mydukuru Jammalamadugu Road received on 27.05.2009. Financial Evaluation Committee (FEC) accepted tender for Kandhi Shadnagar road and other tenders are rejected. No-objection from World Bank is awaited. iii. Tenders for Jagityala Peddapalli Road are accepted by Financial Evaluation Committee (FEC) and World Bank is addressed for No-objection. iv. For Pedana Vissannapeta Road and Kakinada Rajahmundry Road Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) under finalization. These Roads are targeted for grounding in January 2011. b) Long Term Performance Based Maintenance Contract (LTPBMC) 6241 kms: Cost Rs.1431.14 Crores (5 years duration) In this component, 6241 Kms. of roads are targeted for maintaining under LTPBMC.

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Under Phase-I, eleven (11) Packages (2013Kms) are entrusted and grounded. In 2nd Phase, Tenders for 26 Packages (4228 Kms) are in progress. c) Institutional Strengthening, Road Safety and PPP Facilitation Support: Road Financing Study, Road safety policy and Road management system are planned at a cost of Rs.191.39 Crs. Widening of roads to four lanes and Bridge Works (Build Operate Transfer) under Public Private Partnership (PPP) 1. Second bridge across river Godavari near Rajahmundry including approaches connecting EGK road with (PPP) project. Work is grounded. Piling work for the foundation is in progress. Financial closure achieved on 26.05.2009. 2. Construction of HLB across river Musi from Km 6/6 to 7/2 of Miryalaguda-Kodada Road. Work is nearing completion. In principle approval for VGF received and tenders are under finalisation for the following road works: 3. Hyderabad-Karimnagar-Ramagundam Road (Rajiv Rahadari) 4. Narketpally-Addanki -Medaramitla Road. 5. Puthalapattu - Naidupet Road (excluding the stretch from Km 41/7 to 59/0). DFRs are under finalization for the following works: 6. Up-gradation and Improvement of road from Nellore to Gooty Road via Badvel Mydukur Rayalacheruvu. 7. Khammam-Tallada-Devarapalli Road. 8. Kadapa - Renigunta Road. 9. Up-gradation of road from Anakapalli to Anandapuram (SH-38) via Sabbavaram and Gundugolanu Devarapalli - Kovveru Road. Administrative Sanction is awaited. Annuity Works: 1) Six road works with a length of 154.79 Kms at cost of Rs. 397.91Cr. are in progress. 2) Two Bridge works costing Rs. 216.27 Cr. are to be grounded. Core Network Roads under Non-Plan: The Maintenance and Management of 12,048 Kms of High Density Corridors designated as

Core Network Road works is entrusted to APRDC with effect from 01.04.2007. An amount of Rs.50.00 Cr was allocated under Non-Plan maintenance during the year 200910. The maintenance works are in progress. Four road works at a cost of Rs. 1596.50 Cr. and One Bridge costing Rs.35.00 Cr. are sanctioned under Core Net Plan Works which are in tender stage. PANCHAYAT RAJ ROADS The total length of the rural roads under Panchayat Raj engineering department is 1,29,317 Kms in the State as on 30-9-2009. Out of this, Other District Roads consist of 8,184 Kms and village roads 1,21,249 Kms. The surface details of the road length are CC Roads 2,854 Kms; BT 31,502 Kms, WBM 22,284 Kms and Gravel 72,677 Kms.

*** TRANSPORT
7.5 Road Transport plays a prominent role in the economic development of the State. The Transport Department plays a key role in issue of licenses to drivers, registration of vehicles, issue of permits, collection of tax, enforcement of vehicle violations and road safety. The State has a registry of 92.28 lakh vehicles and 95 lakh driving licenses. Vehicular Strength in the state is given in Annexure 7.4. The Transport Department collects revenues from the issue of driving licenses, registrations, permits and taxes. The growth of revenue is shown in Table 7.3. Table 7.3 Transport Revenue Amount (Rs. Crs) Year 2001-02 950.92 2002-03 918.69 2003-04 1095.85 2004-05 1096.49 2005-06 1354.19 2006-07 1372.00 2007-08 1591.61 2008-09 1846.52 2009-10 2315.00 (Provisional)
Source: Transport Department

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The Transport Department administers through 43 RTO offices, 47 Unit offices and 37 MVI offices to facilitate the public. All services in the Transport Department are fully computerized and provide for multiple access to services through Internet, e-seva centers in addition to the departments offices with a view to increase transparency in the functioning of the department ensuring customer access. Citizens can now make tax payments or book slots of the learner licenses and driving licenses through the e-Seva counters or through the internet or at the transport offices. New Initiatives Citizen Friendly Services has been the goal of the computerization strategy in the Transport Department. The department gradually plans to migrate from client- sever architecture to the web enabled architecture for greater data integrity and uniformity of operations across the state. This not only enhances transparency but reduces discretion at lower levels in addition to cutting down transaction time. Some of the initiatives undertaken by the department are: Slot booking on the internet or through eSeva services or through RTA offices have been made mandatory for learner license and driving license. Any service - any counter to expedite works of the RTA offices, besides rationalizing the use of man power. Despatch of all documents by speed post. Registration of non-transport vehicles can now be done in one day. Online payment of life tax by all vehicle dealers has been made mandatory from June 1st 2008. Bio-metric (finger print) authentication has been introduced for learner license test. Driving Licenses in smart card form are being issued in Hyderabad, Vijayawada, and Kadapa and will shortly be extended through out the State. Color coding of all categories of driving licenses has been introduced for better enforcement.

20,000 RTC buses and 400 SETWIN buses have been added to the transport data-base to expedite issue of permits and fitness certificates. Affixing retro reflected stickers on transport vehicles has been made mandatory. Fully functional website will enable citizens to access data of vehicles, application forms and access of services. Pollution Control The Department has taken steps to upgrade and net work all the 475 Pollution-Testing stations that were licensed in the private sector to be compatible to new testing norms prescribed in Central Motor Vehicles Rules 1989. 101 Pollution Testing Stations were networked so far. In order to control vehicular pollution, Goods vehicles and Stage Carriages of 15+ years have been prohibited from the Hyderabad area. Similarly, public service and private service vehicles of more than 15 year old are prohibited in Visakhapatnam area. Restriction has been imposed on the number of three wheeled contract carriages (Autorickshaws) in Hyderabad, Vijayawada and Visakhapatnam. No new permits are issued to three wheeler contract carriages in these three cities. Any replacement of auto rickshaw is permitted with LPG operated one. There are 24 auto LPG Dispensing stations established in and around Hyderabad and 38,670 auto rickshaws and 19,501 cars have been converted to LPG mode fuel. Enforcement The Department has been making a conscious effort to enforce the provisions of the Motor Vehicles Act by actively booking violation of vehicle registration and driving license conditions. Active enforcement enables better compliance of registration and licensing conditions by operators. In the year 2008-09, the department through active enforcement has been able to mobilize revenue of Rs.168 crores. During the current year 2009-10, the department is likely to achieve a target of Rs.215 crores.

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Road Safety Road Safety implementation constitutes one of the important tasks of the transport department. Over the years, the state has witnessed an increase in the number of accidents owing to expansion in the road network, motorization and urbanization. An analysis of road accidents indicates that around 80% of the road accidents are due to drivers fault. Given the advanced technologies of vehicles today, only 2% of the accidents/fatalities is due to defects in the motor vehicles. With a view to mitigate the number of road accidents in the state, the transport department has initiated a number of measures under the Road Safety Program called SAFAR - Safety Always For All Roads: 1. Streamlining the Licensing system of drivers: The department has introduced computer based learner licence test to assess the knowledge of drivers. 2. Driving test has been made rigorous through strict testing on driving tracks. All districts have a driving test track. 3. Heavy motor vehicle driving schools need to register online, all candidates undergoing training to enable them to take a test for obtaining a heavy motor vehicle licence. 4. Enforcement by police and transport department has been made more intensive to book violations under the MV Act (with reference to driving and overloading of goods and passenger vehicles) 5. Contract carriages are being constantly monitored and checked for carrying commercial goods at the cost of the safety of the passengers. 6. Sub-inspectors of police have been authorized to check all visible offences. 7. Auto rickshaws are prohibited on the national highways. 8. Driving licences of drivers involved in fatal and grievous accidents are being suspended. 21,473 licences have been suspended ( July 06-Aug.09) 9. District road safety committees have been reconstituted with District Collector as

Chairman for effective monitoring and taking remedial measures. 10. Laser guns have been procured for detecting over speeding vehicles. So far 2,816 cases have been booked for over speeding. Interceptor vehicles fitted with laser guns, breath analysers and surveillance cameras and pollution testing equipment have been provided to Hyderabad, Rangareddy, Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada and Chittoor districts to check violations. To date 17,849 cases have been booked through interceptor vehicles. 11. Twenty two (22) Surveillance Cameras have been provided to the Police Department erected at 11 identified junctions in the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad. e-challans are being generated by the Police department for all offences detected. 12. Six Heavy duty cranes have been supplied to the police department for removal of stranded and accident vehicles on the important national highways. The department plans to acquire another 10 cranes to cover all national highways.

*** APSRTC
7.6 The Transport needs of the people in the state were first met by a wing of Nizam Railways in June, 1932 with 27 buses and 166 staff, mainly looking after the needs of passengers connected to Railway Stations. Later on, the Road Transport Sector was under the Department of Hyderabad State from 1st Nov.1951 and with the re-organization of States, a separate Corporation was initialized in Andhra Pradesh State w.e.f 11th January, 1958. The corporation initially had a fleet strength of 609 buses (16 depots) with a staff of 5,081 during the year 1958. As the State has been growing on all fronts since then, the needs of transport have also increased, forcing the implementation of nationalization and increase its fleet strength year after year to meet the needs of travelling public. APSRTC is the largest State Road Transport undertaking in the country, which has not 91

only entered in the Limca Book of Records in the year 2000, but also entered the Guinness Book of World Records on 31stOctober, 1999. The Corporation is first in fleet utilization in the country by achieving 99.54% in the year 2009-10 (upto Sep.09). The Corporation has 7 Zones, 23 Regions and 202 Depots with a total fleet strength of 21,390 buses and 1.15 lakhs employees on rolls as at the end of September,09. All the 202 depots having fleet operation were computerized and linked through a Dial up network. The fuel efficiency is 5.26 KMs per litre during 2009-10 (upto Sep.09). It operates about 77.05 lakhs KMs. and transports about 1.44 crore passengers daily. Average Vehicle Productivity per day 364 kms and Average Fleet Utilization is 99.54%. Product Achievements: The Corporation has innovated trend setting improvements in the quality of travel in rural and urban areas by providing newly designed ordinary coaches Pallevelugu for rural passengers; Garuda for long distance passengers, Seethala Hamsa, Metro Deluxe and Metro Express for urban passengers, and Sapthagiri Deluxe, Sapthagiri Express Sapthagiri Ordinary for ghat road passengers. The Corporation has introduced On-line ticket booking system for the convenience of passengers. Special Achievements: The Corporation bagged National Awards on: i) Highest Tyre Performance. ii) Fuel efficiency. iii) Productivity. Among the STUs in India, APSRTC stands top in the area of physical performance in the vehicle productivity and resource utilization indicators like V.U., Fleet Utilization, average No. of passengers transported, Fuel efficiency, Tyre life, break down rate and Accident rate. APSRTC is one of the largest employer in the state having 1.15 lakh employees. The staff ratio per bus has been under control at 6.04 during 2009-10 (upto Sep.09), when compared to that of 6.13 in 2008-09(upto Sep.08). Employees productivity has increased to 60 KMs during 2009-10 (upto

Sep.09) from 58 KMs of 2008-09(upto Sep.08). After a gap of several years, APSRTC took up direct recruitment of Management Trainers and Supervisory Trainees during 2008-09, in order to energize and professionalize the Executive and Supervisory cadres. The regular conduct of induction training and refresher courses for defaulting drivers has resulted in increased safety to operations both during night and day time. The rate of accidents per lakh KMs of operation was 0.11 during 2009-10(upto Sep.09), when compared to last year of 0.12 per lakh KMs in 2008-09(upto Sep.08). APSRTC performance from 2003-04 to 2009-10(upto Sep.09) is given at Annexure 7.5.

***
AIRPORTS
Hyderabad International Airport 7.7 The Rajiv Gandhi International airport at Hyderabad, was inaugurated on 14th March, 2008 and commenced operations from 23rd March, 2008. The new airport was opened to the public, pursuant to the notification issued by the Ministry of Civil Aviation to launch operations. With the new Greenfield airport starting full-scale operations, the existing airport at Begumpet has been closed for civil aviation operations. The new Rajiv Gandhi Airport has been developed by GMR Hyderabad International Airport Limited (GHIAL), a joint venture company promoted by GMR Group (63%) and Malaysia Airports Holding Berhad (11%), Government of Andhra Pradesh (13%) and Airports Authority of India (13%) as the other consortium partners. The airport is strategically located providing excellent opportunity to develop it as a hub for domestic and international passenger and cargo traffic. The futuristic airport reflects the long term vision to build it as a major domestic and international hub. Hyderabad is centrally located and within a two hour flying time to all the major cities in India and 4 hours from major cities in the Middle East and South East Asia. The city has the potential not only to become one of 92

the main hubs in India while also handling traffic between the East and West. RGIA is the second public-private partnership venture in the Indian airports, the first being the Cochin. International Airport. RGIA provides world-class facilities and infrastructure, in accordance with ICAO standards and practices, to handle large aircraft and international traffic. Its integrated domestic and international terminals are equipped with 12 contact boarding bridges, 30 remote stands, Common User Terminal Equipment (CUTE), self check-in kiosks (Common User Self Service- CUSS) and 46 immigration counters. It also incorporates modern IT systems including Flight Information Display Screens, Baggage Handling System (BHS), and Airport Operational Database (AODB) technology for the first time in India. RGIA is the first Indian airport to have the fully automated Airport Operations Control Centre which acts as the nerve centre for all coordination within the airport. RGIA is designed to cater to 12 Million Passenger per annum (MPPA) which can be phase-wise developed to cater to an ultimate capacity of 40 MPPA. After completion, it will consist of 2 runways, 2 integrated terminals, landside commercial zones, 2 SEZs, community facilities and the entire necessary supporting infrastructure. The landside area consists of land lying between the two runways of the RGIA and covers about 1860 acres of land. A Special Handling Terminal with a built-up area of 2592 Sq.M has been developed for facilitating Haj pilgrimage and other similar activities. Connectivity The major access points to the new airport are from National Highway NH-7 (on its West) and Srisailam State Highway (on its East) besides the Outer Ring Road (ORR) which is in phased progress. 1st phase of ORR had been opened up for the common traffic which now effectively connect Cyberabad region to the Airport. 11.8 km long elevated expressway (PVNR) has also been opened for traffic recently, which now enable passengers to reach airport

from the city centre through the NH-7 Highway, within 30 minutes. Besides these, Multi-Modal Transportation System (MMTS), Mono Rail Transport System (MRTS) and other alternative modes of transport are being actively explored in collaboration with the state government. Traffic Highlights The global Economic downturn had significantly impacted the traffic growth at RGIA. But currently the traffic is showing a marginal improvement with observed reversal of negative trend and for the current year by March 2010 traffic at RGIA is expected to register a positive growth. Freight Traffic The Hyderabad airport has registered an overall CAGR of 18.9% during 2001-02 to 2008-09 with international at 25.4% and domestic at 10.9%. The year 2008-09 has shown 12% increase in the overall volumes of freight handled with international at 38% and domestic at -12%. For the first half of the year 2009-10, Domestic Cargo have grown at a rate of CAGR 15.5%, where as the international cargo has registered a CAGR of -2.6%.

*** PORTS
7.8 Andhra Pradesh is having 974 kms. long coast line with one major Port at Visakhapatnam under Government of India and 13 Non-Major Ports under State Government. Recent trends show that Indias trade is growing especially in dry bulk cargo traffic with China and Asian countries, leading to a substantial increase in cargo from the East Coast. Ports offer tremendous potential for development and for the growth of a wide spectrum of maritime activities such as international shipping, coastal shipping, ship repairs, fishing, captive ports for specific industries, all weather ports, tourism and sports etc., The Andhra Pradesh Port Department prepared a perspective plan for development of Ports according to which 100 Million 93

Tonnes of cargo by 2011-12 is programmed for handling. Kakinada Anchorage Port: The Anchorage Port is a sheltered Port with the location of 17 Kms. length of Hope Island. Anchorage Port handles about 150 to 200 sea going ships every year. There are about 100 private owned steel barges with a total capacity of 3,000 Tonnes employing 2,000 persons. About 3,000 workers are working as shore labour and stevedoring labour in the ships. The cargo handled in Anchorage Port was 4.79 Lakh Tonnes during 2009-10 i,e., upto 30.09.2009 and earned revenue of Rs. 5.73 Crores. During this financial year, it is programmed to handle 25 lakh tonnes. Kakinada Deep Water Port: The Deep water berths developed by the Government were privatized in 1999 and handed over to M/s. International Sea Ports Ltd., for Operation and Maintenance for 50 years. For this purpose, a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) called M/s. Kakinada Seaports Limited (KSPL) was created for operating and maintaining the Port. They have been operating the Port for the last 10 years. M/s.KSPL have made good of marketing efforts and 62.80 lakh tonnes of cargo handled and an amount of Rs.86.37 crores was earned as revenue by the end of 30-092009. The gross income during 2009-10 is expected to cross Rs.174.00 crores. Rawa Port: The Port is located in East Godavari District having an off shore single buoy mooring system for collecting off shore oil from 6 Nos. of oil rigs on the Rawa basin and pump the same into the oil tankers for transporting to other Ports. M/s. Cairn Energy (I) Ltd., as Acceleration Company installed Single Buoy Mooring (SBM) at Rawa Port. The Port handled 9.56 lakh tonnes of crude oil and earned an amount of Rs.2.45 crores as revenue during 2009-10 upto September, 2009. Gangavaram Port The Port is located in Visakhapatnam district. It is being developed with private participation as a Multipurpose All Weather

Port to become the deepest port (21m) with round the clock operations and with state-ofart cargo handling equipment. It would also be the most environment friendly port. All statutory clearances were obtained and 95% works are completed. The operations of the port have commenced in July, 2008. The total estimated cost is Rs.1,850 crores in Phase-I, Rs.2,600 crores in Phase-II and Rs.10,000 crores in Phase-III. The handling capacity of Phase-I is 35 Million Tonnes, Phase-II is 75 Million Tonnes and Phase-III is 200 Million Tonnes per annum. The port handled 61.72 lakh tonnes of cargo and earned an amount of Rs.194.31 crores as revenue by 30-9-2009. Krishnapatnam Port This port is in Nellore District and this 1st greenfield port is being developed by Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd.,(KPCL) on Build, Operate, Share and Transfer (BOST) basis under PPP over a period of 30 years. Phase-I of the port is developed with an estimated investment of Rs.1,200 crores and will have five berths. The port has started commercial operations from March, 2009. Phase-II of the port will be developed with an estimated investment of Rs.6,000 crores to handle 40 million tonnes. Vadarevu, Nizampatnam Port and Industrial Corridor VANPIC project This twin Port project and industrial corridor is being developed in Guntur and Prakasam districts by M/s.VANPIC Pvt.Ltd., under MoU route, with a total investment of Rs.16,800 Crores. Concession Agreement was concluded with the developer in July,2008 to develop the VANPIC project on BOOT basis for a period of 33 years, extendable by 11 years + 11 years. State Government is providing land on lease basis and external infrastructure to this twin port project.

*** COMMUNICATIONS
7.9 As on January 2010, there are 16,146 Post Offices in the State, of which 104 Mukhya Dak Ghars/Head Offices, 2,335 Sub Offices, 31 Extra Departmental Sub Offices and 13,676 Branch Offices. Similarly, there were 94

149 Telegraph Offices, 4,180 Telephone Exchanges. The details are given in Annexure 7.6. As per the TRAI report, there are a total of 438.94 lakh telephone connections at the end of December,09 in the state. Out of which, 24.55 lakh connections are wireline (land line) and 414.39 lakhs are wireless (GSM, CDMA and WLL (F)).

*** BANKING
7.10 The number of scheduled bank offices in the State is 6,641 at the end of September, 2009. The aggregate deposits amounted to Rs.2,21,651 crores and the total bank credit advanced was of the order of Rs.2,24,549 crores as on 30-9-2009. The credit-deposit ratio of the banks in AP is 101.31% as against RBI norm of 60%. The total priority sector advances to net bank credit is Rs.98,104 crores (45.74%) against RBI norm 40%. Agricultural advances to Net Bank Credit are Rs.48,480 crores at 22.60% of Net Bank Credit (NBC) against RBI norm of 18%. SSI Advances (outstanding) is Rs.21,494 crores at 10.02% of NBC. Other priority sector advances are at Rs.28,130 crores forming 13.11% of NBC. Profile of banking institutions in A.P as on 31.12.2008 is given in Annexure 7.7.

***
TOURISM
7.11 Andhra Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation (APTDC) is a State Government Undertaking incorporated in the year 1976. It continues to register significant growth since 1999-2000 with a focus on the creation of tourism infrastructure and products. APTDC continues to strive for promotion of new tourism products such as Eco-Tourism, Beach Tourism and Cruise Tourism. During 2008-09, 6 new Eco-tourism destinations have been promoted as novel initiatives under community based Eco-Tourism. The River Cruise tourism to Pattiseema and Papikondalu on river Godavari has become immensely popular. Presently, the corporation runs a chain of 55 hotels with 1043 rooms and 2,222 beds in 95

prime locations fostering homely ambience, an impressive fleet of 144 buses connecting important tourism locations within and outside the state. The corporation runs Sound and Light shows, owns and operates water fleet of 117 boats, Launches and pleasure rides making River and Lake cruise tourism an affordable reality. The activities of the Corporation are: o Tourism Infrastructure Development o Hotels and Catering Units o Guided and Package Tours o Leisure Cruises and Pleasure Boating o Sound and Light Shows Eco-Tourism The Corporation develops tourism infrastructure and package development for overall development of tourism in the State. The Corporation involved in many areas of development i.e. hotels, resorts, wayside amenities, tourist packages and water sports etc. Recently, it has ventured into new tourism related fields like, Heritage, Pilgrimage and Eco-tourism etc. Growth: APTDC has registered a systematic growth over the years both in terms of revenue and also tourist arrivals. The thrust of the Government of Andhra Pradesh on the development and promotion of tourism has enabled this to happen. In line with the policy of the Government, APTDC focused on the development of tourism infrastructure thereby promoting new tourism products and successful operation of tourist centers. Growth of A. P Tourism Development Corporation from 2000-01 to 2009-10 is shown in Table 7.4.
Table 7.4 Tourists Inflow and Revenue Year 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
(projected)

Tourists (Nos.Lakhs) 24.96 43.83 53.54 62.47 73.79 77.48

Revenue (Rs.Crores) 59.18 76.46 89.50 100.89 109.00 117.00

Source: Tourism Development Corporation

Tour Packages: To make travel hassle free and more comfortable, APTDC has designed a number of Tourists Packages to varied destinations covering temples, hill resorts, beach resorts, heritage sites both in and outside the state through its modern transport fleet of over 144 buses. APTDC is the first corporation in the country to introduce Volvo coaches that has set a new level in the tourism travel. The transport fleet is supported by a chain of central reservation offices in Hyderabad, Tirupati, Visakhapatnam, Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkatta and Shirdi supported by a network of tour promotion agents. APTDC also enters into strategic alliance with major tour operators. The tours connect major hubs in the south such as Chennai, Bangalore, Shirdi, Tirupati, Hyderabad, Coimbattore, Mangalore and Goa making South India a seamless travel destination. Haritha Hotel Chain: APTDC has developed the Haritha Hotel Chain located in important tourist centers. which provides the right ambience and the quality a tourist truly deserves. All APTDC hotels provide for a restaurant, AC and non AC accommodation and in major locations a swimming pool. APTDC has a strategic arrangement with Shanthigiri Ayurvedic Clinic of Kerala, which provides wellness ayurvedic treatment. Important places where hotels and resorts are located includes Hyderabad, Vijayawada, Visakhapatnam, Jungle Bells, Araku Valley, Rishikonda, Basara, Bhadrachalam, Warangal, Tirupati, Horesely Hills, Kuppam, Yadagirigutta, Kurnool, Dwaraka Tirumala, Srisailam, Nagarjuna Sagar and Dindi. In addition to these, construction of new hotels is nearing completion at Gandikota and Ananthagiri, R.R District. Wayside Amenities To provide better facilities to highway travelers, APTDC has taken up development of Wayside Amenities along the highways at Alankanpally, Suryapet, Pragnapur, Kamareddy, Lepakshi, Wyra, Sone and Srikalahasthi. Facilities like Restaurant, Washrooms, Parking area, Souvenir Shop and Children Play area are developed at these 96

places. Projects completed and commissioned are Alankanpally, Pragnapur, Lepakshi, Srikalahasti and Suryapet. Development of wayside amenities at Wyra and Tallapaka is taken up and works are in progress. Water Fleet: The large number of water bodies have enabled APTDC to develop lake and river tourism in Andhra Pradesh. Wholesome entertainment and pleasure cruises are being operated in the Hussainsagar lake in Hyderabad. Visiting tourists and local residents can view the Buddha on the rock of Gibralter or just dine through a pleasure cruise on the most popular cruise boats such as the Bhagirathi, Bhagmathi and the Khairun-nissa. The water fleet strength of APTDC is 117 which includes FRP Boats, Launches, Parasail Boat and large vessels. The Corporation operates 10 cruises in Godavari and Krishna rivers. New catamaran type boats and latest Speedboats have been introduced at various water bodies as a part of strengthening the water fleet operation. APTDC operates pleasure rides at the Miralam tank, Durgam Cheruvu, Nagarjuna Sagar, Nellore, Srisailam, Vijayawada, Visakhapatnam (Bay of Bengal), Karimnagar (LMD), Tirupati, Rajahmundry and Brahmasagaram. New boating units at suitable Jalayagnam sites have been taken up by the corporation and about 17 new units proposed to be established in this year. River Cruises: As a part of new product development, the Corporation has aggressively promoted river cruises during last year. The Corporation operates one of the most popular River Cruise on River Godavari between Pattiseema and Papikondalu. The introduction of the river cruise on the Godavari has stimulated many a private entrepreneur to operate similar cruises on the Godavari. The cruise offers a unique experience of a boat ride for over four hours and brings back the tourists to Pattiseema in the evening. Two days package with night stay in tented camp along the banks of the Godavari near Kollur enroute to Papikondalu also arranged for tourists. A Twin deck cruise (120 seater-Haritha)

introduced with lower Deck A/c is presently operating in Godavari river in addition to FRP boats. A new boat 50 seater (Sabari) also introduced to meet the demand. Houseboats: APTDC has 5 air-conditioned houseboats, which offer a unique experience similar to the backwaters of Kerala. The House Boats are equipped with two bedrooms and a deck to laze through the day along the serene and picturesque Godavari in East Godavari District. Sound and Light Shows: The corporation in its endeavour to show case historic and heritage monuments to the tourists has developed Sound and Light shows at Golconda Fort, Hyderabad and Chandragiri palace near Tirupati. These two shows are immensely popular. A multimedia show is under development at the Amaravathi Interpretation Centre. Ropeway Ropeway facility at Srisailam - Pathalaganga started in 2005 giving good revenue to the corporation i.e about Rs.10 to Rs.12 lakhs per month on an average. This facility has benefited so many local people with direct and indirect employment in Pathalganga area. Boating revenue also increased due to this facility as more tourists are getting down to Pathalganga and taking the boat rides. Akkamahadevi Caves river cruise operation also increased with this ropeway. This became a major attraction for Srisailam pilgrim tourists. Focus areas APTDC has focused development in and around the three primary destinations of Hyderabad, Visakhapatnam and Tirupati. Further, development is also centered around the 3 secondary destinations i.e Warangal, Kurnool and Vijayawada. The development of infrastructure is based on developing destinations and tourism circuits with a funding mix from the Government of India and Government of Andhra Pradesh.

Eco-Tourism The Corporation took the initiative of identifying potential Eco-tourism spots and successfully implemented the popular eco projects like the Belum caves, revamping of Borra caves, an exotic Jungle destination by name Jungle Bells at Tyda, famous lake project at Durgam Cheruvu, illumination of Ettipothala water Falls and development of Bhavani River Island. Community based Eco-tourism Eco-tourism is the new buzzword in the realm of tourism throughout the World. Andhra Pradesh is bountifully endowed by nature in the form of hills and valleys of the Eastern Ghats, a vast coastline and lush green forests. Conscious efforts have been made to preserve the natural beauty and environment while creating infrastructure and facilities for tourists that fit in with the natural surroundings. Andhra Pradesh is encouraging community based Eco-tourism in association with Forest Department of AP under their Community Forest Management program by providing opportunities for jungle walks, forest retreats, wild life tourism, bird watching and trekking. Eco- Tourism initiatives APTDC in coordination with AP Forest Department and Vana Samrakshana Samithi(Tribal communities) has identified eight Eco-tourism destinations at Maredumilli (East Godavari District), Nelapattu (Nellore District), Mamandur, Talakona, Nanniyal (Chittoor District), Balapalli (Kadapa District), Ettipotala (Guntur District), Kambala Konda (Visakhapatnam District). Eco-tourism package would involve Nature Treks, Wildlife Tourism and Jungle Stays. Transport to and fro the destination will be provided by APTDC. Vana Samrakshana Samithi (community) will provide accommodation, guide services and food.

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A.P. Forest Department will provide infrastructure under Community Forest Management (CFM).

On-going Tourism projects: a) Budget Hotel at Nizamabad with a cost of Rs.6.00 crores is in progress. b) Development of Tourist facilities and amenities at Anantha Padmanabha Swamy Temple at Ananthagiri, Ranga Reddy District and Alampur, Mahabubnagar District c) Development of Eco and Adventure Tourism Resort at Ananthagiri, Ranga Reddy District is nearing completion. d) Development of Eco Jungle camp at Ananthagiri, Ranga Reddy District in an area of 213 acres. e) Development of River Cruise Circuit on River Godavari and Krishna at a cost of Rs.425.95 lakhs is in progress. f) Adventure and Heritage Tourism Center at Gandikota with an estimated cost of Rs.2.53 crore is nearing completion. g) Development of Eco-park at Edupulapaya Village is in progress. h) Construction of additional Blocks at Srisailam and Mahanandi in Kurnool District is in progress. i) Development of Adventure Tourism at Puligundu, Chittoor District is in progress. j) Development of Eco-Tourism Center at Pulicat, Nellore District is nearing completion. k) Development of Buddhist circuit including major developments at Nagarjunsagar, Chandavaram, Amaravathi and Undavalli is in progress. l) Development of Visakhapatnam Beach Circuit is in progress.

IT Promotion Andhra Pradesh has emerged as a State that provides the right climate for the growth of IT business and is now one of the most preferred destinations in the Country. A.P. is at present home for major MNC - IT giants and Fortune 500 companies, such as Microsoft, Google, IBM, Oracle, DELL, Deloitte, Convergys, UBS, Bank of America, HSBC, Wipro, Infosys, HCL, Honeywell, Siemens, Cognizant, Sonata, Mahendra British Telecom, Patni, Celestica, Unisys, and many more. As a growth engine, IT sector in A.P. is making steady strides for rapid socioeconomic development of the State. The performance for the year 2008-09 is as follows: Exports: Despite economic slowdown, the State continued to maintain high growth rates in the IT sector. For the year 2008-09, the IT sector recorded an export growth rate of 24.5% as against the national average of 20.65%, with the exports turnover of Rs.32,509 crores. IT sector contributes to about 52.09% of total exports from all sectors in the State. AP State ranked fourth in IT performance in the Country. The share of IT exports from the State of Andhra Pradesh occupies 15% of national IT exports. Employment: As of 2008-09, IT sector created gainful direct IT employment to 2,51,786 as against the All India IT/ITES employment generation of 22,00,000(AP Share 11.44%). It is estimated by NASSCOM (National Association of Software & Service Companies) that every direct job in IT creates four indirect jobs. IT Companies registered in AP with STPI: As of 2008-09, there are 1,206 IT/ITES companies registered in A.P with STPI. During 2008-09, 69 IT/ITES companies registered with STPI, with a total projected investment of Rs.510 crores, as against 616 companies registered in the country.

*** INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & COMMUNICATIONS

7.12 Government of Andhra Pradesh aspires to transform the State into a Knowledge Society and make available the benefits of Information Technology (IT) to the last mile of the State and to all citizens, especially those in rural areas.

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The growth of IT in the State from 1997-98 till 2008-09 shown in Table 7.5. Table 7.5 Growth of Information Technology Year 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 Exports (Rs. Crores) Year wise 284 574 1,059 1,917 2,907 3,668 5,025 8,270 12,521 18,582 26,122 32,509 No. of Employees (Cumulative) 8700 12000 25,500 48,700 64,000 71,445 85,945 1,26,920 1,51,789 1,87,450 2,39,000 2,51,786

Source: Software Technology Parks of India, Hyd.

IT Promotion and Policy The Government announced first Information Technology (IT) Policy for promoting the IT Industry and IT Enabled Services in the State in May,1999. The IT Policy was modified and revised as Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Policy subsequently in June, 2002. The present ICT Policy came into force in May, 2005 and is effective for 5 years. The objective of the present ICT Policy is that the State of AP is to become a leading destination for investments in ICT and a major player in the information economy. Salient Features of ICT Policy 2005-2010: (1) Incentives and facilitation: ICT Policy 2005-10 provides the following incentives for encouraging setting up of IT companies in the State: i) Allotment of lands to IT MNCs/IT Majors in Hyderabad and Tier-2 locations subject to fulfillment of the eligibility criteria and availability of lands. ii) IT/ITES units are exempt from the purview of the AP Pollution Control Act except in respect of power generation sets. 99

iii) IT/ITES units/ companies and nonhazardous hardware manufacturing industry consisting of IT & Electronics are declared as essential service. iv) IT/ITES units/ companies are exempt from the purview of statutory power cuts. v) General permission for three shift operations with women working in the night for IT/ITES units/ companies. vi) Power: IT industry is classified as industrial unit for the purpose of levying the industrial power tariff. vii) Stamp Duty: 100% reimbursement of stamp duty, transfer duty and Registration fee paid by IT Industry & Telecommunication companies. This incentive shall be allowed one time on the first transaction only. viii) Zoning regulations: IT/ITES units/ companies are exempt from the zoning regulations and from the payment of conversion fee. ix) Patent Filing Costs: Reimbursement of the cost of filing patents to companies having their headquarters in Andhra Pradesh for successfully receiving patents to a maximum of Rs.2 Lakhs per patent awarded. x) Quality certification: Reimbursement of 20% of expenditure incurred for obtaining quality certifications for CMM Level 2 upwards upto to a maximum of Rs.4 lakhs. xi) IT Industry is exempt from inspections under the following Acts and the Rules framed there under, barring inspections arising out of specific complaints. The IT units are permitted to file self-certificates, in the prescribed formats. (a) The Factories Act 1948. (b) The Maternity Benefit Act 1961. (c) The AP Shops & Establishments Act 1988. (d) The Contract Labour (Regulation & Abolition) Act 1970. (e) The Payment of Wages Act 1936. (f) The Minimum Wages Act 1948. (g) The Employment Exchanges (Compulsory Notification of Vacancies) Act 1959.

(2) Special package for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): In addition to above general incentives, IT SMEs - IT Industry units/companies with turnover less than Rs.10 crores and above Rs.1 crore per annum - are eligible for the following special incentives: a. Power: 25% rebate on power tariff in the first three years of the operations and conversion to Industrial Power Tariff. b. Reimbursement of 50% Exhibition subsidy for participating in the international exhibitions limited to 9 sq., mts., of space, in respect of the stall rent payable for participation in international events notified by the IT&C Department. c. Rs.10 Lakhs as recruitment assistance for employing minimum 100 employees in IT and 200 employees in ITES within one year of commencement of commercial operations in Hyderabad and around upto 50 kms. This incentive will not be available if the incentive Rebate on cost of land is availed. (3) Incentives for Mega Projects: A special package of incentives and special dispensation, including allotment of Govt / APIIC land on reasonable consideration, offered for mega projects, subject to certain guidelines and eligibility criteria. Such projects will be defined as projects creating employment of more than 1,000 in the case of IT and 1,500 in the case of ITES. Alternatively, an investment of Rs.50 crores and above will be considered as a mega project. (4) Incentives in Tier-II locations: Besides the general incentives mentioned above, IT companies set up in Tier-II locations are eligible for the following additional incentives: 1. A subsidy of Rs.50 lakhs to the first five anchor IT / ITES companies employing more than 250 employees in IT or 500 employees in ITES in any Tier-II location. 2. Rs.15 Lakhs as recruitment assistance for employing minimum 100 employees in IT and 200 employees in ITES within

two years of commencement of commercial operations in the Tier-II city. IT/ITES units/ companies can avail any one of the above incentives only. This incentive is not available for the IT/ITES units/companies availing Rebate on the Cost of Land. A company in Hyderabad should start new operations 100 Kms, away from the present location but within the state. The distance between two units should be 100 Kms, for being considered as a new unit. New IT companies commencing operations for the first time in AP should be 100 kms., away from Hyderabad for availing the incentive. IT Promotion Initiatives (A) Provision of Infrastructure: Creation of state-of-the art Plug & Play and Walk-to-Work kind of office environment, suiting to the requirements of the IT sector, through development of physical infrastructure, is the need of the hour. For this purpose, the following initiatives are being taken up: (i) Promotion of IT SEZs: Special Economic Zone (SEZ) Policy is promoted by Govt of India, Ministry of Commerce, vide SEZ Act, 2005. SEZ is a specifically delineated enclave treated as foreign territory for the purpose of industrial, service and trade operations, with relaxation in customs duties and a more liberal regime in respect of other levies, foreign investments and other transactions. SEZ can be set up in an area of 10 hectares or 25 acres with a minimum built up processing area of 1 lakh square meters and at least 50% of area shall be earmarked for developing processing area. 59 IT/ITES SEZs, highest in any state in the country, got approvals of GOI and coming up in the State of Andhra Pradesh. Out of 59 IT/ITES SEZs in AP, 39 have been notified. As on 2008-09, 12 notified IT/ITES SEZs with 22 units are functioning and operational in the State with an investment of Rs.3739.29 crores, creating an employment for 15,029 IT professionals.

