GSM OVERVIEW

HANDOVER IN GSM
HANDOVER
NEED TO KNOW
WHAT IS HANDOVER
WHY HANDOVER
WHAT IS THE PROCEDURE
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT ALGORITHMS
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF
HANDOVER
WHAT IS HANDOVER
HANDOVER IS A PROCESS IN WHICH, THE
SERVICE TO THE SUBSCRIBER IS TRANSFERRED
FROM THE SERVING CELL TO ANOTHER CELL,
DURING THE ACTIJE MODE OF MS AND THE CALL
WILL CONTINUE,TILL THE MS DISCONNECTS THE
CALL.
WHY HANDOVER
IN ORDER TO
PROVIDE BETTER LINK QUALITY
TO THE SUBSCRIBERS.
MANAGE THE TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION AMONG
THE CELLS OF THE NETWORK.
Reasons For Handover
INTERFERENCE
RECEIVE SIGNAL QUALITY
RECEIVE SIGNAL LEVEL
POWER BUDJET
CONGESTION.
CONTINUED
THE #ECEIJING QUALITY DEPENDS ON
INTERFERENCE AND RECEIVE LEVEL
NOTE: SINCE RECEIVE QUALITY DEPENDS ON
THESE POINTS, TO KNOW THE CAUSE FOR
HANDOVER FROM THE AVALABLE REASONS
LIKE INTERFERENCE, RECEIVE QUALITY AND
RECEIVE LEVEL, A LOGICAL APPROACH IS
DEFINED AS GIVEN BELOW
CONTINUED
IF RECEIVE LEVEL IS GOOD AND THE RECEIVE
QUALITY IS BAD, THEN HAND OVER IS DUE TO
INTERFERENCE.
IF RECEIVE LEVEL IS BAD AND THE RECEIVE
QUALITY IS ALSO BAD, THEN HANDOVER IS DUE
TO RECEIVE QUALITY.
IF RECEIVE LEVEL IS BAD AND THE RECEIVE
QUALITY IS GOOD, THEN HANDOVER IS DUE TO
RECEIVE LEVEL.
HANDOVER RELATED OPERATIONS.
THE MS DURING THE HANDOVER PROCESS
SHOULD GET CONNECTED TO ONE OF THE BEST
NEIGHBORS, WHERE IT CAN GET BETTER
CONNECTION LINK QUALITY. FOR THIS REASON,
BSS SHOULD KNOW ABOUT ITS NEIGHBOUR`S
LINK QUALITY. THEREFORE THE MS IN
DEDICATED MODE DOES THE FOLLOWING.
CONTINUED
MS IN ACTIVE MODE WILL MEASURE THE SIGNAL
STRENGTH OF ITS NEIGHBORING CELLS AND ITS
OWN DOWNLINK QUALITY AND SENDS THE
MEASURING REPORTS TO ITS SERVER THROGH
UPLINK SACCH.THE BSS MEASURES THE UPLINK
PERRFORMANCE FOR THE MS BEING SERVED
AND ALSO ACCESSES THE SIGNAL STRENGTH OF
INTERFERENCE ON ITS IDLE TRAFFIC CHANNEL.
CONTINUED
THE OVERALL HANDOVER PROCESS IS
IMPLEMENTED IN THE MS,BSS AND MSC.
INITIAL ACCESSMENT OF THE MEASUREMENTS
IN CONJUNCTION WITH DEFINED THRESHHOLDS
AND HANDOVER STRATEGY MAY BE
PERFORMED IN THE BSS. ACCESSMENT
REQUIRING MEASUREMENT RESULTS FROM
OTHER BSS OR OTHER INFORMATION RESIDENT
IN THE MSC,MAY BE PERFORMED IN MSC.
CONTINUED
STEPS INVOLVED
MS END
THE MS ASSISTS THE HANDOVER DECISION
PROCESS BY PERFORMING CERTAIN
MEASUREMENTS.
WHEN THE MS IS ENGAGED IN ASPEECH
CONVERSTION, A PORTION OF THE TDMA FRAME
IS IDLE WHILE THE REST OF THE FRAME IS USED
FOR TRAFFIC.
CONTINUED
DURING THE IDLE TIME PERIOD OF THE FRAME,
THE MS CHANGES RADIO CHANNEL FREQUENCY
AND MONITORS AND MEASURES THE SIGNAL
LEVEL OF THE SIX BEST NEIGHBOR CELLS.
