BD HSG MTCT11

S GIO DC V O TO THA THIN HU
TRNG THPT NG TRN CN

TI LIU
BI DNG HC SINH GII
GII TON VI MY TNH CM TAY
NM HC 2011 2012

Bin son: Cao Long
T chuyn mn: Ton Tin.

HU, THNG 09/2011
Ti liu Bi dng hc sinh gii gii ton vi my tnh cm tay
Bin son: Cao Long, trng THPT ng Trn Cn, T.T.Hu (http://caolong.wordpress.com)
1
Quy trnh bm phm cho mt s dng ton c bn
1. Tnh gi tr ca dy s
1.1. Dy truy hi cp 1:
( )
1
1 n n
u a
u f u
+
=
.
a) Tnh trn my fx 570ES:
Nhp: biu thc ( )
STO
f A A Calc A? (nhp) 0 = {Syntax Error} (Replay) = ... .
b) Tnh trn my fx 500MS:
Nhp:
STO
a A ( )
STO
f A A =
hoc: a = ( ) Ans f =
V d 1: Tnh gi tr 10 s hng u ca dy s ( )
n
u , vi
1
2
3
1
2
7
n n
u
u u
+
=
= +
.
Tnh trn my fx 570ES:
Nhp:
STO
3 2
7 A A + (Replay) Calc A? (nhp) 1 = {Syntax Error} (Replay) = ...
Kt qu:
1
2 u = ;
2
2, 22398 u ;
3
2, 28599 u ;
4
2, 30370 u ;
5
3, 30879 u
6
2, 31026 u ;
7
2, 31068 u ;
8
2, 31080 u ;
9
2, 31084 u ;
10
2, 31085 u .
1.2. Dy truy hi tuyn tnh cp 2:
1 2
2 1
;
. .
n n n
u a u b
u p u q u r
+ +
= =
= + +
.
Nhp:
STO
. . p B q A r A + + Alpha :
STO
. . p A q B r B + + = Calc A? (nhp) a B?
(nhp) b = {Syntax Error} = ... = ...

V d 2. Cho dy s ( )
n
u xc nh bi
1
1 2 2
1
2 3 neu le
1; 2;
3 2 neu chan
n n
n
n n
u u n
u u u
u u n
+
+
+
+
= = =

+
.
a) Tnh gi tr ca
10 15 21
; ; u u u .
b) Gi
n
S l tng ca n s hng u tin ca dy s ( )
n
u . Tnh
10 15 20
; ; S S S .
( thi HSG MT11 2005 2006, T.T.Hu)
- - - - -
Quy trnh bm phm tnh
n
u :
Nhp:
STO
1 X X + Alpha :
( )
( )
( )
( )
1
STO
1 1 1 1
. 2. 3. . 3. 2.
2 2
X X
B A B A A
+
+ +
+ + + = .
Alpha :
( )
( )
( )
( )
1
STO
1 1 1 1
. 2. 3. . 3. 2.
2 2
X X
A B A B B
+
+ +
+ + + = = Calc X? (nhp) 0.
A? (nhp) 1 B? (nhp) 2 = {Syntax Error} (Replay) = ...
2
Nhn xt: Quy trnh trn di, khng nhp ht c vo mn hnh my tnh. Do vy, ta
cn phi tch vit quy trnh khc.
Quy trnh : (Dng 4 bin xoay vng)
Nhp:
STO
2 3 B A X + Alpha :
STO
3 2 X B Y + = Alpha :
STO
2 3 Y X A + = =
Alpha :
STO
3 2 A Y B + = = = Calc B? (nhp) 2 A? (nhp) 1 X? (b qua)
Y? (b qua) = {Syntax Error} (Replay) = ... .
Bng kt qu:
A
(nhp)
B
(nhp)
X Y A B X Y A B X Y
1
u
2
u
3
u
4
u
5
u
6
u
7
u
8
u
9
u
10
u
11
u
12
u
1 2 7 25 71 263 739 2743 7703 28595 80299 298087
v
15
8725987 u = ;
21
9884879423 u = .
Kt qu c tnh trn Maple nh sau:
> A:=1;B:=2;
for x from 1 by 1 to 10 do
A:=eval(x mod 2)*(2*B+3*A)+eval(x+1 mod 2)*(3*A+2*B):
B:=eval(x+1 mod 2)*(2*B+3*A)+eval(x mod 2)*(3*A+2*B):
u[2*x+1]:=A;u[2*x+2]:=B;
end do;
:= A 1
,
:= B 2
,
:= A 7
,
:= B 25
,
:= u
3
7
,
:= u
4
25
,
:= A 71
,
:= B 263
,
:= u
5
71
,
:= u
6
263