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(ii) IT Parks: IT parks are promoted in an area of 2000 sq mts onwards, with 60% of the net developable/usable area for IT office space for IT activities subject to certain terms and conditions stipulated in the ICT policy. As of now, 26 IT infrastructure facilities/areas, being developed by private developers/ infrastructure providers, have been accorded Notified IT Park Status. (iii)Proposal for Setting up of Information Technology Investment Regions (ITIR): Basing on the recommendations of the high level group on services sector of Planning Commission, to promote investment in the Information Technology (IT), Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES) and Electronic Hardware Manufacturing (EHM) units, Government of India, in May 2008, has announced Policy Resolution for setting up of Information Technology Investment Regions (ITIR) in various parts of the country and solicited proposals from the State Governments, in this regard. ITIR is a specifically delineated investment region with a minimum area of 40 sq.kms (10,000 acres) planned for establishment of IT, ITES and Electronic Hardware manufacturing units/facilities along with associated services and infrastructure. ITIR aims to attract major investment through provision of state of the art infrastructure and a transparent and investment friendly policy to investors, thereby augmenting exports and generation of employment. Government of India extends certain benefits to ITIR including Viability Gap Funding (VGF) for making available the external physical infrastructure linkages to the ITIR including roads, airports, telecom and rail in a time bound manner. It is proposed that the infrastructure will be created / upgraded through Public Private Partnership mode to the extent possible. Central Government will provide the necessary VGF through existing scheme and where ever necessary, requisite budgetary provisions for these linkages through the public sector will also be made. In order to promote the ITIR in the State and to prepare feasibility study for submission of necessary proposals to Government of India, 101

through tendering process, M/s. Price Water House Coopers Pvt. Ltd has been identified as consultant for conducting the techno economic feasibility study. After studying various locations in the State and analyzing the strengths and weaknesses thereon, PWC has furnished draft delineation proposal for setting up of an ITIR in an area of 187 sq.kms broadly covering the areas of (i) Madhapur, Gachibowli and other areas in erstwhile Cyberabad Development Authority (CDA) (ii) Mamidipalli, Raviryal, Kancha Imarat, Tukkuguda and Maheshwaram in the erstwhile Hyderabad Airport Development Authority (HADA) and (iii) Uppal and Pocharam alongwith (iv) the periphery of a part of Outer Ring Road in Greater Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority(HMDA) area. The proposed ITIR delineation include the existing clusters of IT layouts, IT SEZs, IT Parks, IT projects and Campuses of IT Companies, Hardware Park, Electronic SEZ, etc. Soon after the proposal is firmed up, the final project report on ITIR along with necessary documentation shall be furnished to Government of India for their approval. (B)Revision of ICT Policy: Efforts are being taken to bring out the revised ICT Policy. Gaming and Animation Park (GAP): In order to provide thrust to the sunrise area i.e., gaming and animation in IT enabled services, the State Government is embarked upon providing necessary initiative for promotion of Gaming and Animation activity in the state and to attract the reputed Gaming and Animation companies as well as training academies to come to the State of Andhra Pradesh and locate their operations. A detailed proposal is being prepared in association with National Association of Software & Service Companies (NASSCOM) in this regard. Promotion and percolation of IT to Tier-II and Tier-III locations in the State: The human talent comes basically from rich hinterland of AP, i.e. Rural areas and from the families of farmers. It is estimated that significant percentage of the working population in BPO industry comes from rural

areas. Percolation and promotion of the growth of IT to the other regions in the State is therefore essential. As such, other cities in the State like Warangal, Visakhapatnam, Kakinada, Vijayawada, Kadapa, Kurnool and Tirupati have been identified and are being promoted as IT Hubs in the State. Visakhapatnam has already taken off and the rest will be transformed into IT Hubs in the near future. Government is promoting IT/ITES productspecific SEZs in Kadapa, Kakinada, Warangal, Karimnagar, Vijayawada and Tirupati. Human Resource Development Jawahar Knowledge Centres (JKCs). Jawahar Knowledge Centers (JKC) is a unique Human Resource promotion initiative of the government. It started in 2004 and is first of its kind in the Country. JKC program is being run by the Institute for Electronic Governance (IEG), a Society under IT&C Department in close coordination and association with IT Industry and Government. Salient Features of JKCs: JKC aims to improve the quality of education through imparting suitable skills and enable potential gainful employment to the engineering/MCA graduates. JKCs are established in reputed engineering / MCA colleges across the State to increase the standards of higher education. Every institution that is registered for JKC should assist IEG in imparting employable skills to the JKC registered students of their institution, provide necessary facilities for organizing the workshops for their faculty members as well as students. In JKCs, the students are trained in various technical skills, soft skills, project management skills and communication skills by JKC faculty members and IEG IT Associates in parallel to their academics for a period of 2- 3 years. JKCs thus provides the best human resource trained in the relevant skills required by the Industry. It bridges the gap between the student curriculum knowledge and Industry desired skills. JKC students who are selected for various 102

companies through campus recruitments would attend 4 month training in their last semester and work on some real time projects. They gain the practical experience facing real life scenarios like teamwork, time management, effective way of developing software applications, etc. JKC, therefore, provides an opportunity to the students learning beyond the curriculum and the text book theories through the mode of Learning by doing, along with Learning by listening. So far, 490 Engineering / MCA colleges and 356 Degree colleges have been registered under JKC since 2004 and 2,01,320 students have been trained since the JKC inception. Project for Government departments: IEG is developing software applications for various Government departments such as Agriculture, Labour and Employment Department, APSHCL, APSTC, APUSB, AP Housing (The MIS application for phase II of Indiramma program) etc. The development of this MIS package is completed and it is being implemented in the state. Test of English as a Foreign Language was conducted for 260 batches, with 36-38 students per batch in 9 centers across the state. AP Broad Band Network With a view to connect all government offices across the state, Government have entered into agreement with consortium led by M/s. Aksh Broad Band Ltd., selected through bid process to provide Broad Band Services to 40,000 offices spread over the state. This will enable all the government departments to deliver convenient citizen services through e-Seva centers. Rajiv Kiosks and web basis services special purpose vehicle is formed and 7 district head quarters are equipped. The implementation was stopped due to disputes among the consortium partners. The matter is pending in the court and company law board. Alternatively, Government is creating new G-G SWAN connecting the State Capital to all District Head quarters (DHQs) with 8 Mbps bandwidth connecting all DHQs to State Head Quarters and extends beyond DHQs up to MHQs with 2 Mbps. The new

Network will be completely IP based and provide Voice, Data and Video Communications to all Government Offices. M/s. TCIL has been selected as Consultant for the project. The tender process is completed and M/s. TCS has been identified as service provider and implementation is under progress. APNET/SAPNET Government of Andhra Pradesh as a part of its objective to harness the potential of IT has established a Satellite based communications Network to be utilized in the areas of District Education, Tele Medicine, Agriculture Extension, E-Governance, Awareness amongst self help groups and Human Resource Development. An earth station is functioning since 2002, utilizing the INSAT-III B Satellite using Ku Band. SAPNET, an autonomous society is running the operations. The Earth Station has capability of 5 Video Channels and one data channel. A State-of-art digital studio is functional and utilization of live interactive channel has increased. All MPDOs are equipped with Mana TV; receive only terminals and more than 10,000 remotes are deployed as of now. Present Status: All the 5 channels are used for transmission and their details are as below: Channel 1: Shared by School, Collegiate, Technical and Medical Education. Channel 2: For live Interactive teaching of School, Collegiate, Technical and Medical Education. In addition, the channel is used by the Agriculture Department, Indira Kranthipatham and Police etc., for their interactive Video Conference. Channel 3: Dedicated to HRD and Social Sector programs. Channel 4: For Schools, Programs. Channel 5: JKCs through IEG. State Data Center GoAP is planning to build a State Data Center (SDC) in nearly 8,900 s.ft. to cater the needs of all the State Government departments initially providing rack space, and later to provide dedicated servers and 103

finally a Managed Data Center Services to include the Application Management. The construction of the building for the SDC has been completed at Manikonda in the premises of APIIC Financial District. DIT has allocated the Consultant (M/s PricewaterhouseCoopers) for this Project. DPR has been submitted to DIT in consultation with the consultant, based on which the allocations (Rs.55.75 crores both for Opex and Capex) have been made to the State and an amount of Rs.4.19 crores has already been transferred by DIT. The revised RFP as per the directions of DIT for SDC has been approved and has been issued. The bids (Pre-Qualification, Technical and Financial) have been submitted by the bidders and the evaluations are in progress. e-Seva Government of Andhra Pradesh have taken several initiatives in the arena of eGovernance with a view to take the benefit of Information technology to the common man. eSeva is one of the e-Governance initiatives, offers a wide spectrum of citizen-friendly services to save citizen to run around the various departments. It provides a one stop venue for services of various State and Central Government Departments in an efficient, reliable, transparent and integrated manner on a sustained basis through a chain of computerized Integrated Citizen Service Centres (ICSCs) and though internet i.e. www.esevaonline.com. eSeva a new paradigm in Citizen Services, provides online transaction processing of payments, issue of certificates, permits and licenses and many other services. It covers various departments like AP Transco, BSNL, HMWS&SB, GHMC Commercial Taxes, Transport, Revenue, Civil Supplies, AP Housing, DDCF, Passport Service etc., and certain Services of Private organization like IDEA, Tata, Airtel, WUMT etc. of both State Government and Central Government and other private agencies. Common Services Centre (CSC) Common Service Center (CSC) scheme is a Government of India initiative under National eGovernance Plan (NeGP) under the aegis of Department of Information

Technology, GOI. EDS is the Nodal Agency for implementing and monitoring this project in Andhra Pradesh. The CSC Scheme involves setting up of 4,687 ICT enabled centers in rural areas covering all the Districts/Mandals of the State. The scheme is being implemented on a Public Private Partnership (PPP) framework with a vision of providing all Government and other value added services to rural citizens in an integrated manner at his doorstep at an affordable cost. This Project would take one full year for completion and presently 3 Service Centre Agencies (SCAs) which have undertaken the setting up of CSCs, primarily based on Franchisee Model. Other models are also being worked out by the Department for faster roll-out of the CSCs and for better sustainability. It is also proposed to extend the connectivity of Urban e-Seva centres to the CSCs for offering the available services with them to the CSCs, and the relevant solution is in the final stages of testing. CSCs are envisioned as the front-end delivery points for Government, Private and Social Sector services to rural citizens of India. The idea is to develop a platform to integrate their Social and Commercial goals for the benefit of rural population in the remotest corners of the country through a combination of IT as well as Non-IT Services. APONLINE APONLINE is an e-governance gateway for the Government of Andhra Pradesh (GoAP) offering multiple services through a single window to citizens. It is a best-of-breed portal, developed and launched by Government of Andhra Pradesh (GoAP) in partnership with TCS Tata Consultancy Services, as a Joint Venture. APONLINE is accessible through multiple delivery channels, at home and offices on anytime anywhere basis to deliver citizen services. The convergence of services viz., interactive services, payment services through various Delivery Channels/Kiosks is helping citizens to make multiple utility bill payments at the same counter through credit cards/debit cards, cash, DD and cheques for payment. 104

Apart from the above, information pertaining to 34 departments and 258 HODs, Corporations and Agencies of Government of Andhra Pradesh, is hosted on APOnline and the information is updated on regular basis. 1100 Toll-free Call Centre Government a Call away Launched as Agriculture Call Centre in July 2003 and subsequently extended to include services of all Govt. Departments from February 2004. Operating with a Toll-free number 1100 within AP and functioning on 24 hours 365 days a year. Operating with 30 seats and a capacity to take 10,000 calls a day. Services provided at the call centre include expert advice on agriculture related queries on Crop Production, Soil Science, Agricultural Chemistry, Genetics and Plant Breeding Crop Protection Entomology and Plant Pathology. Horticulture Information on Marketing prices, location wise Information on Seeds, Pesticides, Fertilizers availability, by Scientists from Dr.Acharya N.G Ranga Agricultural University and officers from Agriculture Department. Services such as registration of grievances related to INDIRAMMA Housing scheme and Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) are provided on charge basis. Information calls pertaining to verification of name in Electoral Rolls, issue of voter ID cards, poll irregularities, election code violation are also received at the call centre and registered in Citizen to Government Interface portal (www.ap.gov.in/c2g). These calls are registered and forwarded to the CEO and or District Collectors and SPs as the case may be. Call registration and call status details are provided through SMS and email. New Toll free Number for Drought related calls Based on the request of Revenue (Disaster Management) Department, a new Toll free No. 1800-425-1110 accessible to subscribers of all telecom service providers, was taken at Parishkaram call center. This number became operational w.e.f. 31.08.2009 exclusively to attend to grievance calls related to drought. The Citizen-2-Government Interface application was modified to register drought

related grievance calls also. Total calls received by the Call Center since inception are more than 26.52 lakh till October 2009. Of these, 1.18 lakh calls pertain to citizen grievances related to Agriculture, Municipal, Health, Housing etc. Average calls received in a month are more than 40000. The call center handles 1300 calls per day on an average which may go up to 20000 calls, during announcement of examination results. e-Procurement eProcurement is one of the core eGovernance initiatives. It automates the procurement and purchase procedures of AP Govt. starting from demand aggregation to procurement and fulfillment of contract. The basic objective of this project is to use the tools of IT to introduce best practices in electronic procurement across Govt. departments. The prime objectives of eProcurement are demand aggregation. Reduced inventory cost, consistent procurement procedures across departments, reduction in cost of procurement, transparency and effective tendering processes. A consortium led by M/s C1 India has been chosen to partner with GoAP based on competitive bidding. This project has demonstrated substantial savings to Govt., Depts., by way of attracting competitive bids, maintaining anonymity of bidders, decrease in tender cycle time besides empowering the contractors to file tenders remotely. In order to strengthen security and authentication the usage of Digital Certificate is made mandatory from 1st March 2005 for conducting transactions on the platform. Implementation: The platform is extensively used for procurement works by Irrigation Department, Roads and Buildings, Tribal Welfare Engineering Department, Panchayat Raj Engineering Departments, AP Police Housing Corporation, Public Health Engineering Department, HMWS&SB. Present Status: So far, 27 Departments, 41 PSUs and Corporations, 15 Universities and 128 Urban local bodies are using the eProcurement service and they have successfully transacted 72,724 tenders with a 105

value aggregating to Rs.1,23,306 crores on the platform since its launch. Achievements: eProcurement has secured demonstrable and significant benefits by way of cost and time savings to the government, brought transparency and empowered the small and medium suppliers. The path breaking initiative has proved that transparency, fairness and equal opportunity to private entrepreneurs who bid for Govt. contracts, sell products or expertise to Govt. agencies will not only result in healthy competition, significant contribution to the economy but also makes significant social impact as a citizen assurance on transparent utilization of public funds. As a matter of fact the successful implementation of this initiative by the state of Andhra Pradesh has motivated the Govt. of India and several other state Governments to embark on eProcurement initiatives. It is actively sought to be replicated in other states as well. Some of the important benefits accrued are Significant cost savings in print media advertisement cost due to abridged tender notices; Elimination of supplier Cartels, Syndicates due to remote bidding; empowerment of small and medium bidders as the entire content and bid submission is online; significant reduction in tender process time from 3 to 4 months to 35 days due to automatic work flows and improved Institutional memory due to storage of electronic records etc. Awards received to the project include

Golden Icon Award from GOI in the Year 2003 for Exemplary eGovernance Initiative; The PC Quest Award for Best IT implementation in India (2005); Finalists for the Prime Ministers Award (2006) for excellence in Public Administration; NASSCOMs Best IT user Award (2006) and United Nations Public Service Award (2007).

***

8. SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
8.1 Improving social infrastructure for the sustainable and improved living stadards of people, is one of the prime objectives of the state. Besides, the development of economic infrastructure for the improvement in the living conditions of the people; more impetus is necessitated on social sector parameters like education, healthcare, nutrition, watersupply, housing, social security etc. In consonance with the commitment to ensure faster social development and achieving an inclusive pattern of growth, the Government continued its focus on social infrastructure towards meeting basic minimum requirements of the people especially towards higher levels of social justice in society in accordance with the goals of the Eleventh Five Year Plan. Population Andhra Pradesh is the fifth largest state in the Country, in terms of population. The state accounts for 7.2 per cent of the total population in the country in the year 2001, having declined from 8.3 per cent in 1961. The population of Andhra Pradesh almost quadrupled in the last century from 19.1 million in 1901 to 76.2 million in 2001. Out of which, 38.5 millions are males and 37.7 are females. The decadal growth of population was, in fact, below 15 per cent until 1961; it rose till 1991 and the growth rate 24.2 percent during 1981-91 was the highest ever recorded. Later, a dramatic decline, however, has been observed in the rate of growth of population which was only 14.6 percent during 19912001 and, was lower compared to the AllIndia rate, at 21.53 percent. Population-wise, the State occupies 5th rank in the country after Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar and West Bengal. Among the districts, East Godavari continues to be the most populous, least being Vizianagaram. Percentage decadal variation in population (district-wise) is given as Annexure 8.1. District-wise population and sex ratio are given in Annexure 8.2. Sex Ratio: Sex ratio is the number of females per 1,000 male population. The sex ratio in the state has shown decreasing trend till 1991. For the first time, the sex ratio has increased 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 106 marginally and it stood at 978 in 2001 as against 972 in 1991. The sex ratio in the state is higher than all India ratio of 933. The sex ratio continues to show a favourable trend in Nizamabad, Srikakulam and Vizianagaram districts. District-wise sex ratio is given in Annexure 8.2. Density Density of population is an important indicator. The state accounts for 8.37 percent of the countrys area and 7.41 percent of the countrys population. The density of the state is 277 persons/sq. km., as against 313 persons/sq. km. at all India level. Among the districts, the density of Hyderabad continues to be the highest with 19,149 persons per square kilometer. Adilabad and Khammam districts, which account for large forest area, continue to have the lowest population density. District-wise density of population is given in Annexure 8.3. Urbanization The percentage of urban population to the total population in the state is 27.30 percent in 2001 as compared to 26.89 percent in 1991. Among all the districts, Hyderabad obviously is the only district with maximum urban population. The next most urbanized district is Rangareddy with urban population of 54.20 percent. The least urbanized district is Mahabubnagar with only 10.57% of urban population. District-wise rural and urban population with percentage of urban population are given in Annexure 8.3. SC and ST population is given in Annexure 8.4 and 8.5 respectively. Literacy A person aged 7 years and above who can both read and write with understanding in any language is considered as Literate. The literacy rate of the state is 60.47 in 2001 as against 44.08 in 1991. The literacy rate of the state is lower than that of all India literacy rate at 64.84. The best record in literacy so far at both the national and state levels was during the nineties. The literacy rate in India increased from 52.2 to 65.4 per cent during 1991-2001. Whereas the decadal

improvement at the national level had been not more than 8 percentage points till 1991 and the nineties witnessed an improvement of 13.8 percentage points. Literacy in Andhra Pradesh increased over 16 percentage points during the 1990s from 44.1 per cent in 1991 to 60.47 percent in 2001. In spite of this faster rate of growth, the literacy rate in Andhra Pradesh is still lower than the allIndia average. While the literacy rate of Andhra Pradesh was about three-fourths of the all-India level in 1961, the state has made substantial progress subsequently, especially in the last two decades. While the overall literacy rate has gone up from 44.1 per cent in 1991 to 60.47 percent in 2001, the male literacy rate has increased from 55.1 to 70.32 per cent. What is encouraging is that the female literacy rate has gone up by more than 54 percent, i.e. from 32.7 percent in 1991 to 50.43 percent in 2001. Among the districts, Hyderabad is at the top with 78.80 percent. The least literate district is Mahabubnagar with 44.41 percent. District-wise literacy rate is given in Annexure 8.6.

of providing free and compulsory education to all the children from the age of 6 to 14 years. To make more effective and meaningful implementation of this obligation, elementary education is brought under Sarva Siksha Abhiyaan (SSA) to universalize elementary education. Similarly, secondary education has been brought under the flagship of Rashtriya Madhyamik Siksha Abhiyaan (RMSA). These two schemes are aimed at the strengthening of school education in terms of access, enrolment, retention and quality. ACCESS: For achieving universal access in school education, provision of schooling facilities is aimed at Elementary level should be within walkable distance of 1 km of all the habitations and Secondary level should be within the radius of 5 kms. In this regard, our state has achieved 99% access at elementary level and 85.03% at secondary level. Primary schools and secondary schools have started in areas not served earlier. During 2008-09, in the Elementary Education sector there were 65,609 Primary Schools and 14,942 Upper Primary schools and under Secondary Education there were 17,376 High Schools and 100 Higher Secondary schools. Management-wise Schools 2008-09 are shown in the Table 8.1.
Table 8. 1 Management-wise Schools 2008 09
Management Primary Upper Primary Hr. High Second Total Schools ary

SCHOOL EDUCATION
8.2 Education is key to sustainable development, peace and stability within and among countries, and an indispensable means for effective participation in the economy of the 21st Century, which is witnessing rapid globalization. While traditionally Education has meant children in schools, it is equally important to address the learning needs of adults. Education is a fundamental right, which leads for the road map to achieve the goal of Education for All. Over the years concerted efforts have been put in at state and national level to achieve this goal. As per Article 45 of the constitution of India Universalisation of Elementary Education is a directive principle of state policy to provide free and compulsory education for the children upto age of 14 years. As per the article 21A and 93rd Constitutional Amendment in 2009, education has become a fundamental right. This article clearly spells out the responsibility of the state to the extent 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 107

Central Govt. State Govt. MPP/ZPP Municipal Pvt.Aided

Pvt.Unaided

20 5,060 50,309 1,633 2,212 6,375 65,609

372 8,590 164 433 5,383 14,942

33 1,693 8,155 306 841 6,348 17,376

59 41 100

112 7,125 67,054 2,103 3,486 18,147 98,027

Total

Source: School Education Department

Enrolment: Several innovative strategies and interventions are being made to improve access to primary schools, which has resulted in, increased enrolment. The strategies adopted for universalisation of elementary education involves strengthening of the existing schools, opening new primary schools, establishment of alternative schools and other type of educational facilities in smaller and unserved habitations. With these interventions and several other programmes enrolment has significantly increased in all stages. There was an enrolment of 136.59 lakhs in the state as on 30-09-2008 in all types of schools in the state, out of which 56.86 lakhs were in Primary schools and 24.92 lakhs and 53.70 lakhs were in Upper Primary and High schools respectively. In Higher Secondary, there was an enrolment of about 1.11 lakh.The enrolment figures revealed that about 52.04% of the enrolled children are in Primary stage (I-V) where as 18.56% and 24.13% children enrolled are in upper primary (VI-VII) and secondary stage (VIIIX) respectively. Dropouts: Against the enrolment of school age group children into the schools, the problem of retention is observed at various levels. Due to various programmes implemented, the percentage of dropout is coming down over the years - the dropouts being 15.65% at Classes I-V (Primary Level) during 2008-09, while it was 43.63% during 1998-99. Similarly, in classes VI-VII (Upper Primary Level), the dropouts were 34.89% during 2008-09 while it was 62.63% during 199899. At classes VIII-X (Secondary Level), the dropouts were 60.73% during 2008-09 while it was 78.1% during 1998-99. The details of drop outs are given in Annexure 8.7. Teachers: Teacher is the most important human resource factor in the school education system, who acts as a facilitator for learning. Teacher is instrumental in developing knowledge, skills, attitudes and values among children at any stage of education. As such, teachers should be in position in 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 108

schools as per the optimum teacher-pupil ratio to achieve the goal of universal enrolment, retention and achievement of children. Keeping this in view, sustained efforts are being made by government ever since formation of Andhra Pradesh to provide teachers in all types of schools to maintain a reasonable teacher-pupil ratio. Rationalization of teachers, deployment of teachers, creation of new posts and massive recruitment of teachers helped in overcoming imbalances in the demand and supply of teachers. During 2008-09, there were 4,49,145 teachers in position in the state in all types of schools in the state. During 2008-09, 1,83,197 teachers were working in primary schools; 94,662 teachers were working in upper primary schools and 1,67,159 teachers were working in High schools. In higher secondary schools, 4,127 teachers were in position. Details of Teachers in schools are furnished in Table 8.2.
Table 8.2 Management-Wise Teachers in 2008-09 Year Central Govt. State Govt. Mandal Parishad Municipal Pvt.Aided Pvt. Unaided Total: Primary Schools 186 10,130 1,11,696 3,872 6,702 50,611 1,83,197 Upper Primary Schools 1,737 41,856 687 2,554 47,828 94,662 High Schools 581 18,833 69,649 3,642 8,190 66,264 1,67,159
Higher Second ary Schools

1,898 2,229 4,127

Source: School Education Department

Teacher Pupil Ratio: A major element of approach in strengthening education will be to improve current learning levels by lowering the teacher pupil ratio. Government have already committed itself to fill-up all the existing teacher vacancies and sanction the additional posts necessary to achieve teacher pupil ratio

of 1: 40. The Teacher Pupil Ratio (with Vidya Volunteers) for Primary, Upper primary and High Schools are shown in Table 8.3.
Table 8.3 Teacher Pupil Ratio Year 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 Primary 45 41 37 35 29 28 29 28 27 Upper Primary 38 39 33 31 25 25 24 23 22 High School 34 34 29 31 30 30 29 28 29

subjects from SSC Examinations, March 2010. Government has issued orders for supply of Xerox copies of valued answer scripts in First Language and Second Language subjects to the candidates on payment basis from the SSC Public Examinations March, 2010 on wards. A decision was taken to introduce Grading System in SSC Public Examinations from March 2010 onwards. Mid-Day Meal Scheme Midday Meal Scheme is being implemented in the State from January 2003 to the children of classes I to VII and to the children of classes VIII to X from October, 2008. The main objectives of the program are to improve Nutritional status and to motivate the children to attend the school regularly, provide Nutritional Support to the children. During 2009-10, 86.07 lakh children are covered under this program. Out of which, 46.89 lakh are in Primary (I to V), 23.77 lakh in Upper Primary (VI to VIII) and 14.21 lakh children in High Schools (IX and X). Salient features of the scheme are : The menu is flexible. Mostly rice and Sambar is being given. Pulihora is also being given. Egg or banana is being given twice a week. DWCRA/CDS/SelfHelp Groups/SEC/Other agencies like temple, NGOs of proven track record, charitable trusts/group of parents (in this order of preference) are identified by the MROs are the implementing agencies in rural areas. In Urban areas, the implementing agencies are, Community development societies (CDS)/NGOs/Urban SHGs / DWCUA/SEC/ Other Agencies like Temples/NGOs of proven track record/ charitable trusts/Group of Parents (in this order of preference) are identified by a committee headed by the MRO. The MDM Programme is being implemented through M/s Naandi Foundation in twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad 1.50 lakhs children in 891 schools and 300 Schools in Visakhapatnam City and through 109

Source: School Education Department

The details of number of Schools, Enrolment and Teachers are given in Annexure 8.8. Examination Results: In assessing the efficiency of educational system, performance of students at different levels of education has been conventionally considered as an indicator of achievement. The internal efficiency of education system depends upon the number of pupils who successfully complete a given cycle of education. Completion of a given education cycle depends on the performance and achievement of the students in the examination of the terminal class in that cycle. Hence, the number of students appearing and passing the VII class common examination at the end of upper primary stage and S.S.C. Examination at the end of secondary stage (cycle) play a significant role. The percentage pass of students in S.S.C examinations during 2008-09 is 78.83 which is higher than the previous year pass of 75.47%. Year wise performance in S.S.C Examinations is furnished in Annexure 8.9. Examination Reforms This year, a decision was taken to implement OMR Bar Coding system in all

8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702

ISKCON in Tirupati Municipality covering 75 primary Schools, in Tadipatri 23 primary Schools. ICT @ 1300 Schools Computerization Project The computer education Programme is under implementation in 5000 schools from 200809. The Computer education Programme Under Centrally Sponsored Scheme with 75% and 25% share of Central and State Government is being implemented in 1300 high schools for five years from 2009-10 with an objective to provide computer knowledge to the students of VI X classes. DSC-2008 Teachers Recruitment The DSC-2008 Teacher recruitment test was notified in the month of December, 2008 and the posts of 11,674 School Assistants, 6,314 Language Pandits and 2,504 Physical Education Teachers were filled up in the month of October, 2009. Vocationalization of Secondary Education The Scheme of Vocational Education was introduced in Andhra Pradesh during the year 1984-85 and 1985-86. The main objective of the Scheme is to make the pupils learn but also to equip them with latest skills required for gainful employment. Vocational Education is imparted in 297 High Schools of Government, Zilla Parishad, Municipal and Aided Managements in the State. 28 Mandal Vocational Educational Centers are functioning in the State. Vocational Education is imparted to 34,800 children studying in classes VIII, IX and X in High Schools. Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme with an objective to achieve a General Enrolment Ratio (GER) of 75% in Classes IX and X within 5 years. 10,187 High Schools (8,155 Zilla Parishad, 306 Municipal, 1,726 Government) with 32,49,900 Children are being covered under the Scheme. A Society was registered under AP Societies Act, 2001 called Andhra Pradesh Secondary Education Society in October,2009 at 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 110

Hyderabad to implement the RMSA and related Schemes. Physical Targets of the Scheme To improve enrolment ratio for IX and X classes from 65% to 100% Strengthening of existing secondary schools. Appointment of additional teachers. Construction of additional classrooms. Government of India will bear 75% Project Expenditure as Central Share and 25% will be met by the State Government as State Share during 11th Five Year Plan (2007-08 to 2011-12) Civil Works: To improve the quality of Secondary education, the department has taken up several initiatives. One of them is improving the existing infrastructure and Creating new infrastructure facilities in all High Schools under Government sector. Government have accorded sanctions for improving the infrastructure facilities in High Schools / Institutional buildings under the following ongoing schemes. 1.Construction of additional infrastructure facilities in 1,176 High School with an estimated cost of Rs. 302.99 crores under RIDF-XI, NABARD 2.Repairs to High School buildings with an estimated cost of Rs.90.00 crores under XII Finance Commission 3.Construction of additional infrastructure facilities in 135 High School with an estimated cost of Rs.120.27 crores under RIDF-XI, NABARD. Community Participation: (School Management Committee) For the first time in the country, Government of Andhra Pradesh have enacted Community Participation Act 1998 involving the community in school management. Resources are transferred to School Committees empowering them to plan, manage and promote quality education. In terms of 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments, the Sarpanches/Ward

Councilors have been made the Chairpersons of the School Management Committees. District Institute Training (DIET): of Education and

District and Andhra Pradesh Residential Educational Institutions Society (APREIS) . Modernisation of Madarasa Education: The scheme of Modernisation of Madarasa education is implemented in State with 100 per cent central assistance with an objective to encourage traditional institutions like Madarasas and Makhtabs to introduce modern subjects of Science, Mathematics, Social Studies and English in their curriculum. Financial assistance is provided towards salaries of teachers teaching modern subjects in urdu in these centers @ Rs. 3000/- per month per teacher (i.e., Rs. 36,000 per annum per teacher) restricted to two teachers in the centers. Voluntary Organisations/ Societies/Trusts which are registered under Central/State /Government and Act of Wakf Boards and which are in existence for the past three years are eligible to apply for assistance under the scheme. Improvement of Urdu Education Appointment of Urdu Teachers: The Objective of the scheme is to provide financial support to the State/Union Territories/ Governments for appointing Urdu Teachers/Honorarium to existing teachers for teaching Urdu to the students with a view to promote Urdu in the State/Union Territories wherever necessary. The Central Assistance (100% CSS) on approved pattern shall be admissible to the State Government for appointment of Urdu teachers on new posts and giving honorarium to the existing Urdu Teachers for teaching Urdu in Schools. The Scheme is being implemented in 9 areas/ blocks identified by the Government of India as Educationally Backward Minorities concentrated areas viz.., Kurnool, Nandyal, Atmakur in Kurnool District, Kadapa, Rayachoti in Kadapa District, Kadiri in Anantapur District, Musheerabad in Hyderabad District, Bodhan in Nizamabad District and Zaheerabad in Medak District.

Government has upgraded 23 Teacher Training Institutes into District Institute of Education and Training (DIET) in phased manner. In 13 DIETs, Urdu medium parallel sections are functioning and 65 lecturer posts have been sanctioned. The Tamil Medium parallel section with intake of 50 is functioning at DIET, Chittoor at Karvetinagar. Education for Minorities: The Government of Andhra Pradesh is committed to the advancement and upliftment of Minorities in the State. With a view to promoting Urdu Language in the State, 300 Urdu teacher Posts have been created additionally in 1997-98 and continued. Further, three more schemes are under implementation for the welfare of Muslim Minorities as detailed below. Area Intensive Programme Educationally Backward Minorities: for

A programme of action under National Education Policy suggested area approach for upliftment of educationally backward minorities and accordingly formulated a 100% Centrally Sponsored scheme of Area Intensive Programme to be implemented in 9 blocks, identified by Government of India as concentrated areas of educationally backward minorities. The identified blocks are Musheerabad (Hyderabad), Zaheerabad (Medak), Bodhan (Nizamabad), Kurnool, Atmakur, Nandyal (Kurnool), Kadiri (Anantapur), Kadapa and Rayachoty (Kadapa) in the state. Under the Scheme funds were released to Provide infrastructure facilities like construction of additional class rooms, drinking water, toilets, electricity, computers and teaching learning material during 10th plan period. An amount of Rs, 3878.25 lakhs has been released by the Government to the above 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 111

Rajiv Vidya Mission

Rajiv Vidya Mission, Andhra Pradesh is implementing three schemes viz. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), National Programme for Education of Girls at

Elementary Level (NPEGEL) and Kasturba Gandhi Baalika Vidyalayas (KGBVs) in the State for Universalisation of Elementary Education. The achievements are detailed below:

A. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan has been introduced during 2001-02, with an aim to provide useful and relevant Elementary Education for all children in the 6 to 14 age group. Besides, the SSA intends to bridge social, regional and gender gaps, with the active participation of the community in the management of schools. SSA has now been renamed as Rajiv Vidya Mission. Pattern of Funding: 75:25 between GOI and State Govt. upto 2006-2007, 65:35 between GOI and State Govt. in 2007-08 and 2008-09 and 60:40 between GOI and State Govt. in 2009-10. Coverage: 2001-02 in East Godavari, West Godavari, Krishna and Hyderabad and from 2002-03 onwards in all 23 districts in the State. Objectives: All children in school, Education Guarantee Centre, Alternative School, Back-to-School camp. All children complete eight years of elementary schooling. Focus on elementary education of satisfactory quality with emphasis on education for life. Bridge all gender and social category gaps at elementary education level Universal retention. 2) Interventions: 1. Opening of Primary Schools 2. Upgradation of Primary schools into Upper Primary Schools 3. Upgradation of EGS/ALS to Primary Schools 4. Regular Teachers to New Schools Primary and Upper Primary Schools 5. Additional Teachers to existing Primary and Upper Primary Schools 6. Civil Works Construction of School Buildings, Addl. Classrooms, MRC Buildings, Rooms for School Complexes, provision of Compound wall, Toilets, 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 112

Electrification and drinking water facilities. 7. Strengthening of Mandal Resource Centres and Teacher Centres 8. Maintenance grant to Schools with own buildings. 9. Grant to Schools and Teacher Grants 10. Teaching Learning Equipment to New Primary and Upper Primary Schools 11. Training to Teachers 12. Innovations Girls Education, Early Childhood Education, Education of SCs, STs, Minority, Urban deprived Children and Computer Education for U P Schools. 13. Research, Evaluation, Supervision and Monitoring. 14. Support to Children with Special Needs. 15. Training of Community Leaders 16. Interventions for Out of School Children B. National Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Level (NPEGEL) Government of India launched a new programme called National Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Level (NPEGEL) in 2003 as an amendment to the scheme of Sarva Siksha Abhiyan for providing additional components for the education of girls at elementary level. Objectives: To develop and promote facilities to provide access and to facilitate retention of girls and to ensure greater participation of women and girls in the field of education. To improve the quality of education through various interventions and to stress upon the relevance and quality of girls education for their empowerment. Coverage: 661 Educationally Backward mandals in 23 districts where female literacy rate is less than 46.13 of national average and gender gap is more than 21.59 as per 2001 census selected for implementation of the programme. Notified urban slums are also eligible for NPEGEL programme implementation.
NPEGEL programme is being implemented on Model Cluster School approach in a decentralized manner.

Model Cluster School (MCS): A Model Cluster School is a model girl-child friendly High school or Upper Primary school at cluster level identified in all the Educationally Backward Mandals. In all the 661 Educationally Backward Mandals, 5765 MCSs were identified. Each cluster is having about 5-10 habitations and on an average each block consists of 8-10 clusters. This girl-child friendly infrastructure is used by all the schools in that cluster, on rotation. Major interventions under the program: A non - recurring grant worth Rs.30,000/- is provided to every Model Cluster School for purchasing Library Books, Vocational Equipments and Games and Sports material. A recurring grant Rs.60,000/- per annum will be available to each cluster to implement additional interventions for promotion of girls education viz.,Remedial and supportive material for slow learners, Bridge Camps, Honorarium to part time volunteers, ECCE centres, Training to teachers on gender sensitization etc. C. Kasturba Gandhi Baalika Vidyalaya (KGBV) Government of India launched a new scheme during 2004-05 called Kasturbha Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas (KGBV) with boarding facilities at elementary level for girls belonging predominantly to SC, ST, BC and Minorities in Educationally Backward Blocks in the state. Objectives: To ensure access and quality education to the girls of disadvantaged groups of society by setting up Residential Schools with boarding facilities at Elementary level. To provide quality education for dropped out girls in low female literacy mandals by mainstreaming from Residential Bridge Course Centers. KGBVs are being run by different Residential Educational Institutions Societies such as Andhra Pradesh Residential Educational Institutions Society (APREIS), Andhra Pradesh Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society (APSWREIS), Andhra Pradesh Tribal 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 113

Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society (APTWREIS) and Disabled Welfare Department. Achievements Access and coverage of out of School Children I. Access To provide access to school less habitations, 2,799 Education Guarantee Centers (EGS) were opened during the academic year 200910 covering 60,838 children. II. Coverage of out of school children As against the target of 1,71,414 out of school children, 1,07,839 covered through the different strategies. Badi-Bata 2009-10 Badi Bata (Enrolment Drive) was conducted in all the habitations in the state from 12th to 27th June 2009. During the campaign 12,02,934 children who have completed 5 years were enrolled into 1st class. 58,530 out of school children and recent drop outs in the age group of 5-8 years were enrolled into regular schools directly. 12,35,910 children of 5th class and 11,25,833 children of 7th class were transited into 6th and 8th classes respectively. Samuhika Aksharabhyasam was conducted for the new entrants on 12th June, 2009. III. Support to Madarsas 966 Madarsas have been supported and 85,220 children are covered (Cumulative). 2,176 Vidya Volunteers are sanctioned. Training was provided to all Vidya Volunteers, Text books provided to all children from state funds. Mid day meal extended to all Madarsas on par with regular schools. IV. Inclusive Education The following activities were taken up under this intervention: 57 special Residential Bridge Course camps (RBCs) and 30 NRBCs are being run covering 3,106 out of school children with special needs.

3,568 children were mainstreamed in 2008-09 from Home Based Education and special RBCs. During the academic year 2009-10, 822 Resource Teachers (Special Educators) have been engaged to provide Home Based Education to 12,330 children belonging to severe and profound category. Aids and appliances were provided to 10,231 children. Barrier free access was provided to 31,559 schools by constructing ramps with rail. Corrective surgeries were done to 92 children who had minor problems in 2009-10. World Disabled Day is being organized every year in all mandals covering 78,357 schools across the state. During the celebrations, Gramsarpanches, MPTCs, ZPTCs, MLAs, MPs and other public representatives were participated. V. Civil works As against the target of 19,107 works, 8,458 works have been completed and the remaining 10,649 are in progress. VI. Teacher Training and Quality (A) Teacher Training:In service training was provided to 1,88,746 teachers during 2009-10 as against the target of 3,09,692. (B) Quality Initiatives:Programmes being implemented during 2009-10 Following are the programmes being implemented in the state in primary education under SSA. Several concerted efforts have been made to improve the quality of primary education in the state. Reforms have been planned and implemented to improve classroom processes, professional support to teachers, improving children performance etc. Following are the important reforms proposed and being implemented in primary education under SSA in the State. 1. Learning Enhancement Programme (LEP): A comprehensive quality programme is being implemented to address quality in a holistic and sustainable way viz., Learning Enhancement Programme (LEP). The focus is to address children achievement of basic 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 114

competencies in all subject areas from Class I to V, meaningful engagement of children in learning processes and appropriate professional support to the teachers for improved classroom processes. Following are the major components of LEP: i. Achievement of Class specific, subject specific essential learning competencies. i. Improved Teaching Learning Process 100% utilization of learning time and engagement of children Time-ontask. ii. Improved Assessment Procedures which are competency specific Oral, Written and Performance. iii. Performance Indicators Teacher, Head Master, MEO and other functionaries at System Level making them accountable with role clarity. iv. Improved participation of parents in school matters. Necessary material, modules have been developed on the LEP as above and adequate training was provided to all the teachers and field functionaries to implement the programme. Under LEP, grade specific and subject specific competencies have been identified and is being followed for providing competency specific learning process and undertaking competency based pupil assessment procedures. The children performance is being graded. 2. Grading of Schools based on Childrens performance: Schools are being graded into A, B, C, D based on children performance. This is being implemented under CLIP / CLAPS and also now in LEP. If 80% of children are able to perform the competencies of literacy and numeracy the school is graded as A The schools grades are being displayed in all schools for public reference. 3. Star Grading of schools based on School Functional Aspects (25 Performance Indicators): Schools are also graded based on school functional aspects against 25 Performance Indicators. The schools are graded from no star to 3 star.

4. Implementation of Mother Tongue based Multi Lingual Education in Eight Tribal Languages: Mother tongue based multi lingual education is being implemented in eight tribal languages viz., Savara, Kuvi, Adivasi Oriya, Gond, Kolami, Koya and Konda. Multi Lingual Education is a programme providing primary education in mother tongue of the tribal children and gradually moving to languages of wider communication i.e., regional language Telugu. Curriculum is based on local culture using local knowledge, customs and resources to make primary education more contextual and meaningful to the children. Curriculum reflects childs context, environment and culture. As a part of the programme, tribal dictionaries have been developed in eight tribal languages. The programme is being implemented since 2004 05 onwards on pilot basis and upscaled into monolingual schools during 2009 10. 5. Development of Children Literature and Strengthening of School Libraries: Development of Children Literature and strengthening of school libraries is one of the quality initiatives under SSA. This initiative is to develop reading habits among all children and make them independent readers. Habit of reading is the foundation for lifelong learning. 6. Community and Parent Participation in school matters through Academic Monitoring Committees: Considerable progress has been made in achieving universal enrolment and retention with the active participation of community. The focus has therefore been, now shifted to achievement of Quality with community participation. For this purpose, Academic Monitoring Committees (AMCs) have been constituted in all the schools. AMCs consist of parents of best performing and least performing children @ 2 per class. Sufficient representation is given to the focus groups i.e., SC, ST, OBC and Minorities. The Sarpanch of the Gram Panchayat is the Chairperson and the Head Master of the concerned school is the Member Convenor. AMCs meet every month to review and discuss issues of Quality, Infrastructure, 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 115

basic amenities etc., with teachers and Other stakeholders. Demonstration of children performance to the AMC members i.e., Reading, Writing, Arithmetic etc. Discussion on utilization of various grants released to schools and support to School Infrastructure, monitoring the quality of mid-day meal and children, teachers attendance etc are the other activities. 7. Computer Aided Learning(CAL): Computers were provided to 576 Upper Primary Schools @ 5 per school during 2008 09. So far, 3,063 schools covered under CAL Programme including the schools provided with computers under SSA, MPLADs, School Education etc., covering about four lakh children. 12 C.Ds consisting 64 titles replicated and provided to CAL schools. 8. Distance Education Trainings and Capacity building through Teleconferences: 3-days of teleconferencing per month is being organised in different interventions. About 2.5 lakh Teachers, Field Functionaries are participating. Teleconference receiving facility is being provided in school complexes and MRCs. Trainings and capacity building programmes for teachers and field functionaries are being organized by the State Level Resource Groups. The training strategies are panel discussions, interviews, showing video films and discussions, question hour to clarify the doubts raised by the participants. VII. Girls Education 1693 ECE centers were opened with an enrolment of 32066 children to make them ready for primary education. National Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Level (NPEGEL) programme is being implemented in all the 5,765 model clusters identified in 661 Educational Backward mandals. Various vocational training programmes such as preparation of sanitary napkins, embroidery works, preparation of candles, toys etc., were organized under NPEGEL.

Remedial teaching programme was organized to slow learners among girls by providing Vidya Volunteer and remedial material. 394 Kasturba Gandhi Baalika Vidyalayas (KGBVs) were operationalized with an enrolment of 40,231 girl children.

