Professional Documents
Culture Documents
COORDINATING ACTION
FP7-ICT-2009-5
Dissemination
1 INTRODUCTION
In doing so, and in covering the whole FI research and innovation value chain
driven by smart cities being the users of the FI, FIREBALL aims to establish
effective forms of cooperation across the FI innovation value chain, creating
synergies and cooperation practices among different research and innovation
communities related to the FI.
1
http://www.slideshare.net/openlivinglabs/mcam-eurocities-25-january-2012-final, referred on
23.4.2012
The decision for the remaining two showcases will be based common assets
available and learning from Helsinki and Barcelona showcases. Review comments
will be taken in account in planning of coming showcases.
1.2 OVERVIEW
2 CREATING A STORYLINE
Look at the storyline you want to create, based on the type of assets you want
to be involved. Establish a basic plan, and begin to flesh it out by adding what
you know has to be accomplished based on showcase objectives.
Decide the topic of the showcase based on assets available or given thematic
landscape.
- Success cases, Technologies/Platforms, Policies, Business models, Urban
planning, infrastructures, eHealth, Wellbeing, Smart energy, education
etc.
-‐ Services
-‐ Organizations
-‐ People
-‐ Future
-‐
Having reached a common base about the objectives and vision of the showcase,
the following step is to establish a first draft of the timeline of the storyline, in
order to have the necessary inputs to prepare and deploy the logistics needed.
2.3 STORYBOARD
Objective: present Amsterdam’s and Lisbon’s context for dealing with smart
energy, as similar cities, with similar challenges, common guidelines and
complementary projects in the energy efficiency area through the use of ICT and
the widening of the smart city concept.
*Images and estimated time are only for guidance in order to identify the main
topics.
1
-‐
Presentation
Time
Content
Images
/graphic
design
Introduction Fireball
Showcases for SMART Cities Generic images of Amsterdam and Lisbon
Innovation nowadays (images from pre existent
The
talking
head
is
still
to
be
Lisbon’s and Amsterdam’s joint municipal videos)
1,5
min
decided
goal to have a smart energy city Similar projects among Amsterdam and
– the common bases (Covenant Lisbon, the Apollon project, etc
of Mayors initiative and the
goals)
2.4 SCRIPT
A film script with the objective to clearly present the different themes and
important aspects of the video was written to be narrated during the showcase.
Dialogue
-‐ The speech
-‐ The name of the speaker
Here is shown one example of Helsinki storyline sketch. Sketch shows one phase
of storyline development.
Showcase Team
Showcase
Objectives
and
key
features
Services
and
Interviews
Planning
Story Boards
Script Writing
Logistics
and
Schedule
Showcase
Production
The Helsinki showcase description has been created in the format of storyline
and has been visualized in the WP4 into the DVD format. Video is available in
FIREBALL web page http://vimeo.com/16425674.
The public policy of developing Finland’s other regions has diverted too much
attention away from the Helsinki Region in recent years. Revenue transfers and
the continuing debate on relocating various public functions away from the
Finnish capital indicate that the Helsinki Metropolitan Area has not been the
focus of national policymaking.
Radical new partnerships, not least between the Helsinki Metropolitan Area and
the State, will be needed to restore the leading national and international status
of the Helsinki Region. National innovation policy must acknowledge the principle
that the future competitiveness of Finland can be based only on pre-eminence,
specialisation and reinforcement of strengths. As the leading national expertise
cluster, the Helsinki Region remains the strategic core of Finland’s international
competitiveness
By combining the powerful expertise clusters of the Region, these world class
development platforms may also increase the appeal of the Helsinki Metropolitan
Area to foreign investors.
The Helsinki Metropolitan Area must build its future competitive edge not only on
its own areas of expertise, but also on the strengths of Finland as a whole. The
Helsinki Region has both a unique opportunity and a national duty to evolve into
an international attractive innovation environment that will ensure that the
entire expertise portfolio of Finland is displayed and marketed.
Action proposal for Living Labs: A national Living Lab Finland
The cities should convene a high level enterprise-led steering group to direct the
further evolution of existing development platforms and collaboration between
them, to supervise implementation of projects at the planning stage, and to
design entirely new platforms for the Helsinki Region.
The development platform is still a fairly new and therefore little known
operating format. Open and interactive follow-up work will be needed to confirm
the common objectives, functions and evolutionary requirements of development
platforms both in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area and nationally. Mutual synergy
and interaction between various areas of expertise and development platforms
must also be enhanced by combining projects into dynamic packages using the
structures that have arisen in the work of centres of expertise.
National funding of research and innovation must allow for the evolutionary
needs and prospects of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area as a nationally and
internationally important development platform environment.
The conventional format for project financing will be unsuitable when
establishing and maintaining development platforms in practice.
Some living labs or pilot communities are already operating in the Helsinki
Region, and their status as future environments or “real life laboratories” for
research, development and learning has yet to be confirmed.
Future living labs in the Helsinki Region include the Suurpelto initiative in Espoo,
the Kolmiosairaala hospital project in the Meilahti district of Helsinki, and the
Well Life Center in Espoo co-ordinated by Laurea University of Applied Sciences,
which forms a living lab in combination with the senior citizens’ centre in the
Kustaankartano district of Helsinki. The cluster project for digital content and
services in Pasila also includes a living lab.
Helsinki Energy
Framework programme 7 Coordinating Action FIREBALL
Challenge 1 Page: 10 (52) FP7-ICT-2009-5
www.fireball4smartcities.eu
STORYLINES OF SHOWCASES
STATUS:FINAL. VERSION:1.0, SAVED: 07 MAY 2012
Interview:
Juha Sipilä, Project Manager for Eco-Efficient Computer Hall as well as
Kalasatama Smart grids-projects, Helsinki Energy
Arabianranta
Arabianranta district is a home for 10,000 people, a workplace for 5,000 and a
campus for 6,000 students and know-how professionals and a hub for creative
industries Arabianranta is a home to 300 enterprises and 4,000 employees.
Common features for this district are innovation, courage and communal spirit.
Arabianranta district has formed a “laboratory” for housing and since the year
2007 there has been made testing for services and products called Helsinki
Living Lab together with the residents. Besides the local information network,
one of the most important services for the residents is the housing association’s
own web site, which is being updated by a named moderator from each
association. Arabianranta’s virtual village, Helsinki Virtual Village, was founded
already in the beginning of 21st century and has functioned as the number one
brand for this web site ever since.
Loppukiri 2.0
Loppukiri is a new kind of housing arrangement for aging citizens based on
neighborly and self-help developed by the Active Seniors Association. The
Loppukiri community consists of the residents of the building organized in
working groups that take care of different activities: a week’s working shift
comes for each group of approximately ten persons about once in six weeks. The
community is a true living lab environment where ideas are developed,
implemented and tested collaboratively.
For example, working in collaboration with the architects and construction
company, residents played an important part in designing their own flats and
common areas with solutions appropriate for their needs. The aim of the
community is to share their experiences and encourage and help others to build
on similar projects.
Loppukiri 2.0 – as lead user community on co-design by elderly for better and
more sustainable living. ADC Services company idea with house moderators…
Interview
Kari Halinen, CEO of Art and Design City Helsinki Oy,
Venue: Arabianranta district, ADC, Loppukiri house, Arabiankatu 19, 00560
Helsinki
Active Life Village is a unique centre of welfare competence with the goal of
promoting the creation and commercialisation of competitive innovations
together with users. The non-profit-making Active Life Village Oy functions as a
catalyst for welfare service innovations, and provides companies with an
inspirational environment, development activities and business support.
Innohub,
Innohub, the Espoo, Finland – Royal Philips Electronics and VTT owned an
InnoHub in the city of Espoo, close to Helsinki. Aim to generate innovative ideas
and translate these into profitable businesses. Focus areas for the InnoHub are
health, life-style and well-being. The centre is a melting pot of people from
different backgrounds and experiences, who work closely together in an inspiring
and real-life setting that includes a hospital room, a nurse’s station as well as a
home environment.
Interviews:
Lauri Repokari & Rob Kommeren (on Active Life Village, Innohub),
Screeshots: Aalto University “Campus”.