MEASUREMENTS WHICH FEED THE HANDOVER
DECISION ALGORITHM ARE MADE AT BOTH THE
ENDS OF THE RADIO LINK.
CONTINUED
AT THE MS END, MEASUREMENTS ARE
CONTINUOSLY SIGNALLED, VIA THE
ASSOSIATED CONTROL CHANNEL,TO THE BSS
WHERE THE DECISION FOR HANDOVER IS
ULTIMATELY MADE.
MS MEASUREMENTS INCLUDE:
- SERVING CELL DOWNLINK QUALITY (BIT
ERROR RATE (BER) ESTIMATE)
- SERVING CELL DOWNLINK RECEIVED
SIGNAL LEVEL, AND SIX BEST NEIGHBOR CELLS
DOWNLINK RECEIVED SIGNAL LEVEL.
CONTINUED
THE MS ALSO DECODES THE BASE STATION
IDENTITY CODE (BSIC)FROM THE SIX BEST
NEIGHBOR CELLS, AND REPORTS THE BSICS AND
THE MEASUREMENT INFORMATION TO THE BSS.
BTS END
THE BTS MEASURES THE UPLINK QUALITY,
RECEIVED SIGNAL LEVEL, AND MS TO BTS SITE
DISTANCE
THE MS RF TRNSMIT OUTPUT POWER BUDGET IS
ALSO CONSIDERED IN THE HANDOVER DECISION.
CONTINUED
IF THE MS CAN BE SERVED BY A NEIGHBOR CELL
AT A LOWER POWER, THE HANDOVER IS
RECOMMENDED.
FROM A SYSTEM PRESPECTIVE, HANDOVER MAY
BE CONSIDERED DUE TO LOADING OR
CONGESTION CONDITIONS. IN THIS CASE, THE
MSC OR BSC TRIES TO BALANCE CHANNEL
USAGE AMONG CELLS.
MS IN IDLE TIME
DURING THE CONVERSATION, THE MS ONLY
TRANMITS AND RECEIVES FOR ONE EIGHT OF
CONTINUED
THE TIME, THAT IS DURING ONE TIME SLOT IN
EACH FRAME.
DURING ITS IDLE TIME (THE REMAINING SEVEN
TIME SLOTS),THE MS SWITCHES TO THE BCCH OF
THE SURROUNDING CELLS AND MEASURES ITS
SIGNAL STRENGTH.
THE SIGNAL STRENGTH MEASUREMENTS OF THE
SURROUNDING CELLS, AND THE SIGNAL
STRENGTH AND QUALITY MEASUREMENTS OF
THE SERVING CELL, ARE REPORTED BACK TO
THE SERVING CELL VIA SACCH ONCE IN EVERY
CONTINUED
SACCH MULTIFRAME.
THIS INFORMATION IS EVALUATED BY THE BSS
FOR USE IN DECODING WHEN THE MS SHOULD
BE HANDED OVER TO ANOTHER TRAFFIC
CHANNEL.
THIS REPORTING IS THE BASIS FOR MS ASSISTED
HANDOVERS.
CONTINUED
MEASUREMENT IN ACTIVE MODE
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
D/W a c a
b b
U/W 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
CONTINUED
IN THE PREVIOUS SLIDE
'a IT SHOWS THAT MS RECEIVES AND
MEASURES SIGNAL STRENGTH ON SERVING CELL
(TIME SLOT 2)
'b - MS IS TRANSMITTING.
'C MS MEASURES SIGNAL STRENGTH FOR
ATLEAST ONE NEIGHBOR CELL.
NUMBER OF NEIGHBORS.
MAXIMUM 32 NEIGHBORS CAN BE EQUIPPED FOR
A CELL.
CONTINUED
IF HIGH NUMBER OF NEIGHBORS ARE EQUIPPED,
THEN THE ACCURACY OF RSS IS DECREASED AS
CAVERAGING OF RSS TAKES PLACE.
PRACTICALLY A CELL SHOLUD HAVE 8 TO 10
NEIGHBORS.
IN ONE SACCH MULTIFRAME THERE ARE 104
TDMA FRAMES.
OUT OF THIS 104 FRAMES 4 FRAMES ARE IDLE
AND ARE USED TO DECODE THE BSIC.