The details of district wise and category wise junior colleges functioning are given in Annexure 8.10. The status of Junior colleges functioning under various managements is shown in Table 8.4.
Table 8.4 Category and Number of Junior Colleges Category Government Junior Colleges Private Aided Junior Colleges Private Aided Composite Degree Colleges offering Intermediate Courses. Private Un-Aided Junior Colleges Exclusive Vocational Junior Colleges (Pvt.) Exclusive Vocational Junior Colleges (Govt.) Incentive Junior Colleges Others (APRJC, GOI, Social Welfare, etc) Total Source: - Intermediate Education Number 804 205 70 2,483 479 12 176 382 4,611

*** INTERMEDIATE EDUCATION

8.3 In 1964, an important policy decision was taken to the effect that the structure of the Secondary School system should be of 10 years duration instead of 11 years, and that it should be followed by two years Intermediate collegiate Education in place of the existing Higher Secondary and Multipurpose system. The Plus two stage Education was introduced in Andhra Pradesh under 10+2+3 pattern from 1969-70. The Directorate of Higher Education has been bifurcated into two Directorates i.e., Director of Intermediate Education and Directorate of Collegiate Education with effect from 1-11-1989. Directorate, Intermediate Education was established with the main objective of administrating the Intermediate colleges, particularly public funded institutions. There are 804 Government Junior Colleges and 12 Government Vocational Junior colleges under the administrative control of the Director of Intermediate Education. The functioning of 205 Private Aided Junior Colleges with regard to the utilization of the Grant-in-aid, service conditions and academic matters is also looked after by Director of Intermediate Education. Four Regional Joint Directors of Intermediate Education offices at regional level located at, Rajahmundry, Guntur, Kadapa and Warangal and 18 District Vocational Education officers at district level started functioning from the year 1999-2000. Conventional courses in Science, Arts, Commerce and Vocational Courses are offered at the Intermediate stage of Education,. 34 Vocational courses are also offered in 1244 Junior colleges in the field of Engineering and Technology, Agriculture, Home Science, Para-medical, Business and Commerce and Humanities. 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 116

Enrolment of Students The enrolment of students (as per fee paid to B.I.E.) both in conventional and vocational courses for last five years are shown in Table 8.5.
Table 8.5 Enrolment in Junior Colleges (Lakh students) Conventional Vocationa Total Year Courses l Courses 2005-06 6.26 0.30 6.56 2006-07 6.56 0.42 6.98 2007-08 7.04 0.47 7.51 2008-09 7.48 0.57 8.05 2009-10 7.84 0.68 8.52 Source: - Intermediate Education

Results of Intermediate Public Examination March 2009: a. General Courses: 8,40,010 candidates appeared for 2nd year I.P.E March 2009 for General Courses out of which 6,60,341 candidates are regular candidates and 1,79,669 are Private

Candidates. Out of the regular candidates 3,97,170 have passed. Of these, 1,71,973 have passed in A Grade, 1,40,610 in B Grade, 66,053 in C Grade and 18,730 have passed in D Grade. The overall pass percentage is 60.15%. Girls performance at 62% is better than that of boys at 58%. Out of 1,79,669 Private candidates, 44,132 candidates have passed (24.56%). b. Vocational Courses: 51,443 candidates appeared for 2nd year I.P.E March 2009 for Vocational Courses. Out of which 42,523 candidates are regular candidates and 8,920 are private candidates. Out of the regular candidates, 24,664 have passed. Of these 7,035 have passed in A Grade, 15,669 in B Grade, 1,889 in C Grade and 71 have passed in D Grade. The overall pass percentage is 58%. Girls performance at 64% is better than that of boys at 53%. Out of 8,920 Private candidates, 2,661 candidates have passed (30%). Abolition of Shift System in Government Junior Colleges: Earlier, 269 Government Junior Colleges were functioning under shift system. Significant reform measures have been introduced in public funded institutions in Intermediate Education in the last three years. With the concerted efforts made during the last two years, many Government Junior Colleges have been brought back to General / Regular working hours of 9.45 AM to 4.30 PM (i.e. 2 sessions) dispensing with the unhealthy practice of shift system. Funds have been provided in phased manner for construction of permanent buildings for Government Junior Colleges, which possess own land. This is aimed to over-come the scarcity of accommodation and enable all the Government Junior Colleges to function in the general/regular timings of 9.45 AM to 4.30 PM. The removal of undesirable shift system is most effective in promoting the academic progress / advancement of the students. There is a facility / convenience of utilizing the lunch break of 55 minutes in between as study hours depending upon the interest of the students and staff. The same would facilitate the students and staff to 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 117

become refreshed and to concentrate on their studies in the evening/second session, bestowing required concentration. Presently, 131 Government Junior Colleges were functioning in Shift System along with Degree Colleges/ Polytechnics/ Schools. The 51 new Government Junior Colleges and 12 New Government Vocational Junior Colleges sanctioned during 2008-09 and 39 newly sanctioned Government Junior Colleges during 2009-10 are also running in Shift System. Steps are to be taken to remove the shift system and to function in General timings in those colleges by providing suitable accommodation. Redeployment of Surplus Staff: From the last four years many Aided Junior Lecturers who are working without sufficient workload in Private Aided Junior Colleges have been identified. The surplus Junior Lecturers in private Aided Junior Colleges are being redeployed to needy Government Junior Colleges or adjusted in other Aided Junior Colleges to meet the requirement of classroom teaching and to reduce the burden on Government by way of Contract Faculty. Appointment of Contract Faculty About 7,294 Junior Lecturers have been engaged on contract basis in Government Junior Colleges in the state during the academic year 2009-10. Steps are taken to provide contract faculty from the date of reopening to the last working day of the college. Contract Faculty are being engaged in Government Junior Colleges duly following the rule of reservation at Zonal level, during the academic year 200910. Orders have been issued to engage Contract lecturers at the beginning of the academic year in the vacant posts in Government Junior Colleges and the remuneration was enhanced to Rs.7,500/- in Urban Areas and to Rs.8,500/- in Rural Areas from 2008. The contract faculty engaged will not be renewed automatically in successive years unless they reach the pass percentage of the district average for two consecutive years in the relevant subjects. Recruitment of Junior Lecturers:-530 vacancies of Junior Lecturers have been

identified in Government Junior Colleges during 2007-08. Out of 530 vacancies, 510 vacancies have been filled through Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission during 2008-09 and 20 vacancies are unfilled. Further, 20 Un-filled vacancies and 1,100 more new vacancies have been have been notified by the A.P.P.S.C., in Nov. 2008. Tele-Lessons (MANA TV)/e-Class Room: Through MANA TV live Tele-lessons on important subjects were transmitted for the benefit of students in 540 Government Junior Colleges in the state. The introduction of the Audio Visual instruction has improved the results of IPE. Tele-lessons were also broadcasted through Doordarshan Saptagiri channel. It is also proposed to transmit the lessons through Broad Band Connectivity to all Government Junior Colleges in the state in phased programme in addition to Doordarshan Saptagiri channel. Electronic class rooms were established in 501 Government Junior Colleges in the state with the latest technology and the content C.D.s are provided by B.I.E. Further, the content in digital mode is to be developed and provided for usage in addition to the establishment of equipment and for maintenance of Computers, Printers, Screens, Projectors, Audio Equipment etc. Academic Guidance and Monitoring Cell. Academic Guidance and Monitoring Cells have been created in Intermediate Education at State, Regional, District and College level from the academic year 2005-06 for effective functioning and monitoring of the academic schedules in Junior Colleges. Training orientation programmes are designed in the academic and administrative matters for the Principals, Sr. Assistants and Officers of the Department and also to Junior Lecturers of General and Vocational Courses. Special EAMCET Coaching Classes: 23 Government Junior Colleges have been identified to give EAMCET Coaching to Science Students beyond class room work with the financial assistance from A.P. State Council of Higher Education from 2006 07. This programme is continued during this year 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 118

with an intake of 4000 students for 1st and 2nd years. Supply of Text Books by T.T.D: T.T.D.,Tirupati has provided funds for supplying text books to all the girl students (who are below poverty line and not receiving any type of scholarships) studying in all Government Junior Colleges and Aided Junior Colleges in the State in the name of Sri Padmavathi Ammavari Pusthaka Prasadam benefitting 92,900 Girls Students. The Books which were printed by EFLU and Telugu Academy and Environmental Education from E.M.E.S.C.O., have been supplied to all the Government Junior Colleges and Private Aided Junior Colleges in the state. Establishment of New Government Junior Colleges Government have sanctioned 51 New Government Junior Colleges and 12 Exclusive Government Vocational Junior Colleges from the year 2008-09 with M.P.C., B.P.C., C.E.C., and H.E.C. Further Government have also accorded permission for starting 39 Government Junior Colleges during 2009-10 in the state. Rural infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF): Under Rural Infrastructure Development Fund, construction of buildings, toilets and Drinking Water facilities are being provided in Government Junior Colleges in the State. Under RIDF XI, an amount of Rs.43.40 Crores was sanctioned for 388 projects, out of which, an amount of Rs. 38.00 Crores was released till 2009-10. The total works are expected to be completed by March 2010. Under NABARD RIDF XIII, administrative sanction was accorded approving 272 projects at a cost of Rs.58.85 crores towards construction of additional accommodation in needy Government Junior Colleges located in rural and semi urban areas and the works are under process. Remote Interior Area Development (RIAD): During the year 2008-09, administrative sanction was accorded for Rs. 21.31 Crores under Remote Interior Area Development

Scheme towards construction of additional accommodation and toilets in 36 Government Junior Colleges located in R.I.A.D. areas. The project is proposed for completion during the years 2008-09 and 2009-10. The construction work is under progress. Attached Hostel Buildings: Attached Hostel Buildings in Junior Colleges at 5 places were sanctioned during 2008-09 for the benefit of Backward Class students and at 3 places for the benefit of Schedule Caste and Schedule Tribe Girl students at Intermediate level. The construction work is in progress. Vocationalisation of Education: In the National Policy of Education 1986, Vocationalisation of Education is given high priority. The main objectives of the scheme of Vocationalisation of Education are spelt out in National policy on Education 1986 and accorded priority for diversification of courses of study for enhancing the employability of students and reduction of the gap between demand and the supply of skilled man power and for reduction of the pressure on universities for admissions. For effective implementation of the programme, Government of India has provided liberal financial assistance to the state during the 8th Five year plan period. State Government have released the amounts duly converting the plan schemes to non-plan schemes during 10th Five year plan period 290 new sections have been sanctioned during 10th five year plan under centrally sponsored scheme and the total cost of this scheme is Rs.16.00 Crores. The classes have commenced from the academic year 2007-08. Vocational Education is to be promoted as part of national policy on Education for acquiring of skills and self-employment. Vocational graduates are sponsored for one year Apprenticeship Training with Hospitals /Business firms/Industry. The selected candidates are entitled to a stipend of Rs. 1440/- per month during this one-year training period, half of which will be reimbursed to the training Agencies by 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702

Government of India through Board of Apprentice Training, Chennai. During 2009-10, 4 Job Melas (Under Rajiv Udyoga Sri) and 6 Apprenticeship Melas are conducted and 4,108 candidates have got placements upto December, 2009. The intake capacity in vocational courses at +2 level is 80,000 and the enrolment during 2009 10 is 68,085 in 1st year. Short Term Vocational Courses There are 58 short term Vocational Courses. State Institute of Vocational Education wing in the Commissioner of Intermediate Education is authorized to conduct examinations and issue certificates for the short term Vocational Courses to the students from the academic year 2006-07. Nearly, 14,022 students are admitted in these courses for 3 modules for the year 2009 in various Short-term Vocational institutions through out the State. The State Institute of Vocational Education is conducting 3 months, 6 months, and 1-year duration certificate courses for the benefit of drop outs and others, like SSC failed / pass, Inter failed/passed through out the state. It is aimed at improving the employable skills and employment i.e., both wage and selfemployment.

*** COLLEGIATE EDUCATION

8.4 The department of Collegiate Education monitors the administrative functions, academic and quality standards in 249 Government degree coleges and 179 aided colleges. It monitors the implementation of various programmes for sustaining and promoting the quality of education with the objective to provide a purposeful education to all particularly to students hailing from marginalized sections of the society. The department also attends the development requirements of all the Government colleges. Number of Degree Colleges and their strength is shown in Table 8.6. 119

Table 8.6 Degree Colleges and Students, 2009-10 (Nos) Type Colleges Students Government 249 1,80,221 Colleges Aided Colleges Total 179 428 1,84,505 3,64,726

Source:Commissionerate of Collegiate Education

Important Programmes / Initiatives Starting of New Courses: Keeping in view the recent developments in Higher Education, the department started introducing need based, job oriented new courses like Biotechnology, Industrial Chemistry, Microbiology, Computer Science, Communicative English, Tourism, Advertising and Sales Promotion etc., in Government Colleges during the last few years on partial self financing basis. Similarly, PG courses on self-financing basis are also sanctioned every year on the basis of demand and facilities available. These courses are accessible to the students belonging to the poor and marginalized sections. UG Restructured and PG courses started during the last two years is shown in Table 8.7.
Table 8.7 UG Restructured and PG courses (Nos) Year Colleges Sections Courses U.G. Restructured Courses 2008-09 35 58 22 2009-10 18 25 15 Total 53 83 37 P.G.Courses 2007-08 31 39 16 2008-09 10 24 18 Total 41 63 34 Source:- Commissionerate of Collegiate Education

Jawahar Knowledge Centres (JKCs): Jawahar Knowledge Centre, initiated by Government of Andhra Pradesh has evolved to become a dynamic and student friendly platform to equip them fulfill the job aspirations of students in degree colleges. JKC provides training to students in skills relevant to the needs of the job industry and is continuously helping them to equip for facing the competitive employment environment. 276 JKCs were established in degree colleges and students are trained in Communication skills, Soft skills, Analytical skills and Computer skills. Students of the commerce stream undergo training in Tally Financial Accounting Package. The students trained in JKCs are shown placement opportunities in noted and well placed companies. It is targetted to increase the placement percentage during 2010 11. The achievements are shown in the Table 8.8.
Table 8.8 Students Trained in JKC and Jobs Secured (Nos) Trained in Jobs Secured Year JKC 2006-07 619 354 2007-08 20,787 4,193 2008-09 27,161 2,088 2009-10 9,311 407 Source: Commissionerate of Collegiate Education

Establishment of Womens Hostels: To encourage women education, the department is motivating the colleges to provide hostel facility to women students. UGC has sanctioned construction of hostel buidlings in 14 Government Degree colleges at a cost of Rs.10.34 crores during 2007-08 and the work is in progress.

Accounting Executive Course: Apart from the above programs under JKC, a short-term Accounting Executive Course for Commerce students is initiated with an objective to provide employable and work oriented skills to students for securing employment. The duration of the course is 240 hours spread over a period of four months. Intensive training will be given in Tally Financial Accounting Package, Communication skills and Computer skills. A total of 5,211 students in 116 Government and Private Aided Colleges are enrolled so far. Second spell of enrolment is in progress. The trained students will be placed for Campus Recruitment drives/Job melas. IT initiatives : Some of the other IT initiatives taken are: 1. Software Development for College Management Information System

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2. Application Development of Accredited Colleges, Management Information system (networking of NAAC Accredited Colleges) 3. Software Development for Results Analysis Information System 4. E-learning 5. Establishment of English Language Labs Accreditation of Colleges by National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC): The department took several measures and motivated the staff and the students of the colleges to obtain the accreditation from National Assessment and Accreditation Council, which is a significant parameter for assessing the performance quality of the college. Out of 130 Govt. colleges accredited, 120 got grades at the level of B or above as on Sept.08. The average grade achieved by the Government Colleges in the state is one of the highest at the country level. The grades obtained by Aided colleges are equally good. 34 Government Degree Colleges in the state are getting ready for the re- acrreditation process during 2010-11. Table 8.9 shows different grades secured by colleges in the state.
Table 8.9 Grades obtained by Govt. and Aided Colleges (Number) Grade Govt. Aided Total Colleges Colleges A 4 23 27 B, B+ and 116 66 182 B++ C,C+ and 10 2 12 C++ 3 stars 0 4 4 and 4 stars Total 130 95 225 Source- Commissionerate of Collegiate Education

State Quality Assurance Cell (SQAC): State Quality Assurance Cell (the functional unit of SLQACC) has been established with the following objectives. To plan and organize activities and programmes that help expediting the NAAC accreditation of institutions in the State To take up quality enhancing activities 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 121

To plan and organize post accreditation activities in the institutions Keeping above objectives in view, SQAC organized number of workshops, conferences, meetings, seminars etc., for creating quality awarness across the State. MANA TV: Department of Collegiate Education is facilitating the telecast of curriculum based degree lessons of 12 conventional and 3 restructured subjects through MANA TV, which supports and supplements the normal teaching by providing the latest information. It is a modern and innovative learning resource and the telecast is received by 169 Govt. Colleges in the State benefiting large sections of the students belonging to rural areas. Innovative live programmes like Teleconferences, Telecounselling and Panel discussions were organized through MANA TV, which generated huge enthusiasm among teachers and students and led to several such discussions in colleges. In addition to the above, training programmes and certificate courses were arranged live in communicative skills for presenters as well as students. District Resource Centres: District Resource Centres (DRC) were established in 21 Districts covering all the Government Colleges in the state to provide additional support to the students of Govt. Degree Colleges situated in semi urban, rural and remote areas. The DRCs have been conducting activities like sharing of teacher expertise, labs, library, playgrounds and other infrastructural facilities and support services like Computer centre, Health centre etc. Joint activites like additional coaching, career guidance, linkages, summer programmes, competitions etc., are conducted at the district level. The department in association with concerned DRCs conducted three two-day awareness workshops on strengthening of District Resource Centres and enhancement of quality in teaching learning practices at Government Degree Colleges Rajahmundry, Mahabubnagar and Nellore, where in Principals and Lecturers of all Government

Degree Colleges of the respective districts participated. Extension Programmes: The department is working towards promoting certain community development programmes with the help of the colleges under its control. 150 Govt. Degree Colleges have started Consumer Clubs, Eco Clubs, Red Ribbon Clubs and Heritage Clubs to educate the students and society about consumer awareness, AIDS awareness, protecting the environment and ecological balance and preservation of Heritage and cultural monuments. State Teacher Awards: Government gives State Teacher Awards to the meritorious University and College teachers every year commemorating the birthday of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, a great scholar, the former President of India. This year, 33 Awards to University Teachers and 36 awards to College teachers were presented. English Language Labs: Establishment of 75 English Language Labs in Govt. Colleges is nearing completion. The students are trained online about using the most advanced audio-visual modes of learning through computers. The software installed in these labs is highly beneficial to the student community and its three packages viz., Academic lab, Aptitude lab and Career lab which help the students speak fluently and improve their analytical and listening skills.

The department coordinates with All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) in processing the applications for the establishment of Engineering Colleges, Polytechnics and Institutions offering Pharmacy, MCA, MBA and Architecture and enhancement of sanctioned intake in them. Intake: There are 656 Engineering Colleges, 703 MCA Colleges, 881 MBA Colleges, 278 B.Pharmacy Colleges and 213 Polytechnics functioning in the state(includes 370 MCA and 224 MBA stand-alone colleges). The intake of the students is 2,26,870 in engineering courses, 47,595 in MCA courses, 59,676 in MBA courses, 16,675 in Pharmacy, and 63,075 in Polytechnics. Activities: The department encourages qualitative Technical Education at Degree and Diploma levels through improved standards set by National Board of Accreditation (NBA) of AICTE and NAAC of UGC. Encourages upgradation of equipment through a scheme of Modernization and Removal of Obsolescence (MODROBS) of AICTE. Facilitate in establishing SONET (Society for Networking for Excellence in Technical Education) to provide interconnectivity among Engineering Colleges, to adopt innovative Teaching practices, Digital library, Video conferencing etc. throughout the State, to benefit all Technical Institutions. SONET today is providing latest International technical journals to its member colleges benefiting number of students. Conducts Web based admissions as per the ranks secured by the candidates at 50 EAMCET and 37 EEP Helpline centers in Andhra Pradesh. This enables the student to attend counselling at any one of the above places in the State as per their convenience and select college and course of his choice. Coordinates with Board of Apprenticeship Training (BOAT), Ministry of Secondary and Higher 122

*** TECHNICAL EDUCATION

8.5 Technical Education department promotes Technical Education in the State with the aim to help in bringing out good engineers and technicians with profound knowledge, skill, positive work culture, improved efficiency and productivity. The ultimate goal is to ensure effective working of our industries and to shape our students to be competitive in global market. The department is responsible for development of Technical Education both at Degree(Graduate Engineers) as well as Diploma (Technician) levels. 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702

Education, Govt. of India and various organizations/industries to provide apprenticeship training to thousands of Engineering Graduates and Diploma holders including sandwich courses to improve their skills to fit into the best production centers in the country The department and the State Board of Technical Education and Training A.P., Hyderabad arrange transmission of recorded technical lessons and live interaction between students and lecturers through KU Band and teach students via electronic classroom simultaneously around the State. Provides facilities for Career Guidance and counselling for the students of Engineering Degree/Diploma institutions, to enable them to plan in advance for a future, after the completion of their respective courses. Encourages establishment of IndustryInstitution-Interaction Cell with the aid from AICTE. Thus, industry can participate in the development of skills of the students and staff in different practical areas. The Department and the Board, provide academic improvement at Diploma level for in-service candidates, through Correspondence cum Contact Courses (CCC). Encourages Internal Revenue Generation (IRG) throughout the State in the Polytechnics, to update their skills and find out resources for institutional development.

In addition, there are 4 aided and 49 unaided Private Polytechnics in the state. The total intake of the students in all these 165 Polytechnics is 59,770. Besides, there are 48 D.Pharmacy institutions with an intake of 3,305. 24 New Courses were started in 23 Govt.Polytechnics during 2008-09. Second shift is permitted in 27 Government, 1 Aided and 23 Private Unaided Polytechnics for the first time in the state during 2008-09 and 2009-10. Polytechnic as Second shift has been introduced in 65 Engineering colleges and admissions are in progress. New Engineering Colleges: Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad at Kandi, in Medak District was established by Govt. of India and admissions were taken up from the year 2008-09. An Amount of Rs.19.00 Crores was released for IIT, Hyderabad in July,08 for land acquisition. Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) was established in Hyderabad. One engineering college each is established i.e., under Yogi Vemana University at Proddatur of Kadapa District, at Tirupathi,S.P.Mahila Uniersity, at S.K.University and at Nagarjuna University. Quality initiatives: To improve the Quality in Technical Education, following measures are being taken: a) e-Lessons: e-Lessons is a Prestigious Project of the department taken up during 2008-09 As a teaching aid Not self learning material To ensure minimum standards in Teaching To enable in easy understanding of the subject by student and improve Pass Percentage. 432 class rooms have been provided with LCD projector and computer. e-lessons are prepared by Polytechnic teachers pertaining to all subjects taught in polytechnics out of 30,000. e-lessons implemented from 2008-09. 123

Initiatives to improve access: New Government Polytechnics: 33 New Government Polytechnics were started after a long gap, during the academic year 2008-09. The intake in each of the new Polytechnic is 120 and they are being run on shift basis in existing Govt. Degree/Junior colleges/High schools. The Government accorded administrative sanction for starting 16 more Government Polytechnics and admissions are in progress. Including these 49 new Government Polytechnics, the total no. of Government Polytechnics increased to 112. 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702

b). Faculty training and other measures o All 37 Newly promoted principals are provided training in administrative skills. o 515 Lecturers are provided training in instructional Design and Development System and training will be provided for remaining 600 lecturers in next 3 months. o 14 Programmes were conducted for 455 Teaching and Ministerial staff in office Automation, administrative procedures, CAD and graphic design, Cprogramming, IT&C, Satellite and Optical fibre Communication, Power protection in electrical Systems and teaching methodology during 2008-09. o All the English lecturers are trained in participatory teaching methodology o English communication labs have been setup in 60 Govt. Polytechnics o 1126 latest computers have been supplied in 61 Govt. Polytechnics c). State Board of Technical Education: Reforms: Syllabus revision to make Diploma courses on sandwich pattern It is decided to make all Diploma Courses as Sandwich courses to benefit the students to know the needs of the industry and will provide hands on experience: In five semesters all the students have to study theory subjects out of 6 Semesters. During the Vth semester of the course, every student has to undergo compulsory Practical training of 6 Months duration in any one of the industry. The Expert committee was constituted. The industrialists are invited to participate in the workshop on syllabus revision and their advice and suggestions are invited and are taken into consideration in finalization of syllabus so as to prepare the student suitable to the needs of the industry. Syllabus last revised in 34 Courses during 2005-06 Syllabus of Diploma in Automobile Engineering Revised in 2008-09 Syllabus revision for 10 Diploma Courses is almost completed and remaining Diploma courses is in progress and is 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 124

decided to be implemented w.e.f. 200910. Other reforms like introduction of unit tests and sessional marks, issue of Xerox copy of valued answer scripts and revaluation and streamlining of scheme of valuation have been implemented. d).Modernization and Removal of Obsolescence Scheme (MODROBS): The Government Polytechnics are receiving funds from AICTE, New Delhi for procurement of Modern and sophisticated equipment for the laboratories to train the polytechnic Students, during 2008-09. e).Technical Education Quality improvement Programme (TEQIP): TEQIP is an Externally Aided Project (EAP) for the quality improvement programme and is implemented in 11 engineering colleges and 1 Govt.Polytechnic. The TEQIP-I Project with an outlay of Rs. 142.62 Crores commenced in 2004- 05 was completed on 31-3-2009. The TEQIP-II Project with an anticipated outlay of Rs. 218.00 Crores is likely to commence from Jan/April, 2010. The project is proposed to be implemented in 20 engineering colleges. f).Other measures English curriculum restructured o introduced in all 3 years o student workbook on EEE o focus on LSRW Skills o employability skills introduced o Teachers Handbook prepared Biometric attendance introduced experimentally in 93 Polytechnics for students and staff Teaching through video conference is experimentally started in GMR Polytechnic, Paderu. Other important Schemes of the Department: SAPNET: Govt.of Andhra Pradesh have signed Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with ISRO for effective and efficient utilization of satellite resource for Transmission of Technology through MANA TV- e- Class room method. Live Lectures are being telecast in all Government

Polytechnics for the benefit of Polytechnic students. Adoption of Polytechnics by Industries: The Concept of Adoption of Govt. Polytechnic by nearby Industry is taken up to extend the following facilities for mutual benefit of the industry and the polytechnic. 1. Better Industry-Institution-Interaction 2. Increased employability of students 3. More industrial exposure by arranging Industrial visits and training 4. Consultancy Services of faculty with industry 5. Guest lectures by industrial Personnel for the benefit of students 6. Training to technical staff of industry in improving their Knowledge and theoretical skill 7. Better Practical Training (on hand experience) to students on sophisticated machines in industry. Pratibha Scholarships: It was introduced in 1999 by for promoting quality and excellence in education under which meritorious students will be awarded Merit certificate, Memento and Scholarship. Pratibha Scholarships are provided for different courses @ Rs.10,000 for Diploma Courses(CEEP); Rs.17,500 for EAMCET Engineering; ECET, ICET (MBA and MCA); and Rs.22,500 for EAMCET Medicine. Remote and Interior Area Development (RIAD) Scheme: RIAD scheme is implemented for infrastructure development in four Government Polytechnics located in Remote areas i.e., Bhadrachalam, Kothagudem, Srisailam and Paderu since 2008-09. Rajiv Udyoga Sri Department of Technical Education is implementing Rajiv Udyoga Sri training programmes in Polytechnics utilizing the infrastructure facilities available for the benefit of unemployed youth. The scheme aims to improve the skills and their employability. The No. of candidates Trained are 7575 and placements are shown for 4838 out of a Target of 10000 during 2008-09 and 3406 candidates are undergoing training, 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 125

The programmes covered under training are House Wiring and Repair of Domestic Electrical Appliances, Computer Hardware, Computer software, TV repairing, Plumbing, Refrigeration and Air-conditioning, Two wheeler servicing, Modern Surveying on Total station, Tailoring and Embroidery, Basic Bakery, Machine Embroidery, Zardosi Work, Knitting and Fabric Painting, Beautician etc. 21st Centuary Gurukulams 21St Centuary Gurukulams are Residential Technical Institutions to provide enhanced opportunities for meritorious Rural Youth of Andhra Pradesh. Its primary purpose is to provide Remedial Education and Information Technology for the most meritorious students among the Rural Youth. The main aim of the 21st century Gurukulams is to provide quality candidates by imparting training to the Rural Youth to International level of excellence in specially designed Technical Education Courses. Presently it is started at 6 centers. Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies (RGUKT): Government of Andhra Pradesh have established Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies (RGUKT) in the year 2008 through Act 18 of 2008 to cater to the educational needs of the rural youth. Three fully residential IIITs have been established under the RGUKT at Basar in Adilabad District, Nuzvid in Krishna District and R.K. Valley in Kadapa District. These institutes are meant to specialize in teaching and research in Information Technology and emerging areas of Engineering and Science. Around 2000 students are admitted in each IIIT in the academic year 2008-09. The Under Graduate Programme at these IIITs leading to a B.Tech Degree is six years duration. Admissions are made after the SSC level (Class X) on the basis of marks obtained in the board examination. The first two years of education by and large correspond to intermediate syllabus and the subsequent four years are meant for engineering education. The pedagogy followed at RGUKT is based on learning to learn and life long learning philosophy. All education is imparted

through the use of Information and Communication Technology. Each student is given a lap top.

*** FAMILY WELFARE

8.6 Family Welfare Department is providing maternal health care, child health care and family welfare services to the people through 12,522 Sub-centers; 1,570 Primary Health Centres in rural areas; 82 Post Partum Units; 131 Urban Family Welfare Centres and 267 Urban Health Centres in Urban Areas. The estimated Birth rate, Death rate and Infant Mortality Rates for the year, 2008 in the case of state are 18.4, 7.5 and 52 respectively as against 22.8, 7.4 and 53 for All India (as per Sample Registration System, October, 2009). Expeted life at Birth,(2006-10) for Male and Female in the State are 65.4 and 69.4 as against 65.8 and 68.1 for All India. Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) is defined as the proportion of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births reported, which is 154 in the state as against 254 in All India in 2004-06 as per the Sample Registration System, April,09. A. Maternal Health Care Services: Maternal Health Care Services are being provided to the pregnant woman by implementing the following schemes/ interventions:
Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) FRUs strengthened with CEMONC services (Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric and Neo-natal Care) Blood Bank and Blood Storage Centres 24-hours Mother and Child Health centres Janani Suraksha Yojana scheme

persons of first resort in all maternal and child health services and they are in position. They provide services to the pregnant woman, infants and eligible couples. A.2 FRUs strengthened with CEMONC services (Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care): This scheme was started during the year 2005-06 with an objective of providing the services of life-saving emergency care to mothers and children (caesarian, neonatal care, etc). Every CEMONC centre is designed to have 4 obstetricians, 1 pediatrician, 1 anesthetist, blood bank or blood storage center; and additional budget for drugs and consumables per each case of delivery. 158 CEMONC Centers have been functioning. A.3 Blood Bank and Blood Storage Centres This scheme was started during the year 2005-06 with an objective to provide the blood to the caesarian surgery cases. 20 new blood banks and 89 blood storage centers are to be set up in Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care (CEMONC) centres. The Indian Red Cross Society is appointed as the State Level Nodal Agency to set up Blood Banks and Blood Storages Centers. 10 Blood Banks and 74 Blood Storage Centres are functioning. The remaining are under process.
A.4 24-hours Mother and Child Health (MCH) centre:

A.1 Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA): This scheme was started during the year 2005-06 with an objective of providing the services of the health resource person very near to the community in rural areas. It is implemented in 21,916 villages (67,561 habitations). 70,700 ASHAs(55,400 in rural areas, 10,000 in tribal areas and 5,300 in urban areas) have been identified in all habitations across the state through the Gram Panchayat Health Committees, to acts as health-resource 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 126

This scheme was started during the year 1997-98 with an objective of providing round the clock services for conducting normal deliveries, to identify the high risk pregnancy cases and to refer them to FRUs. 800 PHCs are functioning as 24 MCH Centres. 79,984 deliveries were conducted during 2008-09 and 48,396 deliveries are conducted during 2009-10 (upto Ocober 2009). A.5 Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) : This scheme was started during the year 2005-06 with an objective to encourage

pregnant women for institutional delivery in Government/Private Institution which contributes for the reduction of Maternal Mortality and Infant Mortality. Under this scheme, Rs.1,000/-(Rs.700/under JSY (GOI) + Rs.300/- under Sukhibhava scheme (State) is being paid to rural BPL woman who undergoes institutional delivery. From 1st April 2006, JSY has been extended to BPL urban families also. The number of JSY beneficiaries were 5,51,206 during 2008 09 and 1,29,496 in 2009-10 so far. B. Child Health Care Services: Child Health Care Services are being provided to the Infant and Children by implementing the following schemes / interventions: Vaccine Preventable Diseases Main Activities Implementation of Universal Immunization Program Convergence Neo-natal intensive care units B.1 Vaccine Preventable Diseases (VPDs): All children are being vaccinated against VPD such as Whooping Cough, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Polio, TB, Measles, and Hepatitis-B. The names of the vaccines used under immunization are - B.C.G, O.P.V., D.P.T, Hepatitis-B, Measles and TT will be given to the pregnant women. B.2 Main Activities: a) Routine Immunization including Vitamin-A Bi-annual administration during January and July of every year. b) Campaign Intensified Pulse Polio Immunization c) Surveillance Polio and Measles surveillance B.3. Implementation of Universal Immunization Program: Following immunization activities are being implemented as Part-C under RCH-II with additional inputs: 1) Additional Mobility support to DIOs, 2) Vaccine transport, 3) Cold chain repairs and 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 127

maintenance, 4) Computer assistants to assist the DIO, 5) Alternative vaccine delivery, 6) Focus on slum and underserved areas in urban slums, 7)Mobilization of children by WHV. In addition to the above, the following activities are also taken up for strengthening routine immunization: a. Conducting Village Health and Nutrition Day in the villages once in a month for providing immunization and treatment for minor ailments. b. Organizing immunization catch-up campaigns in tribal districts as and when felt necessary. c. Organizing Measles and AFP surveillance campaigns as per necessity. d. By publicizing through IEC activities to bring awareness in all sections of public about the immunization particularly in the SC/ ST and weaker section areas, habitations and outreach areas. B.4. Convergence: For effective implementation of Health activities in the districts, Convergence sessions are being conducted among the Health, Medical and Family Welfare, Women Development and Child Welfare and DRDA departments at the state, district, PHC and sub-centre level. B.5 Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) : This scheme was started during the year 2006-07 with an objective to provide emergency neonatal care services to new born and neonates to reduce Infant mortality rate and to improve the quality of pediatric care services in remote, interior, tribal areas and urban areas. It is proposed to establish 160 NICUs in the State (in 13 Teaching Hospitals, 23 Dist. Hospitals, 16 Area Hospitals and 108 CEMONC centers). 14 Pediatricians are positioned against 124 posts sanctioned. It is planned to position two Staff Nurses and two ANMs on contract basis in each unit. So

far, 161 Staff Nurses are positioned. District Selection Committees are requested to fill-up the remaining vacancies and it is under process. C. Family Welfare Services: Family Welfare Services are being provided to the eligible Couples by implementing the following schemes/interventions: Permanent Methods Spacing Methods MTP Services Family Planning Insurance Scheme State Population Policy C.1: Permanent/Spacing Methods: This scheme was started during the year 1952 with an objective to control the population growth by providing family welfare services to the eligible couples who want to adopt spacing or small family norm on voluntary basis. The services of tubectomy and vasectomy under permanent methods and IUD, Oral Pills and Nirodh pieces under spacing methods are being provided to the eligible couples. The Government is providing Family Planning Incentive towards Compensation loss of wages for female sterilizations (BPL/SC/ST) Rs.600/- and Rs.250/- for APL people and male sterilization (BPL/SC/ST) and Rs.1100/- for all people. C.2 Medical Termination of Pregnancy Services (MTP): The objective of the scheme is to provide the MTP services to the eligible couples for termination of unwanted pregnancy. The services are being provided at all the Govt. hospitals in the state. The number of beneficiaries during 200809 are 6,132. C.3 Family Planning Insurance Scheme: This scheme was started during the year 2005 with an objective to provide insurance to sterilization acceptors as per MOU signed with insurance company. Details of the scheme are shown in Table 8.10.

Table 8.10 Family Planning Insurance Sl. Issues covered Limit of No. indemnity 1 Death due to sterilization operation in Hospital or Rs.2,00,000 within 7 days from the date of discharge from the hospital 2 Death occurring due to sterilization operation Rs.50,000 between 8 to 30 days from the date of discharge from the hospital 3 Failure of sterilization operation (payable once Rs.30,000 only) 4 Expenses for treatment of Actual, medical complication due to subject to sterilization operation maximum of (within 60 days of operation) Rs.25,000 Source: Family Welfare Department

C.4 State Population Policy: The State Population Policy was formulated during the year 1997 with an objective to improve the quality of services under Family Welfare programme. During the Family Planning Camps, the facilities like arrangement of Shamiyanas, Drinking Water Bottles, Beds, Transport, etc. are being provided to the sterilization acceptors. Further, on the eve of the World Population Day on 11th July of every year, an incentive of Rs.10,000/- is being paid to 69 sterilization acceptors at the rate 3 per district who are being selected on lucky dip basis at district level to the following categories: a) Couples accepted sterilization with one child b) Couples accepted sterilization with two girl children c) Couples accepted vasectomy with two children D. Urban Slum Health Services : This scheme was started during the year 2000 with an objective to provide Preventive, Promotive and Curative Services to the people living in urban slum areas. 192 Urban Health centres are functioning in the state through NGOs with State Government Funds. Each urban health centre covers 15,000 population in slum area. 75 UHCs were established so far under RCH-II. 128

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D.1 Tribal Health Services: The following additional initiatives are taken up to strengthen the health services in the tribal areas 8,500 Community Health Volunteers working in tribal areas are converted as ASHAs. They are being paid performance based incentive on par with other ASHAs in addition to the honorarium being paid to them since inception of the scheme. Initiatives under RCH-II from 2005-06 onwards: Birth Waiting Homes: Tribal area birth waiting homes are being constructed to enable women from distant and interior habitations to reach the delivery care institution a couple of days before the expected date of delivery as to prevent the complications of arrival in late labour. The construction of 29 Birth Waiting Homes is completed and handed over so far and 9 are to be completed. 30 Mobile Medical Units are functioning in all the tribal areas to provide the services at the door step of the tribal people. E. Community Involvement Activities: E.1.Sub-Center un-tied funds The scheme was started during 2005-06. The Objective of this scheme is to provide funds at Gram Panchayat level to meet the requirements for maintenance of sanitation and public health at village level and to improve the facilities at the sub-centre level. An amount of Rs.10,000/- is being released to each sub-centre per annum and this amount will be deposited in a joint account to be operated by the Village Sarpanch and the ANM. The untied funds for maintenance of PHCs/CHCs is being given for getting minor repairs done; to get the PHC/CHC compounds clean on a regular basis; to arrange for scientific bio-medical waste disposal; to meet expenses for NRHM review with MPHA (Male and Female) and ASHAs and to provide referral transportation in exceptional situations etc. at PHC/CHC level. 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 129

The amounts given for PHC/CHC is briefed below. E.2.Untied funds for Maintenance of PHCs: The scheme was started during 2006-07. The budget for untied funds is Rs.25,000, annual maintenance grant is Rs.50,000 and for Hospital Development Societies (HDS) is Rs. One lakh per annum. E.3.Untied funds for Maintenance of CHCs: The scheme was started during 2006-07. The budget for untied funds is Rs.50,000 and HDS is Rs. One lakh per annum. E.4.Village Level Health and Sanitation Committees: This scheme was started during the year 2006-07 with an objectives to ensure optimal use of health service in the village; improve participation of the village level health and sanitation committees in maintaining quality health services and sanitation; to prevent occurrence of epidemics in the villages. The Village Health and Sanitation Committees are formed with Panchayat Sarpanches as chairpersons, and ward members, Anganwadi Workers, ANMs, and Women Health Volunteers as members and MPHAs (M), and MPHAs (F) as member conveners. 21,916 Village Health and Sanitation Committees are constituted and amount of Rs.10,000/- is being given to each Village Health and Sanitation Committees for annum under NRHM. F.Public and Private Partnership Activities: The following activities are being implemented under Public and Private Partnership Activities in Andhra Pradesh. F.1.Rural Emergency Health Transportation Scheme - EMRI) -108 : The Govt. of AP initiated the scheme to enable the rural poor to have easy access to the hospital health care services free of cost in times of emergency particularly in respect of maternal and neonatal / infant health emergencies. The Emergency Management Research Institute (EMRI), an NGO set up by the Satyam Foundation is identified as nodal

A common toll-free telephone number 108 is provided for 24 hours and 365 days for accessing ambulance services. An operational cost of Rs.1,12,499/- per month per ambulance is being paid by the Government. Every ambulance is provided with trained technical staff. Total 752 Ambulances are covering the entire state of Andhra Pradesh. The average number of trips for transporting emergency patients per day is 8 trips per ambulance. 70% of the trips are towards transportation of SC/ST and BPL pregnant women and children below 5 years of age to the nearest FRUs. Each ambulance is covering 50 kms. per trip approximately for both ways of transport covering 400 kms per day approximately by each ambulance. The no. of average calls received per day are 68,000. Total number of lives saved is 54,000 so far (since inception). Total number of emergencies attended since August, 2005 is 34.17 lakhs. F.2. Health Information Helpline (104): This scheme was started during the year 2007. It is a Public Private Partnership with Health Management Research Institute by Govt. of Andhra Pradesh. The objective of the scheme is to provide Health Information advice, counseling to the public on Toll free No.104. On average 36,000 calls are being attended by HIHL. Special Features: It is a unique, innovative scheme being implemented for the first time in India. An individual can also utilize 108 emergency ambulance services to transport emergency seriously ill patients through HIHL 104. Information on referral services at various Government Hospitals and the people can also lodge complaints on functioning of Health Institutions of Govt. sector which will be referred to concerned HODs for redressal

and further action. Information on epidemic out breaks can be passed on to Director of Health and other HODs through 104. F.3.Fixed Day Health Services (104): The Fixed Day Health Services is a Mobile Health Vehicle based service that provide a convergence of comprehensive services for the identification, diagnosis, monitoring and treatment, record keeping and referral of high risk cases in each rural habitation to nearest Government Hospital for management and advice. Each Mobile Health Unit is equipped with an ultrasound machine, an extended roof canopy, basic laboratory equipment to perform basic lab tests, a cold chain unit to store vaccines and blood samples and a laptop computer to enable store and forward technologies for improved beneficiary profile tracking. The vehicle also incorporates a video projection system for public health education. Fixed Day Health Service is a once-a-month fixed day service at the rural habitations through a Mobile Health Vehicle. These Mobile Health Vehicles are serving the Rural Population of around 4 crores who are located 3 km beyond a Health Care Delivery institution such as Primary Health Centres (PHCs) and Community Health Centres (CHCs). The services are being provided through a Mobile Health Vehicle, which physically visiting each habitation on a fixed day every month with a population of 1500 each according to pre-determined calendar with a staff of six (6) Para Medics to provide the following services: 1. Pregnancy monitoring and care 2. Infant and Child health 3. Chronic ailments including National Health Programmes 4. Enhanced Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme 5. School Health. Each mobile health vehicle serves one habitation in the morning from 8.00 am to 12.00 noon while the other habitation is served from 1.00 PM to 5.00 PM for 28 days in a month. At present the services are being

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rendered with 475 MHUs in all districts except Hyderabad. G. Preconception and Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques (PCandPNDT): The Pre-Conception and Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act 1994 and Rules 1996 are being implemented in Andhra Pradesh to prevent Female foeticide and to improve the female sex ratio in the State. Under this Act - 3620 Medical Facilities (Scanning Centres) are registered in Andhra Pradesh as on 31.03.2009. 10 cases are filed so far in various courts for violation of PC PNDT Act. The expected Level of achievements and actual achievements of family welfare programme and immunization are furnished in the Annexure 8.11.