Stadi.TV marks the beginning of a new content production model wherein city
residents and professionals can collaborate on programmes together. Stadi.TV -
a New Media Channel for the City project aims to produce a multichannel
audiovisual service that will share memorable stories about different places in
Helsinki. The service is available through the internet, mobile telephones and
Welho cable television. The objective of the project is to find a functional
equilibrium between media content produced by professionals, semi-
professionals and amateurs. Training is an important aspect of this project.
Additional research topics include the copyrights of user-generated programme
content, participatory media and interactivity. The project starts in 2010 and is
planned to continue for three years.
City Loyalty Card (combining transport services with other services in the city),
one of Helsinki Smart City-projects at Forum Virium Helsinki.
Interviews:
Pekka Koponen, Development Director, Forum Virium Helsinki
Jarmo Eskelinen, CEO Forum Virium Helsinki
jarmo.eskelinen@forumvirium.fi, pekka.koponen@forumvirium.fi
Interview:
Ville Lehmuskoski, Planning Director at HSL. Interview to take place in front of
the "culture tram" (“Kulttuuriratikka”) built for the Helsinki Design Capital 2012
(in traffic in October 2010).
Interview:
Simo Makkonen, CEO Process Vision
The city of Helsinki owns about 1200 public buildings including 200 schools, 350
kindergardens, 7 hospitals, office buildings and libraries. For several decades the
city of Helsinki has done a great effort to save energy and to achieve better
energy efficiency in the buildings. The Helsinki pilot for the SAVE ENERGY project
consists of two schools, owned by the municipality, which represent different
levels of required activities and investments.
Interviews:
Asko Kippo, Metropolia telling the overall story and interviews of few students
and either a cook or a science teacher. References to 4 other cities, serious
games and first meetings at Lisbon schools, also Helsinki plan to scale-up
developments to other schools.
Interviews:
CEO of Technopolis Will Caldwell or Mikko Punakivi
Mikko Punakivi D. Tech., Programme Director, Centre of Expertise for Logistics
The high quality of Finnish education has been duly noted around the word. Now
the Future Learning Finland project led by Finpro is making the famous Finnish
educational competence widely available on international markets.
The Center for Knowledge and Innovation Research (CKIR) of Aalto School of
Economics organizes the workshop on INNOVATING FOR TRANSFORMATION in
collaboration with the Finnish Innovation Fund (Sitra) and the Finnish Ministry of
Employment and the Economy (TEM). The workshop engages thoughtful
practitioners and leading scholars into a discussion on the phenomenon: Renewal
through Collective Entrepreneurial Action in the context of innovation networks,
companies, public sector, public-private partnerships and academia. The
conference provides an opportunity to elaborate the benefits of open, demand
and user-driven innovation paradigm for the value creation in the arenas and
forums of human life.
This storyline aims at reflecting the work done in the city of Barcelona to become
a Smart City, including its own conceptualisation and followed by several city
examples. These examples have served for the creation of a video showcase,
visualised in the WP4 of this project.
The conceptualisation of the Smart City is on the crest of the wave regarding
innovation in cities. The Smart City concept has been lately introduced in cities
as a strategic tool to encompass modern urban production factors in a common
framework and, specifically, to highlight the importance of ICTs to foster the
competitive profile of a city.
But, what is a Smart City? The label of the Smart City is still a blurry concept.
Some definitions have appeared in the past. Just to mention some, in 2000 the
paper “The Vision of a Smart City”1 expounded that the vision of “smart cities” is
the urban centre of the future, made safe, secure environmentally green, and
efficient because all structures – whether for power, water, transportation, etc. –
are designed, constructed and maintained making use of advanced, integrated
materials, sensors, electronics, and networks which are interfaced with
computerized systems comprised of databases, tracking, and decision-making
algorithms.
More recently, the working paper “Smart Cities in Europe”2 offers another
approximation to the idea explaining that any city can be defined as “smart”
when investments in human and social capital and traditional (transport) and
modern (ICT) communication infrastructure fuel sustainable economic growth
and a high quality of life, with a wise management of natural resources, through
participatory governance.
In the city of Barcelona, we believe that a Smart City could be defined as a high-
tech intensive and advanced city that connects people, information and city
elements using new technologies in order to obtain the following benefits:
- Increase quality of life
- Having more competitive and innovative business
- Make management and maintenance easier and cheaper
- Having a more sustainable greener city
1
“The Vision of a Smart City”, Robert E. Hall (Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA), 2nd International Life
Extension Technology Workshop, Paris, 28th September 2000
2
"Smart cities in Europe", Andrea Caragliu (Politecnico di Milano), Chiara del Bo (Università degli Studi di
Milano) and Peter Nijkamp (VU University), Research Memorandum 2009-48
The main outputs of the Smart City model in Barcelona are Smart Services.
Services of different nature and for different purposes that will include municipal
advanced public services targeted to citizens and business, services for citizens
made by citizens and business, and new city management tools. These services
should serve as a boost for cooperation between the Council, civil stratum and
the professional arena.
- Ubiquitous infrastructures
- Information
- Human Capital
Ubiquitous infrastructures
The city needs to be equipped with advanced infrastructures to evolve the Smart
City concept from pure theory to reality, providing citizens and enterprises with a
powerful platform to connect city elements and let them interact effortlessly with
each other and with their administration through electronic means. Stable sturdy
infrastructures, from optical fibre networks covering the city acting as a
backbone to the installation of sensors, are the key for the development of
intelligent solutions in cities.
Information
Actors actively participating in the daily activity of the city are the ones that
really could make a city smarter. The implementation of the Smart City is not
only a concern of public administration but also it should involve population,
innovation centres, companies and entrepreneurs.
Framework programme 7 Coordinating Action FIREBALL
Challenge 1 Page: 19 (52) FP7-ICT-2009-5
www.fireball4smartcities.eu
STORYLINES OF SHOWCASES
STATUS:FINAL. VERSION:1.0, SAVED: 07 MAY 2012
To sum up, a Smart City should be able to “activate” smart ideas generation
itself in an open environment, may it be through, for instance, fostering clusters
or developing proper living labs directly involving citizens in the co-creation
process of products or services.
Smart Services. Cases from the Barcelona Smart City video showcase
As stated before, the main output of the Smart City model in Barcelona are
Smart Services for the citizenship and smart tools to better manage the city.
Those advanced services can be grouped according to its target and producer:
SMART GOVERNANCE
Interviewees:
- Emili Rubió, Director of Attention to the Citizen, Barcelona City
Council.
- Ignasi Lamarca, Director, Focus on Emotions
Interviewee:
- Juan José López, IT-PMO, Barcelona City Council
The project of public datum opening of the Barcelona City Council consists
in making available, for everybody, the information that the council
possesses in digital formats, standardized and open following a clear
structure that allows its understanding, facilitating, at the same time, the
access to these informative resources in order to foster their reuse. They
are resources of information that the society has the right to use, whether
to brief themselves or for creating new services, increasing the social
value and perhaps, also the commercial value. Five types of data will be
offered: territory, population, management and procedure indicators,
urban environment and documental datum.
The project will be implanted in two phases, during 2011 the service will
start off with the creation of the Open Data portal that will be disposable
with the first services the next month of February. Afterwards it will be
consolidated and it will broaden. From 2012 the phase of enlargement
and consolidation of the services will start with more informative
resources and the progressive study of new resources to be opened.
Interviewees:
- Lluís Sanz, Cartography and Corporate Information Director,
Barcelona City Council
- David Comas, Nexus Geografics
This new project was born from the necessity of evolving the current GIS
systems betting for the introduction of a third dimension to the
bidimensional cartography with a two-fold objective: to unify the
territorial information structuring it spatially and to improve the
understanding of the city through ultimate visual tools.
Interviewees:
- Lluís Sanz, Cartography and Corporate Information Director,
Barcelona City Council
- Vicente López, Vicepresident, Barcelona Media Innovation Center
INFRASTRUCTURES
When the 22@ Barcelona plan was approved, the infrastructure network
in the Poblenou industrial area was clearly insufficient. For this reason, a
new Special Infrastructure Plan was created in order to allow urban
improvements on 37 kilometers of streets in the 22@Barcelona district
with highly competitive utility infrastructures.