REMAINING 100 TDMA FRAMES ARE USED TO
MEASURE RSS OF THE NEIGHBOR.
CONTINUED
IF 25 NEIGHBORS ARE EQUIPPED, THEN IN ONE
SACCH MULTIFRAME EACH NEIGHBOR IS
MEASURED 100/254 TIMES AND AVERAGED OUT.
THIS PRODUCES A LESS ACCURATE VALUE.
IF 10 NEIGHBORS ARE EQUIPPED, THEN IN ONE
SACCH MULTIFRAME EACH NEIGHBOR IS
MEASURED 100/1010 TIMES AND AVERAGED
OUT. THIS PRODUCES A MORE ACCURATE
VALUE.
CONTINUED
INTERFERENCE ON IDLE CHANNEL.
GSM CAUSES ITS OWN TIME INTERFERENCE.
THE MS HAS A OMNI DIRECTIONAL ANTENNA,
MUCH OF THE MS POWER GOES TO THE SERVER
BUT A LOT IS INTERFERING WITH SURROUNDING
CELLS USING THE SAME CHANNEL.
THE TDMA FRAMES OF ADJACENT CELLARE NOT
ALIGNED SINCE THEY ARE NOT SYNCHRONIZED.
HENCE THE UPLINK IN THE SURROUNDING CELL
SUFFERS FROM INTERFERENCE.
CONTINUED
THE BSS KEEPS ON MEASURING THE
INTERFERENCE ON THE IDLE TIME SLOTS.
AMBIENT NOISE IS MEASURED AND RECORDED
104 TIMES IN ONE SACCH MULTIFRAME.
THESE MEASUREMENTS ARE AVERAGED OUT TO
PRODUCE ONE FIGURE.
THE BSS THEN DISTRIBUTES THE IDLE TIME
SLOTS INTO BAND 0 TO BAND 5.
SINCE THE BSS KNOWS THE INTRFERENCE LEVEL
ON IDLE TIME SLOTS,IT USES THIS DATA TO
ALLOCATE THE BEST CHANNEL FIRST AND THE
WORST LAST
CONTINUED
MEASUREMENT REPORTS ARE SENT TO THE BSS
ON THE DOWNLINK FOR EVERY 480ms.
SIMILARLY THE BSS MEASURES THE UPLINK
LEVEL AND QUALITY.
THESE REPORTS ARE AVERAGED OUT
ACCORDING TO SETTING OF FACTORS 'hreqave
AND 'hreqt.
EACH AVERAGED VALUE IS CALLED A 'N.
HANDOVER ALGORITHMS.
0
10
20
25
30
35
-
-
63
40
-110dBm
-100dBm
-90dBm
-85dBm
-80dBm
-75dBm
-70dBm
-47dbm
lrxlevdlp
urxlevdlp
CONTINUED
!OWER CONTROL BY BSS
POWER CONTROL BY BSS IS BASED ON THE
MEASUREMENTREPORT SENT BY THE MS
AVERAGING MECHANISM IS USED TO PRODUCE
N. THE NUMBER OF MEASUREMENT REPORTS TO
BE AVERAGED DEPENDS ON THE VALUES OF
'hreqave
N AND P VALUES AS WELL AS hreqave HAS TO BE
SET BY THE OPERATOR.
P OUT OF N AVERAGES MUST EXCEED
THRESHOLD.
CONTINUED
N1 AND P1 VALUES ARE USED FOR POWER
INCREASE AND N2 AND P2 VALUES FOR POWER
DECREASE.
A WINDOW HAS TO BE CREATED BY SETTING
THE UPPER LEVEL AND LOWER LEVEL
THRESHOLDS.
Example: CONSIDERING DIAGRAM I N PREVIOUS
PAGE
LOWER LEVEL THRESHOLD 25
UPPER LEVEL THRESHOLD 35
CONTINUED
POWER INCREASE N1 5
P1 2
In this case, only 2 (P12) values oI N1 are above the
threshold, so increase oI power by the BSS.
POWER DECREASE N2 4
P2 3
In this case, 3 (P23) values oI N2 are below the
threshold, so power is decreased by the BSS.
THIS PROCESS IS SHOWN DIAGRAMATICALLY IN
THE NEXT PAGE.