*** Rajiv Aarogyasri Health Insurance Scheme:

8.7 There was a felt need in the State to provide financial protection to families living below poverty line for the treatment of serious ailments such as cancer, kidney failure, heart diseases etc. Available network of government hospitals do not have the requisite pool of specialist doctors to meet the statewide requirement for such treatment. Consequently, many such people go to private hospitals and incur huge costs. In many cases, patients died in harness unable to access medical treatment, which is beyond their means. Mounting medical expenses is identified as one of the causes leading to pauperization of the farming community. Aarogyasri Health Care Trust was therefore, set up to implement a Community Health Insurance Scheme named Aarogyasri (now Aarogyasri-I) to begin with in three districts of Mahabubnagar, Anantapur, Srikakulam from 01-04-07. The scheme has since been extended to the entire State with certain modifications in a phased manner. The Trust also established a network of hospitals, fixed the diagnostic and treatment protocol to keep the cost of administering the scheme low. Government and private hospitals fulfilling minimum qualifications in terms of availability of inpatient medical beds, laboratory equipments, operation theatres etc. 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 131

and a track record in the treatment of specified diseases are enlisted for providing treatment under the scheme. Premium under the scheme is fully borne by the Government. Salient features of the scheme: Provides financial protection upto Rs. 2.00 lakhs to each family in a year for medical treatment. All BPL ration card holders (white card) are eligible for the benefit. Diseases covered include Heart, Cancer, Neuro Surgery, Renal, Burns and Poly-trauma cases(330 major procedures). The entire operation is cashless for the patient from date of reporting to hospital till discharge. Free diagnostic and treatment facility is provided for all patients, irrespective of surgery. Hospitals have to conduct at least one free medical camp in a week, thereby taking advanced evaluation to the doorstep of patient. Cashless arrangement with network hospitals is one of the key elements of the scheme, whereby beneficiary once registered in network hospital does not have to pay at all for the entire process of treatment. This has become possible by evolving package rate, which in addition to actual cost of treatment includes cost of conducting health camps, screening of patients, diagnostics, testing and treatment, food, transport and follow-up. Insurance company undertakes the health insurance and provides risk cover, on payment of premium. Selection of insurance company is done through a process of competitive bidding (technical and financial) and quote of lowest premium. The Scheme provides coverage for meeting expenses of hospitalization and surgical procedures of beneficiary members up to Rs.1.50 lakhs per family per year subject to limits, in any of the network hospitals. The benefit on family is on floater basis i.e. the total reimbursement of Rs.1.50 lakhs can be availed of individually or collectively by members of the family.

A separate fund is maintained as Buffer/corporate floater to take care of expenses; if it exceeds the original sum i.e. Rs.1.50 lakhs per Individual/family. In such cases, an amount upto Rs.50,000 per individual/family is additionally provided. Participating hospitals are required to be empanelled with selected insurance company, based on pre-fixed criteria of availability of infrastructure, equipment and qualified personnel. Choice of hospital for treatment from among empanelled hospitals is given to patient. Patient facilitation is done through a dedicated team of Aarogyamitras (health workers), 24 x 7 Call Center (Toll Free Number 1800-425-7788) and a Help Desk at each network hospital. Treatment is to be provided in hospitals as per pre-fixed medical protocols. All Primary Health Centers (PHCs), which are the first contact point, are provided with Aarogyamitra (Health Workers) selected by women self-help groups to help illiterate patients. The Scheme is implemented on line through an IT portal for efficiency, transparency and accountability. An IT company is engaged to develop and maintain software, hardware and all data and medical records pertaining to the scheme. Since the coverage of diseases under Aarogyasri-I was restricted, a large number of poor patients continued to represent to provide assistance from Chief Ministers Relief Fund (CMRF) for treatment of other ailments. An assistance of Rs.425 crores was so far provided in 1.25 lakh such cases from CMRF in last 4 years to meet part of the treatment cost. This, however, did not help 30 percent of the rural poor, being unable to meet balance expenses. The Trust, therefore, constituted 31 teams of specialist doctors from government and private hospitals and analyzed all the diseases afflicting the poor patients, listed more than 1100 medical and surgical procedures and finally basing on the criterion of being emergency and life saving in nature and such that specialist doctors 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 132

required for treatment are in shortage in government hospitals, finalized a further list of 533 diseases for inclusion in Aarogyasri scheme (named as Aarogyasri-II). Aarogyasri-II was launched in the State on 17th April, 2008 at Nellore for cashless treatment of these additional diseases (389 surgical and 144 medical) thus enable many more BPL families obtain cashless treatment and lead a healthy life. Further, based on the feedback the coverage under the scheme was extended to another 77 new procedures, in Obstetrics, Eye, ENT, Cardiology and in life saving areas in Trauma and Critical care. It is also extended to fund the Behind- the-Ear, Analog hearing aid for hearing impaired. Thus, the total number of diseases covered under Aarogyasri is 942. While the front end of both Aarogyasri I and II schemes viz. network hospitals, Aarogyamitras, Health Cards etc., are one, pre-authorization and claim settlement for Aarogyasri-I scheme is done by the Insurance company, while for Aarogyasri-II, it is done by the Trust directly and funded from CM Relief Fund. Hospitals are now providing minimum of 25% beds in their hospitals. Beneficiaries are allowed 48 hours time to produce Health Card/White Card in case of emergencies. Government created revolving fund of Rs.10 crores to assist government hospitals to expand their capacity to treat Heamodialysis patients. It is decided to retain 20% of earnings by the Government Hospitals to create further fund to regularly assist these hospitals to improve their infrastructure. Aarogyasri scheme is unique in its applicability, since no other state/ government agency has provided universal health coverage to the poor for major ailments. The entire process from the time of conduct of health camps to the screening, testing, treatment, follow-up and claim payment is made transparent through online web based processing to prevent any misuse and fraud. The scheme is complimentary to facilities available in government hospitals and put together fully meets the medical requirements of BPL population. Government hospitals treating Aarogyasri

patients are entitled to receive same payment as the private and corporate hospitals. Government hospitals have obtained approvals worth Rs.150 crores till date under the scheme. 65 percent of the revenue goes to hospital development society and remaining 35 percent to the team of treating doctors and paramedics as incentive. This system is motivating more and more government hospitals to participate in the scheme and utilize the revenue earned to improve facilities to provide quality medical care and thus bring reforms in tertiary medical care. Officials from several States and foreign dignitaries have visited the state and appreciated the efforts. The scheme is providing much needed help to poor families for treatment of serious ailments, thereby saving them from debt-trap. It is also bringing advanced surgical treatment within their reach and helping many an invalid young and elderly patients to resume their livelihood. Achievements (as on 14th January 2010) Since inception (Aarogyasri-I from 1st April, 2007 and Aarogyasri-II from 17th July, 2008) 15,353 Medical camps were held by the network hospitals in rural areas and 26.81 lakh patients were screened in these health camps. So far, 7.2 lakh patients treated as out-patients and 5.7 lakh patients treated as in-patients in 340 network hospitals under the scheme. 4.94 lakh patients underwent surgery/ therapy worth Rs.1478.56 crores.

Table 8.11 Hospitals and Beds Type of Hospitals Hospitals Beds (No.) (No.) District Hospitals 17 4400 Area hospitals 58 5800 Community Health 122 4840 Centers Specialty Hospitals 10 824 Dispensaries 26 0 Total 233 15864 Source:- AP Vaidya Vidhana Parishad

APVVP Activities: APVVP Plans, monitors, guides, supports and evaluates both physical and financial aspects in the following areas at all the secondary hospitals that are under its control.

Maintenance of hospital buildings and sanitation. Provision, maintenance and supervision of major and minor equipment. Provision of drugs and consumables. Posting, transfers, training, punishments and rewards for all employees. Review of Hospital performance. Allocating funds.

***
ANDHRA PRADESH VAIDYA VIDHANA PARISHAD
8.8 Andhra Pradesh Vaidya Vidhana Parishad (APVVP) was established in November, 1986 to manage secondary level hospitals in the State. 159 hospitals were developed under World Bank funding during 19952002. They are provided with new buildings, minor and major equipment. Staff was given training in skill updation to better manage the hospitals and provide patient care. Subsequently, Primary Health Centres were transferred to secondary health care and now there are 233 hospitals spread over the entire State. Details are shown in Table 8.11. 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 133

Hospitals Activities: APVVP hospitals provide the Outpatient services, Inpatient services (including emergency and surgical), Diagnostic services and Laboratory services. Along with the Primary Health Centres and Teaching hospitals (Tertiary hospitals), these hospitals act as a platform for implementation of various national health programs like Malaria. Tuberculosis, Family Welfare, AIDS, etc. District Hospitals provide service with a bed strength that ranges from 200-350 and ten clinical specialities like Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pediatrics, General Medicine, General Surgery, Orthopedics, Dental, ENT Ophthalmology, Anesthesiology, Radiology and others. Area Hospitals provide service with 100 beds and four clinical specialities like Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics, General Medicine and General Surgery. Community Health Centres provide service with 30-50 beds and one clinical speciality. These hospitals are provided with professional staff (Doctors, Nurses and

Paramedics) and medical equipment depending upon their service levels and bed strength. The drugs are provided to all the hospitals by the central drug stores under APHMHIDC as per the requirements specified by APVVP. Staff Position: 1,569 Doctors on regular basis and 427 doctors on contract basis, 3,337 regular Nursing Staff and 343 Nursing Staff on contract basis, 2,161 regular paramedical staff and 119 paramedical staff on contract basis are working in these hospitals.

*** HEALTH
8.9 National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Program National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Program is 100% Centrally Sponsored Scheme. Iodine Deficiency is the single most common cause of preventable mental retardation and brain damage. Iodine Deficiency in pregnant women may cause miscarriages, still birth, and birth defects. Children with Iodine Deficiency grow up stunted, less active and may retard with impaired movement or hearing. Objectives To promote awareness on Goitre and Iodine Deficiency Disorder and their prevention among people living in endemic areas. To educate the masses to use IodizedSalt. To conduct surveys to assess the magnitude of the Iodine deficiency disorders. Prevention Daily consumption of Iodised Salt prevents the spectrum of disorders causes due to Iodine Deficiency. The daily requirement of Iodine for adults is 150m gms. Iodization of salt is a low cost. Highly effective means of prevention of Iodine Deficiency Disorders. Action Plan 2009-10: Conducting surveys in the district assess the magnitude of IDD.

Conducting awareness campaign in the District to create awareness about IDD and using of Iodized salt. Coordinating with the civil suppliers department to ensure supply of Iodized salt through PDS. Activities and Achievements in 2009-10: Distributed 3,333 salt testing kits so far. 60654 Samples were tested upto the month January 2010 and 22,411 samples of Iodized salts found confirmed to the standards. School Health Programme: The A.P school health programme was started in 1985. The objectives of the programme are: Promotion of Health of the School going children. Prevention of diseases by early detection and prompt treatment. Health appraisal of the pupils by the School teachers. Preliminary Screening of all the pupils by the School teachers. Quarterly medical examination by the doctor. First-Aid and treatment of minor ailments. Activities during 2009-10: Plan to send the doctor to the Hostels of SC, ST students for 100% coverage of SC/ST Boys and Girls. Medical officer visits the boarders once a month whereas the Para Medical Staff examines the children twice a month. During the visits, special attention will be paid to the following aspects in addition to the routine examination. a) Personal Hygiene of the Boarders. b) Status of Protected water supply. c) Conduct of Mid day meals programme. d) Quantity and Quality of food. e) Place of Preparation of food and that of distribution. f) Conductions of Vessels and other utensils. g) Protection of food from flies and other insects. h) Availability of toilets, their numbers and sanitary status. 134

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i) General sanitary environment and sanitation inside the hostel. j) Availability of emergency drugs (Many of Ashram Schools are provided with some money to purchase drugs as well as for the honorarium to engage a doctor on part time basis.) k) Availability of mosquito repellants and nets. l) To create awareness among the boarders of SC/ST Hostels on Preventive Measures of Vector borne diseases like Malaria, Chikun guniya, Dengue, Gastroenteritis and Diarrhea etc. Achievements during the2009-10 are: No of Children Enrolled: 80,39,060 No of Children examined: 64,77,411 No of Children treated: 32,88,708 No of Children referred: 32,190 Performance under school health programme is given in Annexure 8.12. Tobacco Related Diseases and Control Usage of Tobacco and tobacco products causes a wide range of major diseases i.e. several types of cancer, heart diseases and lung diseases. It requires considerable public support for prevention and control of tobacco use. State Government have issued notifications on prohibition of smoking and health protection Act with the following objectives. Objectives: To promote awareness in the community by enlightening the public about the ill effects of tobacco products. To create awareness among teenagers about the ill effects of using tobacco products. Educate public about prevention and control of deadly diseases caused by the usages of tobacco products like cancer of mouth, throat, lung, urinary bladder etc. Action Plan: Intensification of Information, Education and Communication (IEC) activities to create awareness on tobacco related diseases in the community. Educate the community not to smoke and not to use tobacco products.

4,284 cases were booked against the violators on smoking in public places and penalty also collected. Diabetic Care and Control Program: Government have taken up the Diabetic care and control program with the following objectives. Early detection of the diabetic in the community One day of every month is free for the diabetic tests in all PHCs To create awareness of the diabetes and its effects. Encouraging public to get diabetic tests done periodically. Extending treatment for positive cases and making them self monitoring, if necessary, referring them to referral hospital. Action Plan: To organize Health and other departments and NGOs at PHC level/ District level to create awareness on Diabetes. To conduct screening camps for Diabetics at every PHC on a day in a week/month. To supply the required drugs and equipment to PHCs/Districts for control of diabetes. National Vector Borne Diseases Control Program (NVBDCP) Malaria has been a major scourge in India contributing 17 Million cases and 0.8 Million deaths every year, prior to the launching of National Malaria Control Program in 1953. The National Malaria Eradication Program was launched in 1958 with encouraging results in its implementation. The modified plan of operation stabilized malaria incidence around 2 million cases annually, since 1977. Enhanced Malaria Control Project was introduced in 1997, aided by World Bank, covering the tribal areas of 10 districts in the State. The problem is mostly concentrated in 105 Primary Health Centers in Tribal areas of the State and the project is extended to 128 PHCs including tribal and non-tribal areas. The program has been changed to NVBDCP in the year 2004. NVBDCP deals with Malaria, Japanese Encephalitis, Suspected Viral Encephalitis, Dengue,

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Chikungunya, Filaria and Kala azar under an umbrella program. Objectives: 1.Prevention of deaths due to vector borne diseases. 2.Reduction of morbidity. Strategies Adopted: o Early Diagnosis and Prompt Treatment of all vector borne disease cases by weekly/ fortnightly surveillance, through Para Medical Staff. o Integrated Vector Control Measures by adopting insecticidal spray operations, personal prophylactic measures like bed nets usage, biological control measures with Gambusia fish release and source reduction methods. o Capacity building by conducting induction and re-orientation level trainings to inservice staff and other voluntary organizations useful to the program. o Intersectoral co-ordination between other departments and the medical and health services. o Health education through Information. Education and Communication (IEC) to create awareness among the public regarding the diseases and its prevention and control. Details on Vector borne diseases are shown in Table 8.12.
Table 8.12 Vector Borne Diseases 2008 2009 Cases Deaths Cases Deaths 26,424 313 5 16 0 2 0 0 23,369 1,190 117 34 3 11 0 0

2004. There are 177 TB Units and 918 DMCs (Designated Microscopy Center) and 80,000 DOT (Directly Observed Treatment) centers in the State under the Program. Objectives To achieve 90% sputum conversion rate and 85% cure rate among new sputum positive TB cases registered. To detect 70% of the estimated new sputum-positive cases after achieving first objective.The performance of RNTCP is shown in Table 8.13.
Table 8.13 Performance of RNTCP New smear Total case positive Cure rate expected (85%) detection detection achieved achieved 84% 105835 44669 84% 108679 44097 84% 107051 44867 85% 111292 49085 86% 114624 49759 86521 37972
87%

Year

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 (3rd qtr)

Source: - Health Department

National Program for Control of Blindness National Program for control of Blindness was started in 1976 aiming to reduce the prevalence of Blindness from 1.4% to 0.3%. Disease Control: Free Cataract Surgeries, both in Government and NGO sector. Refractive errors detection School Eye Screening Distribution of Free Spectacles - Special Report on Blind Schools. Eye Donation and Strengthening of Eye Banks. Early detection of Glaucoma and Diabetic Retinopathy Newly initiated Tele-Ophthalmology by REH-Visakhapatnam to Paderu and Yelamanchili. DFID Tribal Eye Care Project by APRTSS in all ITDA areas. Objectives: 1.To provide high quality of Eye care to the affected population.

Diseases Malaria Dengue Confirmed Chikungunya J.E.

Source: Health Department

TB Control Program The Revised National TB Control Program (RNTCP) was launched in the year 1995 with DFID aid. GFATM is aiding the program from November, 2005. The first two districts to start RNTCP in the state are Hyderabad and Medak in the year 1995-96. RNTCP coverage of AP has been completed in a phased manner by February 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 136

2.To expand coverage of Eye care services to the under-served areas. Cataract Operations conducted during 200809 and 2009-10 are shown in Table 8.14.
Table 8.14 Cataract Operations Year Target Achievement % on Target 105.9 107.62

AIDS CONTROL
8.10 A.P. State AIDS Control Society was registered in September, 1998 for HIV/AIDS (Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus /Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome) programs. HIV/AIDS has been a constant threat to the country and in particular to the State, as Andhra Pradesh is one of the six high AIDS prevalent states in India (Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Manipur and Nagaland). Among these six states, Andhra Pradesh is one with the highest prevalence rates of 2% among attendees of Ante Natal Clinics and 22.8% among STD clinic attendees in the year 2005 posing a great challenge for prevention and control of this infection. However, with sustained efforts, during the last two years, the prevalence rate has come down, and as per reports of the year 2008, it is 1% among attendees of Anti Natal Clinics. HIV still remains a matter of concern among people having high-risk behaviour. In order to augment the efforts to prevent the further spread of HIV/AIDS, Government have initiated several measures, focusing not only prevention, but also providing services for testing, treatment, care and support to the people infected with HIV/AIDS. Out of all the infections, 93.49% was through sexual transmission and 92% are in the reproductive age group of 15-49 years (Reports by Voluntary Counseling and Testing Centres). The reasons for such high prevalence of HIV were high non-regular sexual partners, high prevalence of sexually transmitted illnesses, low condom use with non-regular sexual partners, large migrant population, and large network of national highways, trafficking of girls and most importantly awareness not resulting in behavioural change. As per the latest HIV Sentinel Surveillance, 2007, Andhra Pradesh is one of the high prevalent States in the Country in terms of HIV prevalence among the adult population. The estimated adult population living with HIV/AIDS is 5.4 lakhs. The trend of HIV prevalence among various groups involved in the sentinel surveillance is presented in Table 8.16. 137

2008-09 5,50,000 5,82,318 2009-10 (Upto 5,50,000 2,95,955 Sep.09) Source:- Health Department

The target and achievement of School Children Eye Screen during the years 200809 and 2009-10 are shown in Table 8.15.
Table 8.15 School Children Eye Screening
2008-09 Activity Annual Target Achievem ent

(Nos.)

2009-10 (upto Sep.09) Annual Achieveme Target nt

Teachers Trained School Children Screened (in lakh Nos.) School Children detected with Reff. Errors Free Glasses distributed

11,000

10,828

11,000

3,427

9..52

13.92

15.00

7..52

66,667

69,111

90,000

34,368

20,000

33,118

27,000

7,384

Source:- Health Department

State Health Education Bureau The State Health Education Bureau (SHEB) is functioning with the divisions viz., Administrative wing, Training, Student Health Education, Media, Educational, Field Study and demonstration centre and State health museum. Important activities under SHEB include Preparation of IEC material in Telugu on all the National Health Programs, Providing Technical guidance for Traditional Media, and conducting Orientation Training programs to Para Medical trainees at State Health Museum.

***
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Risk Group Antenatal 2.00 1.51 women STD patients 22.8 24.0 Female Sex 12.8 8.8 Workers (FSWs) Men-sex-Men 6.5 10.25 (MSMs) Source: - AP State Aids Control Society

Table 8.16 HIV Prevalence 2005 2006

2007 1.00 17.2 8.01 17.24

Mode of Transmission: Out of total HIV positive cases in 2009-10, (April to November, 2009) of about 54,000 people, 93.9% were due to hetero-sexual followed by 4.4% parent to child, 0.49% infected syringes and needles, 0.31% blood and blood products and 0.9 % non-specified/ unknown reasons. Policy Initiatives: The National AIDS Control Programme- Phase III (2007-12) has commenced on 6th July 2007, to take forward the initiatives on HIV/AIDS control programme in the country. In accordance with the goal of NACP III, the State of Andhra Pradesh aims to reverse the epidemic by aiming to reduce new infections, as estimated in the first year of the program, by sixty percent in the State by 2012. This is aimed to be achieved by introducing focused prevention interventions by implementing community-led structural interventions for key population groups, by motivating and enabling community ownership of the HIV/AIDS Programme and translating awareness and knowledge into behaviour change with adoption of safe practices at an individual level. Strategy for High-risk Population: The prime strategy of targeted interventions for high risk population is to achieve saturated coverage among key population groups like female sex workers (FSW), male sex workers (MSW) and men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender (TG). The program will also address the needs of the bridge population groups (clients/partners of the key population, like truckers, prison inmates and migrants). Under Targeted Interventions, 88% of the Key populations are covered with programs taken up by APSACS and partners like BMGF. At 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 138

present, there are 41 FSW, 7 MSM, 5 IDU interventions by SACS for High Risk Groups covering 40% of these populations and the partners are covering the rest 60% HRGs. In addition, 12 interventions for migrants and 7 interventions for truckers have also been started to saturate the coverage of all key populations. It is estimated that, at present two lakh persons of the High Risk Groups are being covered with these interventions. The mapping of the High Risk Groups has commenced to estimate the correct picture of these groups. Prevention of new infections in general population: Prevention among general population is aimed to be achieved by scaling up interventions to increase awareness, bring about community ownership leading to adoption of safe behaviour. This would be through effective communication, community mobilization, advocacy and sensitization. Partnerships with not-forprofits and NGOs will also be a crucial component of the program. Information Education Communication (IEC): and

APSACS has taken up intensive campaigns like AASHA and Be Bold in the past which were aimed creating 100% awareness on HIV/AIDS and encourage people to access the services provided for HIV/AIDS counseling, testing, care, support and treatment. While the AASHA Campaigns generated awareness with peoples participation in the HIV/AIDS awareness, Be Bold campaign resulted in massive uptake of services. The BSS 2006, indicated that, more than 90% of people have become aware of HIV/AIDS as a result of awareness campaigns, where as the number of people got tested for HIV to know their services has increased from 6 lakh per annum from 2006 to more than one million in 2008. It is estimated that, during 2009-10, more than two million people would get tested voluntarily to know their HIV status in the state. The number of people accessing ART services and services in CCCs has also increased to 60,000 in each area.

Mee Nestam Campaign: Continuing these efforts and in view of the scaling up of services like 677 ICTCs, mobile ICTCs, 95 CCCs, 30 ART centres, etc., the Mee Nestam campaign is launched as an overarching campaign primarily to fight stigma and discrimination and encourage the health care providers to offer services in a friendly and congenial atmosphere. This is in tune with the strategic program implementation approach and aimed at enhancing the participation and ownership among service providers and the recipients by launching a brand name and programmatic medium. Mee Nestam campaign, is thus, much different from a routine IEC campaign launched to bring in greater awareness about the intervention available in the community and also to destigmatize the community. All the service providers are branded as Mee Nestam with badges and all the new initiatives of APSACS like the Mobile ICTCs, IEC programs were branded as Mee Nestam giving all the activities of APSACS a generic and unified spirit. The campaign thus strategically helped in establishing linkages between various services of APSACS. An interactive tele-in program is started on Rainbow FM channel called Mee Nestam on every Thursday broadcast from 6.00 p.m. on HIV/AIDS. This program is scaled up and now on AIR across the state. Similar programs are aired through private FM Channels Radio Mirchi and Big FM focusing on youth and adolescents. AASHAVANI a bi-monthly news magazine is published highlighting the activities of APSACS which disseminates information to all the stakeholders in the state. Aiming to reach the un-reached populations, four Mee Nestam mobile Information, Education and Communication Vans were started to create awareness among tribal populations and remote areas. Adolescence Education Program on HIV/AIDS in schools and colleges for students of 9th class and above was held successfully covering all the schools and 40% of colleges.

Integrated Counseling and Testing Centres (ICTCs): To encourage voluntary counseling and testing to know their status, so that services to stop further infections can be stepped up, 677 ICTCs, 8 mobile ICTCs, 80 Facility Integrated ICTC in 24 hour PHCs, 80 Private sector health facilities under PPP which offer ICTCandPPTCT services have been established. Efforts are being made to increase the number of mobile ICTCs, Facility Integrated ICTCs and ICTCs under Public Private Partnership. All these ICTCs are supported with counselors, lab technicians, test kits and consumables etc. Of the 677 ICTCs, 266 located in PHCs and CHC level are managed by Nurse Practitioners who provide counseling, testing and conduct deliveries for HIV+ve women. The remaining ICTCs are manned by counselors and LTs. Blood Safety: To ensure the availability of safe blood, voluntary blood collection has also increased to 2,15,000 units during 200910(April to November 09) which is 71% of the total blood collection in the state during this year. 208 licensed blood banks are working in the state where steps are taken to provide tested safe blood for HIV. 66 Blood Storage centres were also started and 25 Blood banks are provided with Blood Component Separation units. Early STI (Sexually Transmitted Infection) Detection and Treatment: There are 85 STD clinics functioning at present in the state. 100 more STD clinics are started during the year 2008-09. Counselors are placed in the Govt. STD Clinics in the state. Color Coded Drugs were introduced for Syndromic Case Management of STD cases in the state. Antiretroviral Treatment: More than 60,000 AIDS patients are being provided with the Anti Retroviral Therapy medicines free of cost in 31 ART Centres in the state. In addition to 14 link ART Centres, it is proposed to start 26 more Link ART Centres to increase the access to ART medicines in rural areas to AIDS patients. 2nd line of ART medicines are also started on a pilot basis in Hyderabad for the first time in the state.

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Care and Support Centres: The number of community care centres to provide treatment to People Living with HIV/AIDS has been increased to 95 and more than 60,000 patients have accessed the services during the year 2009-10 so far. PLHA (People Living with HIV/AIDS) Network: Under Greater Involvement of People Living with HIV/AIDS, a new wave has been created in the state to involve more PLHAs to participate in all HIV/AIDS initiatives in the State. So far, around 80,000 PLHAs have been motivated to become members of this network to work towards reducing stigma and discrimination. Mainstreaming: Under mainstreaming efforts, a new program called Abhaya has been started in association with Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation to provide HIV/AIDS prevention, testing and treatment services to the RTC employees and their families. Similarly, Raksha programme was started in Prisons with HIV testing centres in 7 Prison Hospitals and 25 counselors in prisons. During 2009-10, more than 40,000 persons were reached with messages and 120 Prisoners have been identified with HIV infection so far. To train 60,000 Anganwadi Workers on HIV/AIDS and engage them in the prevention of mother to child transmission, Jagruti programme has been started in association with Women and Child Development Department. District Project Management: Under a new initiative, District AIDS Prevention Control Units (DAPCUs) were established in all the districts for convergence with NRHM and decentralizing the programme implementation and all the posts in DAPCUs were filled as sanctioned by the Govt. Identity cards and Pensions to People Living with HIV/AIDS: SAHARA Identity cards for the patients receiving the Anti Retroviral Therapy (ART) medicines are provided, which would help them to access the benefits provided by the Govt. like concessions for travel, priority in housing schemes and pensions etc., without any stigma or discrimination. More than 24,000 persons receiving the ART medicines 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702

are issued with the SAHARA Identity cards so far. Pensions to the AIDS patients receiving ART have been announced by the Government @ Rs.200/- per month for Below Poverty Line families along with Health Insurance Cards/White Ration Cards on par with other social welfare pensions. It is envisioned that, by the end of the year 2010, there will be increased access to voluntary HIV testing, STD treatment, condom usage, treatment for opportunistic infections and availability of ART medicines, besides reduction of stigma and discrimination.

*** WOMEN DEVELOPMENT AND CHILD WELFARE

8.11 The activities of Women Development and Child Welfare Department can be broadly classified into three Categories. Management of the Institutions for the welfare of Women and Children in need. Implementation of the ICDS Programme universalized throughout the state with 385 ICDS Projects covering all Mandals. To take care of the Social, Legal and Empowerment issues relating to Women and Children. In each erstwhile Block, one ICDS Project is functioning, headed by CDPO. The CDPO is in-charge of implementation of all ICDS Services, Social and Empowerment issues Women and Children in 3 to 4 Mandals in the Project area assisted by 5 to 8 Supervisors depending on number of AWCs sanctioned in the Project. At each Village one or more AWCs are functioning. Programmes and Schemes: Institutions: The Department is running 93 Institutions for Children and 35 Institutions for Women to cater to the needs of Children and Women in difficult circumstances. Women Institutions: Service Homes: Five Service Homes are functioning in the state at Kannapuram (West Godavari District), Nellore, Anantapur, Warangal and Hyderabad. 140

At present, there are 354 inmates as against the sanctioned strength of 730. These Homes are meant for rehabilitation of socially and economically deprived categories of Women in the age group of 18-35 years. The inmates are provided necessary training for skill upgradation in various trades and condensed courses for appearing in 7th and 10th Class. Food, shelter, clothing and medical care is provided in the Home. State Homes: Four State Homes are functioning in the state at Srikakulam, Rajahmundry, Mahabubnagar and Hyderabad with 152 inmates as against the sanctioned strength of 375. These Homes are meant for Women discharged from correctional Institutions and Women who are unable to protect themselves. Food, shelter and clothing are provided besides imparting training in various trades for selfemployment, wage employment / job employment. Rescue Home: One Rescue Home is functioning in Hyderabad with 24 inmates as against the sanctioned strength of 30. Women who are rescued by the Police and are facing trial in the court are given shelter during the trial period. They are provided shelter, food, clothing, medical and training in skill development. Homes for Aged: There are two Homes functioning in the State at Hyderabad and Chittoor with 51 inmates at present, against the sanctioned strength of 60(30 each). These Homes provide peaceful and comfortable living for the Old destitute Women of above 60 years of age with food, shelter and clothing. Homes for Collegiate Girls: There are 6 Homes functioning in the State at Vizianagaram, Tanuku, Guntur, Tirupati, Warangal and Hyderabad with 228 inmates at present, as against the sanctioned strength of 250. Inmates of Children Homes who passed 10th Class and in 15-25 years age group are admitted in these Homes to pursue higher studies and they are allowed to stay for a maximum period of 5 years.

Working Women's Hostels: 16 Hostels are functioning in the State with 977 inmates at present, as against the sanctioned strength of 890. These Hostels provide food, shelter and security to the Middle Class working Women. Those who earn monthly income of less than Rs.5,000/are eligible for admission in Class A cities and Rs.4,500/- are eligible for admission in other cities and towns. The inmates contribute mess charges and other administrative expenditure i.e., water and electricity. Smt. Durgabai Women's Technical Training Institute: The institute is located at Ameerpet, Hyderabad. The institute provides Diploma courses in Civil, Architecture, Computer and Electronics, instrumentation courses. The students are selected by the Director of Technical Education through the Common Entrance Test. Sanctioned strength in Civil and Architecture Courses is 60 each and in Computer and Electronics and Instrumentation Courses is 40 each. Children Institutions: Children Homes: There are 81 Children Homes functioning in the State. The sanctioned strength of each Home is 60. As against the total sanctioned strength of 5,330, there are 5,054 children admitted. For overall improvement of Childrens knowledge, certain innovative schemes were introduced in Children Homes viz., Computer Training / Sports Yoga / special coaching for 6th to 10th Classes/ Bul Buls and guides, training in creative arts etc. Up to 2007-08, the Diet charges are provided to child @ of Rs.338/- per month upto 7th class and @ Rs.412/- per month per boarder from 8th to 10th class. The Diet charges have been enhanced on par with Social Welfare Department in June, 2008 @ Rs.475/- per child upto 7th class and @ Rs.535/- per month per child for students from 8th to 10th class. Sishuvihar/Sisugruhas: In the Sishuvihars and Sisugruhas, abandoned infants and orphans below six years of age are admitted. The Children of Sishuvihar are 141

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being given for legal adoption to Childless couples. There are two Sishuvihars in the State. One at Hyderabad and the other at Chittoor. The sanctioned strength of each Sishuvihar is 30. The Sishuvihar, Hyderabad is accommodating more than 150 Children at a time irrespective of sanctioned strength. The present strength in Sisuvihar Chittoor is 15. During 2009(upto Nov.), 217 Children are given for adoption for Childless couple. Government of India Grant-in-Aid The Department of Women and Child Development, Government of India have formulated schemes for the development of Women and Children for improving their overall quality of life. The schemes are implemented through NGOs, Corporations etc. The details of schemes, for which financial assistance is given by Women and Child Welfare Department, Government of India are: Short Stay Homes for Women and Girls: The Home provides counseling and guidance, medical and psychiatric check-up and treatment, development of skills and rehabilitation to women and girls in moral danger, family discord, emotional disturbances etc. The total Short Stay Homes in the state are 40.The sanctioned strength of each Home is 30. Swadhar Shelter Homes for Women in difficult circumstances: The Scheme for Women in difficult circumstances aims at covering primary needs of shelter, food, clothing, care besides emotional support, counseling and a package for rehabilitation and reintegration specifically for the women and girls rescued from trafficking. The Home strength is ranging from 50 - 200 beneficiaries. 32 Swadhar Shelter Homes are sanctioned. Out of that, 31 Homes are run by NGOS and 1 Home is under the control of Women Development and Child Welfare, Hyderabad. Integrated Child Development Services The ICDS Scheme is a centrally sponsored scheme and is the single largest integrated programme of child development. It was 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 142

started in 1975-76 in 2 Blocks of the State on a pilot basis. The concept of Universalisation of ICDS with quality and the revised norms of AWCS / ICDS in April, 2007 increased the spread of ICDS. The details are shown in Table 8.17. Table 8.17 ICDS Projects
Perio d Total No. of Projects / AWCs Urban Rural Tribal Mini AWC

Up to 2005

Projects 363 AWCs 66,101 Projects 385 AWCs 73,944

34

300

29

5,798 56 7,021

55,765 300 61,880

4,538 29 5,043

4,211

By 2008

6,479

Source: Women Development and Child Welfare Dept.

Services provided by ICDS Scheme Supplementary Nutrition to 6 months to 6 years aged children, Pregnant and Lactating Mothers. Immunization to Children and Women. Health check-ups to Children and Women. Referral services to Children and Women. Nutrition and Health Education to Mothers and Adolescent Girls. Non-formal Pre-School Education to 3-6 years Children. Supplementary Nutrition Programme: Supplementary Nutrition Programme is being implemented in 385 ICDS Projects covering 73,944 Anganwadi Centers. At present the coverage of beneficiaries under SNP component is 76 (average by saturation) for 1,000 population. Government of A.P. have accorded permission to incur the expenditure on SNP under ICDS Scheme as per GOI revised norms. Modified Therapeutic Food: The A.P. Foods (Govt. under taking) prepares and distributes the food in 222 ICDS Projects.

The Modified Therapeutic Food is being supplied to the age group of 6 months to 3 years children. Modified Therapeutic Food containing Roasted Wheat Flour, Sugar, Full Fat Soya Flour, Vanaspathi and Fortified with Vitamins, Minerals. 110 grams of food is being given to children as Take Home Ration and it contains 490 K.Cal and 14 grams of protein and Double ration is being provided to malnourished children. Hot Cooked Food: Instant hot food mixes i.e., Upma mix, Halwa Mix and Kichidi Mix is being provided to the ICDS beneficiaries to the age group of 3 to 6 years children and Pregnant and Lactating mothers. Local Food Model: Local Food Model is implemented in 159 ICDS Projects with a view to enhance the community ownership of the SNP and also to improve the quality and acceptability of SNP by the beneficiaries. Hot Pongal, Broken Wheat Kichidi, and Snack Food with required calories of Protein are provided. Community Managed SNP: The Community Managed SNP has been started to enhance the target community ownership of the SNP component of ICDS in collaboration of CARE A.P. in 4 ICDS Projects in 2002 i.e., Siricilla, Vemulawada, Kunavaram and Tirupati. Mothers committees prepare food and supply to the A.W Centers. They are supplying Jowar Mix containing Jowar, Groundnuts, Roasted Chenna and Sugar. Nutrition Progamme for Adolescent Girls Under National Nutrition Mission, assistance is provided to nutritionally backward districts. The programme is being implemented in two districts of Adilabad and Mahabubnagar in the State. Selection of beneficiaries will be done in grama -Sabhas on the basis of weight monitoring on quarterly basis. Each undernourished Adolescent Girl below 35 Kgs weight would be provided 6 kgs rice per month. If any beneficiary crosses the cutoff point, they will be out of this programme. 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702

The beneficiaries covered under the scheme for the year 2008-09 is 2,20,843 in Adilabad and 2,32,716 in Mahabubnagar district. Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE): The main objective of this programme is to cater to the needs of the development of children in the age group of 3-6 years. Preschool education aims at ensuring holistic development of the children and to provide learning environment to children which is conducive for promotion of social, emotional, cognitive and aesthetic development of the child. The Pre-school activities strengthen the child to get ready for primary school education with required skills to performance better candidate for school entry and also better performance for regular attendance in school. It aims at improving school enrolment and school retention in rural areas, relieve the older sibling mostly girls from the burden of child care and enable her to attend school and to prepare the children to adjust to formal school going. The Pre-school material like story cards, charts, indoor and outdoor play material, color concept, puzzles, school readiness kit, Activity kits etc are supplied to all the Anganwadi Centres every year at a cost of Rs.600 per AWC as per GOI norms. To make pre-school more effective orientation training programmes are conducted and trained all 2,200 Supervisors, 400 CDPOs, 23 PDs and 6 RDDs on implementation of curriculum at AWCs. Arranged demo classes and involved 60 AWTCs and 4 MLTCs Instructors to make the orientation session more effective. 20.10 lakh Children are attending Pre-school Education activities in Anganwadi Centres. New Girl Child Protection Scheme 2005: Objectives of the Scheme: To eliminate prejudice against the girl child through direct investment from the Government. To encourage enrolment of the girl child in school and to ensure her education at least up to the Intermediate level.

143

To encourage girls to get married only after the age of 18 years (which is the prescribed statutory limit). To reduce school drop out rate among the girls. To encourage parents to adopt family planning norms with two girl children. To provide social and financial empowerment to the girl child. Eliminate all forms of discrimination against the girl child. Eliminate negative cultural attitudes and practices against girls. Promote and protect the rights of the girl child and increase awareness of her needs and potential. Eliminate discrimination against girls in education and provide skill development and training. Eliminate discrimination against girls in health and nutrition. Strengthen the role of the family in improving the status of the girl child.

Salient Features: 1. Families having undergone Family Planning operation with annual income below Rs.20,000/- per annum for Rural areas and Rs.24,000/- per annum for Urban areas and having single girl child from 0-3 years of age will be given first priority. Among these categories, preference shall be given to the victims of atrocities of trafficking and prostitution. 2. Second priority will be for families having two-girl children out of which the age of the second girl child should not be more than 3 years. 3. The age of the child on the date of application shall be the criterion for determining the eligibility of the child for the benefit under the Scheme. a) In case of single girl child she is entitled to receive Rs.1.00 lakh after completion of 20 years of age. b) In case of two girl children, both of them are entitled to receive Rs.30,000/each after completion of 20 years of age. 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 144

4. The girl child is entitled to receive Rs.1200/- per annum as scholarship from 9th to 12th class as a benefit under the scheme. 5. Risk coverage for life insurance of the girl child will commence from the age of 3 years. Special Dispensation for Orphans and Destitutes: 1. Orphan defines a girl child not having both parents. Destitute will mean girl child from a BPL Family not having either of the parents or trafficked girls etc., forsaken by their family/parents. 2. All such destitutes or orphans who have not crossed 18 years as on May 2008 will be eligible for the benefits under Girl Child Protection Scheme. The benefit of Jana Shree Bhima Yojana and Shiksha Sahyog Yojana as per eligibility will be applicable as per guidelines of existing Girl Child Protection Scheme. 3. The condition of formal education will be relaxed in respect of orphans, destitutes and differently abled girls, who are born before May, 2005. Those girls who do not pursue education beyond 8th class will naturally not be eligible for education scholarships. 4. Therefore, all destitutes orphans and differently abled girls born after May 2005 shall also necessarily be enrolled in a school and continue up to, XII class to be eligible for the benefit under GCPS. These shall apply to all girl children including Orphans, destitute and Disabled girls. In case of abandoned orphan children, the head of the institutions based on a medical certificate shall ensure the birth registration is completed. In case the caste is unknown, the caste of all such children shall be recorded as Casteless. Special Dispensation for Disabled Girls 1. Differently abled girls will include mentally challenged girls as per the criteria of disability as prescribed by the Government from time to time. 2. All such disabled girls who have not crossed 18 years of age as on MAY, 2008 will be eligible for the benefits under

GCPS. The benefit of Jana Sree Bhima Yojana and Siksha Sahyog Yojana Scheme as per eligibility will be applicable as per guidelines of existing GCPS. 3. The condition of formal education is relaxable in respect of Disabled girls, who are born before May 2005. Those girls who do not pursue education beyond 8th class will naturally not be eligible for Education Scholarships. 4. Therefore, all differently abled born after May 2005 shall necessarily have to be enrolled in a school and continued upto XII class to be eligible for the benefit under GCPS. Relaxation of Education, Income and Girl Sibling Conditions For Severely Disabled Girls: 1. Those who pursue education after 8th class will be eligible for the scholarships under Shiksha Sahyog Yojana as prescribed under Girl Child Protection Scheme. 2. Those girls whose disability is more than 80% shall accordingly be eligible for the benefits under Girl Child Protection Scheme provided the income of their Parents / Guardian from all sources does not exceed Rs.1.00 lakh per annum. This is a special dispensation only to severely differently abled girls. 3. In respect of severely Disabled Girls (more than 80% disability) the condition of the Girl Child being either single or two girls alone shall not apply. A Girl with one or two male siblings will also be eligible for the benefit of Girl Child Protection Scheme. 4. Separate guidelines issued on the mode of payments of maturity amount of Rs.30,000/- / Rs.1.00 lakh to the girls /girls child as case may be, on attaining the age of 20 by the Government in consultation with CEO, IKP (Self help groups) etc., These relaxation / special dispensation may be extended to orphans / destitutes differently 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 145

abled girls as specified supra, subject to all other conditions being continued at present. Additional conditions for eligibility under GCPS for all girls w.e.f., June 2008. 1. All girl children born after June, 2008 shall have to register their Birth under RBD (Registration of Birth and Death), Act. 2. All girl children born after June, 2008 should complete the immunization as per schedule. Details of Girl Child Protection Scheme are shown in Table 8.18.
Table 8.18

Girl Child Protection Scheme

No. of Beneficiaries under GCPS Year 2005-06 Single Girl 5217 Two Girl 36838 Total 42055

2006-07 7421 78506 85927 2007-08 7205 89283 96488 2008-09 2484 28610 31094 200910(upto 3799 43793 47592 11/09) Total 26126 277030 303156 Source: Women Development and Child Welfare Department.