1
http://www.22barcelona.com/
The new Infrastructure Plan calls for an investment of more than 180
million euros and allows for the implementation of a modern network of
energy, telecommunications, district heating and pneumatic refuse and
waste collection systems. The design of these new networks gives priority
to energy efficiency and responsible management of natural resources.
The Special Infrastructure Plan is run by the 22@Barcelona municipal
company, which coordinates the different utility companies participating
in the process.
Interviewees:
- Ramon Sagarra, Infrastructures Manager, 22@ Barcelona,
Barcelona City Council
- David Serrano, Managing Director, Districlima SA
The municipal WiFi mesh network adds capillarity to the municipal fibre
optical network by providing wireless connection to those municipal
services and employees working at street level. Nowadays, it has 479
nodes that support 20 services, among others: police PDAs, parking
meters, traffic light control or surveillance cameras. This WiFi mesh
network is until now covering 30% of the city.
Sensors network
The company Abertis Telecom has collaborated with the Council in the
definition and implementation of the network and talk about their
experience in the video.
Interviewees:
- Mariano Lamarca, Network Manager, Barcelona City Council
- Raül Gonzàlez, Strategic Marketing Manager, Abertis Telecom
The Barcelona WiFi Service is provided with the aim of encouraging city
access to the Internet and helping the public incorporate technology into
their daily lives.
The company BT Global Services has collaborated with the Council in the
definition and implementation of the service and talk about their
experience in the video.
Interviewees:
- Francisco Rodríguez, Telecommunications Director, Barcelona City
Council
- Eduard Laffitte, Mediterranean Area Director, BT Global Services
SMART LIVING
The Guàrdia Urbana city police agents, who carry out their activities in
the street, do an important job for citizens. Furthermore, their activities
have a direct impact in the Council internal systems. This is the reason
why optimizing their street jobs allows to speed up the Council’s internal
processes. It also reduces management time and offers the possibility to
provide a better service to citizens. Two related projects are presented in
the video.
1
http://www.bcn.cat/barcelonawifi/
Thus, the PDAs provide more security to the street-level actuations of the
police force and open a portal to communicate with other information
systems, such as the Department of Motor Vehicles or other security
forces like the Fire Brigade.
The benefits of this new tool are: time and resources saving,
computerization of the tasks assignation and consult and management of
incidents directly from the equipment on the street. With this new
system, patrols are now transformed into mobile work stations.
Interviewees:
- Juan José Vilanova, Intendent Major, Guàrdia Urbana de
Barcelona
- Xavier García, Caporal, Guàrdia Urbana de Barcelona
Interviewees:
- Román Llagostera, Water Cycle Services Director, Barcelona City
Council
SMART ECONOMY
Framework programme 7 Coordinating Action FIREBALL
Challenge 1 Page: 25 (52) FP7-ICT-2009-5
www.fireball4smartcities.eu
STORYLINES OF SHOWCASES
STATUS:FINAL. VERSION:1.0, SAVED: 07 MAY 2012
Interviewee:
- Josep Maria Vilà, 22@Network President
Barcelona Activa
1
http://www.22network.net/
2
http://www.barcelonactiva.cat/
Interviewees:
- Yolanda Pérez, Barcelona Nord Technology Park, Barcelona City
Council
- Guido Gómez, Joint Director, Deneb SA
Urban Lab
Since the start of the 22@Urban Lab project in 2008, more than 20
innovative initiatives have been run in the 22@Barcelona district in
various fields. The following is a brief description of the pilots appearing in
the video:
Interviewee:
- Josep Miquel Piqué, CEO 22@Barcelona & Strategic Sectors
Director, Barcelona City Council
1
http://www.22barcelona.com/content/view/698/897/lang,en/
2
http://www.pemb.cat/
The PEMB was created to identify and promote support strategies for the
economic and social development of the MAB. As a result, the
association's main tasks involve analysing and identifying potential in
traditional and emerging activities, and anticipating problems and
providing their solutions ahead of time.
Given the diversity of the institutions and administrations that make it up,
the PEMB is a neutral body that serves as a forum for the comparison and
contrast of information, the debate of criteria and the study of
alternatives, until agreements are reached regarding the different policies
to be promoted.
Interviewee:
- Francesc Santacana, General Coordinator, Strategic Metropolitan
Plan of Barcelona
SMART PEOPLE
Cibernàrium
The Cibernàrium1, whose main offices are placed in the MediaTic building
at the heart of the 22@ innovation district, is one of the most popular
municipal training centres in Barcelona. Its main offices offer more than
1200 m2 of innovative facilities. Other training points are also located in
Barcelona Nord Technology Park and throughout the network of public
libraries.
Interviewee:
- Jordi Roca, Cibernàrium Director, Barcelona City Council
Citilab Cornellà
This project started with the idea that digital technologies, specifically
Internet, are a way of innovation much more focused on citizens. Their
methods of work are basically design thinking and user-centered creation.
In Citilab, the Internet is considered a way to innovate more
collaboratively integrating the citizen in the core process.
Interviewees:
- Artur Serra, Research and Innovation Director, Citilab Cornellà
- Francisco Javier Iglesias, i2cat Foundation Researcher, Musiclab
Citilab Cornellà
- Raymond Rothwell, Seniorlab Teacher, Citilab Cornellà
SMART MOBILITY
Interviewee:
- Jordi Guitart, TMB (Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona)
With this intention some tools have been developed to bring over the
citizens the information about mobility. That’s the case of some
applications for smartphones as ibicing, TMB virtual and Transit.
1
http://www.citilab.eu/
2
http://www.tmb.cat/
Ibicing provides information about the bicing service, which is the public
bicycle system of Barcelona. This application has a menu that allows you
to consult the availability of all stations from your current location
(number bicycles available and the free parquing spots). You also can
create a list of your favorite stations, and visualize them in a map with an
interactive navigation, and with links to information of interest.
Transit is a new application that allows the user to consult the state of
traffic in real time and see the live images of traffic cameras. There is a
map in colors indicating the level of service of the main streets of the city
(this is if they are congested or not), another map with the cameras
location and a service of alerts that informs of all kind of incidents that
may affect the traffic, as accidents or works on the street.
Interviewee:
- Beatriz Huarte, Mobility Department Engineer, Barcelona City
Council
Thanks to the LIVE initiative, the Barcelona City Council has started the
installation of up to 119 charging points all around the city in cooperation
with the company MobecPoint.
Interviewees:
- Lluís Gómez, Strategic Sectors Director, Barcelona City Council
1
http://www.livebarcelona.cat/
The percentage of people living in a city will continue to grow. Currently almost
50% of the world’s population are living in cities and in the western world this
percentage has already reached 80%3. There is a strong correlation between
higher standards of living and the percentage of people living in a city. Cities
have always been the place where innovation has happened: in the field of
Health Care, Education, Leisure and even in the field of Religion. A recent book
named Triumph of the City written by Edward L. Glaeser gives a whole list of
reasons why this will was and will be the case4.
Since most of the people live in a city and most economic activity can be found
there as well, the city and its inhabitants has a big role to solve social
challenges. Cities are in that perspective the solution for healthcare issues, the
aging society in the west or the rapidly growing one in the third world, the need
for economic growth to support a growing world population, and the need for
more knowledge.
1
http://www.esade.edu/
2
http://www.upf.edu/
3
Data from The Guardian,
https://spreadsheets.google.com/ccc?key=tY7GTuivONTNuoceJKe-qTg#
4
Triumph of the City: How Our Greatest Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier,
Edward L. Glaeser , 2011
It is not easy to give a proper definition of a Smart City, but the one given by
Nijkamp c.s. in 2009 has most components in it:
“We believe a city to be smart when investments in human and social capital and
traditional (transport) and modern (ICT) communication infrastructure fuel
sustainable economic growth and a high quality of life, with a wise management
of natural resources, through participatory governance.”1
It seems to be missing the user centric part we pointed out earlier. In the end it
is all about people, so the following definition is proposed:
“We believe a city to be smart when citizens and visitors have the opportunity to
make smarter choices. Investments in human and social capital and traditional
(transport) and modern (ICT) communication infrastructure thereby fuel
sustainable economic growth and a high quality of life, with a wise management
of natural resources, through participatory governance.”