P1 2
CONTINUED

-110dBm
-85dBm
-75dBm
-60dBm
-47dBm
0
63
lrxlevdlp25
urxlevdlp35
P2
P1
CONTINUED
btsPConINTERVAL. :minimum interval between
changes in the RF power level. Range 0 30 steps, size
0.96secs.
PowIncrStepSize: range 2, 4, or 6 dB.
PowRedStepSize: range 2 or 4 dB.
BSTXPWRMAX: Maximum TXPWR used by the
BSS.
CONTINUED
!OWER CONTROL MS.
0
lrxlevulp 20
urxlevulp 30
63
-110dBm
-90dBm
-85dBm
-80dBm
-47dBm
Increase power
Decrease power
CONTINUED
POWER CONTROL BY MS IS BASED ON THE
MEASUREMENTS TAKEN BY THE BSS.
AVERAGING MECHANISM IS USED TO PRODUCE N.
THE NUMBER OF MEASUREMENT REPORTS TO BE
AVERAGED DEPENDS ON THE VALUES hreqave.
N1 and P1 AND N2 AND P2 VALUES THAT ARE USED
BY BSS FOR POWER CONTROL ARE ALSO
APPLICABLE TO THE MS.
P OUT OF N MUST EXCEED THE THRESHOLD.
A WINDOW HAS TO BE CREATED BY SETTING THE
UPPER AND LOWER LEVEL THRESHOLDS i,e
urxlevulp and lrxlevulp as shown in previous page.
CONTINUED

-110dBm
-85dBm
-75dBm
-60dBm
-47dBm
0
63
lrxlevdlp25
urxlevdlp35
P2
P1
CONTINUED
FROM LAST PAGE (DIAGRAM)
LOWER LEVEL THRESHOLD 20
UPPER LEVEL THRESHOLD 30
POWER INCREASE: N1 5
P1 3 In this case,3 values out oI
5 are above the threshold,so power is increased by the MS.
POWER DECREASE N2 4
P2 2 In this case,2 values out
oI 4 are below the threshold, so no power is decreased by
the MS.
CONTINUED
msPConINTERVAL : Minimum interval between
changes in the RF power level. Range 0 30 steps, size
0.96sec.
PowIncrStepSize : range 2, 4 or 6 dB.
PowRedStepsize : range 2 or 4 dB.
MSTXPWRMAX : maximum TXPWR a MS may use
in the serving cell.
CONTINUED
!OWER CONTROL - RXQUAL
THE MS AND BSS ALSO MEASURE THE
DOWNLINK AND UPLINK QUALITY RESPCTIVELY.
THE RXQUAL MEASUREMENTS ARE AVERAGED
AND COMPARED AGAINST UPPER AND LOWER
THRESHOLDS SET IN THE DATA BASE.
N AND P VOTING MECHANISM IS USED TO
DETERMINE IF POWER INCREASE OR DECREASE
IS REQUIRED OR NOT.
HANDOVER ON RXQUAL IS DONE ONLY IF THE
MS OR BSS IS AT FULL POWER.
CONTINUED
0
2
3
4
6
7
0.14
0.57
1.13
2.26
9.05
18.1
urxqualulp
urxqualdlp
lrxqualulp
lrxqualdlp
P3 out oI N3
Increase power
P4 out oI N4
decrease power
CONTINUED
HANDOVER - RXLEV
IF A MS IS MOVING OUT OF A CELLS COVERAGE
AREA THEN THE RXLEV AND RXQUAL
MEASUREMENTS WILL CAUSE THE BSS AND MS
TO INCREASE THEIR POWER OUTPUT.
THIS PROCESS CONTINUOS TILL THE MS
REACHES ITS MAXIMUM PERMITTED OUTPUT
POWER AND THEN HANDOVER IS REQUIRED.
N5 AND P5 VALUES ARE USED IN VOTING
MECHANISM FOR RXLEV HANDOVER.
P OUT OF N AVERAGES MUST EXCEED THE
THRESHOLD.
CONTINUED
DIAGRAM
0
10
20
30
40
63
-75dBm
lrxlevulh
lrxlevdlh
lrxlevulp
lrxlevdlp
urxlevulp
urxlevdlp
-100dBm
-90dBm
-85dBm
-80dBm
-110dBm
-70dBm
-47dBm
CONTINUED
HANDOVER - RXQUAL
IF AN MS IS MOVING OUT OF A CELLS COVERAGE
AREA THEN RXLEV AND RXQUAL
MEASUREMENTS WILL CAUSE THE BSS AND MS
TO INCREASE THEIR POWER OUTPUT.