Domestic Violence Act 2005 and Rules 2006 (Central Act No.43 of 2005) Initiatives by the Andhra Pradesh Government: The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence, Act 2005 and Rules 2006 has come into effect from 25th October, 2006. 104 Protection Officers Appointed. 77 Shelter Homes identified. 72 Service Providers Registered. 4,117 Cases Booked and DIRs Filed. 410 Interim Orders and 813 Final Orders Pronounced. 2 Counsellors, 2 Home-Guards and One DEO Sanctioned for each district. Initiatives Under Anti-Trafficking 34 Swadhar Homes are sanctioned by GOI to ensure rehabilitation of VOCSETs (Victims of Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Trafficking ) 842 VOCSETs are provided vocational trainings in various trades along with job

 35,012 Balika Mandals have been formed to create awareness on Anti-Trafficking issues and 31,465 Community Vigilant Groups have been formed to prevent trafficking of women and children at village level. Construction of AWC Buildings 14,668 AWC Buildings are so far constructed with State funds in the last 10 years (20% of the total AWCs) with World Bank Assistance and 15% General Funds of Zilla Parishads. 1,976 AWC Buildings are sanctioned with an outlay of Rs.56.32 Crores under NABARD during 2007-2008. 2,500 AWC Buildings sanctioned with an outlay Rs.100.00 Crores during 20092010. 4,530 Buildings are sanctioned under Backward Region grant fund with an outlay of Rs.129.00 Crores during 20072008. The work is in progress. 81 Model Anganwadi Buildings are taken up by the Department during 2009-2010. Initiatives: To reach Millennium Development Goals, a State Plan of Action for children Ensuring child well being 2007 2010 is prepared. The objectives set for reducing the IMR, CMR and MMR are: 1. Universalisation of Integrated Child Development Services through out the state. 2. Ensure 100% Cholostrum feeding within 1 hr. 3. Ensure 100% awareness on best infant and young child feeding practices. 4. Ensure management of neonatal and childhood illnesses. 5. Universalizing Immunization to all children < 2 yrs. 6. Improving the nutrition status of pregnant and nursing mothers and young girls. 7. Improving the standards of Growth Monitoring according to new WHO growth standards. 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 146

Strategy 1. ICDS Services taken up through Campaign Mode to reach the un reached and Vulnerable communities (Nov. 08 to Dec.09). 2. Intensive training on Infant and Young Child feeding Practices and early childhood education and creating awareness to family members. 3. Attempts to improve monitoring and accountability through accreditation and technical support. Pre-School Education A.P. is the only State to have developed and launched an activity based Pre-school curriculum to promote holistic development in children. Organized (4) days refresher training in AWTCs and MLTCs for AWW, AWH and Supervisors totalling to 84,137 during 2008 - 2009 and upto October, 2009. Pre-school kit containing Kanjeera (Daphli), Story Books, Conversational Charts, Sequential Cards, Indoor Games one Fish Pond and Fishes (3 Sets of Fishes for Alphabets in Local Language i.e., Telugu, English and numbers from 1-10) and second flash cards on Alphabets and numbers are supplied to all AWCs Imparted Master Trainers Training to 132 functionaries i.e., Supervisors, AWWs and Instructors of Training Centers for 16 days through SODHANA Charitable Trust, Vizianagaram during 2008-2009. Introduced award of Pre-school Certificates to all children with effect from 2009. Proposal to appoint local tribal girls as Supervisors providing 1 year diploma training in home science college is under active consideration Proposal to introduce to self Appraisal and accreditation of AWCs and Sectors is under finalization for being introduced as a pilot project Monitoring System 1. Five Protocols developed to improve delivery of services: Fixed Nutrition and Health Day.

Prioritized home visits. Supportive supervisory visit. Structured sector meeting. Commodity supply chain management. 2. Grading Anganwadi Centers basing on their capabilities and thereby identify their training needs. 3. For immediate access to information and analysis of data GMIS Monitoring is introduced in Hyderabad District and proposed to scale up to 4 districts.

*** DISABLED WELFARE

8.12 As per the Persons with Disability (equal opportunities, protection of rights and full participation) Act, 1995, disability means - the persons with blindness, low vision, leprosy cured, hearing impairment, locomotor disability, mental retardation and mental illness. As per 2001 Census, the disabled population in Andhra Pradesh is 13,64,991. An independent Corporation in 1981 and a separate department in the year 1983 were established to look after the welfare of disabled in the state. The department is working towards implementation of Persons with Disabilities Act, 1995 and National Trust Act, 1999 and ensures multi-sectoral coordination with various Government departments for Prevention, Early identification and detection, Education, Employment, Rehabilitation, Mainstreaming, Networking and monitoring of Government of India grant-in-aid projects of NGOs. Category wise Disabled Population in Andhra Pradesh is as shown in Table 8.19.
Table 8.19 Category wise Disabled Population (2001 Census) Category Population Percentage (Nos.Lakhs) Visually Impaired 5.82 42.60 Mentally Retarded 1.55 11.37 Orthopaedically 4.16 30.47 Impaired Speech Impaired 1.39 10.18 Hearing Impaired 0.73 5.38 Total 13.65 100.00 Source:-Disabled Welfare Department

Achievements Government have enhanced the Diet charges to the inmates and boarders staying in hostels, homes, residential schools and attached hostels of trainingcum-production centre for disabled persons from Rs.338/- p.m. to Rs.473/p.m. for boarders up to 7th class and from Rs.412/- p.m. to Rs.535/- p.m. for boarders from 8th to Intermediate from the academic year, 2008-09. The cosmetic charges given to hostel boarders are also increased from Rs.20/to Rs.50/- for boys/men and from Rs.25/to Rs.75/- for girls/women. The stitching charges are increased from Rs.20/- per pair to Rs.40/- per pair. Hair cut charges are increased from Rs.5/- to Rs.12/-. The number of uniforms supplied is increased from 2 to 4 pairs per annum per boarder from the year 2008-09. The amount for supply of one set of bedding material is increased from Rs.120/- p.a. to Rs.300/- p.a. Additional toilets and bathrooms are provided in Hostels. Enhanced the amount of marriage incentive award from Rs.3,000 to Rs.10,000 for the marriages between differently abled persons and normal persons. Extended the benefits like pensions, scholarships, IAY houses, economic support schemes etc., to the disabled persons. Direct loans are being sanctioned to severely challenged students studying post graduate and professional courses to purchase motorized vehicles, sophisticated prosthetic aids etc. Enhanced the Post-matric scholarships, re-imbursement of tuition fees and special fees to disabled students on par with scheduled castes students from the year 2008-09. Enhanced the annual income ceiling of the parents from Rs.12,000 to Rs.1,00,000 for the educational schemes implemented by the department. Laptops are being provided to visually challenged students which will be an assistive device for promoting access to 147

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quality education and enhancing their professional skills. Programmes Implemented: Education Maintenance of 40 hostels and 3 homes with a sanctioned strength of 4215. 11 Residential Schools (6 for Hearing Impaired and 5 for Visually Impaired) with a sanctioned strength of 1850. 2 Residential Junior Colleges, one for hearing impaired and another for visually impaired with a sanctioned strength of 60 each. 7 KGBV schools for disabled girls. A training Centre to train the teachers of visually impaired persons is established and functioning in Hyderabad. Tuition fee reimbursement to the students studying Post metric courses. Sanction of 2,852 pre-matric scholarships and 399 post-matric scholarships to the students up to Dec,09. Sanction of 700 scholarships to Mentally Retarted Students up to Dec,09 as against the annual target of 2055. Social Security Sanctioned subsidy @ Rs.3000/- each to 1,695 disabled persons under economic rehabilitation scheme up to Dec,09 as against the annual target of 6600 beneficiaries. Sanctioned Incentive Awards for marriages between disabled and normal persons for 295 persons @ Rs.10,000/ Sanction of Petrol subsidy to the disabled persons who are having motorized vehicles. A.P.Vikalangula Cooperative Corporation The Corporation has taken up the following rehabilitation programmes. 1. Supply of Prosthetic Aids and Mobility Aids. 2. Supply of educational aids to individuals and institutions. 3. Facilities to impart training in various technical and non-technical trades. 4. Organizing employment generation production units with assured market for products. 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702

5. Creating awareness among parents for early detection and stipulation and treatment of various disabilities. The following schemes are being implemented by the A.P.Vikalangula Cooperative Corporation. Rehabilitation and supply of Prosthetic aids: The A.P.Vikalangula Cooperative Corporation is supplying aids and appliances like tricycles, wheel chairs, calipers, crutches, artificial limbs etc. to the needy disabled persons. Sound Library: Tape Recorders and cassettes with lessons recorded for intermediate and above classes are supplied to visually disabled students to pursue their studies. Braille Press: The Corporation prints and supplies the braille books to school going visually disabled students from 1st Class to 10th Class. Training: Imparting training to disabled persons in I.T.I. and Non-I.T.I. trades in the Trainingcum-Production Centers (TCPCs) established in 11 districts in the State.

*** BACKWARD CLASSES WELFARE

8.13 Backward Classes population falls under 135 communities pursuing traditional activities such as cattle and sheep rearing, toddy tapping, earth works, fishing, weaving, goldsmith, blacksmith, brass smith, carpentry, stone carving, laundry, pottery, oil pressing, basketry, hair dressing, tailoring and dyeing etc. Hostels: Hostels have been opened for providing free boarding and lodging to enable B.C. students to pursue their PreMatric studies. Rs.475/- per month for III to VII class boarders, and Rs.535/- per month for VIII to X class boarders is being paid towards diet charges per boarder, besides cosmetics at the rate of Rs.50/- per month for boys and Rs.55/- per month for girls up to class VII and Rs.75/- per month for Girls from class VIII to X class. Boarders are also supplied Note Books and four pairs of dresses every year. At present, there are 148

1,422 Govt. B.C. hostels (1,102 hostels for boys and 320 hostels for girls) including 14 hostels for De-notified and Nomadic Tribes. A total strength of 1,73,086 boarders were admitted in the B.C. hostels during 2008-09 and 1,78,969 have been admitted during 2009-10. All these hostels have a combination of 76% Backward Classes, 10% Scheduled Castes, 5% Scheduled Tribes, 3% Minorities and 6% other castes for the purpose of Social Integration. Out of 1,422 hostels, 802 hostels are located in Government buildings. Out of the remaining hostels, 135 buildings are under construction under Matching Grant Programme and under Centrally Sponsored Scheme to provide a clean and healthy atmosphere to the boarders of hostels. Still, 485 buildings are to be constructed. Results of X Class Students in B.C. Welfare Hostels is shown in the Table 8.20.
Table 8.20 Results of X Class Students in B.C. Welfare Hostels Year Results in Hostels State Average (%) (%) 2005 77.67 72.41 2006 77.75 73.16 2007 78.36 71.65 2008 83.32 75.47 2009 85.46 78.83 Source: Backward Classes Welfare Department

Residential Schools: 44 B.C. Residential Schools (28 for Boys and 16 for Girls) with a total strength of 14,792 students are functioning in the state. Results of X Class Students in Residential Schools is shown in the Table 8.21.
Table 8.21 Results of X Class Students in B.C. Welfare Residential Schools Year Results in Res. State Average Schools (%) (%) 2005 98.93 72.41 2006 99.60 73.16 2007 99.54 71.65 2008 99.24 75.47 2009 99.60 78.83 Source:Backward Classes Welfare Department

Students are sanctioned on par with Social Welfare Dept., for category A students from the year 2008-09. The income limit of Parents/Guardians of BC Students for getting scholarships and other educational benefits has been revised. The present ceiling of Rs.33,500/- per annum for getting scholarships in non professional courses and the ceiling of Rs.44,500/- per annum for obtaining scholarships in Professional courses has been enhanced to Rs.1,00,000/per annum for both professional and non professional courses. Further, the scholarship rates have been enhanced on par with Social Welfare and Tribal Welfare Departments. 9,77,536 students were sanctioned Post Matric Scholarships during the year 2008-09 and 4,16,673 students were sanctioned during 2009-10 upto December 2009. Similarly, 10,03,118 students have been sanctioned Reimbursement of Tuition Fee during the year 2008-09 and 1,67,591 students were sanctioned Reimbursement of Tuition Fee during the year 2009-10 upto December 2009. College Girls Hostels To encourage the BC Girls to pursue higher education, 300 new BC college girls hostels are opened @ one in each Assembly constituency in the State with a sanctioned strength of 100 boarders per hostel during the year 2008-09. Out of 323 (23 BC Girls Hostels were permitted to be converted as College Girls Hostels during the year 2005-06, but only 15 were converted and 300 newly sanctioned College Girls Hostels during 2008-09), 265 hostels have been started upto December 2009 with an admitted strength of 11,137. AP Study Circles for BCs There are 8 BC Study Circles functioning in the State to provide free coaching facilities to eligible BC unemployed graduates and Post graduates, who are appearing for various competitive examinations like Civil Services, State Group-I, Group-II and other examinations and also Government have sanctioned 7 new study circles. From the year 2007-08, new courses in the BPO sector have been started in the AP Study Circles. Training in medical transcription and 149

Post-Matric Scholarships and Reimbursement of Tuition Fee Post Matric Scholarships and Reimbursement of Tuition fee and Spl. Fee to all eligible BC 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702

Computer animation skills have been started in Hyderabad, Visakhapatnam and Anantapur Study circles for 60 students in each course and also industrial automation course has been started for B.E., B.Tech., and Diploma holders at Hyderabad. 4,886 students have been benefited during the year 2008-09 and 2892 students were benefited during the year 2009-10 upto December 2009. It is also proposed to give training in GATE and CAT for BC Engineering students to obtain better grades. A.P.Backward Classes Cooperative Finance Corporation The A.P.Backward Classes Cooperative Finance Corporation Ltd., Hyderabad was established in the year 1974 for the economic upliftment of the Backward Classes in the state. The Corporation is implementing the following schemes. 1. Margin Money 2. Rajiv Abhyudaya Yojana Margin Money (2009-10): Margin Money Programme is aimed at providing financial assistance to the B.C. beneficiaries in the activities under Agriculture and Allied Sectors, Small Business and Industry, Service and Transport Sectors. The scheme was implemented upto the year 2007-08 with 20% Margin Money from Corporation, 70% Bank Loan and 10% Beneficiary Contribution. From the year 2008-09 onwards, the funding pattern of the scheme has been revised with subsidy component from Corporation. The funding pattern of the restructured scheme is as follows. 1. Subsidy of 50% unit cost not exceeding Rs.30,000/- per beneficiary. 2. 10% of the unit cost as beneficiary contribution. 3. 40% or balance unit cost as Bank Loan. 4. The benefit of the scheme of Pavala Vaddi as applicable to the Women Self Help Groups shall be extended to the bank loan component of the units grounded under this scheme. During the year 2009-10 (upto November, 2009), 1953 units have been sanctioned

covering 2249 beneficiaries with financial assistance of Rs.231.39 lakhs. Rajiv Abhyudaya Yojana (2009-10): Rajiv Abhyudaya Yojana scheme launched during the year 2005-06 is aimed at providing financial assistance to the B.C.Artisans/ B.C.Occupational Groups in urban areas. The scheme is being implemented for a period of five years from 2005-06 to 2009-10. The scheme was implemented upto 2007-08 with the funding pattern of 20% as Term Loan by the Corporation, 70% by the Commercial Banks and 10% as Beneficiary Contribution. During the year 2009-10 (upto November, 2009), 2,653 units have been sanctioned covering 4,069 beneficiaries with financial assistance of Rs.432.15 lakhs as against budget allocation of Rs.500.00 lakhs. Andhra Pradesh Washermen Co-Op. Societies Federation The A.P. Washermen Co-op. Societies Federation Ltd., Hyderabad was established in the year 1982 for the economic upliftment of Washermen in the State. The Federation implements the following schemes: 1. Construction of Dhobighats, 2. Financial Assistance Scheme. Construction of Dhobighats: The unit cost of each Dhobighat is enhanced from Rs.1.25 lakhs to Rs.2.00 lakhs in the year 2008-09. 90% of the cost is sanctioned as subsidy by the Federation and the remaining 10% is contributed by the beneficiaries. In case, the cost exceeds Rs.2.00 lakhs the balance needs to be borne by the respective local body. Govt. have provided an amount of Rs.2057.50 lakhs for construction of Dhobighats, since the formation of the Federation i.e., 1982. About 2,970 Dhobighats have been taken up for construction with an amount of Rs.2046.67 lakhs. So far, 2,560 Dhobighats have been completed and the work in 412 Dhobighats are in progress. During 2009-10, an amount of Rs.50.00 lakhs is allocated for taking up 25 new Dhobighats. 150

8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702

Financial Assistance Scheme: Medium term loans are sanctioned to the eligible Primary Washermen Co-operative Societies ranging from Rs.2,000/- to Rs.5, 000/- per member at a simple interest of 5% repayable in 36 equal monthly installments. From 1982-83 to 2009-10, 2281 Primary Washermen Co-op. Societies, consisting of 1,62,200 Rajakas have been affiliated to this Federation. 1,199 Primary Washermen Cooperative Societies, consisting of 62,015 beneficiaries have been sanctioned medium term loans with an amount of Rs.729.40 lakhs. During the year 2008-09, a new Economic Support scheme called the Financial Assistance Scheme has been introduced by way of Subsidy with bank credit linkup instead of Medium Term loans. The unit cost fixed is Rs.1.50 lakhs for a group of 15 members with (50%)subsidy Rs.75,000/-, (40%) bank loan Rs. 60,000/- and (10%) beneficiary contribution Rs.15,000/An amount of Rs.50.00 lakhs is provided for 2009-10 for implementation of Financial Assistance scheme. So far, Rs.12.50 lakhs released to 17 Primary Washermen Cooperative Societies to cover 250 Rajaka beneficiaries. Andhra Pradesh Nayee Brahmins CoOperative Societies Federation The Andhra Pradesh Nayee Brahmin Cooperative Societies Federation Ltd., was established in the year 1989 for economic up liftment of Nayee Brahmins and the following schemes are implemented by the Federation for their upliftment. Financial Assistance. Medium term loans are sanctioned to the eligible Primary Nayee Brahmins Cooperative Societies ranging from Rs. 2,500/- to Rs. 5,000/- per member at a simple interest of 5% repayable in 36 equal monthly installments. From 1989-90 to 2009-10, 1732 Primary Nayee Brahmins Cooperative Societies have been affiliated to this Federation. 701 Primary Nayee Brahmins Cooperative Societies consisting of 34,778 beneficiaries have been sanctioned Medium Term Loans with an amount of Rs. 437.84 Lakhs. 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702

During the year 2008-09, Financial Assistance Scheme was introduced by way of Subsidy with bank credit linkup instead of Medium Term Loans in the federation with a unit cost of Rs.1.50 lakhs for a group of 15member society with (50%)subsidy Rs.75,000/-, (40%) bank loan Rs. 60,000/and (10%) beneficiary contribution Rs.15,000/- . An amount of Rs. 50.00 Lakhs is provided for 2009-10 for implementation of Financial Assistance scheme. So far, Rs. 12.75 Lakhs is released to 17 Primary Nayee Brahmins Cooperative Societies to cover 271 Nayee Brahmin beneficiaries. Andhra Pradesh Vaddera Cooperative Societies Federation The Andhra Pradesh Vaddera Cooperative Societies Federation Ltd., was established in the year 2006. The main object of the Federation is to implement various schemes for economic upliftment of poor Vaddera Community. 2,086 primary vaddera societies are registered and affiliated to the Federation. Since inception, 68 societies have been extended financial assistance under the scheme. During the year 2008-09, Financial Assistance Scheme was introduced for extending economic support to members of registered primary co-operative societies. The scheme contains subsidy with bank credit linkage with an unit cost of Rs.1.50 lakhs for a 15 member primary society with (50%)subsidy Rs.75,000/-, (40%) bank loan Rs. 60,000/- and (10%) beneficiary contribution Rs.15,000/-. During the year 2009-10, an amount of Rs.13.50 lakhs was spent by way of release of subsidy to 18 societies covering 270 vaddera beneficiaries.

*** SOCIAL WELFARE

8.14 The Scheduled Caste Population in the state has increased from 105.92 1akhs in 1991 to123.39 lakhs in 2001 registering a growth of 16.50 percent. As per the Census 2001, the Scheduled Castes population forms 16.19 per percent of the total population of Andhra Pradesh. More than 82% of the 151

Scheduled Castes are living in rural areas. Sex Ratio among the Scheduled Castes is 981, which is higher than the State average of 978. The percentage of SC population in rural areas has declined from 88.9 percent in 1961 to 82.8 per cent in 2001. The literacy rate among SCs was 53.52 in 2001, lower than the All India percent of 54.69. The principal objectives of Social Welfare Department are Educational Advancement, Socio-Economic Development, Welfare and Protection of Scheduled Castes. Scheduled Castes Sub-Plan (SCSP): Under the Special Component Plan for SCs, it has been imperative for all the Government departments to earmark 16.2 % of their Plan Outlay i.e. in proportion to the SC population in the State, exclusively for the development of SCs. The Nodal Agency under the Chairmanship of Honble Minister (SW) and the Apex Committee under the Chairmanship of Honble Chief Minister review the allocations and expenditure under SCSP during the year. The SCSP outlay for 2009-10 is Rs. 5,243.17 crores, and the expenditure under SCSP during 2009-10(upto December,09) is Rs. 1708.69 Crores indicating an achievement of 32.59%. Educational Programs: Hostels: During 2009-10, there are 2,358 hostels (Boys 1,691 and Girls 667) in the State with an intake of 2.48 lakhs. Government have enhanced the mess charges in Govt. Hostels from Rs.338/- p.m. to Rs.475/- p.m. for boarders up to 7th class and from Rs.412/- p.m. to Rs.535/- p.m. for boarders from 8th to 10th class from the academic year, 2008-09. The cosmetic charges given to hostel boarders are also increased from Rs.22/- to Rs.50/- for boys and from Rs.40/- to Rs.75/- for girls. The stitching charges are increased from Rs.20/per pair to Rs. 40/- per pair. Hair cut charges are increased from Rs.5/- to Rs.12/-. The number of dresses supplied is increased from 2 to 4 dresses per annum per boarder from the year 2008-09. Further, medical 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 152

insurance is also being provided to the hostel boarders covering accidental death cases also. Samkshema Bata: An innovative exercise was taken up, in which the Honble Ministers and MLAs personally visit Social welfare hostels to list out the repairs to be taken up in the hostels. For repairs of Government Hostel Buildings and to provide infrastructure facilities an amount of Rs.50 crores was provided, i.e, Rs.35 crores for repairs and Rs.15 crores for construction of new toilets and bathrooms for hostel boarders @ of 1:10 boarders. 1910 works have been takenup and out of which, 1457 have been completed and remaining works are in progress. Ananda Nilayams: At present, there are 79 Ananda Nilayams functioning in the State. 50 percent of the seats in Ananda Nilayams are filled up with orphan students and the remaining 50 percent with the children whose parents are engaged in unclean occupations. The inmates in these Ananda Nilayams are provided all facilities on par with the boarders in Social Welfare hostels. The details of Ananda Nilayams are shown in Table 8.22.
Table 8.22 Ananda Nilayams Year
Institut ions

Boys

Girls 3189 3180 3236 3263 3275

Total 7250 6655 6945 7363 7237

2005-06 79 4061 2006-07 79 3475 2007-08 79 3709 2008-09 79 4100 2009-10 79 3962 Source: Social Welfare Department

Results: There has been considerable improvement in the results of 10th class in Social Welfare Hostels. During March 2009, 24,482 students appeared for SSC examinations and 20,518 students passed in the State. The overall pass percentage is 83.81 as against the State average of 78.83. During the year 2009-10, 3,684 S.C. boarders who obtained good marks in SSC were admitted in reputed Junior Colleges like

Narayana, Chaitanya, etc. SSC results of students in Social welfare hostels are shown in Table 8.23.
Table 8.23 SSC Results of Students in SW Hostels Year Appe Passed % of % of ared hostel State results Average 2003 13919 10530 75.65 75.00 2004 16294 13853 85.02 80.55 2005 19299 14478 75.02 72.41 2006 23742 18101 76.24 73.16 2007 22250 17286 77.69 71.36 2008 22072 17728 80.31 75.31 2009 24482 20518 83.81 78.83 Source: Social Welfare Department

Colleges Hostels: Prior to 2009-10, there were 152 Scheduled Caste College Hostels (71 for Boys and 81 for Girls) functioning with an intake of 100 students for each hostel. 21,182 students are admitted in the hostels during 2009-10. Government is providing electricity charges, house rent, water charges and scholarships. The students themselves are maintaining the mess through mess committees. Government have sanctioned 400 college hostels i.e., 200 for boys and 200 for girls during 2009-10. Post-Matric Scholarships: Residential and Non-Residential scholarships are being awarded to all eligible Post-Matric students belonging to the Scheduled Castes. This scholarship amount includes maintenance charges for the students and non-refundable fee payable to the institution, expenses on study tours and typing charges of thesis etc. The existing income ceilings for the award of Post-Matric scholarships is Rs.1.00 lakh per annum from the year 2008-09. SC Research scholars in M.Phil course will get a fellowship of Rs.500/- per month and Rs.1,000/- per annum towards contingent expenditure on data collection, etc. The Scheduled Caste Research Scholars in Ph.D. Course would be sanctioned a sum of Rs.600/- per month towards maintenance and Rs.1,500/- per annum towards contingencies. During 2009-10 an amount of Rs. 600.62 Crores is provided to cover six lakh SC students. From the year 2008-09, applications for scholarships and sanction of scholarships 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 153

were made online to ensure that scholarships reach the students by the 1st of every month and also to ensure transparency by keeping all the information in the public domain. Distribution of House Sites: The income ceiling for allotment of house sites to weaker section families, free of cost, is Rs.11,000/per annum. Each family is eligible for allotment of an extent of 3 cents of wetland or 5 cents of dry land or 60 sq. yards per family in urban areas towards house sites. In the acquisition program, land is also allotted for common purposes like internal roads, schools and community halls etc. The allocation of house-sites among various sections of population is as follows: Scheduled Castes - 40% Scheduled Tribes - 10% Backward Classes - 30% Minorities - 10% Other Economically poor - 10% During 2009-10, an amount of Rs.60.00 crores was allotted. Under INDlRAMMA programme 1st phase 4,09,433 house sites were provided. Similarly, 4,66,681 house sites were distributed upto September 2009 under INDIRAMMA 2nd phase and 2,40,506 house sites have been distributed so far under INDIRAMMA Programme 3rd Phase. Andhra Pradesh Scheduled Castes Cooperative Finance Corporation Ltd: A.P. Scheduled Castes Cooperative Finance Corporation Ltd., was established in the year 1974. Objectives: To plan, promote and take up Economic Assistance programs in the fields of Agriculture Development, Animal Husbandry, Marketing, Processing, Supply and Storage of Agriculture Products, Small Scale Industry, Cottage Industry, Trade, Business or any other activity which enables the members of Scheduled Castes to earn for a better living and helps them to improve their standard of living. To undertake programs of employment oriented Cottage and Small Scale Industries etc., by providing technical know-how, managerial assistance and financial

During 2008-09, an amount of Rs. 376.57 Crores was incurred as expenditure towards financial assistance for the benefit of 2,54,357 Scheduled Caste beneficiaries. During 2009-10, an amount of Rs. 129.07 Crores was incurred as expenditure towards financial assistance for the benefit of 1,12,451 S.C beneficiaries as on 30-11-2009. Investments: The Corporation, since inception i.e., from 1974 upto 2008-09, has grounded various economic support programmes benefiting 46,08,197 Scheduled Caste families with an outlay of Rs. 3,614.60 Crores. The Corporation has adopted model schemes to serve as incentives to the prospective Scheduled Caste beneficiaries. The District Societies have, however, been allowed to take up any new scheme which is viable and feasible. During the year 2009-10, an amount of Rs. 13 Crores is allocated by GoI and Rs. 14.99 crores allocated by Government of A.P towards Share Capital. Government of Andhra Pradesh announced Waiver of loan with interest upto Rs. 1.00 lakh per beneficiary and all welfare Corporations shall as facilitators to obtain institutional finance duly providing Rs. 30,000/- or 50% of the scheme cost whichever is less as subsidy. Accordingly, A.P.S.C. Cooperative Finance Corporation has adopted the new pattern of Rs. 30,000/- or 50% of the scheme cost as subsidy from SCA provided by Government of India and other subsidies provided by State Government. Special Central Assistance (SCA): Special Central Assistance provided by Government of India is being utilized for providing subsidy and for non-recurring items like making the schemes given to the target groups really bankable and effective and to provide infrastructure to meet backward and forward linkages at district level. During 200910, an amount of Rs.45 crores is allocated under SCA to Special Component Plan. Economic Support Program: Many of the SC families have been assigned agriculture lands but the income derived from such land is very meagre. It is therefore, essential to provide irrigation facilities to these lands to 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702

enable the assignees to reap maximum benefit. Emphasis is made to cover these lands by providing irrigation facilities, land development, horticulture and minor irrigation etc., in the Action Plan for 2009-10. Initiatives: Government issued orders in July, 2009 to waive Margin Money, NSFDC and NSKFDC loans with interest of less than Rs. One lakh for Scheduled Caste loanees, who availed these loans and outstanding as on 2902-2008. An amount of Rs.1176.82 crores of loans of 17,80,842 Scheduled Caste beneficiaries has been waived and made them free from corporation loans. The subsidy component has been enhanced to Rs.30,000/- from Rs. 10,000/- or 50% of the unit cost whichever is less. Special Rehabilitation Scheme for Scheduled Caste released Prisoners is being implemented. Pavala Vaddi is made applicable to promote prompt repayment of Bank Loans. The per capita investment which was Rs. 730/- during 1974-75, has gradually been increased upto Rs. 18,000/- in recent years. It is expected to reach upto Rs. 50,000/- in the Action Plan of 2009-10 with a view to attain sustainable income to poor SC beneficiaries.

*** TRIBAL WELFARE

8.15 The tribal population of Andhra Pradesh according to 2001 Census is 50.24 lakhs constituting about 6.59% of the total population of the State. The Scheduled areas extend over 31,485.34 sq. Kms, which is about 11% of total area of the State with 5,938 villages distributed in Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, Visakhapatnam, East Godavari, West Godavari, Khammam, Warangal, Adilabad and Mahabubnagar Districts. There are no scheduled areas in the other districts. There are 35 ST communities living in the State. Of the 50.24 lakhs tribal population, 30.47 lakhs are found in the above mentioned 9 districts. The remaining tribal population of 19.77 lakhs is distributed in the other districts. 154

Tribal development did not get translated into a definite program of action till the 4th Five Year Plan period until the socio-economic development of STs was accepted as a general goal. The concept of tribal sub-plan strategy was evolved after a detailed comprehensive review of the tribal problem was taken during 5th Five Year Plan. For implementation of the strategy, Integrated Tribal Development Agencies (ITDAs) were conceived. During 6th Five Year Plan, Modified Area Development Approach (MADA) was adopted to cover smaller areas of tribal concentration and for still smaller areas the cluster approach was adopted. Now, there are 41 MADA Pockets and 17 Clusters. During 7th Five Year Plan, the programs were extended to Dispersed Tribal Groups (DTGs) also. By the end of 9th Five Year Plan, the Program priorities of Tribal Welfare Department are provision of incentives to students by way of free boarding and lodging for hostellers and package of incentives like supply of text books, note books, dresses etc. For the first time, 82 Primary Health Centers were sanctioned during 2004 exclusively for tribal areas to improve access to primary health care. All efforts are being made to ensure that all the tribal habitations are provided with safe drinking water. Areas inhabited by primitive tribal groups and remote areas of the ITDAs and MADAs are by and large lacking in necessary infrastructural facilities required for a minimum standard of living. The availability of infrastructure facilities in the tribal areas is far below the State and National averages. The general literacy rate is 60.5% as per 2001 Census, while the ST literacy is 37.04%. Government accorded high priority for the accelerated development of tribals by implementing socio economic development programs. Major focus is on Education, Health and Land based schemes. Tribal Welfare Department assists the tribal population in the field of education, economic development and other programs. Tribal Cultural Research And Training Institute (TCR & TI): It is established in the year 1963. The key functions of the institute are to conduct 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 155

ethnographic studies on tribes of AP, carryout socio economic and bench mark surveys, formulate perspective plans for Integrated Tribal Development Agencies (ITDAs) and Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs) and impart various types of orientation trainings to officials and non officials engaged in tribal development. Girijan Cooperative Corporation (GCC): Efforts to eliminate exploitation by private traders are being continued. The Girijan Cooperative Corporation Ltd., Visakhapatnam is purchasing minor forest produce with monopoly rights in 38 items. A.P. Scheduled Tribe Co-Operative Finance Corporation (TRICOR): The A.P. Scheduled Tribe Co-operative Finance Corporation (TRICOR) is providing margin money needed for the tribals to draw institutional finance for the economic development programs. Tribal Welfare Engineering Wing: Tribal Welfare Engineering wing is looking after construction of Ashram Schools, Hostels, Residential Schools/ITIs/ Polytechnics/Degree Colleges, formation of roads in agency areas, Construction of Community and Individual latrines and works sponsored by other agencies. A.P. Tribal Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society (GURUKULAM): It is established in the year 1999 bifurcating from A.P. Residential Educational Institutions Society and renamed as GURUKULAM. It takes care of enrolment and retention of tribal children and improvement in the quality of education. It is responsible for the effective management of the institutions. A.P. Tribal Power Company Limited (TRIPCO): Government of Andhra Pradesh promoted Tribal Power Company to establish, generate and operate Mini Hydel Power Projects and other non conventional power projects like Solar, Bio-mass etc., in tribal areas. Projects will be owned and managed by local tribals constituted into a project committee.

A.P. Tribal Mining Pvt. Limited (TRIMCO): Tribal Mining limited was established under companies Act 1956 during the year 2001 as Joint Venture Company (JVC) of AP TRICOR (74%) and APMDC (26%). The objective is to facilitate mining operations in tribal areas for the benefit of tribals by framing Tribal Mining Cooperative Societies, and providing safe and scientific mining methods to the tribals. Budget: The Departments budget for 200910 is Rs.770.99 cr. consisting of Rs.400.27 cr. under Non-Plan and Rs.370.72 cr. under Plan (Including Rs.61.39 cr. under CSS). 71% of the budget Rs.610.42 Cr. was allocated towards tribal education. Achievements during 2009-10: Education: Tribal Welfare Department is maintaining 599 Ashram Schools with strength of 1,59,203, 442 Hostels with strength of 79,640 and 4,317 Girijana Vidya Vikasa Kendras (Single Teacher Schools) renamed as Government Primary Schools (TW) with a strength of 1,01,852. There are 56 Residential Schools, 12 Residential Schools for Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs), 4 English Medium Schools, 49 Residential Junior Colleges, 2 Upgraded Residential Junior Colleges, 3 Schools of Excellence, 3 Colleges of Excellence, 41 Mini Gurukulams and 90 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas with a strength of 73,081, of which 34,081 are boys and 39,000 are girls. 5,030 seats increased in residential institutions during 2009-10. 7,774 ST students admitted additionally over previous year in TW GURUKULAM institutions. Enhancement of diet charges: Government have enhanced diet charges of ST boarders by 40% in 2008-09. New Menu: In tune with increased diet charges the revised menu along with detailed guidelines on the procedure, quality, hygienic and other practices were communicated to all Project Officers of ITDAs and DTWOs. The menu charts have been displayed in the hostels, ashram schools and residential institutions. The menu was also published in 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 156

telugu daily news papers for public information. Revised incentives: Government have enhanced/revised certain incentives that are being provided to the ST boarders from 2008-09. Supply of bedding material is made once in every year, four pairs of dresses are being supplied every year and hair cutting/ cosmetic/stitching charges were also enhanced. CBSE Syllabus: Government have introduced English medium with CBSE syllabus from 2009-10 in 2 sections of class 5th and 6th in 158 tribal welfare Ashram Schools and 74 Residential Schools benefiting 32,307 students. Corporate Education in Intermediate: 2,751 ST students were admitted in reputed corporate colleges for quality education in Intermediate by paying Rs.35,000/- per student per year. One D.Ed College was sanctioned at Bhadrachalam in 2008. 75% of seats in the degree colleges located in agency areas are reserved for local ST students. Results: 78% of students in Hostels, 86% of students in Ashram Schools and 93% of students in TW Residential Schools passed SSC Public Examinations held in March, 2009. 49% of students in TW Residential Junior Colleges passed in Intermediate 1st year Examinations held in March, 2009. 68% of students in TW Residential Junior Colleges passed in Intermediate II year Examinations held in March, 2009. Health Insurance: The health insurance scheme has been renewed for 2009-10 also with National Insurance Company Limited and an amount of Rs.89,45,356/- was paid as annual premium @ 26/- per boarder (including service tax) to cover 3,11,924 ST student boarders studying in ashram schools, hostels, K.G.B.Vs, residential schools, residential junior colleges and Mini Gurukulams. 1673 cases were treated and reimbursed an amount of Rs.35,17,470/- up to November, 2009.

Pre-Matric Scholarships: Government have enhanced pre-matric scholarships by 10% during the year 200809. 5,918 ST students studying in 112 reputed schools under Best Available Schools Scheme are receiving pre-matric scholarships @ Rs.8,800/- to Rs.20,000/- per annum per boarder. ST students are sponsored for admission in Hyderabad Public Schools (HPS) to get quality education. 304 ST students are studying in Hyderabad Public Schools and receiving quality education during this year. Post-Matric Scholarships: 81,517 ST students are receiving Post-Matric Scholarships during the current year (up to 30-9-09). An amount of Rs.45.34 crores was spent on Post- Matric Scholarships. Government enhanced income ceiling limit of parents of ST students for sanction of Post- Matric Scholarships to Rs.1,00,000/-. Government have issued orders to sanction, drawal and disbursement of post matric scholarships through online from the academic year 2008-09. 1,03,615 fresh applications and 95,505 renewal applications were received through on line from ST students (as on 19-12-2009). Maintenance charges for ST students were enhanced by 30% during 2008-09. Samkshema Bata: Government have sanctioned an amount of Rs.55.07 crores towards essential repairs and construction of new toilet blocks in 1,174 TW educational institutions (as on 31-10-2009). Conservation cum Development Plan for PTGs: Conservation cum Development Plan for the Primitive Tribal Groups of AP for the XI Five year plan with a total cost of Rs.115.98 crores was prepared and submitted to Government of India. The GoI have released an amount of Rs.8.60 cr. to take up priority projects like establishment of nutritional rehabilitation centers, land purchase, viability gap funding for indiramma houses and coverage of balance of PTG families under Janasri Bhima Yojana for the welfare of PTGs and the same was released to the concerned 7 Districts. Nine branch drug stores were sanctioned at ITDA head quarters. 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 157

Village Tribal Development Associations (VTDAs): Government have issued orders to organize village development Associations (VTDAs) duly replacing the village development committees (VDCs) in all tribal habitations having more than 70 households and located in TSP areas and which are not major Gram Panchayats. The main purpose of this concept was to ensure participation of the tribal community in all development activities in addition to the works/functions already being performed by VDCs and to inculcate a sense of ownership of community assets, ensure proper and equitable development to the Tribal Sub Plan villages in the state. Financial powers of VTDAs has been enhanced from Rs.5.00 lakhs to Rs.10.00 lakhs for all building works, road works other than BT roads, minor irrigation works and all maintenance works. Strengthening of Tribal Welfare Educational Institutions: As a part of strengthening of 231 Educational Institutions, Government decided to provide toilets and bathrooms at the rate of 20 toilets and 20 bathrooms for each institution. An amount of Rs.25.13 crores was sanctioned. Girijan Co-operative Corporation: Girijan Co-operative Corporation is targeted to procure Rs.22.80 crores worth of Minor Forest Produce and Agricultural Produce during 2009-10 The activity wise performance depicted in the Table 8.24.
Table 8.24 Performance of GCC during 2009-10 (Rs.Crores) Activity Target Achievement

22.80 MFP/AP Procurement Sales of ECs and 173.25 Other DRs. 6.00 Credit Disbursement 8.00 Credit Recovery 25.00 RMD Sales 235.05 Total Source: - Tribal Welfare Department

3.46 81.28 1.53 0.35 5.72 92.34

TRICOR: For the year 2009-10, TRICOR has prepared action plan with an out lay of Rs.309.58 cr. to benefit 3,77,677 ST beneficiaries under economic support schemes

including training and employment generation programs. An amount of Rs.35.78 crores was spent so far, covering 1,51,970 ST beneficiaries. Subsidy: Government have taken a decision to increase subsidy from Rs.10,000/- to Rs.30,000/from 2009-10 onwards. It will be limited to 50% of the total unit cost or Rs.30,000/- whichever is less. Units costing more than Rs.10.00 lakhs will be assisted by specialized agencies under Industries and Commerce department. Coffee Project: Coffee plantation project during XI Five year plan has been contemplated with financial assistance from Coffee Board (25%), GOAP (25%) and (50%) beneficiary contribution in the form of labor to take up coffee in 60,000 acres with an out lay of Rs.148.00 cr. Coffee including pepper was taken up in 12,000 acres and Silver Oak in 20,000 acres with an expenditure of Rs.148.82 lakhs in Paderu ITDA area of Visakapatnam District. Rubber Project: During the current year, plantations were taken up in 4,962 acres with an expenditure of Rs.3.89 cr in R.C.Varam ITDA area. Organic farming project: The Organic farming project is under implementation in 3 ITDAs i.e., Seethampeta, Eturunagaram and Bhadrachalam. The project is jointly funded by TW department and Horticulture department. An amount of Rs.64.98 lakhs was spent to benefit 3,171 ST beneficiaries. Land Transfer Regulations: 76,651 cases were detected, 74,807 cases were disposed and 36,354 cases were decided in favor of STs. Mini Hydel Projects (TRIPC0): 23 Fresh DPRs and PFRs for Mini Hydel Projects were prepared for sanction with an estimated capacity of 24.38 MW and with an estimated project cost of Rs.143.75 cr. Reconnaissance survey for 25 locations is completed by specialist agencies. 3 Mini Hydel Power Projects have been taken up at Vetamamidi, Pinjarikonda and Mitlapalem in ITDA, Rampa Chodavaram, East Godavari District. Under Village energy security program (VESP), the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, GoI have sanctioned three Bio Fuel Energy based projects at Marripalem, Biligondapenta and Chinnarutla villages in Prakasam district at a cost of Rs.53.48 lakhs.