Cities face new challenges. The traditional work forms and organizations are no
longer the most effective, its’ essential to join efforts and resources to take the
most out of the existing data and information systems as we are entering the era
of social inclusion through social and digital innovation.
Within these challenges, both Amsterdam’s and Lisbon’s smart city concepts
assume the same fundamental pillars:
-‐ People;
-‐ Infra-‐structure,
and
-‐ Information
and
Intelligence.
Being both the Capitals’ of relatively small countries, Lisbon with 550.000
inhabitants and Amsterdam with 740.000 inhabitants, both city’s deal with a
fluctuating population of 2 million people and increasing social and economic
needs.
a. People
The most important part of the city is the people that live in a city.
1
, Smart Cities in Europe, Andrea Caragliu, Chiara Del Bo, Peter Nijkamp, 2009
b. Infrastructure
Cities
have
a
tremendous
infrastructure
of
roads,
buildings,
sewer
systems
and
more.
This
is
the
static
part
of
the
city:
bricks
and
asphalt.
Energy
and
Connectivity
are
the
more
dynamic
part
of
a
city,
providing
the
infrastructure
for
products
such
as
lightning,
vehicles,
cell
phones
and
everything
else
that
moves.
The
development
of
new
advanced
infrastructures
enables
us
to
generate
and
use
information
in
a
very
intensive
way.
The
combination
of
smart
energy-‐networks
with
broadband
connectivity,
mobile
and
fibre,
is
an
excellent
starting
point
for
innovation.
c. Information
and
intelligence
In 2008 we have reached the point when the quantity of digital information
produced surpassed the storing capacity. Nevertheless, the amount of data
created grows every day. This gives us more insight in all types of activities.
Where supercomputing was used for Mathematics, Physics and Life Sciences
nowadays human behaviour is part of this as well.
Complex sets of data can be used to make things more efficient: e.g. by
compressing data, or based on analysis from data-streams. A very tangible
example of the use of complex dynamic data is dynamic traffic management,
where car drivers get real-time information on the best routes according to infra-
structures, circulation, etc. The handling and analysis of data is thereby a third
key element in Smart Cities.
Recent years have brought into the political realm the question of sustainable
development. How humans activities are responsible for world’s climate
evolution (revolution) and how new strategies have to be designed and put into
action to attenuate and reach new balance between economy and ecology.
This is the main core of the Covenant of Mayors initiative, a challenge that both
cities have embraced in 2009, aiming to contribute and reach the common goal
to meet and exceed the European Union 20% CO2 reduction objective by 2020 at
the local level.
This common goal is the motor for the local definition of strategies and setting of
targets.
Lisbon set the Local Energy and Environmental Strategy, a document that
establishes targets for energy efficiency and energy consumption reduction, by
2013 (baseline 2002), in a robust attempt to set goals to be reached by the
same local government that set them. The main targets are to:
-‐ Reduce
the
city’s
primary
energy
consumption
by
8.9%;
-‐ Reduce
the
city’s
water
consumption
by
7,8%;
-‐ Increase
water
reuse
for
non-‐potable
uses
up
to
3.1
m3/hab.year
-‐ Reduce
the
consumption
of
materials/goods
by
10%
-‐ Increase
in
the
percentage
of
selective
material
recycling
by
29%
These strong commitments in the energy field are further enhanced by the clear
need to evolve to a more dynamic energy supply/demand system, a process
where both cities are putting much effort towards the transition into smart
energy grids.
The City of Amsterdam and the grid operator Alliander together recognized these
challenges and opportunities and initiated a program to have substantial impact
on the energy transition need. The program focuses on four areas (sustainable
living, working, mobility and public space), corresponding with the largest CO2
sources (which can be customized for other cities), all enabled by intelligent
technologies like smart meter or smart grid technology.
In Lisbon, the national grid operator EDP is developing R&D projects focused on
smart grids operationalization, much on the grid bio directionality, adequacy to
renewables and their increasing role in the total energy production system and
the system’s integration with the electrical vehicle charging platform.
The integration of the electrical vehicle into the city’s mobility system is another
challenge both cities are facing, focusing efforts on the deployment of an electric
vehicles charging network and supporting platform that interacts with users and
allows the grid maximum exploitation potential. In Lisbon the electrical mobility
project is based on the MOBI.E network. This platform is available all over
Portugal, is accessible to all users, and will allow an optimal exploitation of the
electric grid, as in a near future it will allow grid managers to control the electric
vehicles charging process, transferring consumption from peak to low demand
periods. The platform is open to any electricity provider and the payment is
based in the common public transportation card, Lisboa Viva. Besides the
innovative payment system, MOBI.E allows users, among other services, to
know the location of each charging point, its status in terms of occupancy, select
charging locations and define plan routes according to this network.
In Amsterdam there are several new ways to challenge the issues on mobility;
there is a very ambitious EV programme, just like in Lisbon, including the focus
on Smart Grid development and demand response systems enabling peak
shaving and other services. But there is also the realization that only EV will not
be the issue to solve the mobility problem and takes this as an opportunity to
focus on new ways of transport. Or possible solutions as car sharing, resulting
to a situation nowadays that most inhabitants of Amsterdam state that the
possession of a car is not mandatory, but the availability of a vehicle is.
Transportation in own vehicles is now getting more and more to mobility
challenges, where real time information about traffic and (electric) vehicle
sharing are leading to a total concept op mobility. Very bottom-up driven and
leading to Smart Traffic Solutions.
Buildings energy consumption and the key role played by users is also one of the
issues being jointly addressed by Lisbon and Amsterdam. Within the Apollon
project, both cities, together with other partners, have actively engaged end
users into change their behaviour towards energy use, focusing on the adoption
of more energy efficient actions. This is a project dedicated to leveraging current
experiences and on-going investments to supplement cross-border pilots with
best-of-class methods for setting up, developing and operating sustainable
networks of Living Labs. In Lisbon and Amsterdam several households were
equipped with smart meters to access the home’s total electrical consumption in
real time and dynamically promote changes in dwellers behaviour towards the
adoption of more energy efficient actions. This is to be achieved using the living
labs methodology where users share experience, supported by the technical
experts and having access to the most up to date technologies.
The installation of smart meters and active engagement of users with
information and dissemination campaigns will promote users behaviour change
and allow the definition and presentation of categorized energy demand profiles
per typologies of users/households. The experience is running in parallel and the
results will be comparable in order to define categorized energy demand profiles
that will enable the creation of new business models, promoting SMEs innovation
and market reach in the ICT enhanced energy efficiency domain.
Bering in mind these compromises both cities defined action plans based on
distinct projects that base their set of action in the smart energy concept pillars
and cover a wide range of areas dealing with energy in the urban environment,
where end-users are the ones that will ultimately have to make the energy
transition change, driven by two complementary paths:
1. application
of
innovative
technology
results
in
a
technology
push
to
sustainable
behaviour
;
2. stimulation
of
behavioural
change
creates
a
demand
pull
for
more
sustainable
technology.
Framework programme 7 Coordinating Action FIREBALL
Challenge 1 Page: 35 (52) FP7-ICT-2009-5
www.fireball4smartcities.eu
STORYLINES OF SHOWCASES
STATUS:FINAL. VERSION:1.0, SAVED: 07 MAY 2012
This paper will describe the projects in course as case studies, where the goal,
the political commitment, the results and replication potential are analysed.
Within the people’s participation pillar the Lisbon Participatory Budget initiative is
presented, a highly success governance model that is in force for three years
now and has assisted to the exponential increase in the number of participants.
Regarding Infrastructure, Amsterdam’s Smart Work centres project is detailed.
This is in fact one of the projects Lisbon is eager to learn on, as the Amsterdam
SWC quality assuring experience revealed to be the strong point that allowed the
wide spread of these structures all over the Netherlands. Still on this area,
Lisbon’s Open Data project was set in 2011 and is now assuming a crucial asset
in the innovative approach to entrepreneurial based open innovation business
models in the energy sector and several other areas.
The information and Intelligence pillar is the one that glues all of this together
and somehow closes the loop that should exist between users, information, feed-
back and innovative developments that meet users’ needs. Amsterdam’s Smart
Living and Climate-street projects are innovative approaches to end-user’s
interaction with the energy demand system that have successful proven results
based on users empowerment and engagement regarding energy use.