:= A 739
,
:= B 2743
,
:= u
7
739
,
:= u
8
2743
,
:= A 7703
,
:= B 28595
,
:= u
9
7703
:= u
10
28595
,
:= A 80299
,
:= B 298087
,
:= u
11
80299
,
:= u
12
298087
,
:= A 837071

:= B 3107387
,
:= u
13
837071
,
:= u
14
3107387
,
:= A 8725987
,
:= B 32392735

:= u
15
8725987
,
:= u
16
32392735
,
:= A 90963431
,
:= B 337675763
,
:= u
17
90963431

:= u
18
337675763
,
:= A 948241819
,
:= B 3520076983
,
:= u
19
948241819
:= u
20
3520076983
,
:= A 9884879423
,
:= B 36694792235
,
:= u
21
9884879423
,

:= u
22
36694792235

1.3. Dy truy hi tuyn tnh cp 3:
1 2 3
3 2 1
; ;
. . .
n n n n
u a u b u c
u p u q u r u d
+ + +
= = =
= + + +
.
Nhp:
STO
. . . p C q B r A d A + + + Alpha :
STO
. . . p A q C r B d B + + + = Alpha :
STO
. . . p B q A r C d C + + + = = Calc A? (nhp) a B? (nhp) b C? (nhp) c = .
{Syntax Error} = ... = ...
Kt qu:
A
(nhp)
B
(nhp)
C
(nhp)
A B C A B C A B C
1
u
2
u
3
u
4
u
5
u
6
u
7
u
8
u
9
u
10
u
11
u
12
u
3
V d: Cho dy s ( )
n
u xc nh bi h thc
( )
1 2 3
1 2 3
1; 2; 3
2 3 4
n n n n
u u u
u u u u n

= = =
= + +
.
a) Tnh gi tr
4 5 6 7
; ; ; u u u u .
b) Vit quy trnh bm phm lin tc tnh gi tr ca
n
u vi 4 n .
c) S dng quy trnh trn, tnh gi tr ca
20 22 25 28
; ; ; u u u u .
( thi HSG MT lp 11 nm hc 2004 2005, T.T.Hu)
- - - - -
Quy trnh bm phm tnh gi tr ca
n
u :
Nhp:
STO
2 3 C B A A + + Alpha :
STO
2 3 A C B B + + = Alpha :
STO
2 3 B A C C + +
= = Calc A? (nhp) 1 B? (nhp) 2 C? (nhp) 3 = . {Syntax Error} = ...
Kt qu:
A
(nhp)
B
(nhp)
C
(nhp)
A B C A B C A B C
1
u
2
u
3
u
4
u
5
u
6
u
7
u
8
u
9
u
10
u
11
u
12
u
1 2 3 10 22 51 125 293 696 1657 3928 9330

1.4. H dy truy hi tuyn tnh :
1 1
1
1
;
. .
. .
n n n
n n n
u a v b
u p u q v r
v h u k v l
+
+
= =
= + +
= + +
.
Nhp:
STO
. . p A q B r X + + Alpha :
STO
. . h A k C l Y + + = Alpha :
STO
. . p X qY r A + + = = Alpha :
STO
. . h X k Y l B + + = = = Calc A? (nhp) a
B? (nhp) b = {Syntax Error} = ... = ...
Kt qu:
A
(nhp)
B
(nhp)
X Y A B X Y A B X Y
1
u
1
v
2
u
2
v
3
u
3
v
4
u
4
v
5
u
5
v
6
u
6
v

V d: Cho hai dy s ( ) ( ) ,
n n
u v xc nh bi:
1 1
1
1
1; 2
22 15
17 12
n n n
n n n
u v
u v u
v v u
+
+
= =
, 1 n .
a) Tnh gi tr ca
5 10 15 18 19
; ; ; ; u u u u u v
5 10 15 18 19
; ; ; ; v v v v v .
b) Nu quy trnh bm phm lin tc tnh
1 n
u
+
v
1 n
v
+
theo
n
u v
n
v .
c) Lp cng thc truy hi tnh
1 n
u
+
theo
n
u v
1 n
u

, tnh
1 n
v
+
theo
n
v v
1 n
v

.
( thi HSG MT lp 11 nm hc 2007 2008, T.T.Hu)
- - - - -
Quy trnh bm phm tnh gi tr ca
n
u :
4
Nhp:
STO
22 15 B A X Alpha :
STO
17 12 B A Y = Alpha :
STO
22 15 Y X A =
= Alpha :
STO
17 12 Y X B = = = Calc B? (nhp) 2 A? (nhp) 1 X? (b
qua) Y? (b qua) = {Syntax Error} = ... = ...
Kt qu:
A
(nhp)
B
(nhp)
X Y A B X Y A B X Y
1
u
1
v
2
u
2
v
3
u
3
v
4
u
4
v
5
u
5
v
6
u
6
v
1 2 29 22 49 26 -163 -146 -767 -526 -67 262
10
192547 u = ;
10
135434 v = ;
15
47517071 u = ;
15
34219414 v =
18
1055662493 u = ;
18
673575382 v = ;
19
1016278991 u = ;
19
1217168422 v = .