Referral Fund: 200 Tribal people suffering from chronic ailments were given financial assistance for treatment in referral hospitals. Inter Caste Marriages: 31 couples received incentives so far for inter caste marriages, if one of the spouses belongs to ST. Tribal Sub Plan(TSP): During the year 2009-10, the Tribal sub-plan outlay is Rs.2370.86 crores, which is 7.08% in the total state plan outlay. The expenditure incurred is Rs.833.76 crores indicating an achievement of 35.17% (upto December,09). Recognition of Forest Rights Act, 2006 (RoFR): Operational guidelines for implementation of RoFR Act were issued by Government and communicated to all District Collectors/Project Officers of ITDAs and other concerned officers. 3,27,143 claims were received covering an area of 19,11,074 acres, 1,82,093 claims were approved covering 14,21,904 acres and 1,73,106 certificate of titles were issued covering 13,68,098 acres. Infrastructure Development: As part of strengthening infrastructure facilities in tribal areas, 77 road works have been taken up under RIDFXIV (NABARD) in 2008-09 with an estimated cost of Rs.136.85 crores. Under Article 275 (i), 25 road works have been taken up with an estimated cost of Rs.15.55 cr. in ITDA areas. Weeding out false ST Claims: 8,049 cases were scrutinized before admission into various courses like Medical, Engineering, Polytechnic etc., and 41 were found to be doubtful or false. Establishment of Integrated Tribal Development Agency (ITDA) for Development of Scheduled Tribes in Plain Areas: Government accorded administrative sanction for establishment of Integrated Tribal Development Agency (ITDA) for the development of STs in plain areas in Feb, 2009. The jurisdiction of the ITDA subject to the exclusion of areas included in ITDAs Chenchus at Srisailam and Yanadies at Nellore shall extend to the districts of Krishna, Gunture, Prakasam, Nellore, Chittor, Kadapa, Anantapur, Kurnool, Mahabubnagar, Hyderbad, Ranga Reddy,

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Medak, Karimnagar, Nalgonda.

Nizamabad

and

Dr. Y.S.Rajasekhara Reddy Study Circle for STs: Government have issued orders in September, 2009 establishing a study circlecum-preexamination-training centre to cater to training needs of the educational tribal youth in the State with a sanctioned strength of 100 seats and started with 75 admitted strength.

*** MINORITIES WELFARE

8.16 India is a vast nation with a fabric like interwoven society with many religious and ways of life. As a secular country, Governments endeavor has always been to ensure carrying its entire population, including the Minorities, on the path of progress. The Department of Minorities Welfare was created in the year 1993 with the transfer of related subjects from the departments of Revenue, General Administration, Employment, Youth Services and Education. Schemes and policies have been put in place to ensure the upliftment of Minorities under the aegis of the Minorities Finance Corporation. The advancement of Minorities requires attention from several angles. As per 2001 Census, the population of Minorities in Andhra Pradesh is around 82.00 lakhs, which constitutes over 11 % of the total population of the State. The population of Minorities is generally urbanbased. A large segment of Minority population is living below poverty line. The share of Minorities in different economic support schemes has also been very low. The Minorities in general and their women counterparts in particular, have been highly backward, both educationally and economically. The Main problems of Minorities and the Governmental intervention are attempted in the following areas: Economic Development; Women Development; Educational Development; Protection and Development of Wakf Properties; 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 159

Protection and Development of Urdu Language; Social and Cultural Development; and Removing the sense of discrimination. Government have taken various initiatives for the overall development of the minorities Some of them are briefed below: A.P. State Minorities Commission: It was constituted in 1979. Subsequently, Government, in 1998, have enacted the A.P. State Minorities Commission Act, 1998. The Minorities Commission is looking into specific issues being faced by minority community. A.P. State Minorities Finance Corporation and A. P. Christian Finance Corporation The Andhra Pradesh State Minorities Finance Corporation Limited was incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 in the year 1985, to assist the weaker sections of Minorities viz., Muslims, Sikhs, Buddhists and Parsis etc. for their socio economic development through banks for which the corporation provides subsidy component only for the schemes viz. i) economic assistance for setting up of businesses, Industrial, Service, Agriculture and allied viable activities and Grant in Aid for Welfare Schemes. A separate Corporation viz., Andhra Pradesh State Christian Finance Corporation has been established in 2009 for welfare of weaker sections of Christians. Activities during 2009-10: (30/09/09) Subsidy Grant for Bankable Scheme: The corporation envisaged to provide Subsidy for Bankable Scheme to 2667 beneficiaries to the tune of Rs. 400.00 lakhs. Pre Matric Scholarships: The Corporation envisaged to provide Pre Matric Scholarships of Rs. 1195.31 lakhs to 1,70,759 students. Post Matric Scholarships: The Corporation envisaged to provide Post Matric Scholarships to 1,28,701 students the tune of Rs. 3378.69 lakhs. Reimbursement of Tuition Fee: The Corporation envisaged to extend an amount of Rs. 5875.00 lakhs towards Tuition Fee Reimbursement. Maintenance of Pre and Post Matric Hostels for Minorities: The Corporation

has provided Rs.400.00 lakhs towards maintenance of Pre and Post Matric Hostels for Minorities. Improvement and Development of Residential Schools and colleges for minorities: An amount of Rs.600.00 lakhs was provided for development of Residential Schools. Andhra Pradesh State Wakf Board: Government have sanctioned Rs. 70.67 crores for the Wakf Board from 1995-96 to 2008-09 for various schemes like Repair and Maintenance of Wakf Institutions, Repairs, Revolving Fund for construction of Shopping Complexes, Grant-in aid towards payment of legal expenses and repayment of loans, Construction and maintenance of Haj House, Conduct of Marriages to Poor Muslim Girls, Maintenance assistance to Muslim Divorced Families, etc. Urdu Academy : The Urdu Academy was established in 1975 for Promotion, Protection and Development of Urdu Language and Literature. It provides Grant-in-Aid towards -- preserving and promotion of Urdu language, Scholarships and fees re-imbursement to urdu medium students, Vocational training in Urdu computer education Courses, providing Infrastructure facilities in Urdu Schools and assistance to AP Open(Urdu) school etc. Centre for Educational Development of Minorities(CEDM) Under this scheme, CEDM is taking steps to improve the Classroom Performance of School Children Belonging to Minorities. It has adopted the schools with dismal performance to provide basics and improve the performance in SSC Examination. Centre distributes workbooks in Maths-I, Maths-II, Physical Sciences, Biological Sciences, English and Telugu (7) to X class Urdu Medium students (coaching and noncoaching) throughout AP. The free coaching programme covers a period of six months from August to February every year. Dairatul Maarif-Il - Osmania: The Dairatul Maarif is an autonomous body. It is one of the leading institutions of India, which carries out research on Arabic works 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702

written during the classical and mediaeval era. Each and every work selected goes through the process of careful transcription and diligent collation of different manuscripts available by a team of renowned scholars before it goes for printing and publication. The Dairatul Maarif-il-Osmania has so far published about 175 works of seminal importance all being welcomed warmly by the world of learning. A.P.State Haj Committee: To perform religious duties, thousands of Muslims of the State proceed to Saudi Arabia in order to perform Haj. Haj Committee constituted by A.P. Government has been providing all the required facilities to Hajis. A total amount of Rs. 70.00 lakhs is provided as Grant-in-Aid during 2009-10 to A.P. State Haj Committee.

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YOUTH SERVICES
8.17 The Youth Welfare Schemes are categorized as (a) providing Self Employment to the un- employed youth, (b) Training to provide employment and (c) other participatory programmes. Rajiv Yuvashakthi Programme is implemented to provide financial assistance, to create self employment opportunities to the eligible unemployed youth to establish Self employment units in Industry, Service and Business Sectors. Suitable training programmes are designed and implemented as per the market demand and needs of the youth to make them employable in association with the Industry. To facilitate the unemployed youth for enrolment into Army, CRPF and other allied services, Commissionerate of Youth Services is organizing suitable training programmes in association with Police and NCC officials in all Districts. In addition to Self Employment and Training Programmes, youth empowerment programmes like Youth Leadership Training Programmes, Youth Exchange Programmes, Youth Festivals, Shramadan programmes, Mass mobilization programmes like Aids Awareness Campaign, Literary, Family Planning etc., are organized. 160

Rajiv Yuvashakthi Programme: An employment generation programme, Rajiv Yuvashakthi was taken up by Government of Andhra Pradesh for the benefit of unemployed youth. Three types of schemes are being implemented under this self employment programme viz. Individual (Rs. 1.00 Lakh), Group (Rs. 3.00 Lakhs to 5.00 Lakhs) and Petty (Rs. 0.50 Lakh) with 20% Subsidy, 10% Beneficiary Contribution and 70% Bank Loan. During 2008-09, 24,724 units were grounded with a project cost of Rs.159.42 crores, involving a subsidy of Rs.31.63 crores. The achievements under Rajiv Yuvashakthi Programme are given in Annexure 8.13. Pre Army Recruitment Scheme of Pre Army Recruitment training is aimed for eligible unemployed youth to enable them for enhancing chances of recruitment in ARMY, Air Force, CRPF and other Allied services. The training is designed for 30 days prior to the Recruitment rallies with free boarding and lodging besides academic assistance. Department of Youth Services is extending necessary administrative support to authorities for recruitment rallies whenever held in the districts. During 2007-08, 1,931members have undergone training and 1,887 youth have got selected. During 2008-09, 5,175 members have undergone training and 3,824 youth have got selected. Skill Development Training Programme Commissionerate of Youth Services is identifying employment opportunities in private sector by conducting market survey in association with the departments/ training institutions, like Reddys Foundation, APITCO, APPC, SRTRI, NIIT, Handlooms and Textiles, LIDCAP etc. Skill development training programmes are taken up to impart employable skills to unemployed youth. The skill upgradation trainings are organized in various demand oriented courses like security services, masonry, bar bending, IT enabled services, LMV driving; bedsides nursing assistants, Call Centre executives, hotel management, garment making, Auto Cad, 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702

hardware etc. and assisting the youth in getting placement in various private organizations as a part of wage employment. During 2008-09, placements were provided to 32,682 members with a minimum salary of Rs.2,500/- and above. For the year 2009-10, a sum of Rs.1,924.13 lakhs is provided and is targeted to provide benefit to 6,000 youth in ongoing programs.

HOUSING
8.18 Andhra Pradesh has been the pioneer in implementing Housing for all duly aiming at the objective of National Housing Policy of Shelter for all and committed to making Housing for all a reality. Key principles followed in implementing the housing programme are: Providing affordable housing with adequate amenities and healthy environment for Economically Weaker Sections. Facilitating access to affordable housing for the Lower Income Groups both, in rural and urban areas. Complementing construction of housing with provision of basic services to ensure clean and comfortable cities and towns. The pioneering effort of the Andhra Pradesh State Housing Corporation Limited (APSHCL) in motivating and educating beneficiaries and introducing the concept of Self-Helf and Mutual-Help has succeeded not only in creating awareness among the beneficiaries to drive away from exploitation by middlemen and in reducing the cost of construction by adoption of Cost-Effective and Eco-Friendly Technologies, but also helped in capacity building and utilization of human resources among rural and poor. The introduction of Beneficiaries Melas and Preconstruction orientation programs helped immensely in increasing the willing participation of the beneficiaries. To meet the demand of building materials and also to minimize the cost of construction, APSHCL is encouraging the production and usage of Cost Effective and Eco Friendly materials by the beneficiaries. 88 Nirmithi 161

Kendras/ Sub Nirmithi Kendras were established all over the State on spreading the use of such materials and technologies. So far, Rs.412.60 Lakhs worth of building components such as Sand Cement Blocks, Fal- G Blocks, Pre-Cast door and Window frames, Cement Jallies, RCC Rafters etc., have been produced and utilized for the housing program. Under Weaker Section Housing Program, since inception till the end of September 2009, 91,73,067 houses have been completed comprising of 84,36,505 in rural area and 7,36,562 in urban areas. Year wise achievements upto September 2009 are given in Annexure 8.14. Rajiv Swagruha: Government of Andhra Pradesh embarked upon a unique and affordable housing scheme called Rajiv Swagruha for moderate income groups in the urban area of the State in the year 2007. The project is demand driven and self financed. It provides an enabling environment for fulfilling the shortage of appropriate housing to the needy. The mandate of the state government is to provide the houses at cost 25% less than the prevailing local market. Rajiv Swagruha Corporation Limited is incorporated as a special purpose vehicle for implementing the scheme Demand Assessment: A Demand survey was conducted to assess the choice of applicant for each category of flats/houses during March - April07 and 1.75 lakh applications in 98 Municipalities were qualified for construction. Initially, the tentative cost is notified. The final cost is calculated at the finishing stage of the project. Progress: The construction of housing programme under Rajiv Swagruha is under progress. Projects were prepared for construction of 85,961 houses/flats; out of which projects have been awarded and grounded for construction of 49,353 units upto September 2009. Construction of 1,140 flats at Chandanagar, Hyderabad has been completed.

RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION

8.19 The Government is determined to solve the drinking water problem in rural areas with the following objectives Delivery of safe, potable drinking water to all rural people. Safe water to fluoride, brackish and other polluted habitations. Upgradation of all habitations to fully covered status. Proper sanitation facilities to all habitations. The funds for implementing schemes / works meant for providing drinking water facilities and sanitation facilities to the habitations are allocated under various programmes of State and Central Government such as ARWSP, SMP, DDP, TFC, Ambedkar Jeevan Dhara(AJD), Rajiv Pallebata, Sector Reforms, Swajaladhara and other external agencies as well. Funds are being tapped in the form of loans from NABARD, HUDCO also. Infrastructure Created There are 3,26,506 hand pumps, 47,839 PWS Schemes and 476 CPWS Schemes (incl. SSP Schemes) existing as on 01.04.2009. Rural Water Supply: Ongoing program During the year 2009-10, 13,375 (13016+259) works are on hand with a cost of Rs.3019.75 Crores to cover 9,513 habitations. So far, Rs.332.14 Crores was spent covering 5,558 habitations. The balance works are in progress. Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) The TSC projects are sanctioned in 22 districts in the State in a phased manner from 1999-2000 to 2006 by GOI with matching share from State Govt. beneficiaries and panchayats. The programme is sanctioned with a target of 67,18,607 Individual Sanitary Latrines (ISLs) to be constructed in rural areas for BPL families, 1,14,871 School toilets and 15,645 Anganwadi toilets. Against whch, 39,39,689 ISLs, 96,823 School Toilets, and 4,789 Anganwadi toilets have been constructed upto March, 2009. Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) emphasizes more on information, education 162

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8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702

and communication (IEC), human resource development, and capacity development activities to increase awareness and demand generation for sanitation facilities. State Government have taken up massive programme by providing matching share for the amounts released by the GOI. During 2009-10, so far, 98,048 ISLs, 1795 School toilets and 632 Anganwadi toilets have been constructed so far as against the targeted 8,44,535 ISLs, 19,167 school toilets and 10,873 Anganwadi toilets.

*** PUBLIC HEALTH AND MUNICIPAL ENGINEERING

8.20 An independent department of Public Health and Municipal Engineering and a separate service called Public Health and Municipal Engineering Service were constituted in June 1960. Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Public Health and Municipal Engineering Department is incharge of Investigation, Design, preparation of Estimates and Plans and execution of Water Supply and Sewerage Schemes in all 110 Municipalities and 12 Municipal Corporations (excluding Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation, Vijayawada Municipal Corporation and Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal corporation.) Water Supply Improvement Schemes are being taken up in Urban Local bodies from time to time to improve per capita water supply on par with National Standards. In addition to the above, the technical control over all engineering works is done by Engineer-in-Chief (PH). The operation and maintenance of Water Supply and Sewerage Schemes is being attended by the respective Municipalities and Municipal Corporations. Status of Water Supply: As per the standards stipulated in Central Public Health Engineering Environmental Organization (CPHEEO) manual, the rate of drinking water supply to be maintained is as follows: Town with Under Ground Drainage 135 lpcd 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 163

Town without Under Ground Drainage 70 lpcd The State Government has given top priority to provide protected drinking water to all urban local bodies by strengthening the existing infrastructure and service levels. During last five years, 54 water supply schemes with an estimated cost of Rs.508.17 crores were completed adding 365 MLD of water, raising the installed capacity from 934 MLD to 1,299 MLD and thereby the average water supply was raised from 63LPCD to 85LPCD. During 2009-10, 12 water supply schemes were completed and commissioned so far, under plan, UIDSSMT and HUDCO grants, duly adding 129.03 MLD of water at a cost of Rs.161.27 crores. After commissioning of the above Water Supply Schemes, the water supply scenario in the State is as follows: The normal daily water supplies in various Urban Local Bodies are varying from 65 LPCD to 100 LPCD and water supply is regulated as detailed below. Daily - 81 Alternate Days - 30 Once in three days - 8 Once in four days and above - 3 A total of 34,293 Nos. bore wells are existing (Power and Hand bores) in 122 Urban local bodies. 33,119 Nos. are functioning. At Present 901 Nos. of tankers are making 4,119 Nos. of trips per day to unserved areas in 122 Urban Local Bodies. Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM): Government of India has launched the JNNURM in the year 2005-06 with a budgetary provision of Rs.50,000 crores for a period of seven years, the mission will initially cover about 60 cities and provide grant assistance to them for specified activities. UIDSSMT (Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns) Scheme is a component of JNNURM Programme launched with an aim to provide Urban Infrastructure in the Sector of Water Supply, Under Ground Drainage, Storm

Water Drains, Solid Waste Management and Transportation in Non-mission Urban local bodies (ULBs) in a planned manner. The scheme applies to all ULBs in the state excluding mission Cities i.e., Hyderabad, Vijayawada and Visakhapatnam. The funding pattern is in the ratio of 80:10:10 between Government of India, Government of Andhra Pradesh and ULB. Schemes under Implementation: Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT): 98 projects costing Rs.3399.35 Crores have been cleared so far, in various SLSCs covering 76 ULBs. The funding pattern is 80 % and 10 % grant by Central Government and State Government respectively and the balance 10% and inadmissible component could be raised by the ULB/ nodal/ implementing agencies from the financial institutions. In our state, the ULB share is being borne by the State Govt. Out of 98 projects sanctioned, 68 are under water sector costing Rs.2268.22 Crores, 12 are under Sewerage sector costing Rs.625.86 Crores, 13 are under Storm Water costing Rs.374.40 Crores, 4 are under Roads costing Rs.127.00 Crores and 1 under Solid Waste costing Rs.3.87 Crores. So far, GOI has released funds in respect of 84 Projects and 2 projects converted into UIandG. Out of these 98 projects, 12 Projects of water supply and 2 Projects of SWD and 1 project of UGD and 1 project of road are completed and the remaining projects are in progress. Integrated Housing and Slum Development Programme ( IHSDP): 43 projects costing Rs.480.39 Crores have been sanctioned covering 41ULBs with a funding pattern of 80:10:10 between Central Government, State Government and ULB. Out of 43 Projects, execution of 30 Projects costing Rs.409.86 Crores has been entrusted. 27 projects are in progress and the balance 3 projects are at tender stage. HUDCO and Plan Schemes: 15 Nos. of schemes are under progress with HUDCO loan (14 WS and 1 UGD) at a cost of Rs 542.83 Crores. Out of these,1 water 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 164

supply scheme and 1 UGD are completed and the balance schemes are in progress. 13 Projects are taken up with Plan grants (10 WS, 1 UGD, 1 SWD, 1 Traffic and Transportation) at a cost of Rs 276.63Crores with an MLD of 57.35. Out of these, 3 water supply schemes are completed and the balance schemes are in progress. By March 2011, the balance 56 water supply schemes costing Rs.2079.26 crores under UIDSSMT, and 11 water supply schemes costing Rs.446.79 crores under HUDCO, and 7 water supply schemes costing Rs.117.80 crores are targeted to be completed, duly adding 846 MLD. By completing all the above said schemes, the installed capacity will be raised from 1299 MLD to 2274 MLD and thereby the average water supply will be raised from 85 LPCD to 153 LPCD. Under Ground Drainage Schemes: Presently only one town, Tirupathi is fully covered with under ground drainage system in the ongoing schemes. Eluru, Rajamundry, Guntur, Nellore and Tenali are covered about 10% to 20%. Works of under ground drainage system are in progress in Tadipatri and Pulivendula towns. UIDSSMT- under ground drainage Three under ground drainage schemes for Municipal Corporations are sanctioned at an estimated amount of Rs.243.11 Crores by GOI for 1.Karimnagar 2.Kadapa 3.Nizambad and works are awarded to agencies and works are under progress. Another three under ground drainage schemes, other than Municipal Corporations, are sanctioned at an estimated amount of Rs.133.30 Crores by GOI for Nalgonda, Miryalaguda and Narsaraopet municipalities and works are under progress. Another Six Under ground drainage schemes are sanctioned at an estimated cost of Rs.249.45Crores for which GOI Releases are awaited for Tirupati, Proddutur, Yemmiganur, Nandyal, Tadepalligudem and Nagari ETP.By March 2011, the balance 12 UGD schemes costing Rs.675.86 crores under UIDSSMT and 1 UGD scheme costing Rs.78.38 crores under Plan are targeted to be completed.

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MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT

8.21 Urban Sanitation- Door to Door Garbage Collection: There are 124 urban Local bodies i.e., 110 Municipalities and 14 Corporations in the state, except Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC). The total garbage generated is 8,701 MTD and the garbage lifted is 8,178 MTD (94%). About 92% of the 32,50,857 households in these ULBs were covered. The length of drains cleaned is 21,381.22 Kms against total drains length of 23,240.46 Kms.(92%). The length of roads swept is 18,627.57 Kms as against the total roads of 19,816.57 Kms length (94%). Municipal Solid Waste Management The 12th Finance Commission has recommended allocation of Rs 374.00 crores to the State during the years 2005-10. The Government of Andhra Pradesh have taken a decision to utilize the entire amount for implementation of Solid Waste Management in the ULBs and an amount of Rs.337.18 lakhs was released to the ULBs so far. The emphasis is mainly on acquisition of land for compost yards. Government decided to utilize TFC grants for acquisition of Land for the purpose of compost yards in the State on need basis. The following is the status of availability of land in the ULBs. No. of ULBs having no land - 16 No. of ULBs having partial land (below 10 acres) - 86 No.of ULBs having adequate land - 22 (more than 15 acres) Instructions were already issued to the Municipal Commissioners to purchase land where no/inadequate land is available for composting as per norms. Progress on Waste to Energy Projects: All Urban Local Bodies are grouped into 19 clusters for management of Municipal Solid Waste in Urban Local Bodies. Approvals have been accorded to 5 Waste to Energy projects after the recommendations of the Technical Committee and State Level Official Committee covering 62 ULBs in 5 clusters. 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 165

Rajiv Nagara Bata (RNB) An innovative program called Rajiv Nagara Bata (RNB) had been launched from 9th January 2005 in all the Urban Local Bodies with the following objectives: Provision of adequate water, drainage system, street lighting, roads etc., with an emphasis on basic infrastructure in areas inhabited by the poor people. Ration cards to households to all eligible people below poverty line. Providing houses to eligible houseless under permanent Housing/VAMBAY schemes. Providing minimal infrastructure in community and religious institutions like temples mosques, churches etc. Creating sufficient employment opportunities through building of required skills. Under the program, a total 748 assurances have come up with a cost of Rs.4,296.16 crores, of these 618 assurances have been redressed with an amount of Rs.3,021.56 crores. INDIRAMMA in Municipal Areas The scheme is aimed to develop all the wards in the Municipal Area over a period of three years by saturating them with identified basic infrastructure facilities and welfare measures in a focused and time bound manner. Government have notified that 1,270 wards in the 1st phase, 1,380 wards in the 2nd phase and 1,279 wards in 3rd phase are to be covered under this programme. Pensions The old age, widow, weaver and disabled persons are assisted by way of pensions. In the 1st phase 1,95,141 pensioners, in the 2nd phase 2,56,747 and in the third phase 1,94,868 pensioners have been assisted under INDIRAMMA Programme. Mission for Elimination of Poverty in Municipal Areas (MEPMA) (IKPURBAN) The poor in urban areas are organized into Self Help Groups and they are brought together into Slum Level Federations at slum level and in to Town Level Federations at town level. There are 21.78 lakh women in

1,98,019 self help groups in the 125 urban local bodies. 90 % of the urban poor living in 7,447 slums in the state are organized into SHGs. Upto December 2009, 5,797 Slum Level Federations and 17 Town Level Federations have come into existence. MEPMA is taking up placement linked skill development training under the training component of SJSRY/RUS. During 2009-10, (upto December,09) 2,108 urban youth persons were trained, of which, 1,163 got placements. Another 12,082 persons are undergoing trainings. Under urban self employment programme 5,381 units were sanctioned for setting up of gainful self employment ventures/micro enterprises upto December,09. SHG Bank linkage- Pavala Vaddi Sheme The government is facilitating loans from Institutional sources to SHGs @ 3% interest rate under pavala vaddi scheme. During 2009-10, Rs.683.91 crores bank loans were given to 64,875 SHGs. Under pavala vaddi scheme, Rs.1.84 crores was provided upto December,09. Disability intervention IKP urban has adopted a participatory approach to support the persons with disabilities in all local bodies by building their capacitites to improve life skills and self esteem. 0.65 lakh persons with disabilities are organised into 10,175 exclusive SHGs and they are federated into 96 Town Vikalangula Samakhyas. 97 Parent Associations for mentally retarded also formed during this year. Under Dr.Y.S.R Abhayahastam / Insurance Scheme, 12,252 eligible pensioners were provided with pensions for the month November, 2009. MEPMA has takenup various other new initiatives like Rickshaw Bandhu for Rickshaw pullers, AASARA for the senior citizens, conducting street vendors survey, and slum survey(profiling) etc. in all the urban local bodies.

HYDERABAD METROPOLITAN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY

8.22 The Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority (HMDA) was constituted on 24.8.2008 (previously known as HUDA) for the purpose of planning, co-ordination, supervising, promoting and securing planned development of the Hyderabad Metropolitan Region. The important development programmes implemented are: 1. P.V.N.R. Elevated Expressway: The Project has been taken up to provide express connectivity to the International Airport at Shamshabad. The project consists of: a) Elevated Expressway from Sarojinidevi Eye Hospital to Aramghar Junction on NH 7 via Retibowli and Inner Ring Road. It is a Four-lane elevated divided carriageway of 2 lanes on either side. The total length of the elevated portion is 11.633 Km. b) An underpass to NH at Aramgarh junction to facilitate traffic from and to elevated corridor towards Chandrayana gutta and Vijayawada highway. c) A trumpet interchange at Shamshabad to facilitate easy access to the International Airport on NH - 7. Its a four lane carriage way. d) Along with the Elevated Expressway it is also proposed for Upgradation and Widening of existing four lane carriageway of Inner Ring Road from Retibowli Jn to Aramgarh Jn to Six-lane carriageway to a total length 8.70 Km along with necessary improvements of Junctions. The estimated cost of works is Rs. 450 Crores. The overall project cost is Rs. 600 Crores including Land Acquisition, Shifting of utilities, environmental management plan etc. The project is taken up on EPC Basis. Period of completion is 26 months. The work was entrusted to at a cost of Rs 439 Crores. The work was commenced on 1-9-2006.

***
8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 166

Status as on 30-09-2009: Trumpet Interchange on NH7 at Airport Jn. - Completed and opened to traffic on 1509-2008. Under Pass on NH7 at Aramghar Jn. - Completed and opened to traffic on 7-22009. Expressway - Completed expect certain finishing Works. 2. Flyover at Lungerhouse Junction: To tackle the heavy traffic congestion at Lungerhouse Junction on Hyderabad Chevella Road, it is proposed to construct a flyover at a cost of Rs.17 Crores. The foundation stone for the project was laid on 1st January 2007. Salient features of the Flyover: Proposed flyover alignment - along the direction from Nanal Nagar chowk to Bapu Ghat. Total Length of the flyover is 695 mts. Carriage Way Four lane divided carriageway (two lane each direction). Width of the proposed flyover 15 mts (O/S of Crash barrier) Tenders called on EPC basis and work is let out in January 2007. Status as on 30-09-2009: 75% of work completed. The balnce work is in active progress and programmed to be completed before March, 2010. 3. Development and construction of Bus Terminus and Business Center at Old Gandhi Hospital Site, Secunderabad The Government have issued instructions to develop and construct the Bus Terminus cum Business Center in an area of 11 acres at old Gandhi Hospital site, Secunderabad. The HMDA has prepared the conceptional plans by engaging Consultants. The proposal consists of 3 basement floors ground and 23 upper floors for parking 4 wheelers, 2 wheelers Bus Terminus, Business Centers, Restaurant and food court and also accommodations for railways and APSRTC offices with access to bus terminus from MRTS through foot-over-bridges. The estimated project cost is revised to Rs. 600 Crores. 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 167

Status M/s STUP Consultants and M/s Capital Fortunes are the Technical and Financial consultants (respectively) for the Project. Tenders were invited on BOT basis and there is no response. Financial Restructuring of the Project is on the way. 4. ROB on Spinal Road at Kukatpally: The Spinal Road connecting NH-9 to Madhapur area is completed by HMDA. The construction of ROB on Spinal Road at Kukatpally near MMTS Station is taken up. 4-lane divided carriageway with 910 mts length and 21.5 mts Width and the estimated cost is Rs. 25 Crores. The foundation stone for ROB was laid in December 2006. An Agreement was concluded with M/s IJM Infrastructures Ltd Status as on 30-09-2009. 45% work of substructure and superstructure completed. Expected Date of Completion August 2010. 5. Stadium cum Sports Complex at Katedhan: HMDA proposed to take up mini stadia in the surrounding municipalities of erstwhile MCH Area to promote sports and recreational activities. Initially one sports complex is proposed at Katedhan. Status as on 30-09-2009: Administrative Sanction for an amount of Rs. 7.50 Crores was issued for Katedhan sports complex. The sports complex is planned with the following features - Basketball, Hand ball, Volley ball and tennis courts and Indoor stadium. All works except Indoor Stadium are nearing completion. Hussain Sagar Lake and Catchment Area Improvement Project funded by Japan International Cooperation Agency formerly JBIC Hussain Sagar Lake and Catchment Area Improvement Project covers aspects of improvement of lake water quality by preventing pollutants entering into the lake, catchment area improvement and construction of additional STP, ugradation of existing STP, dredging the contaminated

sediments of the lake bed and increasing the eco-tourism potentiality. The project cost is Rs. 370 Crores, of which JICA is funding Rs. 310 Crores as a soft loan. The Government of India and JBIC have entered into an agreement on 31-3-2006 for Rs. 310 Crores for Hussain Sagar Lake and Catchment Area Improvement Project. The Project period is 2006-2012. Project Progress: M/s. NJS Consultants of Japan were appointed as Project Management Consultants for preparation of DPRs and construction and supervision of the Project. The works of construction of 30 Mld STP at Picket Nala, 5 Mld STP at Rangadhamuni Cheruvu, upgradation of 20 Mld STP at Balkapur Nala are in progress. The shoreline improvement activity under Shore Area Development is in progress. I&D works at Picket Nalla, Balkapur Nalla, Fatehnagar, Prakash Nagar and Necklace Road at Kukatpally Nalla all under construction. 1600mm dia RCC Ring Main from Kukatpally Nala at Necklace Road to Buddha Bhavan, 1600mm RCC Pipe Jacking at Boats Club, Trunk Main and diversion weir at Rangadhamuni Lake (IDL), 1400mm RCC Bala Nagar Main all in progress. Dredging pre-qualification in progress. Repair of Surplus Weir under review. Installation of Aeration Equipment review of techniques in progress Shoreline Improvement in progress e.g Khairatabad Flyover, proposed Ecopark opposite KIMS, Sanjeevaiah Park to Boats Club shore improvement works Nalla Improvement in progress e.g walls constructed along nallas Public awareness and Community development activities are under progress through 5 NGO Groups in 22 lake surrounding colonies. Urban Greening Programme: During 2009-10, HMDA proposed urban greening activities under Government Vacant Lands, Greenbelts along road margins and homestead planting components with the financial outlay of Rs. 1725 Lakhs. The prime objectives of the urban greening 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 168

programme are: Greening the HMDA area to reduce air, noise and water pollution. Conversion of unproductive lands into greenery to provide gainful employment to rural poor especially women. Income generation for the women through Nursery raising activity. HMDA Nurseries: HMDA caters to the environment upgradation of Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Area by developing and supplying various types of seedlings for multiple urban uses like ornamental plants, shade bearing plants, fruit bearing plants, fodder and fuel needs of the urban and peri urban population. It is proposed to raise 5.00 Lakh seedlings with 40 varieties of species during 2009-10 in 11 central nurseries by the Urban Forestry wing all around HMA area. Outer Ring Road Project - Status Government of Andhra Pradesh have taken up major infrastructure facilities in Hyderabad City and one among them is construction of Outer Ring Road. The 158 Km long Outer Ring Road passes through Patancheru (on NH-9) Kandlakoi near Medchal (on NH-4) Shamirpet (on Rajiv Rahadari) Ghatkesar (on NH-202) Pedda Amberpet (on NH-9) Shamshabad (on NH7) Patancheru (on NH-9) providing connectivity to various National Highways, State Highways and MDRs. The ORR is being taken up as an eight lane access controlled expressway with a design speed of 120 KMPH. In addition, 2-lane service roads on either side are being provided. The entire project is being implemented in 3 phases. Phase-I - From Gachibowli to Shamshabad24.38 Km. The works are taken up in contract packages at an estimated cost of Rs.699 crores and works commenced in July 2006. 4-lane of ORR is completed and the stretch opened for traffic during November, 2008. The phase-I works are expected to be completed by June, 2010. The progress of work by the end of December, 2009 is Rs.317.27 crores on both the packages. Phase-IIA: From Narsingi to Patancheru and Shamshabad to Pedda Amberpet of length 62.30Km is divided into 5 contract packages.

These works (with an estimated cost of Rs. 2439 Crores) are taken up on BOT (Annuity). Works are commenced on December, 2007 and are expected to be completed as per schedule (i.e.) by June, 2010. The progress of work by the end of Dec. 2009 is Rs. 1251.36 Crores on all the 5 Packages. Phase-IIB: From Patancheru to Pedda Amberpet via Kandlakoi, Shamirpet, Ghatkesar of length 71.30 Km is divided into 6 contract packages. The estimated cost is Rs.3,558 Crores and are being taken up with the loan assistance of JICA. The 3 Packages works from Patancheru to Shamirpet were commenced in June, 2009 and to be completed by November, 2011. An amount of Rs.104.93 Crores is spent on all the 3 Packages by the end of Dec 2009. Procurement for the balance 3 Contract Packages and Supervision Consultancy Contract in the stretch from Shamirpet to Pedda Amberpet has been initiated and is in progress.

*** RURAL DEVELOPMENT

8.23 Rural Development was a part of Forest and Rural Development Department prior to 1985. Rural Development wing from the Secretariat has been transferred to the Commissionerate of Panchayat Raj and Rural Development in October,1985 for effective implementation of various rural development programmes. A separate Commissioner of Rural Development was posted as Head of the Rural Development department in the year 1994, de-linking it from the Panchayat Raj wing. The department had two major wings namely DPAP and Wage Employment and SHGs wing. The Commissionerate of Rural Development was further bifurcated in the year 2001, into a)Commissionerate of Rural Development and b) Commissionerate of Women Empowerment and Self Employment. The Women Empowerment and Self Employment wing was again merged with the Commissionerate of Rural Development in 2005. At the district level, the District Rural Development Agencies (DRDAs) are

implementing the programmes of Rural Development sponsored by Government of India under the administrative control of the Commissioner, Rural Development. A separate Project Directorate was sanctioned in 1991 for implementing Watershed and Wage Employment Programmes for Ananthapur district. Subsequently, Project Directorates were created in the 11 DPAP districts taking into account the work load involved in watershed and wage employment programmes. The Government have constituted a Water Conservation Mission (WCM) with the Commissioner, Rural Development as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) in the year 2000. Under the Water Conservation Mission, large scale water conservation / water harvesting activities were taken up in all the 22 rural districts. While implementing these activities a need was felt to have separate wing for water management in the 10 non-DPAP districts also. Towards this, separate establishment for water management and wage employment at district level was created in 2001. For the sake of uniformity all the projects handling watersheds and wage employment programmes have been redesignated as District Water Management Agencies (DWMAs). The DWMAs are implementing both DPAP and Wage Employment programmes . 50% of our lands are degraded and nearly 30% of our people are poor (below poverty line). With proper planning, scientific approach and efficient management it is possible to increase the productivity of degraded lands, while creating huge employment opportunities for the poor. It is now firmly believed that the development of degraded lands is an important input required for eradication of poverty. Towards this direction following programmes are being implemented by office of Commissioner, Rural development. 1.Watersheds Development Programmes (DPAP, DDP, IWDP) 2.Comprehensive Land Development Programmes (Indira prabha under RIDF IX, X XIII),

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169

3.Wage Employment Programmes (NREGSAP) All the three programmes are being implemented and monitored through the software solution RAGAS (Rashtra Grameena Abhivridhi Samacharam). The entire data is every day uploaded into central server and the reports are visible in respective websites, thus bringing in transparency and accountability to these programmes. Watershed Development Programmes In order to combat the recurring drought conditions in the state, Watershed Development Programmes are being implemented under centrally sponsored DPAP, DDP and IWDP schemes. Watershed programmes are concentrated only in rainfed areas which have undulating terrain and are prone for degradation of soil (soil erosion). These areas are generally characterized by very poor groundwater profile. A series of structures like sunken pits, rockfill dams, percolation tanks, check dams, farm ponds, earthen bunding vegetative barriers, plantations etc., are constructed to reduce the velocity of water and allow percolation. They also control soil erosion and improve vegetative cover on the land so as to augment productivity. Status of watershed development is shown in Table.8.25.
Table 8.25 Progress of Watersheds Scheme DPAP DDP IWDP Others
(EAS, APRLP, APHM)

Watershed Development Programme. Soil and Moisture Conservation, Water Harvesting, Ground Water Recharge, Improvement of vegetation and Bio-mass, Wasteland Development etc., are the main components of Watershed Development Programmes. Apart from these, the promotion of Watershed based livelihoods for the resource poor is also included as one important component since 2004, after the Andhra Pradesh Rural Livelihoods Project supported by DFD provided the necessary learnings on providing sustainable livelihoods to the rural poor. The GoI had issued comprehensive Guidelines on Watershed Development Projects in 1995 and revised them from time to time. In 200304, Hariyali guidelines were issued by GoI to provide more role for the Gram Panchayats. In 2008, GOI have issued New Common guidelines for Watershed Development Projects bringing all schemes under one umbrella and providing for cluster approach wherein contiguous areas upto 5,000 ha. will be taken up for treatment. So far, 9,301 Watersheds covering an area of 46.50 Lakh have been sanctioned, of which, 4,741 Watersheds with an area of 23.70 lakhs are completed. These watersheds include sanctioned under other programmes like EAS, APRLP and APHM etc. Presently, the following schemes are under implementation. Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP/DDP) This is a centrally sponsored scheme funded by Central and State on 50:50 basis upto IVth batch i.e., 1998-99 and 75:25 cost sharing basis from 1999-2000 onwards. It is aimed at developing the drought prone areas with an objective of drought proofing by taking up soil and moisture conservation, water harvesting structures, afforestation and horticulture programmes on a comprehensive micro watershed basis. DPAP scheme is being implemented in 94 DPAP Blocks of 11 districts and Desert Development Programme (DDP) is being implemented in 16 Blocks of Ananthapur District since 199596. 170

Sanctioned 4,242 1,054 1,499 2,506 9,301

Comple ted 1,608 206 421 2,506 4,741

(Numbers) Under progress 2,634 848 1,078 4,560

Total

Source: Rural Development Department

Integrated Natural Resources Management, following the ridge-to-valley approach in selected micro watersheds of approximately 500 ha. area, with total participation of the local community is the main objective of the 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702

Integrated Waste Land Development Programme (IWDP) Rapid depletion of green cover and vast stretches of marginal lands lying fallow, found to be causing enormous ecological imbalance and productivity is also negligent on account of soil erosion and marginalization of lands. To arrest this, massive integrated wasteland development project was under taken during 1992 with 100% central assistance. The programme of dry land development in A.P. under went a major change from 1995-96 with the introduction of new watershed guidelines. IWDP is implemented in non-DPAP blocks of DPAP districts and in all non-DPAP districts. The Government of India has communicated new guidelines called Hariyali, is implemented in the watersheds during the year 2003-04.The area is treated with soil and moisture conservation works, water harvesting structures, afforestation from ridge to valley concept. A total of 83 (1078 watersheds) ongoing projects are under implementation to treat an area of 5.38 lakh Ha. So far, 4.79 lakh Ha area has been treated out of the total area of 7.45 lakh Ha under IWDP in A.P. Indira Prabha : Comprehensive Land Development Project (CLDP) Objective of the Scheme: The main objective of the scheme is to provide an Integrated and Comprehensive Livelihood options centered and development of compact blocks of assigned land owned by poor SC, ST, BC and Others. A minimum of 50% of physical and financial benefits would go in favour of SCs and 10% for STs. The Project was launched in November 2004. An amount of Rs.599.18 crores has been sanctioned under RIDF-IX, X and XIII Projects covering an area of 5.28 lakh acres belonging to 3.54 lakh families. RIDF-IX and RIDF-X were launched in November 2004 and RIDF-XIII was launched in October 2007. RIDF-IX: NABARD has sanctioned 827 Projects with financial outlay of Rs.200.31 crores and so far an expenditure of Rs.160.41 crores has been incurred.