The goal of this presentation is to report on successful existing projects
implemented towards the creation of a city’s ICT deployment strategy in the
energy field, from which lessons can be learned at all levels, including which
challenges to embrace and upon which assure rigorous and valuable execution.
From the political statements, to global governance models and technological
challenges evolved in the creation of innovative, economic viable infrastructure
concepts that are scalable to have impact in the city’s energy profile.
People
Participatory Budgeting
Lisbon has a strong tradition in the participatory decision making processes and
much has been learned through European research projects. The most visible
initiative is the Participatory Budgeting, which allows the population to decide
the activities in which the municipality should invest 5 million euros of its yearly
budget.
Implemented in 2008, Lisbon was the first European city to organize the
Participatory Budgeting, a new governing model, not only about listening to the
population but to give the population the power to decide on a significant part of
the investment that will be made in Lisbon. With the Participatory Budgeting the
Lisbon citizens have the power to propose projects, analyse the candidacies and
vote for the projects they believe comply with the city’s needs. The total budget
in this participation model is 5 million euros, 5% of the Municipality’s total
annual budget for investments. The projects are analysed and put into the
population evaluation, being the Municipality responsible to the implementation
of the most voted projects up to this amount.
From the yearly analysis some organizational guidelines were reinforced and
other redefined. The guidelines reinforced mainly dealt with:
-‐ participants
eligibility,
not
exclusively
focused
on
residents
but
open
to
all
people
related
to
Lisbon,
as
workers
and
students;
-‐ projects
voting
process,
exclusively
online,
having
the
Municipality
made
available
in
person
voting
sections
with
technical
assistance;
-‐ the
participants
registration
process
which
occurs
online
with
web
register;
-‐ the
communication
strategy
adopted.
Framework programme 7 Coordinating Action FIREBALL
Challenge 1 Page: 37 (52) FP7-ICT-2009-5
www.fireball4smartcities.eu
STORYLINES OF SHOWCASES
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From the evaluation process and users feedback, the following actions were
implemented:
-‐ previous
meetings
with
the
local
stakeholders,
partners
in
the
process;
-‐ a
dedicated
user
friendly
website
was
created;
-‐ the
projects
presentation
period
was
enlarged
for
two
months;
-‐ 8
Participatory
Assemblies
were
organized
for
projects
definition
and
discussion;
-‐ the
technical
criteria
adopted
for
projects
evaluation
by
the
Municipality
services
were
improved;
-‐ a
“guidelines
manual”
was
develop
to
guarantee
a
more
independent
evaluation
process
by
the
Municipality
services;
-‐ a
complaints
period
was
imposed.
All
the
complains
were
evaluated
and
considered
in
the
final
projects
list
decision;
-‐ 4
thematic
sessions
were
organized;
-‐ a
Participatory
Budget
bus
was
created.
The
bus
was
equipped
with
computers
that
presented
the
proposals
and
allowed
the
citizen
to
vote
in
their
favourite
projects.
In
2010
the
bus
was
visited
by
1199
citizens.
The number and variety of proposals substantially increased from 580 in 2008 to
927 in 2010, being available in a wide spectrum of action both in terms of
geographical dispersion and technical intervention areas. Public and green
spaces are the areas that received the higher number of proposals, followed by
traffic infra-structures, traffic and mobility.
Infrastructure
Smart work centers
Figure –
Amsterdam’s distributions of Smart Working Centres
The idea of the concept is very simple: together with business partners an idea
was deployed to create locations where people could work, whenever they
wanted to. At the start it was clear that the location should be very attractive for
people to work so all types of services-providers where included in the program,
varying from day care for children to banks and restaurants.
In 2008 the first Smart Working centre was deployed in Almere, a satellite of
Amsterdam. The idea was to pick a location where people normally would go into
traffic jams and now give them the choice to sit down and work first. The city of
Amsterdam was one of the first clients supporting the Smart Working Centre as
a launching customer for the first year. Cisco donated two telepresence sets so
people from Almere could contact their colleagues in Amsterdam. A local
entrepreneur was running the Smart Working Centre.
The evaluation after one year wasn’t very joyful: the experiment didn’t succeed.
After the first months the “smart workers” declined in numbers to a level that it
was not feasible anymore to keep the Smart Working centre open. After a very
intense evaluation the following lessons where defined:
-‐ A
Smart
Working
Centre
should
be
easily
accessible
by
public
transports,
strongly
motivating
users
to
leave
their
cars
at
home;
-‐ Quality
and
assistance
are
keys
to
success.
This
means
that
there
always
need
to
be
someone
at
the
SWC
who
can
help
whenever
things
need
to
be
arranged;
-‐ The
use
of
telepresence
also
implies
a
mind
and
technology
change
in
organizations;
-‐ The
right
business
model
is
hard
to
find.
The
SWC
has
to
work
as
a
“replacement
office”,
rather
than
just
as
a
costly
extra
facility
for
managers.
Based on the learning’s of this first Smart Working centre, entrepreneurs start to
find new business models for the concept. Within a year several new initiatives
deployed and the foundation Double U was created, coming up with a quality
label for Smart Working centres that guaranteed the quality and reliability of the
SWC. Nowadays the Netherlands have over 110 SWC’s with thousands of users,
which all have a certificate of the Double U foundation, thereby guaranteeing a
proper services level.
All types of companies started to develop new services for SWC, some related to
booking systems, other to connectivity and video presence but also in different
types of services like consultancy to accompany the institution on the changes
that have to be made at the administrative level when SWC are integrated in the
institutions’ everyday life.
Open data
Lisbon’s open data project was initiated in 2009. This data availability
programme is set in two stages: static data, updated in a regular basis, and real
time data. The project aims to present common assets, namely public data that
hasn’t been made available dealing with administrative processes and public
information related to the city’s liveability. Beyond the usual data about existing
restaurants, pharmacies, parking parks, the Open Data project includes also
operative data such as energy consumption of all municipality buildings, water
consumption, waste collection, etc., mainly based in raw data.
Lisbon’s Open data Hub is an API that acts as the bridge for Lisbon’s Municipality
information systems. This integration hub is based on standard “web services”
technology, a universally used solution that facilitates the integration of different
systems and applications, being the data available in XML format. Lisbon
Municipality applications resources will be available in a normalized way, through
an easy to access and established communication channel. This is a fundamental
asset in the city’s governance policy, focused on the citizen’s active participation
in the decision process and the city’s development strategy. It’s intent to
stimulate innovation, entrepreneurship and foster the appearance of
crowdsourcing phenomena in which the problems resolution participation process
is enhanced as well as in the effort to improve the city’s services and infra-
structures.
-‐ Public
Buildings:
the
National
Electricity
Utility
monitors
medium
voltage
supplied
buildings,
making
available
the
real
data
consumptions
every
15
minutes.
Lisbon’s
Municipality
buildings
ran
from
theatres,
service
buildings,
swimming
pools
and
other
public
installations
where
the
analysis
of
this
demand
profile
allows
the
identification
of
energy
efficiency
measures
that
can
be
adopted
to
improve
the
installation’s
energy
performance.
The
goal
is,
working
with
the
available
consumption
profiles
define
specific
consumption
patterns
upon
which
other
installations
can
more
easily
identify
the
opportunities
in
energy
efficiency.
This
data
availability
is
a
clear
impulse
to
the
energy
market
that
will
access
privilege
information
upon
which
can
develop
new
business
models
and
dynamically
approach
new
clients
presenting
new
functionalities
and
applications
that
may
facilitate
the
building’s
manager
action;
-‐ Public
Lighting:
Lisbon’s
public
lighting
system
comprehends
streetlamps,
traffic
lights
and
publicity
structures.
The
city’s
strategy
towards
energy
efficiency
in
this
area
foresees
intervention
projects
with
streetlights
and
traffic
lights.
Streetlights
new
LED
technology
is
being
evaluated
in
order
to
assess
the
quality
of
light
and
monitor
improvements
in
energy
efficiency.
In
parallel
a
replacement
programme
is
under
way
to
replace
1625
conventional
ballasts
by
electronic
ones
with
flux
reduction
capability
in
selected
periods
of
the
night.