2. Tnh tng
V d 1:(MT11-0809) Cho hm s ( )
3
3
6 3
x
y f x
x
= =
+
.
Tnh tng:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 3 ... 100 S f f f f = + + + + .
- - - - -
Quy trnh 1: (My fx 570ES)
Nhp:
STO
1 X X + Alpha :
3
STO
3
6 3
X
A A
X
+
+
= Calc X? (nhp) 0 A?
(nhp) 0 = {Syntax Error} (Replay) = ... = ... (bm du = n khi 100 X = )
Quy trnh 2: (My fx 500MS)
STO
0 X
STO
0 A
STO
1 X X +
( ) ( )
STO
3
: 6x 6 3 A X X A + + {0,129331793}
{Replay} = { } 2 X = {Replay} = { } 0.463391817 A
{Replay} = { } 3 X = {Replay} = { } 1.044768278 A
{Replay} = { } 4 X = {Replay} = { } 1.905763124 A ...
Cch khc: Dng hm
ca my fx 570ES:
Nhp:
3 100
6
1
6. 3
x
X
X
=
(
(
+
(

= . Kt qu: 2931, 789482 S

Kt qu c tnh vi Maple 14 (lm trn n 13 ch s thp phn):
>

Gi tr gn ng ca tng cn tm: 2931, 78948177 S .
5
V d 2:(MT11-0708) Tnh tng
1 2 3 99 100
...
2.3 3.4 4.5 100.101 101.102
S = + + .
- - - - -
Kt qu c tnh vi Maple 14 (lm trn n 17 ch s thp phn):
>

Quy trnh 1: (My fx 570ES)
Nhp:
STO
1 X X + Alpha :
( )
( )( )
1
STO
1 .
1 2
X
X
A A
X X
+
+
+ +
= Calc X? (nhp) 0 A?
Quy trnh 2: (My fx 500MS)
STO
0 X
STO
0 A
STO
1 X X + ( ) ( )( )
STO
1
1 . : 1 2
X
A X X X A
+
+ + + (

{0,166666666 }
{Replay} = { } 2 X = {Replay} = { } 0 A =
{Replay} = { } 3 X = {Replay} = { } 0.15 A =
Cch khc: Dng hm
ca my fx 570ES:
Nhp:
( )
( ) ( )
1
100
1
1 .
1 2
X
x
X
X X
+
=
(
(
+ +
(

= . Kt qu: 0.07461166509 S
3. Tm c s chung ln nht (UCLN) v bi s chung nh nht (BCNN)
Thut ton Euclide tm UCLN ca hai s nguyn dng A v B nh sau:
1 1
. A B q r = + ;
1 2 2
. B r q r = + ;
1 2 3 3
. r r q r = + ; ;
1 1 1
.
n n n n
r r q r
+ +
= + .
Nu
1
0
n
r
+
= th UCLN ca A v B bng
n
r .
K hiu: ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 2
, , , ...
n
A B B r r r r = = = = (khi
1
0
n
r
+
= )
Quy trnh 1 bm phm tm UCLN ca 2 s A v B trn my fx 570ES:
Chn ch my tnh: Shift Mode Fix 0 .
Nhp:
STO
x Rnd 0.5
A
A B A
B
| |

|
\
Alpha :
STO
x Rnd 0.5
B
B A B
A
| |

|
\
= Calc A?
(nhp) A B? (nhp) B = {Syntax Error} = ... = ... cho n khi nhn gi tr
bng 0. Bm tm gi tr lin trc , chnh l UCLN cn tm.

V d: Tm UCLN v BCNN ca hai s 15859375 A = v 3995649 B = .
Quy trnh bm phm:
6
Nhp:
STO
x Rnd 0.5
A
A B A
B
| |

|
\
Alpha :
STO
x Rnd 0.5
B
B A B
A
| |

|
\
= Calc A?
(nhp) 15859375 B? (nhp) 3995649 = {Syntax Error} = (bm 7 ln du =
n kt qu bng 0). Bm ta c gi tr lin trc bng 203.
Vy UCLN cn tm l 203.
Suy ra: BCNN bng
( )
. 15859375x3995649
, 203
A B
A B
=
11
3,121600781.10 =
Ghi kt qu vo giy : 312160078
Ri bm tip
11
Ans 3,12160078.10 =125. Ni kt qu ny vo phn sau ca kt qu va
ghi ra giy ta c BCNN cn tm bng 312160078125.
Quy trnh 2 bm phm tm UCLN ca 2 s A v B trn my fx 570ES:
Nhp:
STO
x Rnd 0.5
A
A B X
B
| |