RIDF-X: NABARD has sanctioned 836 Projects with financial outlay of Rs.248.60 crores and so far an expenditure of Rs.165.30 crores has been incurred. RIDF XIII: NABARD has sanctioned 22 projects, one in each district, with a financial outlay of Rs. 150.26 crores and so far, an expenditure of Rs. 51.48 crores has been incurred. Government released an amount of Rs.445.88 crores so far under RIDF(IX,X and XIII) and an amount of Rs.377.19 crores has been spent as on 30.09.2009 and 3.51 lakh acres has been developed. National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS as on 9-10-2009) National Rural Employment Guarantee Act gives legal guarantee of providing at least 100 days of wage employment to rural households whose adult members are willing to do unskilled manual labour. This Scheme is implemented in 22 districts of Andhra Pradesh, 13 districts in Phase I, 6 districts in Phase II and 3 districts in Phase III (except in Hyderabadad) First time in the history of the country, this Act gives entitlement to every rural household to demand for wage employment. It is State governments responsibility to provide 100 days of employment to each household. The Act also gives entitlements like worksite facilities such as safe drinking water, shade at worksite, crche for the children under five years etc., Under this Act, if an applicant for employment under the scheme is not provided such employment with the receipt of application within 15 days he shall be entitled to a daily unemployment allowance. The rate of unemployment allowance shall be of the wage rate for the first 30 days and half-of-the wage rate for the remaining entitled period of the financial year. The program has been grounded in AP on a strong footing with the following nonnegotiables. Contractors and labour displacing machinery shall not be engaged. Every registered rural household shall be provided not less than 100 days of wage employment in a financial year. 171

8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702

Payment of wages shall be made at least once in a fortnight. Equal wages shall be paid to men and women. Works approved by the Grampanchayat (identified in the Gram Sabha) at village level, Mandal Parishad at Mandal Level and Zilla Parishad at District level, only shall be taken up. Best Practices - MIS: Total program is being run through a specially designed software to make the system more accountable and transparent. This helped to minimize corruption and to minimize the time taken for various processes. Pay slips are generated in Computer and distributed to the labour at their door steps. Pay slips carry information about the amount of wages deposited in the accounts of labour Entire information about Job card holders, works, muster rolls, expenditure, and progress are put in public domain through website nrega.ap.gov.in. The above information can be accessed at District, Mandal, Village and household level. Social Audit: Andhra Pradesh is the only State which established a full-fledged Social Audit Unit at the State level with exclusive Staff. The Unit works independently and reports to Government. So far, Social Audit has been completed in 27,256 Gram Panchayats, covering 960 mandals in 22 Districts in the 1st round, 364 mandals in 2nd round and 20 mandals in 3rd round. This is an effective tool to check corruption and to enhance the accountability to people. So far, more than 2,550 functionaries have been removed from services or disciplinary actions have been initiated. Rs.4.32 crores has been recovered from erring officials. Rural Standard Schedule of Rates (RSSR): Rural Standard Schedule of Rates has been prepared by conducting work time motion studies. This is an initiative first of its kind in rural development which ensured earning of minimum wage by workers. 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 172

30% extra wages are being allowed in summer season keeping in view the increased fatigue levels of the labour due to high temperature. 30% allowance is also paid to disabled group through out the year. The additional allowance is to compensate decreased output due to disability. Wage Payments through Post Office Accounts To avoid middlemen and to make the payments directly to the labourers, wage payments are being made through individual Post Office Accounts. So far, 1.26 Crore individual accounts are opened. Major initiatives towards livelihood security under NREGS-AP: 1. Indiramma Cheruvulu - Comprehensive restoration of MI tanks: 18,131 tanks are taken up with an estimated cost of Rs. 1,778 crores. Out of which, 15,961 tanks are in progress. So far, Rs 1,673.24 crores (including desiltation) has been spent. 8,216 tanks are restored, stabilizing 9.3 lakh acres. 2. Horticulture: Horticulture is taken up on the lands of the poor in 3.91 Lakh acres at an estimated cost of Rs.800 Crores. Ongoing SHM and APMIP projects are converged in this initiative. 3. Land Development: An extent of 5.96 Lakh acres land lying fallow belonging to SC/ST/ BPL families have been developed. Activities like Land Leveling, silt application, clearance of bushes, deep ploughing etc. are taken up. Awards The NREGS-AP software and website have been recognized as one of the best ICT solution in the Country and world wide. So far, ICT solution of NREGS AP has won the following awards. i. Award for Excellence in e-governance 2006 ii. Manthan award for best e content website 2007 iii. Bronze Medal in National e-governance awards for government website 20072008 iv. Special mention at Stockholm Challenge Award 2008 on 22-05-08

for its excellence in the use of Information Technology. v. Finalist in Stockholm GKP awards 2007. vi. Runner up in Thailand egov. awards 2007. Smart Card It is a pilot initiative to make payments of Government benefits to the beneficiaries through Smartcards which are backed by bank accounts. The overall objectives of the initiatives are: i. Provide a operational frame work for increasing the outreach of main stream banking and financial services to the poorest of the poor by using technology based solutions. ii. Ensure efficient and timely transfer of govt. benefits to the poor. iii. Minimize the possibility of fraudulent payments. iv. Ultimately to achieve Total Financial Inclusion through Smartcards. Details of NREGS are shown in Table 8.26.
Table 8.26 Overview of NREGS During Cumulative 2009-10 (upto 9-10-09) 5,81,630 13,80,208 19,827 1,19,08,018 18,75,372 23,719

Average Wage rate per day per person (Rs.) No. of Mandals Social Audit completed 2nd round Mandals

89.05

85.36

960

364

3rd round Mandals

20

No. of Gram Panchayats Social Audit completed

27,256

No. of minor irrigation tanks(Indiramma Cheruvulu) taken up Estimated amount of MI Tanks (Rs. Crores) No. of Indiramma Cheruvulu completed Expenditure on Indiramma Cheruvu (including desiltation and related) - Rs. Crores

18,131

1,778

8216

1673.24

Item

Total No. of Job Cards issued Total No. of works sanctioned Total Value of works administratively sanctioned (Rs. Crores) No. of Works Completed Total Expenditure (Rs. Crores) No. of Households provided wage employment No.of Individuals provided wage employment Person days generated ( Crores) No. of households completed 100 days Average no. of days employment provided per household

Source: Rural Development Department

1,63,500 2462 52,17,509 94,63,337 24.12 6,04,884

6,58,812 7566.5 81,01,048 1,50,91,905 73.41 15,63,691 -

46.23

Andhra Pradesh Water, Land And Trees Act-2002(APWALTA) The government of AP promulgated the Andhra Pradesh Water, Land and Trees Act2002 to promote water conservation, Tree cover and regulate the exploitation and use of ground and surface water for protection and conservation of water sources, land and environment in the entire state. The Act came into force with effect from 19-04-2002.For effective implementation of the Act, provision was made for the constitution of subsidiary authorities at District and Mandal levels. In view of the indiscriminate drilling for bore wells, the ground water has been depleting fast. Added to it, unscientific and reckless drilling has resulted in failure of bores leading to farmers incurring heavy losses. Keeping this in view, the government of AP have suitably amended the APWALTA Act and consequently, through 173

8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702

comprehensive Rules-2004 have also been brought out for effective implementation of the Act. The most important feature is introduction of Single-Window Approach for speedy clearance of the applications for new bore wells. Single-Window Approach: The farmers desiring to drill a bore will apply to the Village Secretary/MRO. The MRO takes the feasibility of electricity from the APTRANSCO and feasibility of ground water from the Ground Water Department. When both are feasible, the MRO gives permission for drilling of new borewell. Failed Borewell compensation scheme: All farmers who obtain permission for drilling of new agriculture borewells from the concerned WALTA authority are covered under this failed Borewell Compensation scheme. If any bore well drilled after securing necessary permission from the concerned authority fails the farmer will be eligible to get compensation up to Rs.10,000/- All the cases will be settled by the Project Director concerned. Progress under APWALTA from 2005-06 to 2008-09 : 22.44 lakhs Agriculture Wells are registered. 2,577 rigs are registered. 261 Geologists are empanelled. 9,951 applications are received for permission of new well sinking. Feasibility given for 6,837 new agriculture wells. 3,449 Villages are notified as over exploited banning drilling of new bore wells. 1,076 sand mining cases are booked. Rs. 62.35 lakh collected toward penalty.

households below the poverty line, starting from the poorest of the poor are the target group of Indira Kranthi Patham. Institution and Human Capacity Building The Institution and Human Capacity Building facilitates the formation and strengthening of self managed institutions of the poor and helps in building social and human capital. There are 106.61 crore Self Help Group(SHG) members in 9.33 lakh SHGs organized into 36,391 Village Organizations (VOs) and 1099 Mandal Samakhyas(MSs). The SHGs in A.P. constitute 27.74% of all SHGs in the country. In addition to above (MSs), there are 126 Mandal Vikalangula Sangams, 17 Chenchu Mandal Samakhyas, 7 Fishermen Mandal Samakhyas and 20 Yanadi Mandal Samakyas in the State. District Federations called Zilla Samakhyas (ZS) have come into existence in all the 22 districts. 33,260 (93%) Village Organisations and 1,090 (99%) Mandal Samakhyas 15 ZSs are registered under Andhra Pradesh Mutually Aided Cooperative Societies Act 1995, to provide a legal entity and status to the federations. Micro Finance and SHG Bank Linkages The SHG-Bank Linkages is a great success story in A.P. 25 Commercial Banks, 16 Regional Rural Banks and more than 4,000 branches are participating in the programme. Bank lending has dramatically increased from Rs.197.70 crores in 2001-02 to Rs.6,649.44 crores in 2008-09. Andhra Pradesh leads the country in SHG-Bank Linkage Program with 50% of all bank loans given to SHGs in India. During the year 2009-10, SERP has facilitated Rs 2545.77 crores of bank loans to 1,78,513 SHGs up to November, 2009 as against the target of Rs.9,000 crores. The year-wise progress is given in Annexure 8.15. Financial Access and Pavala Vaddi Incentive To encourage the womens groups further and also to achieve 100% repayment, the State Government have introduced the PAVALA VADDI scheme, where in the 174

*** Poverty Alleviation Assistance Programs

and

Social

8.24 Society for Elimination of Rural Poverty(SERP): Indira Kranthi Patham (IKP) The main objective of Indira Kranthi Patham is to enable all the rural poor families in 22 rural districts of Andhra Pradesh to improve their livelihoods and quality of life. All 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702

government is reimbursing the SHG members any interest paid by the SHGs over and above 3% per annum. This has led to significant improvement in loan repayment. Under this initiative, 4,75,164 SHGs were given Rs. 52.67 Crores in 2004-05 and 200506. 2,90,825 SHGs were given Rs.50.02 Crores during 2006-07 and 5,54,359 SHGs were given Rs112.30 Crores during 2007-08. During the year 2008-09, Rs. 195.31 crores interest subsidy was given to 7,14,930 groups. During 2009-10 (up to Nov. 09), an amount of Rs.111.00 crores is given to 4.92 lakh groups. Thus, an amount of Rs. 521.30 crores is given to 25.28 lakh SHGs (repeated finance) as Pavala Vaddi incentive from inception of the Scheme. Community Investment Fund (CIF) The CIF provides resources to the poor women SHG members to improve their livelihoods. This component supports the poor in prioritizing livelihood needs by investments in sub-projects proposed and implemented by the Community Based Organizations (CBOs). The cumulative CIF expenditure up to November 2009 is Rs. 913.38 Crores and the total number of beneficiaries are 23,68,765. Dairy Intervention The dairy activity is a major livelihood opportunity for the rural poor in Andhra Pradesh. Milk procurement activity was taken up on pilot basis in Nizamabad and Mahabubnagar districts during 2006-07 and it has helped the milk producers to get better price for milk and promoted transparency in Milk Procurement. This also triggered intervention in milk productivity in the villages. Based on the success evidenced in the pilots, the same model is replicated in 18 more districts in the state during the year 2008-09. Bulk Milk Cooling Units (BMCUs) with a capacity of 2000 to 5000 liters to collect and chill to the desired temperature of 40 C were established in 171 mandals in the state. In collaboration with the APDDCF Ltd., the SHGs and their federations have taken over 162 BMCUs covering 3400 Village Milk Procurement Centers with 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 175

1,39,875 milk producers have contributed 2.57 lakh liters of milk per day in peak season and 1.79 lakh liters of milk per day in lean season. The total quantity and the value of the milk procured and supplied by the SHG managed BMCUs during the year 2009-10 is 49,248 MTs and Rs.9849.60 lakhs. 25 Andhra Pradesh Bajra Napier (APBN) fodder nurseries (perennial fodder) have been established during this year for supplying fodder slips to the farmers. About 1,025 acres of APBN is grown by community members to supply green fodder to the Milch animals in 412 villages of 16 districts. 69 Mini Feed Mixing Plants have been sanctioned under PM package to BMCU Mandal Samakhyas for preparation and supply of Concentrate feed to community members under feed credit programme. Out of the 69 plants sanctioned, 25 plants have been installed and were sanctioned a working capital of Rs.3.00 Lakhs each. 9 plants have already begun supplying feed to community member farmers. Land Purchase/Accessibility Under this component, productive and ready to use land with assured irrigation facility is being given to the poorest of the poor households in the rural areas. As on March 2009, an extent of 4,539.24 acres of land was purchased and handed over to 5,303 poor families, out of which 2,799 (53%) are from SC families and 1979 (37%) are from ST families. Under the Land Access Programme up to November 2009, 2.58 lakh cases related to land disputes of poor were resolved and created the accessibility of 3.62 lakh Acres to the SHG members. Community Managed Sustainable Agriculture (CMSA) Community Managed Sustainable Agriculture (CMSA) is meant to support the poor farmers to adopt sustainable agriculture practices, to reduce the costs of cultivation and increase net incomes to improve and sustain agriculture based livelihoods. It is proposed to reach 4,024 villages in 300 mandals of 21 districts. It is intended to

cover 20.00 lakh acres in 2009-10 by benefiting 6.45 lakh farmers. Out of the total target set, for the year, 10.56 lakhs is covered upto end of November 2009 by benefitting 5.22 lakh farmers. Under CMSA, 154 resource villages were developed and 743 seed banks were established to bring seed sovereignty to farmers. Under NREGS Non-Pesticidal Management (NPM) convergence, 14,031 compost pits were dug upto July, 2009 for effective composting and timely supply of compost, 1,618 farm ponds were dug to conserve water and recharge ground water and 27,331 acres tank silt applications were taken up. Due to implementation of NPM practices, the cost of cultivation has drastically reduced. The range of savings varied from crop to crop ranging from Rs.2,500/ha in case of Paddy, to Rs.12,500/ha in case of Cotton and Rs.37,500/ha for Chillies. During last year total savings across the 18 districts reached to an estimated amount of Rs.320.44 crores. Collective Marketing The marketing strategy of the project is to enable the small, marginal farmers and NTFP collectors to obtain the best price for their Forest Produce and agricultural commodities. It also aims at to minimize the cost of inputs to the rural poor farmers and offer remunerative prices for their produce. The marketing intervention of IKP has registered a significant increase in this financial year with pick up in paddy procurement activity. The V.Os have successfully implemented village level collective marketing of Neem, Redgram, Greengram, Chillies, Paddy, Maize, Turmeric, Cashew, and NTFP besides Agricultural Inputs etc. Various marketing initiatives are taken up by SERP in 2008-09, among them Paddy procurement is predominant in many districts. In the current financial year, upto November 2009, the VOs have procured a total of 64.12 lakh quintals of agriculture and NTFP commodities worth Rs. 593.03 crores. Details of the marketing intervention of last three years are shown in Table 8.27.

Table 8.27 Collective Marketing Item MMS Involved (No.) VOs involved (No.) Families Covered (No.in lakhs) Commodities Handled (No.) Volume (lakh Quintals) Turnover (Rs. Crores) 2007-08 1036 2071 3.01 2008-09 845 1662 2.17 2009-10 (up to Nov.09) 559 1193 2.32

79 47.30 320.15

65 59.30 492.16

34 64.12 593.03

Source:- SERP-Rural Development Department

Food Security In the lean Agricultural season, many of the rural poor have barely one square meal a day. The Food Security Credit is a direct intervention to tackle the hunger gap in rural areas. Village Organizations (VOs) estimate the balance requirement of SHG members, in respect of rice and other essential commodities, negotiate and buy better quality of commodities at bulk, from the open market and sell to their members at a price lower than the retail outlets. Under this initiative, 12,26,606 families in 1,24,650 SHGs in 9263 VOs were provided food security upto November, 2009. Jobs for Rural Youth Employment Generation and Marketing Mission (EGMM) was set up to address the needs of the next generation of the large net work of SHGs created and nurtured by IKP. It aims at to create employment/ employability for the rural/tribal underprivileged youth. It works in a publicprivate partnership mode to identify, train and place youth in entry level corporate jobs in hospitality, retail, sales, tourism, banking, rural BPOs, manufacturing, textiles and construction sectors. Total number of jobs created up to 2008-09, was 1,83,891. Number of persons trained during the current year up to November 2009 are 34,126, out of

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which placements are shown for 17,417 candidates. Gender The gender strategy envisages that the poor women are able to access and control over assets, incomes, all services available at village and individual level. Gender programme helps women to increase their understanding of intra-family equity issues, decision making levels, free mobility and necessity of building a safe environment. Under this component, 516 Mandal Level Social Action Committees are formed with the membership of 4,734 members. Community Managed Family Counseling Centers run by SHG women are 283. Number of Village Organization Social Action Committees formed up to November 2009 are 11,832 with a membership of 80,812. Women are actively mobilized into V.O. Social Action Committees (VOSACs) in the villages to work on social agenda and gender discrimination cases. Number of cases dealt with by these committees and family counseling centers together are 18,196 and number of cases resolved are 12,906. SERP is playing important role to prevent infanticide by organizing women into Self Help Groups. Disability Recognizing that people with disabilities are among the poorest and most vulnerable of the poor, IKP has adopted a participatory development approach to support them by building their capacities to improve life skills and self-esteem. IKP has extended the support to enhance their livelihoods by creating accessibility to government benefits and entitlements. Provision of assessment, treatment and rehabilitation services were made through community managed interventions. Intensive activities are carried out in 128 mandals. 2,13,889 Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) are organized into 23,391 exclusive SHGs 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702

both in the program and non-programme mandals in the State. A total of 52,581 PWDs are given an assistance of Rs.63.14 crores through CIF, Bank Loans and Revolving Fund for enhancing their Livelihood. Further, 2,862 Surgical Corrections were carried out and 20,612 PWDs were issued assistive devices at no cost to them in the programme mandals. Health and Nutrition The major goal of the Health and Nutrition strategy under the APRPRP operates in a convergent mode with the line departments by looking at gaps in the existing public health and nutrition services that are provided by the line departments. It is being implemented in 63 mandals including 8 Giripragathi mandals covering 2,289 Village organizations in the state. Extensive Health and Nutrition strategies being adopted across 63 mandals include fixed schedule for regular capacity building of stake holders at mandal and district levels, institutionalization of the fixed Nutrition and Health Days (NH days) in convergence with line departments and regular health savings by 2.73 lakh members in 26,748 SHGs to an amount of Rs.2.74 crores as safety nets for health emergencies. The intensive health and nutrition strategies focus on intensive health CRP strategy. 800 best practitioners from the pilot mandals have been identified as health CRPs. Since January 2007, the health CRPs strategy has been implemented in 680 Village Organizations and established 713 Nutrition- cum-day-care centers. The impact of perinatal and neonatal outcomes among the members attended Nutrition-cum-daycare centers shows 99% safe deliveries, 90% normal deliveries, No low birth weight baby born. No maternal, infant and neonatal deaths happened in 4,200 deliveries occurred among the members enrolled at 609 nutrition centers. Education Under Early Childhood Education (ECE), new centres have been started in the 177

Yacharam mandal of Ranga Reddy district. Support is being continued for the Community Managed Pre-Primary Schools in Adilabad, Vizianagaram, Visakapatnam, East Godavari, Khammam and Warangal districts. In all, 336 ECE centres established in 8 districts with the enrolment of 5,280 children. Under Corporate Education for Weaker Sections, 8,009 seats were allocated to the districts during 2009-10, out of which, 7,674 seats have been filled up. Education wing of SERP is in the process of facilitating convergence between the departments of Social Welfare, Tribal Welfare, BC Welfare and Minorities Welfare for release of funds pertaining to this scheme to the college managements. The list of students admitted is placed in the SERP website. With the focus on total abolition of child labour and to ensure their right to education, Child Rights Protection and Community involvement in Improving of Quality in schools is introduced. This project also deals with improvement in quality of education at schools through women groups, gram panchayats, teachers and youth. This is being implemented in three tribal mandals in the ITDA Bhadrachalam area of Khammam district and 307 children have been enrolled in Residential Bridge Schools during this year. 180 children were mainstreamed between April and June 2009. Dr.Y.S.R.Abhaya Hastham - Insurance Scheme Dr.Y.S.R Abhaya Hastham is a cocontributory pension and insurance scheme visualized by the Government for the SHG women over and above 18 years age group in rural and urban areas to provide social security in their old age. This scheme envisages contribution of Re. 1 per day by the SHG and government co-contribution of Re. 1 per day into her pension account. The contribution of the member and the cocontribution of the Government are periodically transferred to LIC of India for investing diligently for securing better 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 178

returns on the investment. The corpus thus generated till the age of 60 years will be used for giving monthly pension of Rs. 500 and maximum of Rs. 2,000 per month. It also covers insurance to the women in addition to the monthly pension on attaining the age of 60 years. It is proposed to cover all SHG women under this scheme. Enrolment of members, third party verification, serving of the demand notices to the interested and eligible members has been completed. Contribution collection from Forty One (41) lakh members and subsequent transfer of funds to SERP has been completed. The consolidation and reconciliation of amounts at SERP and subsequent transfer to LIC of India is under process. All the members enrolled into Abhaya Hastham are also eligible for Janashree Bima Yojana scheme. The scheme has come into effect from 1st November 2009 and commencement has been marked by distribution of policy certificates by Honble Chief Minister to the enrolled members and pension cheques to the eligible pensioners on that day. Rs.15.00 crores is distributed to 3 lakh pensioners for the month of November, 2009 under Dr. YSR Abhaya Hastham Programme. Besides above, Under Indira Jeevitha Bima Pathakam (Aam Aadmi Bima Yojana), the Insurance cover has been renewed for 38 lakh rural landless agricultural labourers effective from 1st April 2009. Apart from the above Life and disability insurance schemes, the Vizianagaram Zilla Samakhya is implementing loan protection scheme by providing insurance to the livestock. Project Expenditure The cumulative total expenditure of IKP up to November 2009 is Rs.2150.45 crores. The details are given in Annexure 8.16. Overall Performance of IKP The overall performance of IKP is shown in Table 8.28.

Table 8.28 Overall performance of IKP Indicator As on November 2009 9,33,585 1,06,60,968

No. of SHGs under the project No. of members in women SHGs No. of SHGs of Persons with 23,391 Disabilities No. of Persons with Disabilities 2,13,889 in SHGs No. of Village Organizations 36,391 formed No. of Normal Mandal 1099 Samakhyas formed Total No. of beneficiaries of 22,80,765 Income Generating Activities No. of Households benefiting 1,24,650 from Food Security No. of acres of land purchased 4,539.24 No. of beneficiary families of 5,303 land purchase Amount of Bank Linkage up to November 09 in 2009-10(Rs. 2545.77 crores) Source:- SERP-Rural Development Department

Poverty Alleviation and Social Assistance programme: The State has taken Self Help Group as a theme to eradicate poverty. It is contemplated to bring every woman belonging to poorer section of the society into the fold of Self Help groups. Special budgetary provision is being made in the state budget for Self Help Groups apart from the support from ongoing centrally sponsored scheme of Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yozana (SGSY) programme of self employment scheme. Similarly, banks are also extending credit to SHGs in a big way with Interest subsidy support to SHGs. Deprived poor families are being assisted under pension programme and family benefit scheme. Swarnajayanthi Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) This is a centrally sponsored scheme funded by the government of India and the state government in the ratio of 75:25. All the existing schemes upto 1998 99 viz., IRDP, TRYSEM, TOOLKITS, DWCRA, GKY and MWS have been merged in the new scheme called SWARNAJAYANTHI GRAM SWAROZGAR YOJANA (SGSY). This 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 179

programme has come into existence w.e.f. 1.4.99. The objective of SGSY is to uplift the poor families above the poverty line by providing them income generating assets through a mix of bank credit and government subsidy. The key elements in this programme are, the choice of activity based on local resources and aptitude as well as the skills of Swarozgaries. Funds under the scheme will be utilized for providing assistance to SHGs and individual swarozgaris and for creating infrastructure and for training of swarozgaris. The performance of SGSY is given in Annexure 8.17. Women Self Help Groups (SHGs) Self help movement through savings has been taken up on massive scale for rural poor women. The success of the Self Help Groups in Andhra Pradesh has been a national model with 9.33 lakh groups covering 106.61 lakh of rural poor women. State Revolving Fund For ensuring financial viability of SHGs, the state government is providing budgetary support @ Rs.10,000 as revolving fund to each group. During the year 2009-10, an amount of Rs. 25.77 crores has been provided in the budget. An amount of Rs. 6.44 crores has been released. 6,804 groups have been assisted with a subsidy of Rs. 6.80 crores (upto Nov2009). The achievements are shown in Table 8.29. Table 8.29 Achievement under State Revolving Fund
Item Groups Assisted Subsidy disbursed (Rs. In lakhs) 2008-09 29,103 2,910.30 2009-10 (upto Nov.09) 6,804 680.33

Source:- SERP-Rural Development Department

Social Assistance Programmes All the pensions which were looked after by the departments concerned have been transferred to the Rural Development department for implementation from the year 2006-07. The rate of pension is Rs. 200/p.m. for all pensioners except disabled persons from 2006-07. Government is

distributing Rs. 200/- on first of every month to Old age persons, Weavers, Widows and Rs.500/- to Disabled Persons. A total of 71,79,926 pensions are targeted to be distributed every month. During the year 2009-10, an amount of Rs. 2,003.02 crores has been provided in the budget. Government released an amount of Rs. 1,502.26 crores of which, Rs. 1,122.82 crores has been distributed to 66,36,465 pensioners upto November 2009. The details of pensions are: 1. Old Age Pensions (OAPS) During the year 2009-10, an amount of Rs. 420.91 crores has been provided in the budget to cover 17,19,398 pensioners. An amount of Rs. 315.68 crores has been released and Rs. 249.87 crores is distributed to 15,10,542 pensioners (upto November 2009). 2. Indiramma Pensions to Old Age Persons and Widows During the year 2009-10, an amount of Rs. 1105.61 crores has been provided in the budget to cover 46,27,385 pensioners under these categories. An amount of Rs. 829.20 crores has been released and Rs. 701.67 crores is distributed to 42,99,073 pensioners (upto November, 2009).
3. Indiramma Pensions to Disabled Persons

Table 8.30 Pensions under Social Assistance Program 2009-10 (upto Nov.09) (Amount Rs.Crores) Scheme Alloc Relea Expe Pensioners (No.) ation ses nditu re NOAP 420.91 315.68 249.86 1510542 Indiramma 476.50 357.37 330.74 826850 Pensions to Disabled Persons Indiramma 1105.60 829.20 701.67 42,99,073 Pensions to Old Age Persons and Widows NFBS 10.00 5.00 4.75 9511 Source:- SERP-Rural Development Department

Remote and Interior Areas Development Programme (RIAD)

8.25 The Government of Andhra Pradesh is the only state in the country to have created a separate wing in the General Administration Department for implementation of the Remote and Interior Areas Development program to co-ordinate the implementation of core socio-economic activities by various departments. The objective of the programme is to wean away the youth living in the Remote and Interior areas from the influence of the left wing extremist ideologies by improving the socio-economic conditions of the people. 5,622 habitations were identified as Remote and Interior Areas for this project in 332 mandals covering a population of 54.38 lakhs in 18 districts i.e., Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, Visakhapatnam, East Godavari, Guntur, Prakasam, Nellore, Anantapur, Kadapa, Kurnool, Adilabad, Karimnagar, Warangal, Khammam, Mahabubnagar, Nizamabad, Medak and Nalgonda districts which are the most backward areas in the State. To achieve this objective, GOAP has identified the following development activities viz., jobs, resolving forest revenue issues, Minor Irrigation program, Health, strengthening the infrastructure under education, all weather roads to all the habitations, Rural water 180

Disabled persons having a minimum of 40% disability is the criteria for eligibility. The rate of pension has been enhanced to Rs. 500/- p.m. from November 2008 onwards for all the Disabled Pensioners. During the year 2009-10, an amount of Rs. 476.50 crores has been provided in the budget to cover 8,33,143 pensioners. An amount of Rs 357.38 crores has been released and Rs. 330.74 crores has been distributed to 8,26,850 pensioners (upto November, 2009). Family Benefit Scheme Under the Family Benefit Scheme, during the year 2009-10, an amount of Rs. 10.00 crores has been provided in the budget and Rs. 5.00 crores has been released and Rs.4.76 crores has been distributed to 9,511 families (upto November 2009).Details are shown in Table 8.30. 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702

supply and Rashtriya Sam Vikas Yojana as essential. Employment and Job linked Training: It is estimated that there are about two lakh unemployed/underemployed youth in the RIAD areas. A computerized data base of bio- data of all the youth identified is being built up in Rural Development Department to ensure follow up. During 2006-07, 16,722 were trained by reputed organizations like Reddy Laboratories Foundation, National Academy of Construction etc., with funds available in D.R.D.As and 10,543 were given placements. Rs.70 Crores was sanctioned separately for RIAD areas for the first time during 2007-08 under Rajiv Yuva Shakti to train 43,035 youth to make them employable mostly in the private sector. 8,875 candidates were provided jobs after training and 5,355 are undergoing training. Rs. 89.15 Crores was provided for Training and Placements during 2008-09 under Rajiv Udyog Sri, of which, 40% spent in RIAD areas. In the 2008-09 annual programme, an amount of Rs 36.00 Crores has been provided to train and provide placements to 40,000 youth. EGMM (Employment Generation and Marketing Mission) of Rural Development entered agreement with reputed trainers and employers to train rural youth and provide placement. Strengthening the infrastructure under Education:
Additional accommodation for High Schools / hostels: A Master Plan for providing

additional accommodation for the 752 Zilla Parishad High Schools in the RIAD areas with an estimated cost of Rs. 157.20 Crores has been prepared. An amount of Rs 25.00 crores is provided under RIDF XIV for additional accommodation in 156 schools during 2008-09. Rs 25.60 Crores was sanctioned under RIDF XIII during 2007-08 for providing additional accommodation in 36 Tribal welfare Ashram High Schools for Girls. An amount of Rs 22.80 Crores is provided under RIDF XIV for additional accommodation in Ashram/ Residential Schools during 2008-09. Rs 4.25 Crores was 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702 181

sanctioned during 2007-08 for providing additional accommodation/ repairs to 36 Social Welfare hostels. An amount of Rs 10.00 Crores was provided during 2008-09 for additional accommodation in Hostels/ other Social Welfare Educational Institutions. Rs 2.50 Crores provided during 2008-09 under RIDF XIV-RIAD for providing SW College hostel buildings. To fill critical gaps in Degree College education in Tribal Areas, five degree colleges with attached hostels for boys and girls to these colleges were sanctioned during 2007-08 at Seetampeta in Srikakulam district, Gumma Laxmipuram in Vizianagaram district, Chintapalli in Visakhapatnam district, Eturnagaram in Warangal district and Utnoor in Adilabad district with a budget of Rs 15.52 Crores for recurring and non recurring expenditure. Rs 9.52 Crores was provided in 2008-09, for completion of buildings and recurring expenditure. An amount of Rs 22.28 Crores was sanctioned during 2008-09 under RIDFXIV RIAD for taking up construction of hostel buildings in 13 Government Junior Colleges. Similarly, Rs. 10 Crores was sanctioned for additional accommodation to 17 existing Junior Colleges from state plan of Higher Education Dept. and Rs 20.00 Crores from RIDFXIV-RIAD in 2008-09 for construction of hostel buildings attached was provided to 17 out of 36 Junior Colleges in RIAD areas. To fill critical gaps in Junior College education for tribal girls, six TW Residential Junior Colleges have been sanctioned during 2007-08 at P. Konavalasa in Vizianagaram District, Chintapalli in Visakhapatnam district, Rampachodavaram in East Godavari district, Eturunagaram in Warangal district, Utnoor in Adilabad district and Mahanandi in Kurnool district with a budget of Rs 8.75 Crores as recurring cost and for buildings. During 2008-09, Rs 15.00 Crores was provided under this scheme. Large number of teacher posts reserved for Scheduled Tribes in Scheduled areas and outside have been lying vacant. Hence, B.Ed colleges at Araku (Visakhapatnam District) and Utnoor (Adilabad District) and D.Ed

colleges at Rampachodavaram (East Godavari District) and Bhadrachalam (Khammam District) were sanctioned. 100 additional seats in existing B.Ed college at Bhadrachalam (Khammam District) were also sanctioned. Rs 4.00 Crores is also provided for construction of buildings to two B.Ed., and two D.Ed., Colleges and additional accommodation to existing B.Ed College at Bhadrachalam under RIDF XIV RIAD. Resolving Forest-Revenue issues: The most important land problem in these RIAD areas is lack of survey and settlement of reserve forest boundaries and non-settlement of rights of people as per provision of Forest Acts. About 12.34 lakh hectares of RF in 986 reserve forest blocks are yet to be finally notified and rights of people to be settled as per the procedure laid down under Sections 4 to 15 of Andhra Pradesh Forest Act of 1967. 18 posts of Forest Settlement Officers with supporting staff were sanctioned by the GOAP. The work is started. All weather roads to all the habitations in the project area: Provision of all weather roads to these remote and interior habitations will greatly strengthen the governments efforts to improve the socio-economic conditions of people living in the areas and wean them away from the influence of left wing extremism and also strengthen the administration in combating Naxalism in the state. A comprehensive master plan to provide all weather connectivity to each of the RIAD habitations was prepared by the R&B department and the Panchayat Raj department in the state with a total estimated cost of Rs.2,628.70 Crores. The plan details the existing roads, roads under construction and remaining roads to be taken up to ensure all weather connectivity to all the 5,622 RIAD habitations in all the 18 districts. The programme is phased over three years starting from 2006-07. During 2006-07, 43 R&B works with an estimated cost of Rs 64.03 Crores were sanctioned. Of which, 14 works were completed and others are in progress. During 2007-08, 58 works with an estimated cost of

Rs 139.00 Crores was sanctioned and all of them are in entrustment stage. An amount of Rs 100.00 Crores is provided during 2008-09 under RIDF. Under RIDF XI (NABARD), 122 works with an estimated cost of Rs 102.36 Crores were sanctioned during 2006-07. 77 works were completed with an expenditure of Rs 63.00 Crores. During 2007-08, 55 works were sanctioned with an estimated cost of Rs 84.72 Crores and 44 were cleared by NABARD. During 2008-09 and 2009-10, 26 R&B works with an estimated cost of Rs. 70.00 Crores were sanctioned. An amount of Rs 100.00 Crores was provided for this programme during 2008-09 under RIDF XIV-RIAD. A revised proposal for sanction of Rs 410.85 Crores to take up 365 roads under PMGSY was submitted to Government of India. Government of India indicated an amount of Rs 175 Crores under 12th Finance Commission Award for taking up B.T. roads in RIAD areas from 2006-07 to 2009-10. In the first two years (2006-07 and 2007-08), 112 works with an estimated cost of Rs 115.69 Crores were sanctioned. Of which, 68 works are already grounded. During 2008-09 and 2009-10, 27 PR works with an estimated cost of Rs.23.14 Crores were sanctioned. During 2009-10, Rs.87.40 crores were released to carryout the ongoing programmes under 12th Finance Commission Grants which are being executed by PR(RIAD) department and R&B NABARD also. Minor Irrigation Programme: There is substantial potential for constructing small irrigation structures and Lift Irrigation that can provide irrigation facility to the lands in the remote areas to increase productivity. Master plan consisting of 112 MI works with an estimated cost of Rs 210.00 Crores is under implementation. Rs 19.79 Crores were sanctioned from RIDF XIV-RIAD to take up two Lift Irrigation schemes during 2006-07. Ten more schemes under state plan were also taken up during 2007-08and 2008-09 in RIAD areas with an estimated cost of Rs 308.55 Crores.

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Rural Water Supply: District wise master plans were prepared for Rural Water Supply. The estimated cost is Rs 141.29 Crores to cover 2,465 RIAD habitations. Rs 40.16 Crores was already provided during 2007-08 to cover 826 habitations. Rs 51 Crores was provided during 2008-09 for 11 PWS schemes in RIAD areas. Health: Two ANM training Centers have been sanctioned at GL Puram and Utnoor in ITDA areas. In order to improve health infrastructure facilities in RIAD areas, Rs. 60 Crores was provided during 2008-09 for construction of 705 Sub Centers, two ANM Training Centers, one Nutritional Rehabilitation Center and 29 PHCs. Rashtriya Sam Vikas Yojana (RSVY): To remove regional imbalances between some districts, Government of India has introduced RSVY in 10 districts of Andhra Pradesh. Each district was allocated Rs.45 crores @ Rs.15 crores per annum for schemes that would address problems of low agriculture productivity, unemployment and fill critical gaps in infrastructure. An amount of Rs.352.50 crores has been released so far. From 2008-09, the name of the programme is changed as Backward Region Development Fund (BRGF) and extended to 3 more districts. Rs.381.91 crores is provided during 2008-09 under BRGF.

works. It includes 9,969 works with an amount of Rs. 81.89 crores under SC SubPlan and 5,874 works with an amount of Rs.47.30 crores under ST Sub-Plan. An amount of Rs.249.34 crores have been released to the districts.5608 works worth of Rs.76.84 crores were completed and the remaining works are in progress.

Rajiv Palle Bata

8.27 Rajiv Palle Bata, essentially is a programme involving dialogue between the Leader and people. As it is well known, people and their elected representatives are the twin motors powering our vibrant democracy. During the process, people get an opportunity to represent their problems directly to their Leaders. The leadership, in turn, is benefited by the public feedback about governmental policies. The resultant symbiosis reinforces the democratic process. During his visits to districts, Honble C.M. receives petitions and gives assurances to people serving community needs. The programme was started in 2004. In all, 54,540 petitions have been received in the entire state, of which about 96.66% have been responded to. In all, 1,195 assurances have also been made during public interactions out of which, 1,079 (90.30%) have been redressed and 107 (8.95%) assurances are under different stages of implementation while 9(0.75%) are yet to be addressed. The assurance given during the programme was generally fulfilled by meeting the expenditure from the budget of the respective departments. However, from 2005-06 onwards, Government have started earmarking some plan funds under Rajiv Palle Bata Scheme which is meant to act as a limited cushion for sanction of works wherever necessary. Upto 31.3.2009, an amount of Rs.438.22 crores has been sanction under the programme. During 2009-10, an amount of Rs.25.00 Crores has been provided under the programme. These funds are fully utilized being provided to various districts for taking developmental works, as approved by 183

*** Backward Region Grant Fund (B.R.G.F)

8.26 Government of India have launched a new programme called B.R.G.F commencing from 2007-08. The main objective of the programme is to redress regional imbalance in development by providing funds for bridging critical gaps in local infrastructure. The programme is being implemented in 13 selected districts in the State (1st phase of N.R.E.G.A) with an allocation of Rs.335.28 crores under Development Grant and Rs.13 crores under Capacity Building. District plans for 13 BRGF Districts were received from the District Planning Committees and the Annual Plan for the year 2009-10 was approved by the High Power Committee with an estimated cost of Rs. 337.09 crores for taking up 44,073 8.Social InfrastructureNYS0702

Honble Chief Minister and as a part of fulfillment of assurances of Honble Chief Minister. A Web-based Petition Monitoring System (PMS) has been developed to monitor the redressed status on line from anywhere at any point of time. Pulivendula Area Development Agency (PADA) 8.28 Villages in Andhra Pradesh are at different stages of development. While those in the prosperous regions of the State have achieved significant development, a majority of the villages in backward areas remain underdeveloped. On account of these, a more workable strategy for the Government was to identify a few villages where integrated development can be brought about through planned interventions and use these villages

as model to inspire and motivate all other villages to emulate the same path. Initiating action in line with the above innovative idea, Government have released an amount of Rs.172.27 crores during 200405 to 2008-09 to develop 103 identified villages covering 7 mandals in Kadapa district under Model Village scheme on pilot basis. For continuing the infrastructure development in the identified villages of the area as per the action plan contemplated by the Pulivendula Area Development Agency an amount of Rs.50.00 crores was released during year 2009-10.