In
traffic
lights
a
progressive
replacement
of
conventional
lights
for
LED
ones
is
in
force;
The
projects
are
test
beds
for
technology
experimentation
and
further
evaluation
of
the
replication
potential
applied
to
each.
The
availability
of
this
data
to
the
professional
public
allow
SME’s
to
develop
and
proactively
propose
the
adoption
of
innovative
public
light
management
systems
based
on
real
time
data,
experienced
on
the
field
both
in
terms
quality
of
lighting
and
security
related
issues.
The
methodology
adopted
fosters
SME’s
active
participation
for
presenting
and
testing
innovative
solutions
and
relies
on
end
user’s
feedback
for
evaluation
and
engagement
in
the
final
decision
process;
-‐ Solar
energy:
Lisbon
is
the
sunniest
capital
in
Europe
and
is
for
the
first
time
assessing
the
potential
to
install
solar
technologies
in
existing
buildings,
in
a
clear
strategy
to
redefine
urban
planning
policies
and
foster
the
deployment
of
the
most
solar
profitable
areas
in
terms
of
Lisbon’
s
built
patrimony.
The
result
of
this
evaluation
for
Lisbon’s
Baixa
Pombalina
area
is
already
available.
This
information
is
available
enabling
end
users
to
access
their
roof’s
potential
to
receive
solar
systems
and
the
solar
market
stakeholders
to
approach
the
best
investment
opportunities
and
define
new
partnership
models
with
the
end
user;
-‐ Mobility:
Several
projects
are
being
developed
in
this
area,
regarding
public
transports,
new
management
solutions
and
new
energy
sourced
vehicles.
Portugal
is
implementing
the
first
countrywide
EV
charging
network,
which
includes
more
than
1300
charging
points
across
the
Country
(MOBI.E
project),
with
Lisbon
having
the
most
prominent
position
in
it
with
687
charging
points.
The
first
set
of
electric
vehicle
charging
stations
was
launched
in
2010
and
currently
more
than
56
charging
points
are
operating
within
Lisbon
and
it’s
expected
that
the
remaining
631
are
installed
until
the
end
of
2011.
Within
its
basics
service,
Lisbon
and
other
cities
charging
points
are
interconnected
on
a
unique
platform
MOBI.E
all
over
the
country
with
multiple
interfaces
(web,
iphone,
android),
which
presents
the
location
and
status
of
each
charging
point
(occupation
and
existing
pre-‐reservations),
distances
between
points,
translated
into
real
time
distance
according
to
traffic
and
battery
needs.
The
project’s
goal
is
to
further
develop
and
implement
innovative
functionalities
that
mobilize
the
electric
vehicle
charging
points
as
crucial
infra
structures
in
Lisbon’s
sustainable
mobility
strategy.
Users
will
be
called
to
identify
and
test
new
functionalities
along
with
the
universities
and
SMEs,
in
a
user
involvement
strategy
that
relies
on
active
cooperation
between
different
actors.
Nevertheless,
electric
vehicle
owners
are
not
the
ones
to
exclusively
involve
in
the
project.
The
user
involvement
strategy
will
go
beyond
the
early
adopters,
focusing
also
on
laggards
in
order
to
motivate
their
participation
and
engage
them
in
the
development
of
services
that
may
attract
and
persuade
them
to
adopt
electric
vehicles.
The next step in the Open data project is to be able to provide real time data to
the user. This project will be launched briefly with installation presenting
electricity real time consumption data in service buildings and residential
dwellings.
Results:
1.
Reduce
the
use
of
Energy
The
results
of
the
project
after
6
months
indicated
a
6%
savings.
There
is
the
assumption
that
a
higher
rate
can
be
reached
after
a
year.
The
baseline
is
not
100%
Framework programme 7 Coordinating Action FIREBALL
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clear,
since
Smart
Meters
were
installed
with
a
bit
of
delay
due
through
some
technical
challenges.
2. Involve
users
The
city
district
and
housing
agencies
tried
to
adopt
a
co-‐creation
methodology
with
the
Geuzenveld
neighbourhood
inhabitants
by
working
in
cooperation
with
the
Favela
Fabric
agency.
Quickly
they
understood
that
energy
issues
were
not
at
the
realm
of
citizens
concerns.
Further
in
the
project
a
new
methodology
was
adopted,
focused
on
elementary
schools.
The
work
with
students
was
a
successful
approach
to
involve
whole
families
in
the
awareness
raising
process.
3. Value
Case
a. people:
what
is
acceptable,
when
do
people
act
i. People
do
not
like
being
told
what
to
do.
They
rather
be
the
ones
with
the
initiative;
ii. Energy
is
not
tangible
enough
to
understand,
it
has
to
be
translated
into
more
tangible
things;
iii. Involve
schools
and
children
when
possible
–
schools
are
a
natural
learning
environment
and
are
very
well
organized.
b. process:
delivering
the
innovation:
how,
by
who?
i. Ownerships
is
very
difficult,
but
ambitions
are
there;
ii. This
is
not
a
strict
system.
Integration
and
co-‐creation
should
be
flexible.
This
is
hard
for
infrastructural
parties;
c. technology:
can
it
be
scaled?
i. Not
with
this
intensity,
the
investments
are
too
high
when
related
to
real
savings.
When
scaled
up
the
market
deployment
element
will
have
an
important
role;
d. cooperation:
what
project
partners
are
essential?
In
what
role?
i. Housing
agencies,
grid
operators,
energy
agencies
and
organizations
that
work
on
or
to
the
neighbourhood
and
know
how
to
attract,
work
and
engage
“people”
on
adopting
more
energy
efficient
behaviours.
Like all Amsterdam Smart City projects the results were assessed envisioning
the three important pillars: are users involved, is there a value case and most
important: do we save energy?
For the climate street lessons and results are:
1. Reduce
the
use
of
Energy
i. There
is
a
big
difference
per
shop
tipology.
Restaurants
save
more
compared
to
bookshops
e.g.
differences
vary
between
5
to
25%;
ii. In
public
space
there
is
over
30%
saving
potential;
iii. In
waste
collecting
there
is
a
20%
saving
potential
by
using
smart
logistics.
2. Involve
users
i.
Shop
owners
are
a
very
different
group
to
work
with,
with
specific
needs;
ii. Working
with
existing
organizations,
that
aggregate
shop
owner
as
memberships
is
a
successful
experience;
iii. Working
with
ambassadors
and
early
adopters
was
a
very
successful
approach,
40
of
the
140
shops
were
willing
to
act
as
ambassadors
for
other
shops
and
collaborate
intensively;
iv. Design
is
key,
ugly
appliances
are
not
adopted.
3.
Value
Case
i. People:
what
is
acceptable,
when
do
people
act?
• Make
insights
visible,
give
financial
advantage
immediately;
• Do
not
send
consultants,
work
with
peers;
• Initial
investments
are
hard
for
shop
owners;
ii. Process:
delivering
the
innovation:
how,
by
who?
•
Ownership
is
very
complex
in
environments
where
nobody
is
responsible
for
a
collective
strategy;
• Role
of
the
government
can
be
to
organize
this;
iii. Technology:
can
it
be
scaled?
• Organizing
a
test
bed
is
a
great
way
to
design,
develop
and
demonstrate
new
technologies.
The
scaling
up
of
the
business
models
base
on
the
success
of
the
initiative;
• Sometimes
the
business
models
need
to
change.
E.g.
for
lightning:
LED
lights
represent
a
big
investment
but
the
reduced
energy
consumption
allows
economically
interesting
pay
back
periods.
Led
Leasing
companies
started
to
develop
propositions
to
support
the
initial
investment
and
have
a
success
rate
for
the
pay
back
rent.
iv. Cooperation:
what
project
partners
are
essential?
In
what
role?
• Shop
owners
and
their
organizations;
• A
neutral
project
management
organization
with
great
stakeholder
skills.
Smart. Smarter. Smartest. In almost every city in the world business, knowledge
institutions and government are working on “Smart Solutions” to increase the
quality of life and solve societal issues. Lisbon and Amsterdam both seem to be
very advanced in this perspective, but they also work in a very organized way,
where the sharing of results is key. Energy, Mobility and Open Data have a
strong focus in the both cities. Energy transition and transparency of
government are both themes that are very relevant to other cities.