THIS PROCESS CONTINUOS TILL THE MS
REACHES ITS MAXIMUM PERMITTED OUTPUT
POWER AND THEN HANDOVER IS REQUIRED.
N6 AND P6 VALUES ARE USED IN VOTING
MECHANISM FOR RXQUA; HANDOVER.
CONTINUED
P OUT OF N AVERAGES MUST EXCEED
THRESHOLD.
lrxqualulh, lrxqualdlh, ARE THE THRESHOLDS
SET IN THE DATABASE BY THE OPERATOR.
CONTINUED
DIAGRAM
lrxqualulh
lrxqualdlh
urxqualulp
urxqualdlp
lrxqualulp
lrxqualdlp
0
2
4
6
7
0.14
0.57
2.26
9.05
18.10
}
Adjust
power
2.26
CONTINUED
HANDOVER INTERFERENCE.
IF THE RXQUAL OF EITHER THE U/L OR D/L
REACHES THE THRESHOLD THAT WOULD
NORMALLY CAUSE A handover BUY THE RXLEV IS
AT A VALUE HIGHER THAN THE THRESHOLD
REQUIRING A POWER INCREASE THEN A handover
MAY BE INITIATED DUE TO INTERFERENCE.THIS
TYPE OF HANDOVER IS ALWAYS intracall
handover.
N7 AND P7 ARE SET FOR THE VOTING
MECHANISM.
CONTINUED
DIAGRAMS
0
10
20
30
40
63
lrxlevulih
lrxlevdlih
-100dBm
-90dBm
-110dBm
-70dBm
-47dBm
interIerence
CONTINUED
DIAGRAM
lrxqualulh
lrxqualdlh
urxqualulp
urxqualdlp
lrxqualulp
lrxqualdlp
0
2
4
6
7
0.14
0.57
2.26
9.05
18.10
}
Adjust
power
2.26
CONTINUED
HANDOVER DISTANCE.
AS THE MS MOVES AWAY FROM THE BSS, THE
BSS CALCULATES THE TIMING ADVANCE AND
INSTRUCTS THE MS TO TRANSMIT EARLIER TO
COMPENSATE FOR THE PROPAGATION DELAY.
THE MAXIMUM TIMING ADVANCE IS UPTO 63
BITS.
THE MSRANGEMAX FIELD CAN BE SET TO ANY
ONE OF THESE 63 VALUES THUS DTERMINING
THE CELL RADIUS.
CONTINUED
AS SOON AS THE MS EXCEEDS THE
MSRANGEMAX, A HANDOVER RECOGNISED
MESSAGE IS GENERATED.
THE INTERVAL BETWEEN TIMING ADVANCE
CHANGES IS DETERMINED BY THE
timingadvanceperiod FIELD. IT HAS A RANGE OF
0- 31, EACH STEP BEING A SACCH MULTIFRAME.
N8 AND P8 ARE USED IN THE VOTING
MECHANISM.
CONTINUED
POWER BUDGET.
THIS ASSESMENT PROCESS IS EMPLOYED BY THE
NETWORK AS A CRITERION IN THE HANDOVER
PROCESS, BY SETTING A FLAG IN THE BBSS BY
O&M COMMAND.
IF THE PROCESS IS EMPLOYED, EVERY 480ms ,
FOR EVRY CONNECTION AND FOR EACH OF
ALLOWABLE 16 ADJACENT CELLS, THE BSS
EVALUATES THE FOLLOWING EXPRESSION:
PBGT(n) (Min(MSTXPWRMAX,P) RXLEVDL PWRCD)
- (Min(MSTXPWRMAX(n),P) RXLEVNCELL(n))
CONTINUED
Where the values oI RXLEVNCELL(n) and RXLEVDL
are obtained with the averaging processes deIined above.
PWRCD is the diIIerence the MAX D/L RF power
permitted in the cell and the actual D/L power due to the
BS power control.
MSTXPWRMAX is maximum RF TXPWR an MS is
permitted to use on a traIIic channel in the serving cell.
MSTXPWRMAX(n) is the maximum RF TXPWR an MS
is permitted to use on a traIIic channel in adjacent cell n.