***

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9. POVERTY, EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT

Poverty
9.1 Conventionally, poverty has been identified with low level of income that prevents a family from obtaining and enjoying the basic necessities of life like food, clothing, shelter and water. Besides, the usual income poverty, covering income and consumption, the social parameters like education, health and access to basic needs brought in a new definition to non-income poverty emphasising Human development. The core objective of Planning in India as envisioned in the 1st Five Year Plan(1951-56) for the Nation was to raise standard of living of people. During the Sixth Plan period, expenditure approach has been adopted, which defined poverty as the midpoint of the monthly-per capita expenditure class having a specific calorie intake of 2400 per person in rural areas and 2100 per person in urban areas respectively. The monetary equivalent of these norms was derived using the household consumption data of 28th round of National Sample Survey(1973-74). The Planning Commission, as the Nodal Agency for estimation of poverty, has been estimating the number and percentage of poor at national and state levels. Since March 1997, it has been using the Expert Group Methodology (Expert Group on Estimation of Proportion and Number of Poor) to estimate poverty. Expert group, constituted in March 1990 to examine the proportion and the number of poor, suggested that a State specific poverty line be estimated on the basis of a standardized commodity basket. The basket corresponding to the poverty line at the national level is valued as per the price prevailing in each State in 1973-74. As per the accepted expert group methodology, consumer price index for agricultural labourers (CPIAL) is used for updating the rural poverty line and Consumer Price Index for industrial workers (CPIIW) is used for updating the urban poverty line. 185 Using this methodology, the Planning Commission had released the poverty estimates for the years 1973-74, 1977-78, 1983, 1987-88 and 1993-94 in March 1997. Subsequently, the poverty estimates for 1999-2000 released in 2001 were found to be not strictly comparable with the estimates for the previous years. The Planning commission, using the expert group methodology, had estimated poverty in 2004-05 using the consumption distribution obtained from the latest large sample survey data (NSS 61st Round) on household consumer expenditure. The consumption data for all the food and non food items was collected using 30-day recall period (known as reference period) and was termed as Uniform Recall Period (URP). As per these official estimates of poverty released by the Planning Commission, poverty ratios of rural areas and urban areas of AP for 2004-05 were 11.20% and 28.00% respectively and that for the State as a whole was 15.80%. The corresponding figures for All India during the same period were 28.30%, 25.70% for rural and urban areas and 27.50% for the Nation as a whole. Annexure 9.1 depicts the percentage of people below the poverty line in Andhra Pradesh and at All India level for different time periods. Over the period, the percentage of people below poverty line has declined both for the State as well as for All India. The paradoxical situation in respect of Andhra Pradesh was that the urban poverty was higher than the rural poverty. Higher inclusive growth that increases agricultural growth, rural non-farm sector and reduction in rural-urban and social disparities is important for faster reduction in poverty. Andhra Pradesh is known for introducing innovative poverty alleviation programmes, massive subsidization of Rice especially

during the last two decades or so. Apart from the general economic policies and bold policy initiatives, the targeted poverty alleviation programmes like Velugu or Indira Kranthi Patham (IKP) for womens empowerment, INDIRAMMA programme for providing housing and other infrastructure, pensions, land distribution and health insurance (Arogyasri) are the other important programmes helping the poor in various dimensions. Besides increasing the budgetary allocations, effective monitoring and improving delivery systems in poverty alleviation programmes will help reduce the severity of poverty.
EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT

Work Force (Employed) Persons who are engaged in any economic activity constitute the work force. The number of persons employed per 1000 persons is called Work Force Participation rate (WFPR). The work force participation rate per 1000 persons is based on current daily status. As per the current daily status, a person was considered working (employed) for the entire day if he/she had worked for 4 hours or more during the day. Work force participation rate among males and females in rural areas of Andhra Pradesh declined during 2004-05 when compared to 1999-2000, whereas in urban areas of A.P it increased. Work force participation rates in general are high in Andhra Pradesh when compared with all India. Details are given in Annexure 9.3. Apart from the quantity of employment, quality is a concern in the state. Problems such as wage rate, seasonality, job insecurity, illiteracy, occupational hazards etc., continue in the state. Around 94% of the workers in A.P. are in the unorganized sector and in fact, the state reports high incidence of employment in the unorganized/informal economy. Further, demographic dividend, which is one of the sources of future economic growth in Andhra Pradesh, is expected to increase the working age group and reduce dependency ratio. Reduction in dependency ratio is likely to increase savings and investments. Shifting the workforce from Agriculture to the non-farm sector is an ideal way for enhancing the income levels of the poor by creating quality non-agriculture work opportunities through skill development in rural areas. Employment Growth: The main features of employment situation at All India level as well as State level are summarized in Table 9.1.

9.2 One of the most important surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) is the Quinquennial Survey on Employment and Unemployment and the latest being during 2004-05. In order to reveal the multidimensional aspects of employment and unemployment situation, information on several variables was also collected in these surveys. Persons who were engaged in any economic activity are termed as workers. Unpaid helpers who assisted in the operation of an economic activity are also considered as workers. Labour Force Persons categorized as working (employed) and also those who are seeking or available for work (unemployed) together constitute labour force. The labour force participation Rate (LFPR) is defined as the number of persons in the labour force per 1000 persons. The estimates of Labour Force participation Rate based on daily status (current) are presented in Annexure 9.2. Labour Force participation rates during the year 2004-2005 increased when compared with 1999-2000. Labour Force Participation rates both rural and urban areas of Andhra Pradesh were higher when compared with all India.

186

Table 9.1 Employment Growth and Elasticity

Employment Growth and Elasticity Andhra Pradesh All India

Compound Annual Growth Rate of 1.44 1.89 Employment (1993-94 to 1999-2000) Compound Annual Growth Rate of 2.65 4.42 Employment(1999-2000 to 2004-2005) Employment Elasticity 0.11 0.13 (1993-94 to 1999-2000) Employment Elasticity 0.43 0.74 (1999-2000 to 2004-05) Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics

candidates were on the Live Register of Employment Exchanges at the end of September, 2009. Employment in the Organised Sector in A.P. (Public and Private Sectors) from March1966 to March 2009 is given in Annexure 9.4. Rajiv Udyogasri: Government has started a New Employment Generation scheme with the aim of enabling ten lakhs jobs in private sector for the unemployed youth. To achieve this, a society called Rajiv Udyogasri has been set up in July 2007 with the following objectives. Objectives: 1. To play the role of facilitator to unemployed youth and employers / industry. 2. To achieve placements of atleast 10 lakhs youth in next 2 years, 5 lakhs in high end jobs in the IT & ITES sector and 5 lakhs in low end jobs in other sectors. 3. To identify the employment potential. 4. To impart necessary skills to the candidates so as to enable them to get absorbed in the private establishment. The important line departments viz., MEPMA/MA&UD, Technical Education, Intermediate Board, Collegiate Education, Youth services, NAC, IEG, SC Corporation, Minorities Welfare, AP Vikalangula Cooperative Corporation, EGMM and Employment and training, are undertaking employment generation activity in the shape of training the youth for the emerging opportunities and helping them be employed with the active coordination and consent of the private sector employers. Before the setting up of this society as an umbrella organization to coordinate and consolidate, these Line departments had been engaged in employment generation activities and provided 1.98 lakhs placements during the period 2004 to 2007. The cumulative achievements enabled by these line departments upto October, 2009 (since, 2004) in employment generation are shown in the Table 9.2. 187

The growth of employment in the State in the early reform period(1993-94 to 1999-2000) is relatively low when compared with that of All India. Although, it has increased and almost doubled during the period 1999-2000 to 2004-05, rate of increase in employment in respect of All India is significantly high. The employment elasticity which represents the responsiveness of employment generation to change in gross domestic product, is low in both Andhra Pradesh and All India.

EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING

9.3 Employment in Organized Sector As per the Employment Marketing Information (EMI) collected by Employment Exchanges in Andhra Pradesh, there were 8,900 establishments in organized sector in Andhra Pradesh at the end of March, 1966. Out of these, 3,123 were in public Sector and 5,777 were in Private Sector. The number of establishments in the organized sector has now grown to 21,474 by March, 2009. Out of these, 13,668 were in Public Sector and 7,806 were in Private Sector. 20.83 lakhs persons were employed in the organized Sector as on March, 2009. The Public Sector alone accounted for 13.57 lakhs and the remaining 7.26 lakhs were employed in Private Sector. During the year 2009-10(upto Sept.09), a total of 88,107 candidates were enrolled, as many as 5,746 vacancies were notified to Employment Exchanges and 693 candidates were placed. As many as 19,13,717

Table 9.2 Employment Generation by certain Line Departments 2004-09 (upto Oct.09) Number Department Placed MA&UD/MEPMA 70,608 Technical education 60,958 Intermediate Board 19,956 Collegiate Education 6,965 Youth service 97,002 NAC 85,460 IEG 20,995 SC Corporation 14,830 Minorities Welfare 1,876 AP Vikalangula Co-operative Corporation 322 EGMM 1,24,608 Employment and Training Others (direct Placements etc) Grand Total Source: Rajiv Udyogsri Society 93,996 2,10,366 8,07,942

9.4 Unemployment: The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) which provides the Un-employment estimates on the basis of the Quinquennial surveys. Persons are considered as unemployed, if he/she was not working, but was either seeking or was available for work for a relatively longer time during the reference period. Unemployment rate is defined as the number of persons unemployed per 1000 persons in the labour force. This in effect gives the unutilized portion of the labour force. It is a more refined indicator of the unemployment situation in a population than the proportion of unemployed, which is nearly the number of unemployed per 1000 persons in the population as a whole. Unemployment rates based on the usual principal and subsidiary status in Andhra Pradesh and All India in general have increased over the period 1993-94 to 200405. The unemployment rates on usual (principal and subsidiary) status of various rounds for Andhra Pradesh and All India are presented in Annexure- 9.5. It can be seen that while the rural unemployment rates as well as urban unemployment (per 1000 persons) in Andhra Pradesh as well as All India have increased during 1993-94 to 19992000. However, during the period 19992000 to 2004-05, the rural and urban unemployment rates in respect of Andhra Pradesh have decreased. The rate of decline in respect of urban unemployment (from 39 to 36) was much sharper as compared to that of the rural unemployment (from 8 to 7). The unemployment rates of All India for the same period have shown a mixed trend with the rural unemployment (from 15 to 17) rising and its urban counterpart (from 47 to 45) showing a decline.

Besides the above, Government have been implementing various initiatives/programmes to enhance the employment opportunities including wage employment, self employment to the rural and urban population in the state. Details of employment provided during 2009-10 under some of the important programmes are shown in Table 9.3.
Table 9.3 Employment provided under some important programmes during 2009-10 Number Programme Unit employed Lakh Sericulture (upto 4.19 sept.09) persons Large, Medium, SSI persons 74,386 and tiny Industries
(upto sept.09)

Employment provided in IT sector

(during 2008-09)

Persons employed Crore person days

12,786

NREGA- Person days generated (upto 9th

October, 09)

24.12

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188

10. ELEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN AN APPRAISAL

11th Five Year Plan (2007-2012)- Targeting rapid and inclusive growth: Significant improvement in the standards of living of the people in the State in the recent past is attributable to a number of strategic initiatives put in place by the Government over the years. The strength of the fundamentals of the economy is evident from the remarkable transition to a high growth path during the 10th Five Year Plan period. Growth is a pre-requisite for development as it provides the basis for expanding incomes and employment necessary for social uplift. With the spirit and objective of ensuring that growth is widely spread so that its benefits are adequately shared by the poor and weaker sections of the society, the Government has geared up for meeting the challenges during the 11th Five Year Plan. Government of India has focused on rapid and inclusive growth in the 11th Five Year Plan. The main emphasis is on the Social sector and delivery of services therein. Education, in particular, has been accorded utmost priority during the 11th Five Year Plan period. Mid-Term appraisal of 11th Five Year Plan: On the back of the impressive record of economic growth coupled with a certain positive upsurge in the living standards of the people as reflected by the growing Per Capita Income, the State along with the Nation has entered the Eleventh Five Year Plan period on an optimistic note. A brief year wise review of the performance of the state during the three year period of the 11th Five Year Plan in respect of the overall economy and sectoral plan performance and the overall consolidated performance of the state during the 3-year period focusing on the achievements under important programmes/ initiatives is discussed. Performance during 2007-08: Economic growth The first year (2007-08) of the 11th Five Year Plan witnessed a healthy momentum in the economy as the State, as per the Provisional 189 estimates and at constant (1999-2000) prices had registered an impressive GSDP growth of 10.75%, ahead of the Nations GDP growth of 9.01% for the same period. The three sectors of the State economy, namely, Agriculture, Industries and Services grew most impressively at rates of 16.86%, 10.45% and 8.01% respectively. The respective Sectoral growth rates of the Nation during the same period are 4.86% for Agriculture, 8.10% for Industries and10.85% for Services sector. The per capita income of Andhra Pradesh at current prices during 2007-08 was Rs. 35,600, while the corresponding figure for All India was Rs. 33,283. Annual Plan Sectoral performance: A portion of the consistent rise in economic growth of the state is attributable to sustained increases in Plan outlays. Broad sectoral break up of outlays and expenditure in each of the 3 years of the 11th Five Year Plan period are given in Annexure 10.1. Highlights of the sectoral performance under the Annual Plan of the State during the 1st year (2007-08) of the 11th Five Year Plan period is discussed below in brief. During 2007-08, the Planning Commission had approved the Annual Plan out lay for Rs. 30,500 Crores for Andhra Pradesh. The Actual expenditure was Rs. 27,171 crores and this works out to 89.08% of the allocation. It can be seen from the Annexure 10.1 that, Economic Services accounted for 69.71% of the total expenditure, while the Social Services and General Services respectively work out to 30.03% and 0.26%. Under Economic Services, Irrigation sector with an outlay of Rs. 12,974 crores (42.54% of the total Annual Plan outlay) emerges as the largest stakeholder during Year 2007-08. Transport, Rural Development and Agriculture and allied sectors respectively account for higher allocations under Economic Services category.

Under Social Services category, Housing gets the lions share, followed by Welfare of SCs, STs, BCs and Minorities and Urban Development. Housing accounted for over 10% of the total Plan expenditure during 2007-08. Performance during 2008-09: Economic growth In spite of the global financial and economic crisis, the GSDP(Q) of Andhra Pradesh for 2008-09 at constant prices could grow at a modest rate of 5.04% against all Indias Growth of 6.70% during the same period. While the three sectors of the state economy, namely, Agriculture, Industries and Services respectively grew at rates of 1.20%, 0.22% and 9.58%, the respective Sectoral growth rates of All-India during 2008-09 are 1.60% for Agriculture, 3.88% for Industries and 9.67% for Services sector. The per capita income of Andhra Pradesh at current prices during 2008-09(Q) was Rs. 40,902, while the corresponding All Indias per capita income was lower at Rs. 37,490. Annual Plan Sectoral performance The Planning Commission had approved highest ever amount of Rs. 44,000 crores as Annual Plan outlay for Andhra Pradesh state during the year 2008-09. The priority sectors of Irrigation, Rural development, Power and Agriculture & Allied sectors together accounted for about 51% of the total plan outlay. The total expenditure was Rs.30,618 crores and this nearly works out to 70% of the allocation. Expenditure under sectors of Economic Services accounted for 59.32% of the total expenditure while the shares of Social Services and General Services respectively work out to 40.25% and 0.44%. Under Economic Services, Irrigation sector with an outlay of Rs. 16,472 crores (37.44% of the total Annual Plan outlay) continued to be the largest stakeholder during year 200809 also. Transport, Rural Development and Agriculture and allied sectors respectively account for other sectors with higher allocations under Economic Services category. Under Social Services category, Housing with 13.43% of total share in the outlay followed by Welfare of SCs, STs, BCs and 190

Minorities and Urban Development. Housing sector accounted for over 13% of the total Plan expenditure during 2008-09, bettering its performance over previous year. Performance during 2009-10: Economic growth Notwithstanding the unfavourable seasonal conditions and fury of floods that have adversely impacted the state during the last couple of months, the economy is expected to grow moderately during the year 2009-10. Signaling certain signs of recovery, the GSDP of Andhra Pradesh for 2009-10 as per the Half-yearly estimates at Constant(19992000) prices, is projected to grow at 7.28%, as against all-Indias growth rate of 6.99% during the same period. Due to inadequate and untimely rainfall besides natural calamities, the Kharif agricultural production is expected to be less than that of the previous year. The onus would be on the Industry and Services sectors to lift the growth performance. Annual Plan Sectoral performance The Planning Commission has approved an amount of Rs.33,497 crores as Annual Plan outlay for Andhra Pradesh state during the year 2009-10. The priority sectors of Irrigation, Rural development, Housing and Urban Development together accounts for about 67% of the total plan outlay. The total expenditure till the end of December 2009 was Rs.17,936 crores. Out of this, Economic Services accounted for about 70% of the total expenditure. Overall performance under 11th Five Year Plan: Three years have gone by so far under the 11th Five Year Plan. The overall and comprehensive picture of the average plan performance during the first 3 years under the 11th Five Year Plan and performance of various Flagship programmes being implemented in the state are presented below. Economic growth The state economy (GSDP), on an average grew at 7.89% during the first two years of the 11th Five Year Plan period (2007-08 and 2008-09) - a few notches above the All

Indias GDP growth of 7.86% for the same period. Regarding sectoral average growth rates for this period, agriculture sector in the state grew at 9.03%, much better than its All India counter part of 3.23%. For the two-year period, the Industries sector in the state grew at 5.33% as against 5.99% of All India. Similarly, the Services sector in the state grew at 7.89%. Record foodgrain production of 204.21 lakh tonnes aided by copious rainfall during the year 2007-08 has helped the State to record impressive performance in agriculture. The performance of All India in respect of the Industry and Services sectors is better when compared with the state performance. However, the average Per Capita Income (PCI) of the state of Rs. 38,251 is comparatively better than that of All Indias average (for two years) PCI of Rs. 35,387, indicating a relatively better standard of living of the people in the state. It is likely that the various poverty alleviating and employment generating programmes being implemented along with better delivery of welfare and safety nets in the state have helped the people in maintaining relatively better standards. As mentioned above, the GSDP of Andhra Pradesh for the year 2009-10 as per the Halfyearly estimates, is projected to grow at 7.28%, as against all-Indias growth rate of 6.99% during the same period, signaling great resilience despite the devastations of drought and floods in latter part of 2009. Annual Plan a summary of Sectoral performance The Planning Commission had approved a total amount of Rs. 1,07,997 crores as Annual Plan outlay for Andhra Pradesh state during the years 2007-08, 2008-09 and 200910. An amount of Rs. 75,725 crores has been spent. The expenditure for 2009-10 has been taken upto the end of (December, 2009) only. On the average for the three year period, Economic Services accounted for about 64% of the total outlay, while Social Services accounted for a little over 35% and General Services under 1 percent of the total outlay. Irrigation sector with an outlay share of

41.57% and Housing with 11.64% share are the major stakeholders in the total outlay. Ensuring Equity and Social Justice: Consistent with recommendations of the Planning Commission to adhere to allocations for SCs and STs in proportion to their shares in State population, on the average, the respective shares in the total outlays have been maintained under SCSP and TSP in the Annual Plans. Review of performance under priority initiatives/ programmes: As already mentioned in the foregoing paragraphs, the innovative and bold initiatives put in place by the state government in the last five to six years have not only lifted the standards of living of the people but were also instrumental in accomplishing the targeted growth. Besides the achievements under the priority sectors like irrigation, agriculture and rural development, the state is committed to focus on increasing public spending on social sector - especially on Housing, Urban development and welfare of SCs, STs, minorities etc. besides the new initiatives like Arogyasri and 104/108 medical services, Abhaya Hastam, and others so as to ensure that the benefits of economic development and technology reach the needy. The following is the outcome of some of the programmes /initiatives implemented during the 3 years of the 11th Five Year Plan. Agricultural renaissance The growth in agricultural sector in Andhra Pradesh, after reaching a peak in the eighties started decelerating in the nineties only to recover and gain momentum in the recent periods. The growth rate of agricultural sector during the tenth plan period was higher than the targeted growth rate. The prospects of the State in meeting the 11th Five Year Plan target of 4% also seems achievable. The state has been implementing a number of farmer-friendly initiatives to encourage farming in the state. These include supply of free power to Agriculture, insulate farmers from financial losses and to restore their credit eligibility in the event of crop loss through Agricultural insurance, disbursement 191

of agricultural credit, debt waiver encouraging farmers to adopt integrated pest management practices. During the first three years of the 11th Five Year Plan so far, an amount of Rs. 9617.20 crores has been given as subsidy (tariff and cross subsidies) towards providing free power thereby benefitting nearly 20 lakh farmers every year. The area, production and productivity of foodgrains have increased considerably. After an impressive foodgrain production of 198.17 lakh tonnes during the 1st year of 11th Five Year Plan, i.e 2007-08, the state has registered a record foodgrain production of 204.21 lakh tonnes during 2008-09. However, due to the adverse seasonal conditions prevailing in most parts of the state and subsequent floods, the state may experience a slump in production during this financial year. The massive programme of Jalayagnam, of creating 98.41 lakh acres of new irrigation potential and stabilizing 22.26 lakh acres by constructing a total number of 86 irrigation projects-which include 44 major, 30 medium projects, 4 flood banks and modernizing 8 projects has been mounted since 2004-05. 12 projects have been completed and water released during 2004-05 to 2008-09. During the 3 years (2007-08 to December, 2009) of the 11th Five Year Plan 12.26 lakh acres potential including stabilization of 2.20 lakh acres, was created. Huge budgetary allocations have been provided for the irrigation sector during the period. In fact, irrigation sector alone has accounted for 41.57% (amounting to Rs. 44,898 crores) of the total plan outlay during 2007-09 to 2009-10. Health initiatives: Arogyasri One of objectives of the Eleventh Five Year Plan is to achieve good health for the people, especially the poor and underprivileged. To provide financial protection to families living below poverty line for treatment of serious ailments, the Arogyasri Health Care Trust was set up to implement a Community Health Insurance scheme Arogyasri.

Since inception in April, 2007, in all 15,353 medical camps were held in network hospitals in rural areas wherein 26.81 lakh patients have been screened. Of these, 7.2 lakh patients have been treated as outpatients and 5.7 lakh as in-patients. 4.94 lakh patients underwent surgery/therapy at a cost of Rs. 1478.56 crores. Emergency Transport(108) and Health Information (104) Services: Toll Free 108 (EMRI): to enable rural poor easy access to hospital services, free of cost, in times of emergency. 652 ambulances are operating round-the clock. Further, a Callerfree Telephone service(104) for the rural and urban population of the State to disseminate information, advice and guidance related to any health problem have been undertaken by the Government. Medical and Health sector has been adequately funded. During the 3 year period(2007-08 to 2009-10), an amount of Rs. 3,489 crores (about 3.24% of total plan outlays) has been provided in the Plan Budgets. Housing & Pensions under INDIRAMMA: Andhra Pradesh has been the pioneer in implementing Housing for All duly making it a reality on saturation basis. During 1st three years of the 11th Five Year Plan, (200708 to 2009-10), 26.51 lakh houses have been constructed. In order to accomplish saturation on the housing front, sizable budgetary allocations have been made during the recent past. In fact, housing accounts for 11.64% (amounting to Rs. 12,569 crores) of the total plan outlay during the 3 year period of the 11th Five Year Plan. Incidentally, Housing sector happens to be the 2nd largest shareholder of Plan budget, only falling behind the massive irrigation sector. Largest ever social security net target is to provide pensions every month to around 71.79 lakh persons comprising old-aged, disabled and widows across the state. Substantial budgetary allocations provided in the plan budgets and pensions have been distributed to 66,36,465 pensioners upto November, 2009.

192

Self Help Groups(SHGs) The concept of Indira Kranthi Patham has been evolved with an objective of enabling all the rural poor families in 22 rural districts of Andhra Pradesh to improve their livelihoods and quality of life. All households below the poverty line, starting from the poorest of the poor are the target group of Indira Kranthi Patham. As of December, 2009, 9.34 lakh SHGs covering 1.07 crore rural women are functioning in the state with nearly 53% of them covered under Bank linkage. Social Harmony From the year 2008-09, applications for scholarships and sanction of Scholarships to S.C, S.T and B.C students were made ONLINE to ensure that scholarships reach the students by the 1st of every month and also to ensure transparency by keeping all the information in the public domain. Urban Development Economic growth, substantially driven by Industries and Services sector is witnessing accelerated demographic expansion of urban population, not witnessed during last century across the state. The emerging challenge needs to be tackled on multiple fronts simultaneously. Service providers in urban areas normally inhabit low-lying slums. Government have started working on providing shelter with individual water supply and adequate drainage facilities to all such poor slum dwellers. Progress, hitherto is on track. Infrastructure Projects a) Hyderabad International Airport commenced work during 2005 and it is made operational in March,2008. b) 158 kms length of Outer Ring Road (ORR) around the capital city of Hyderabad is being implemented to reduce inner-city traffic congestion. Information Technology Information Technology and Communications continue to thrive in our State. I.T. exports worth Rs.12,521 crores during 200506 have increased to Rs.18,582 crores during 2006-07 to Rs. 32,509 during 2007-08 and further to Rs. 31,470 crores during 2008-09.

Similar upward surge in IT exports is expected to continue during 2009-10 also. Performance of Flagship programmes With a view to impart greater momentum to the efforts being made in various sectors, the Government has launched a number of programmes under sectors of Rural Development, Urban Development, Health and Sanitation, Agriculture, Education etc.. The sector-wise performance of various flagship programmes during the 11th Five Year Plan period is briefed hereunder. Rural Development The Government has launched a number of flagship programmes during the last few years. The Department of Rural Development implements these programmes for generating self-employment and wage employment, providing housing, rural roads and assets to the rural poor and social assistance to the destitute. A brief assessment of four flagship programmes, namely, National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS), Indira Awas Yojana (IAY), Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) and National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) sponsored by the Central Government. National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme (NREGP) The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 came into force on 2nd February 2006 According to this Act, workers are entitled to 100 days of wage employment for their households in a financial year. Government of Andhra Pradesh has adopted the Central Act and formulated the Andhra Pradesh Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (APREGS). This scheme was implemented in 1098 mandals across the state in the 22 districts excluding Hyderabad. Since inception of the scheme, an amount of Rs.7567 crores had been spent up to 9th October 2009. This has resulted in the generation of 73.41 crore person days of employment. This programme has so far covered 1.19 crore households through issuing job cards in 22 districts of Andhra Pradesh. The implementation of the scheme in Andhra Pradesh has been improving over time. 193

Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) Good infrastructure is necessary not only for the economic development of rural areas but also for overall human development and an acceptable standard of living. Infrastructure like rural roads can enhance connectivity and offer better marketing possibilities. A 100% Centrally Sponsored Scheme Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) was launched on 25th December 2000 primarily aiming to provide all-weather road connectivity to unconnected habitations. Under this programme, amounts of Rs. 386.59 crores, Rs. 495.59 crores and 672.15 crores was spent respectively in 2007-08, 2008-09 and 2009-10, till Dec. 2009. In all, a total amount of Rs. 1554.33 crores has been spent during these 3 years, a total road length of 5059.19 km. has been upgraded and another 12.60 km length of new connectivity has been provided. Indira Awas Yojana (IAY): Indira Awas Yojana (IAY) is the most significant rural housing scheme among the central schemes. Indira Awas Yojana is a Centrally Sponsored scheme being implemented in the state with a sharing pattern of 75:25 between the centre and the state. Under the IAY programme, amounts of Rs. 468.39 crores, Rs. 734.34 crores and 994.16 crores was utilized respectively during 200708, 2008-09 and 2009-10, till Dec. 2009 totaling to Rs. 2197.29 crores. The amounts include the state contribution besides the Central allocation. Under the IAY scheme, 6.33 lakh houses have been constructed during the three year period 2007-08 to Dec. 2009. National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) The National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP), sponsored by the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), Government of India, came into effect from August 15, 1995 with the purpose of providing social assistance to the rural poor in India. It aims at improving the quality of life of the rural poor. The programme has four components, namely: 194

1. National Old Age Pension Scheme (NOAPS) 2. National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS) 3. Indira Gandhi Widow Pension Scheme (IGWPS) 4. Indira Gandhi Disability Pension (IGDP). Under the NSA Programme, amounts of Rs. 129.10 crores, Rs. 240.92 crores and 249.86 crores was utilized respectively during 2007-08, 2008-09 and 2009-10 till Nov. 2009 totalling to Rs. 619.88 crores towards implementation of the above mentioned 4 components. The utilised amounts are out of the allocations of GoI. Health, Nutrition and Drinking Water The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) launched in the country during April 2005 is an articulation of the government's commitment to increase public spending on health. The main focus of this programme is to make all health facilities a fully functional, community owned, decentralised health delivery system with an emphasis on intersectoral convergence with sanitation, water, education, nutrition, social and gender equality besides strengthening all health facilities according to Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS). For implementation of various items subsumed under NRHM, amounts of Rs. 422.22 crores, 733.97 crores and Rs. 626.90 crores have been allocated during the years 2007-08, 2008-09 and 2009-10. Against these allocations, amounts of Rs. 281.00 crores, Rs. 522.88 crores and Rs. 304.73 crores has been spent respectively during the above 3 years. The scheme covers several health parameters. Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) ICDS is one of the important programmes of the Women Development and Child Welfare department which is headed by a Commissioner/Director in Andhra Pradesh. At the block level, the Child Development Project Officer (CDPO) implements all ICDS services. One or more Anganwadi Centres (AWCs) are functioning in each village, with one Anganwadi Worker (AWW) and one

Anganwadi Helper (AWH) to manage the AWC. The ICDS is a Centrally Pponsored scheme and is the single largest integrated programme of child development in the country and in the state. The main activities of ICDS centres are: 1) Provision of supplementary nutrition for children in the ages of 6 months to 6 years and pregnant and lactating mothers 2) Education for children between 3 to 6 years (Early Childhood Education) 3) Immunization of children and women in collaboration with the health department (ANM in the village) 4) Health check-up for children and women 5) Referral services for children and women 6) Nutrition and health education to mothers and adolescent girls. For undertaking various ICDS, amounts of Rs. 292.50 crores, 420.20 crores and Rs. 350.18 crores has been spent during the years 2007-08, 2008-09 and 2009-10. For supplementary Nutrition, additional amounts of Rs. 350.18 crores, 245.70 crores and Rs. 132.33 crores have also spent during the period. A total of no. 385 ICDS projects have been implemented with 73, 944 AWCs are operational in the state. With regard to physical achievements under Supplementary Nutrition, the number of children (6 months to 6 years of age) benefitted during the 2007-08, 2008-09 and 2009-10 are 40.77 lakhs, 41.31 lakhs and 40.05 lakhs respectively. Similarly, the no. of benefitted pregnant and lactating women for the same period are 10.01 lakhs, 10.78 lakhs and 10.43 lakhs. Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP) At present, about 72 % of water supply schemes are based on ground water as the source and 28% are covered by surface sources. Further, there is no safe source in about 1,647 habitations, of which 1,064 are fluoride affected. Apart from providing treated surface water to fluoride affected habitations, Rural Water Supply Scheme (RWSS) has tried various options for defluoridation including reverse osmosis for supplying safe drinking water. 195

Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP) is Centrally Sponsored scheme implemented under Bharat Nirman programme. An amount of Rs. 207.37 crores was spent under the Bharat Nirman programme for providing drinking water to 31,312 habitations against a target of 33,133 habitations during the last three years (200708 to 2009-10). Education: Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA) is a comprehensive and integrated flagship programme of Government of India, to attain Universal Elementary Education (UEE) in the country in a mission mode. Launched in partnership with the State Governments and local self-governments, SSA aims to provide useful and relevant education to all the children in the 6-14 age groups by 2010. Under the SSA programme, amounts of Rs. 466.26 crores, Rs. 945.00 crores and 411.93 crores was spent respectively during 200708, 2008-09 and 2009-10 (till Dec. 2009) totalling to Rs. 1823.19 crores. The amounts include the state contribution besides the Central allocation. Under this scheme, during the 3-year period, 128 new school buildings have been constructed, 166 primary schools and 167 Upper Primary schools have been made operational. Further, 760 schools have been provided with adequate drinking water facility and 1504 schools have been provided with toilet facility. Due to the infrastructure facilities and academic support, there has been improvement in enrolment as well as reducing drop out ratios. Mid Day Meal Scheme (MDMs) Midday Meal scheme (MDM) is being implemented from January 2003 in the state. Under the scheme, a minimum content of 450 calories and 12 grams of protein content is provided per child on each working day of the school for classes I to V and 700 calories and 20 grams of protein content is provided per child on each working day of the school for classes VI to X. Primary School, Upper Primary and High School Children of Classes I X studying in Government/Local bodies

and Aided institutions are covered under this scheme. Under the Mid-Day Meal programme, amounts of Rs. 177.41 crores, Rs. 206.61 crores and 144.00 crores was spent respectively during 2007-08, 2008-09 and 2009-10 (till Dec. 2009) totaling to Rs. 528.02 crores. The amounts include the state contribution besides the Central allocation. Under the scheme, 54.30 lakh students during 2007-08, 68.87 lakh students during 2008-09, and 86.07lakh students during 2009-10 have been covered under the scheme. Urban Development: Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewable Mission (JNNURM): The Government of India had launched the Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) for a period of 7 years beginning from 2005-06. The Mission, in effect, seeks to ensure sustainable infrastructure development in select cities of the country, selected on 2001 population criteria. The JNNURM Urban Reforms Mission has two Sub-Missions, viz., Urban Infrastructure & Governance (UI&G) and Basic Services to the Urban Poor(BSUP). Besides these two sub-missions, two other components viz., Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small & Medium Towns (UIDSSMT) and Integrated Housing and Slum Development Programme(IHSDP) are also associated with the development of the select cities, together making the Package of JNNURM. Major financial support under JNNURM would be given by the GOI, in the form of Central Assistance. So far, an amount of Rs. 1375.75 crores under UI&G scheme, Rs. 1088.98 crores under UIDSSMT, Rs. 926.60 crores under

BSUP and Rs. 328.93 crores under IHSDP has been spent. Agriculture and Water Management Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme Government of India has initiated assistance under AIBP to complete the ongoing Major and Medium Irrigation projects taken up with Central Water Commission and Planning Commission Clearances, since 1996 97 to create Irrigation Potential at Optimum cost, based on the guidelines issued from time to time. While 22 projects have been approved under AIBP during the 10th Five Year Plan, 3 more have been approved during the 11th Five Year Plan period so far. During 3-year period(2007-08 to 2009-10), 6 AIBP projects have been completed. During the 1st two years of the 11th Five Year Plan, 2.00 lakh hects. of irrigation potential has been created under the AIBP projects. A total amount of Rs. 5834.17 crores has been spent during the 3 years of the 11th Five Year Plan(2007-08 to 2009-10) so far under various AIBP projects in the state. State Horticultural Mission (SHM): The project envisages development of Horticulture sector focussing on Plantation Infrastructure Development, Rejuvenation, post-harvest management techniques, conducting awareness programmes and others. For carrying out the said activities, amounts of Rs. 128.84 crores, Rs. 66.18 crores have been spent during the two years 2008-09 and 2009-10 under the scheme. The Mission has benefited 3.71 lakh farmers during the 11th Five Year Plan period so far.

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196

Annexure - 2.15 Gross Fixed Capital Formation in Andhra Pradesh by Industry of Use at Current Prices
(Rs. Lakhs) Sl. No. 1 1 Industry 2 Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing 199484 28552 15584 122376 365996 35162 596207 412891 183316 438788 186771 208263 41054 12488 147122 408927 38265 614187 431643 182544 427445 197717 243383 51317 11010 182933 488643 7738 691097 488324 202773 293223 213179 282247 63655 21792 189307 557001 15530 453417 84301 16091 187237 804133 91250 16259 198104 837065 140260 13609 210947 1078405 178350 10914 237767 1505436 23438 2146454 1783115 363339 691181 728612 3589685 317865 1286099 143373 814666 327923 2439098 51143 238955 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 (P) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1.1 Agriculture 1.2 Live Stock 1.3 Forestry & Logging 1.4 Fishing Agriculture Sector 2 3 Mining & quarrying Manufacturing

741046 1109746 1201881 28162 29757 38844

870418 1081257 1630759 1869476 635998 234420 449205 260848 822068 1345738 1551557 259189 384113 262622 285021 449026 430051 317919 623741 604339

3.1 Manufacturing (Reg.) 3.2 Manufacturing (Un Reg.) 4 5 Electricity, Gas & Water Supply Construction Industry Sector 6 7 Trade, Hotels & Restuarants Transport, Storage & Communication

1256928 1277614 1205237 1596001 1756154 2539593 3136400 102419 675602 48299 484199 143104 494754 17949 476805 111424 817143 40744 527595 248804 585605 45267 540338 122424 730219 75014 552384 102821 655243 24205 631038 138047 694532 46700 596251 51581 772601 32203 740398 168239 872506 66446 677409 128651 202453 217943

984646 1095867 77047 715721 191878 110574 768087 217206

7.1 Railways 7.2 Transport by other means & Storage

7.3 Communications 8 Financing , Insurance, Real Estate & Business Services

990777 1299086 1831956 41657 66386 66559

8.1 Banking & Insurance Real Estate, Ownership of 8.2 Dwellings and Business Services 9 Community, Social & Personal Services

949120 1232700 1765397

240821 92131 148690

266983 100137 166846

276613 123136 153477

308870 125203 183667

324820 129070 195750

363212 151773 211439

554204 222212 331992

610643 235886 374757 4653705 9748826

9.1 Public Administration 9.2 Other Services Services Sector TOTAL GFCF P=Provisional Estimates

1513596 1781155 1784499 1914050 2356342 2849397 3699970 3136520 3467696 3478379 4067052 4853542 6498736 8038251

Source:Directorate of Economics and Statistics

210

Annexure - 4.1 Consumer Price Index Numbers for Industrial Workers at Selected Centers
(Base: 2001=100)

Sl. No.
1

Centre
2

2006-07
3

2007-08
4

2008-09
5

Apr - Sept Apr - Sept 2008 2009

6 7

Hyderabad

118

125

139

134

151

Guntur

122

128

145

140

160

Visakhapatnam

121

127

139

135

152

Warangal

126

136

153

151

171

Vijayawada

121

128

141

137

162

GodavariKhani

128

137

156

150

168

Vizianagaram-Chittivalasa

127

135

150

147

169

Kakinada- Rajahmundry

131

138

152

148

167

Jaggaihpeta -Miryalaguda

130

138

152

148

171

10

Tirupathi- Renigunta

126

132

146

142

162

11

Kothagudem-Palwancha

126

132

146

143

163

12

Nizamabad- Bodhan

132

138

153

148

170

Andhra Pradesh

125

132

147

142

162

All India
Source : 1. Labour Bureau, Shimla.

125

133

145

142

157

2. Directorate of Economics and Statistics.

218

Annexure 10.1 Outlay and Expenditure during Three Annual Plans of Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-12)
(Rs.crores) Annual Plan 2007-08 Sl. No. Head / Sub-Head of Development Annual Plan 2008-09 Annual Plan 2009-10
Three Annual Plans (2007-08 to 2009-10)

% % % % Expendi % % Expendit % Exp. Approv Approv Approv Expendi Exp. to Exp. to Expendi Exp. to Exp. to ture Exp. to Exp. to Approve ure to % Exp. to ed ed ed ture Actual Total ture Actual Total (upto Actual Total d Outlay (upto Actual Total Exp. Outlay Outlay Outlay Outlay Exp. Outlay Exp. Dec, 09) Outlay Exp. Dec, 09) Outlay 3
847.49 1574.01 594.69 12973.60 259.15 473.01 473 01 1431.89

2 Economic Services Agriculture and Allied I. Services II. Rural Development III. Special Area Development IV. Irrigation and Flood Control V. Energy VI. VI Industry and Minerals VII. Transport VIII. Communications Science, Technology and IX. Environment X. General Economic Services Total Economic Services B Social Services 1 General Education 2 Sports & Youth Services 3 Technical Education 4 Art & Culture 5 Medical & Public Health 6 Water Supply & Sanitation 7 Housing 8 Urban Development 9 Information & Publicity 10 Welfare of SC,ST,BC & Minorities 11 Labour and Employment 12 Social Security & Welfare 13 Nutrition (WD &CW) Total Social Services C General Services Grand Total Source: Planning Department

1 A

4
994.04 1448.03 877.63 12215.96 46.50 436.93 436 93 1689.05

5
117.29 92.00 147.58 94.16 17.94 92.37 92 37 117.96

6
3.66 5.33 3.23 44.96 0.17 1.61 1 61 6.22

7
2242.29 2901.49 120.00 16471.50 391.68 571.75 571 75 2483.16

8
2933.79 2731.11 120.00 9001.45 18.24 262.38 262 38 2228.31

9
130.84 94.13 100.00 54.65 4.66 45.89 45 89 89.74

10
9.58 8.92 0.39 29.40 0.06 0.86 0 86 7.28

11
1250.30 2924.14 25.00 15453.19 171.96 774.78 774 78 1492.76

12
667.28 2339.94 25.00 7936.26 14.20 16.10 16 10 1106.01

13
53.37 80.02 100.00 51.36 8.26 2.08 2 08 74.09

14
3.72 13.05 0.14 44.25 0.08 0.09 0 09 6.17

15
4340.08 7399.64 739.69 44898.29 822.79 1819.54 1819 54 5407.81

16
4595.11 6519.08 1022.63 29153.67 78.94 715.41 715 41 5023.37

17
105.88 88.10 138.25 64.93 9.59 39.32 39 32 92.89

18
6.07 8.61 1.35 38.50 0.10 0.94 0 94 6.63

276

3.14 1343.90 19500.88 732.11 92.04 86.93 35.56 760.28 831.86 4853.17 1464.58 15.00 1465.17 15.76 218.73 250.00 10821.19 177.93 30500.00

3.63 1228.58 18940.35 631.16 99.52 59.07 10.52 663.94 697.55 2780.52 1427.03 52.40 1259.73 25.49 218.57 233.68 8159.18 71.26 27170.79

115.61 91.42 97.13 86.21 108.13 67.95 29.58 87.33 83.85 57.29 97.44 349.33 85.98 161.74 99.93 93.47 75.40 40.05 89.08

0.01 4.52 69.71 2.32 0.37 0.22 0.04 2.44 2.57 10.23 5.25 0.19 4.64 0.09 0.80 0.86 30.03 0.26 100.00

2.97 1942.58 27127.42 1615.36 123.69 119.23 71.74 1317.09 1434.98 5907.42 2768.21 54.00 2232.73 170.86 440.76 240.18 16496.25 376.33 44000.00

2.32 863.55 18161.15 854.01 62.54 62.71 43.32 1066.81 792.94 4098.66 2681.29 96.67 1866.06 73.83 417.61 205.67 12322.12 134.42 30617.69

78.11 44.45 66.95 52.87 50.56 52.60 60.38 81.00 55.26 69.38 96.86 179.02 83.58 43.21 94.75 85.63 74.70 35.72 69.59

0.01 2.82 59.32 2.79 0.20 0.20 0.14 3.48 2.59 13.39 8.76 0.32 6.09 0.24 1.36 0.67 40.25 0.44 100.00

7.69 571.97 22671.79 1168.23 53.28 646.45 58.28 1412.00 780.69 1808.01 2152.91 50.00 1856.57 43.75 404.69 280.42 10715.28 109.70 33496.77

0.92 477.04 12582.75 405.60 22.09 182.43 17.19 925.52 415.55 956.72 1192.06 35.43 799.44 20.03 226.65 91.10 5289.81 63.73 17936.29

11.96 83.40 55.50 34.72 41.46 28.22 29.50 65.55 53.23 52.92 55.37 70.86 43.06 45.78 56.01 32.49 49.37 58.09 53.55

0.01 2.66 70.15 2.26 0.12 1.02 0.10 5.16 2.32 5.33 6.65 0.20 4.46 0.11 1.26 0.51 29.49 0.36 100.00

13.80 3858.45 69300.09 3515.70 269.01 852.61 165.58 3489.37 3047.53 12568.60 6385.70 119.00 5554.47 230.37 1064.18 770.60 38032.72 663.96 107996.77

6.87 2569.17 49684.25 1890.77 184.15 304.21 71.03 2656.27 1906.04 7835.90 5300.38 184.50 3925.23 119.35 862.83 530.45 25771.11 269.41 75724.77

49.78 66.59 71.69 53.78 68.45 35.68 42.90 76.12 62.54 62.35 83.00 155.04 70.67 51.81 81.08 68.84 67.76 40.58 70.12

0.01 3.39 65.61 2.50 0.24 0.40 0.09 3.51 2.52 10.35 7.00 0.24 5.18 0.16 1.14 0.70 34.03 0.36 100.00