Every Smart City is different. Having its own characteristics and challenges, but
there are also a lot of similarities. The challenges around transition to EV,
increase awareness around Energy Efficient and opening up governmental data
are not exclusively relevant to Lisbon and Amsterdam, but also to other cities in
the world. Amsterdam and Lisbon both have a long tradition in travelling around
the world and trade with almost all nationalities.
Living Lab methodology seems to have taken a dominant position when it comes
to innovation and in the public domain as well. The involvement of “people” is a
key asset in all the projects and enables the active partners to steer in time
when needed.
From the experiences reported, three important lessons learned within the last
years of “Smart City” development can be systematized:
-‐ People
are
central
in
a
Smart
City.
When
you
success
in
increasing
users
engagement
in
the
city
living,
products
quality
develop
and
increases
faster,
services
and
products
are
deployed
faster
and
the
feed-‐back
from
users
makes
is
smarted
the
adoption
and
integration
of
new
functionalities
in
the
society.
The
energy
efficiency
projects
happening
in
Lisbon
are
a
good
example.
The
Smart
Working
Center
in
Amsterdam
is
an
example
on
how
things
can
go
wrong
(initially)
when
users
are
the
central
piece.
-‐ Themes
where
cities
are
working
are
very
comparable
and
collaboration
in
organization
such
as
the
European
Network
of
Living
Labs
(APOLLON,
Fireball),
Eurocities
and
others
help
cities
becoming
effective
in
focusing
their
efforts
and
resources
in
valid
methodologies,
thus
fostering
the
Smart
City
development.
-‐ The
city
government
role
in
the
field
of
stakeholders’
organization
and
cooperation
fostering,
including
knowledge
institutions
and
companies
is
crucial
for
the
success
of
these
initiatives.
Stakeholders’
management
is
not
only
on
the
consumer
side
of
things,
but
also
on
the
investment
side
and
ecosystem
for
potential
solutions.
What we have learned from the cases above is that cooperation among cities,
share of experiences, valid methodologies and projects is becoming more and
more important, and assumes especial relevance in deployment of smart cities.
A model where leading cities can assist other cities on stakeholder management
and governance is very relevant. Where peers can exchange knowledge and
build new experiences based on each other shoulders allows increasing the level
of quality and innovation of projects, fostering the market to be ambitious and
present new ideas and concepts that can be competitive and truly promote
connectivity among systems, people and cities. Lisbon and Amsterdam did take
up this glove and their results are shared all over the world.
Background
With the 4th showcase there was a need to place the storyline of a particular
city’s development towards a smart city (in this case Manchester) in the context
of the public and private sector agendas that are being undertaken.
Policy initiatives such as the Digital Agenda for Europe are vital in encouraging
policy-makers to engage with new technology solutions on a strategic level. It is
becoming clear, as smart technologies offer sustainable growth solutions in a
difficult economic climate, that investment in infrastructure and a strategic
approach to digital at a regional and municipality are vital to ensure our
European cities are drivers of the local economy.
By focussing on the Digital Agenda for Europe, and the adoption of a Local
Digital Agenda at a city level, cities can both learn from each other, and retain
competitive advantage. For businesses, particularly those “footloose”
multinationals, the digital infrastructure necessary for the “smart city” is
becoming as key to their decision-making on location, as transport infrastructure
and knowledge resources (such as universities).
That is why the policy agenda, along with political buy-in, is so critical to
developing the smart city. Yet, there are limits to what public policy makers and
city administrations can do on their own. In particular, they are constrained
when it comes to innovation, however much they would like to innovate, but
having to ensure that the city itself works. As Pekka Sauri, deputy mayor of
Helsinki has said, “we would like to innovate, but we have to ensure that the city
continues to function.”
Except in “green field” developments such as are being built as “new cities” in
Dubai, China and elsewhere, the likelihood is that a city infrastructure has many
different partners, uses a wide range of existing, and emerging technology
platforms, and cannot be easily “reverse engineered” to create the city as a
“machine.” Even large vendors pushing “smart city” solutions for such things as
traffic management and smart grids, are beginning to understand that their
solution has to exist alongside other systems in the city – and the key thing is
for city contracts to enable interoperability between different systems.
Furthermore, “innovation” in a city is taking place not just (or not at all) in the
Universities, “testbeds” and “incubators” but at a grass-roots level.
This local level of engagement is critical for a number of reasons, not least
because the next generation of innovators are likely to be working in a
networked way, coming together for specific projects, or clustering in digital
spaces online, and hybrid work-live spaces (such as Manchester’s Madlab).
How then to reflect that and to illustrate this via a specific example?
It is this innovative spirit that is now defining our plans for the future. We have
some high aspirations and some difficult problems. Our pledge – in Manchester:
A Certain Future – to reduce Carbon emissions by 41% by 2020 is particularly
challenging. The need to equip our residents so they can access the jobs of the
future remains an ongoing challenge. The city’s infrastructure still requires
considerable investment, such as our expanding tram network, and plans to
develop Next Generation broadband. In addition, there are governance
challenges, as the city is one of 10 local authorities that form the Manchester
city-region, and working across these new authorities, requires new structures
and new ways of working.
Despite all of this we remain optimistic about the future and one reason for that
is because of the vibrancy of the city and its various communities. Whether its
digital hackers or community activists or new artists, poets and musicians, we
see a “grass roots” excitement about the city – which flows from the cities bars
and cafes, and leads to new businesses and, as importantly, new business
models.
Manchester as a Smart City will never be a top-down or corporate, but its large
companies and its public bodies are important players nonetheless. In some
ways Manchester is a “small city” where everyone knows each other, attends
each others events, and supports each others initiatives – bringing business
people, technologists, artists and creatives, public officials and academics
together in a way that is rarely found elsewhere.
Framework programme 7 Coordinating Action FIREBALL
Challenge 1 Page: 47 (52) FP7-ICT-2009-5
www.fireball4smartcities.eu
STORYLINES OF SHOWCASES
STATUS:FINAL. VERSION:1.0, SAVED: 07 MAY 2012
Recently examples include a “speed dating” event where everyone in the room
had to speak to a person from one of several categories including web
developers, creatives and scientists; and a very successful “smart city innovation
boardroom” where a range of invited guests – running from IBM to the
community organisation Gorton Monastery – were part of a vivid discussion on
how Manchester could become a smart city.
Yet despite the smart city being about “people” we shouldn’t ignore the physical
places where they meet. With Media City opening in Salford and the BBC moving
there; with the large work and studio space provided by the refashioned Sharp
Project in East Manchester; and with community spaces such as Madlab
(Manchester Digital Laboratory) and FABLab (The UK’s first fabrication
laboratory) there are key places and destinations where innovators meet and
work.
The “coming together” of digital innovators happens on a regular basis in the city
– through all kinds of business and technology events – but also through the
once a year “industry awards” the Big Chip Awards, run by Manchester Digital,
the city’s independent trade association.
We very much want to look at how we can maximise the city’s strengths but also
be honest about our weaknesses – that the sheer diversity of different voices
and the “freelance first” model that is being chosen by many of the city’s young
creatives, means that we are sometimes lacking in the entrepreneurial
experience to develop technologies further, and bring them to market,
particularly in the digital and environmental technology spaces.
The Manchester example should identify some key Future Internet issues or
technologies and look at how the city is adapting to use these – whether its new
programming languages and methodologies, rapid application technologies like
3D printing, adaption of new technologies (such as Wimax) in new and
innovative ways; or exploration of green technologies such as sensor networks
and energy monitors.