P is the maximum TXPWR capability oI the MS.
HANDOVER PROCEDURE.
THE NETWORK INITIATES THE HANDOVER
PROCEDURE BY SENDING AN 'HANDOVER
COMMAND MESSAGE TO THE MOBILE STATION
ON THE MAIN DCCH.
THE NETWORK THEN STARTS THE TIMER T3103.
T3103 GUARDS AGAINST THE RECEIPT OF EITHER
THE UNSUCCESSFUL MESSAGE FROM THE
SOURCE CELL OR SUCCESSFUL MESSAGE FROM
THE TARGET CELL. THE RECEIPT OF EITHER
MESSAGE STOPS THIS TIMER.
IF THIS TIMER EXPIRES THEN A CLEAR REQUEST
WILL BE SENT TO THE MSC IN A BID TO CLEAR
THE CONNECTION.
CONTINUED
THE HANDOVER COMMAND CONTAINS ALL THE
DATA RELATED TO THE TARGET CELL LIKE
BCCH ARFCN,NCC, BCC TIMESLOT
NUMBER,TRAINING SEQUENCE CODE,POWER
LEVEL TO BE USED, HANDOVER REFERENCE
NUMBER ETC.
THE MS SENDS HANDOVER ACCESS BURST WITH
THE SAME REFERENCE NUMBER AND STARTS
TIMER T3124.
CONTINUED
WHEN A NETWORK SENDS THE PHYSICAL
INFORMATION MESSAGE TIMER T3105 IS
STARTED BY THE NETWORK.
THE MS SENDS THE HANDOVER ACCESS BURSTS
AND WAITS FOR A PHYSICAL INFORMATION
FROM THE NETWORK
CONTINUED
IF T3105 EXPIRES BEFORE THE THE CORRECT
RESPONSE FROM THE MS HAS BEEN RECEIVED,
T3105 IS RESET AND THE PHYSICAL
INFORMATION MESSAGE IS REPEATED.
THIS PROCESS IS REPEATED A NUMBER OF TIMES
UNTIL EITHER THE MS CORRECTLY RESPONDS
OR THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF
REPITITIONS(NY1) IS REACHED.
CONTINUED
IF THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF REPETITIONS IS
REACHED THE NEWLY ALLOCATED CHANNELS
ARE RELEASE AND THE HANDOVER ABANDONED
ON THE MS SIDE IF THE TIMER T3124 EXPIRES,
THEN THE MS DEACTIVATES THE NEW CHANNEL,
REACTIVATES THE OLD CHANNEL AND IF IT IS
SUCCESSFUL SENDS A HANDOVER FAILURE
MESSAGE ON THE OLD CHANNEL AND THE CALL
CONTINUES.
CONTINUED
THE VALUE OF T3124 IS SET TO 320MS. (IT MUST
BE LOWER THAN NY1 TIMES T3105 FOR PROPER
FUNCTIONS.)
THE TIMER T3103 CAN BE SET FROM 20 60 MS.
IF THE TIMER T3103 EXPIRES BEFORE EITHER THE
HAND-OVER COMPLETE MESSAGE IS RECEIVED
ON THE NEW CHANNELS, OR A HAND-OVER
FAILURE MESSAGE IS RECEIVED ON THE OLD
CHANNELS, OR THE MS HAS REESTABLISHED
THE CALL, THE OLD CHANNEL IS RELEASED.
CONTINUED
HANDOVER COMMAND
SENT BY THE SOURCE CELL TO THE MS.
CELL DESCRIPTION.
NCC
BCC
BCCH ARFCN
CHANNEL DESCRIPTION
CHANNEL TYPE TCH/F ACCH, TIME SLOT
NUMBER, TSC
HOPPING CHANNEL SINGLE RF CHANNEL,
ARFCN.
CONTINUED
HANDOVER REFERENCE NUMBER.
POWER LEVEL.
HANDOVER ACCESS
SENT BY THE MS TO THE TARGET CELL ON
FACCH.
HANDOVER REFERENCE NUMBER.
PHYSICAL INFORMATION.
SENT BY THE TARGET CELL TO THE MS.
TIMING ADVANCE VALUE.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF HANDOVER
INTRA CELL HANDOVER
INTERCELL HANDOVER
INTRA BSC HANDOVER
INTER BSC HANDOVER
INTER MSC HANDOVER