The local vision for developing as a ‘smart city’ is based on creating citizen-
centric, user-driven approaches to the co-creation and co-production of Future
Internet-enabled services. This involves three main elements:
a) An explicit statement of the local commitment to, and experience of,
citizen engagement in defining both the vision and the implementation for
all of the elements that need to make up the ‘building blocks’ of the
‘smart city’, particularly openness, inclusiveness and sustainability;
b) Practical demonstration through local pilot projects of how those
principles are put into practice, especially in terms of usability,
interoperability, flexibility, security and reliability, and the creation of a
genuinely collaborative network to develop this practice, both locally and
in collaboration with European partners;
c) Setting out the foundations of how ideas developed locally could form the
basis for longer term planning and delivery of the Local Digital Agenda to
make the work that is generated by this more inclusive and sustainable
The work on the Roadmap is developing some initial benchmarks for mapping
and evaluating progress towards this end, providing the starting point for
developing ‘smart citizens in smart cities’ applications that would, in turn, enable
the vision to be put into practice, in ways which maximise local benefit and drive
more inclusive and sustainable economic growth. These benchmarks include:
• Local leadership support at the highest level both for the development of
the vision and for local initiatives and pilot projects to implement it;
• Establishing the momentum required to support the creation of a ‘critical
mass’ of citizen, user and developer engagement;
• Buy-in from key partners and stakeholders from within the user
communities and citizen networks;
• Accessible applications and user groups which are seen as attractive, and
even “fun”, to be involved in by users;
• Future Internet technologies that are increasingly available and
accessible, e.g. location based applications, wearable systems and where
‘networked objects meet web-centric systems’;
• Identifiable progress towards co-production which begins to demonstrate
results in service transformation.
The challenge now is to link this into the immediate priorities for the Manchester
city region, in areas such as economic growth, social inclusion, improved well-
being and sustainable development, while, at the same time, providing a
platform for longer term thinking and action.
One important part of this challenge is creating a specific vision and objectives
for the concept of “Smart Citizens in Smart Cities” and the following is the first
attempt to do this:
Smart Cities will have smart citizens at their heart, enabling them to have the
capacity and confidence to use state-of-the-art future internet technologies to
transform the way they live and work and their quality of life. Future internet-
enabled smart citizens will collaborate in new and dynamic ways, co-owning new
ways of planning and delivering services and co-producing services both for
themselves and for those that they live with, care for and work with. Smart
citizens in smart cities will be part of new cross-border collaborations across
Europe and globally, using future-internet technologies to create new economic
and social opportunities for working and for living. Smart cities will enable smart
citizens to make their environments greener, cleaner and healthier as well as
more open and inclusive. Smart citizens in smart cities will ensure that smart
cities are more democratic, resilient and attractive, using future internet-enabled
services to generate and celebrate creativity, innovation and diversity.
The experience gained through the delivery of local projects over the past five
years has enabled the MDDA and its partners to re-evaluate and re-focus their
work around the idea that citizen engagement, ‘smart citizens’, needs to be at
the centre of Manchester’s proposed “Local Digital Agenda”, creating a virtuous
circle whereby:
a) digital inclusion generates skills and aspirations across all sections of
society and re-engages people in all aspects of civic life, and;
b) digital industries generate new employment opportunities and
pathways into these through skill development with local people and the
institutions that support this, particularly schools and colleges, and;
The key to realising this, as a ‘Smart City’ strategy for the city region, is to
sustain the momentum of work done to date through:
• city leadership (continuing support from the main decision makers at
the highest level);
• investment in new digital infrastructures and services (even in spite of
the economic crisis, where new and more innovative approaches and
business models will be needed more than ever);
• exemplar projects and activities which really stimulate interest and
engagement (two examples in Manchester currently would be the
Manchester Digital Lab, MadLab, and the Future Everything Festival).
The Future Internet enabled ‘Smart City’ is about the transformation of urban
living through the imaginative use of digital technologies and ensuring that this
can make a significant contribution to sustainable economic growth both
immediately and in the longer term. At the same time these technologies also
provide opportunities to transform the lives of local residents and the
neighbourhoods where they live. This is why the focus on tackling the digital
divide and promoting digital inclusion is continuing to be seen as a priority,
highlighting the need to ensure that citizens have the capacity, skills and
motivation to take advantage of these technologies and that there is a real
commitment to focus not only on the transformation of public services in terms
of ‘business process’ but also on co-production, the direct and active
engagement of users in the design, delivery and, where needed, the ownership
of services.
Some of the policies, as outlined above, are in place to facilitate and support the
transformation process of Manchester into a ‘Smart City’, but there is still much
to be done to ensure that the opportunities that the Future Internet can provide
to a city region such as Manchester are fully exploited.
There are a number of specific lessons that can learnt from the Manchester’s
experience which will be used to inform future strategies and the proposed Local
Digital Agenda for Manchester in particular:
• Firstly the need to develop digitally enabled services that are based on
the social, cultural and economic needs of the neighbourhoods, requiring
a combination of detailed local research and real efforts to consult with
and engage local people as an essential prerequisite for capturing user
needs and involving users in the design and delivery of new services, the
start of the co-production process;
• Secondly that the stakeholders in the project, especially the public sector,
need to demonstrate a long term commitment to community engagement
and capacity building and invest as much in the development of people’s
skills, confidence and aspirations as in the technology being deployed;
• Thirdly the need to have an ongoing evaluation strategy that not only has
the ability to identify weaknesses, and even failures, but also has the role
of communicating these results directly into the strategic decision making
process so that the project can adapt and evolve as quickly and
effectively as possible, backed up by effective project management
resources;
• Fourthly the need to develop real exemplars that push the boundaries of
what people know and their expectations, so that people’s imaginations
are stimulated and horizons widened and that this is communicated with
all the power that Future Internet enabled communications can bring,
making use of all the capabilities that the most effective social media and
social networking can offer.
Showcasing Manchester
The aim of this storyline is to identify the building blocks towards a
smart city, specifically how city leaders, and other key partners need to
be involved in order to make a “smart city” a reality. It uses Manchester
as an example but should integrate with examples of more advanced
smart cities around Europe.
Manchester, in many ways, is a dynamic digital city,that for various reasons – to
do with its political and administrative make-up, and the nature of local, regional
and national policies in the UK, is not as far forward as it would like to be. The
many positives of the city’s digital development (the massive changes that have
taken place over the last 20 years, haulting and reversing industrial decline; the
city’s vibrant digital communities; the importance of Manchester as a regional
capital; cooperation between different public bodies and the private sector and
universities) are matched with some challenges (Manchester is one of ten
boroughs in the city region; there are few large corporate head offices here –
and probably none in the digital sector (e.g. IBM, CISCO etc are based here but
their UK HQ is elsewhere); a changing political landscape; weakness of UK
regional governance; the city’s continued legacy in poor health and education
and employment prospects) mean that we look to European cities like
Amsterdam for inspiration on the “how to” as well as the “what.”
Any development of Manchester as a “Smart city” is therefore a collaborative
approach with the private sector, universities and wider public bodies (including
the BBC) vitally important to this partnership. These different voices are
reflected in the Smart City symposium we undertook in 2011 which is featured
here: http://www.smart-ip.eu/2011/08/manchester-smart-city/
The film should include the Manchester example as one “model” of the
“Roadmap” a city needs to take towards a smart city including: companies,
public bodies etc.
Existing footage such as the outcomes of that day, and promotional videos for
such projects as SAVE ENERGY can be utilised to show concrete examples of the
city’s portfolio.
3. Visit to Manchester Town Hall. Iconic building in the centre of the city
built in the 19th century so challenging to “retrofit” or make energy efficient.
However it’s a multi-purpose space, heavily used by the public. We’ve provided
Wifi in public spaces and in councillor sections. Filming should take place up the
clock tower where we have installed Wifi transmission capability to distribute fast
broadband wirelessly across city
7 CONCLUSIONS
Based on the Helsinki Showcase can be said that video is a powerful way of
communication with a wide spectrum of different approaches to be implemented
in order to have, with the same materials, several products that can reach a
broad range of different publics and audiences.
The working methodology that was implemented, as well as the final product
that results from all this efforts, has an important nature of small videos to
people and to the citizen communities.
As important as the final result and quality of the video, is the dissemination
strategy that lies behind it.
8 REFERENCES
[1] D4.3 FIREBALL Showcases (Alvaro Oliveira)
[ 2 ] Helsinki Smart City Show Case ; Introduction for Innovation strategy of
Helsinki smart city region (Anna Kivilehto, Veli-Pekka Niitamo)
[3] The Storyline for the Barcelona Showcase (Júlia López i Ventura)
[ 4 ] Lisbon & Amsterdam Smart Energy Showcase (Joana Fernandes, Ger
Baron)
[ 5 ] GREEN PAPER; Creating an inclusive and sustainable knowledge society:
A Local Digital Agenda for Manchester (Dave Carter)