|
\
Alpha :
STO
B A = Alpha :
STO
X B = =
Calc A? (nhp) A B? (nhp) B X? (nhp) 0 = {Syntax Error} = ... = ...
cho n khi X nhn gi tr bng 0. Bm = tm gi tr ca A, chnh l UCLN cn tm.
Nhn xt: Quy trnh 2 bm nhiu ln du = hn Quy trnh 1. Cc em hy th nh !
4. Bi ton kinh t (li sut ngn hng, gi tit kim)
4.1. Li n (li c tnh theo t l phn trm ca tin gi (vay) trong mt khong thi
gian c nh trc).
Khi gi m ng vo ngn hng vi li sut % r trong thi gian t . Th sau khong thi
gian t ta c s tin li: . % mr ng. S tin ny c cng vo vn (s tin gi) c sau
mt khong thi gian t.
Nh vy, s tin c vn ln li sau khong thi gian nt l: ( ) . % m n mr + ng.
V d 1: Nu ta gi vo ngn hng s tin 15000000 ng vi li sut 1,5%/thng.
Th s tin li hng thng ta nhn c l
6
15.10 .1, 5% 225000 t = = ng.
Sau 1 thng ta c s tin c vn ln li l
6 6
1
15.10 15.10 .1, 5% x = + ng
6
1
15.10 .1, 015 15225000 x = = ng.
Sau 2 thng ta thu c s tin:
6
2
15.10 2.225000 15450000 x = + = .
Sau 1 nm (tc 12 thng) ta thu c s tin:
6
12
15.10 12.225000 17700000 x = + = ng.
V sau n thng, ta thu c s tin
6
15.10 .225000
n
x n = + ng.
4.2. Li kp (li c tnh theo t l phn trm ca tin gi (vay) sau mt khong thi
gian c nh trc v c cng vo vn tnh li sau mi khong thi gian ).
Khi gi m ng vo ngn hng vi li sut r%/nm th s tin li thu c sau 1 nm
vn l: m.r% ng. V tng s tin c vn ln li l:
1
. x m mr = + ng.
Nhng sau nm th 2, s tin li l: ( )
2 1
. . . t x r m mr r = = +
( )
2
m r r = + . V tng s tin c
vn ln li l ( ) ( )
2
2 1 1 1
. 1 1 x x x r x r m r = + = + = + ng.
Sau nm th 3, tng s tin c vn ln li l ( ) ( )
3
3 2 2 2
. % 1 1 x x x r x r m r = + = + = + ng.
Nh vy, sau nm th n, tng s tin c vn ln li l ( ) 1
n
n
x m r = + ng.
7
Nu ch quan tm n s tin li (khng k vn) th sau nm th n , s tin li thu c
l ( )
1
1
. 1 .
n
n n
t x r m r r
= = + ng.

4.3. Tr li n (tin vay)
Gi s bn vay m ng vi li sut r%/nm. Bn mun tr dn tin li ngy cng
gim i, mi nm bn tr s ng.
Khi , sau 1 nm s tin n cn li l: ( )
1
1 x m r s = +
Sau 2 nm, s tin n cn li l ( ) ( ) ( )
2 1
1 1 1 x x r s m r s r s = + = + + (

( ) ( )
2
2
1 1 x m r r s s = + +
Sau 3 nm, s tin n cn li l ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 2
1 1 1 1 x x r s m r r s s r s
(
= + = + + +

( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
3
1 1 1 x m r r s r s s = + + + ( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
1 1 1 1 m r s r r
(
= + + + + +

Sau nm th n, s tin n cn li l ( )
1
1
n n
x x r s
= + .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 1
1 1 1 1 ... 1
n n
n
x m r s r r r

(
= + + + + + + + +

( )
( ) 1 1
1 .
n
n
r
m r s
r
+
= + .
V d 3: (MT11-0506)
Sinh vin Chu va trng tuyn i hc c ngn hng cho vay 4 nm hc, mi nm
2.000.000 ng hc ph, vi li sut u i 3%/nm. Sau khi tt nghip i hc, Chu
phi tr gp cho ngn hng s tin m (khng i) cng vi li sut 3%/nm trong vng 5
nm. Tnh s tin m hng thng Chu phi tr.
Hng dn gii:
S tin Chu vay v phi tr sau 1 nm (c vn ln li):
( )
1
1
2000000 1 3% T = + =
1
2000000.1, 03 ng.
S tin Chu vay v phi tr sau 2 nm :
( )
2 1
2000000 .1, 03 T T = + ( ) 2000000.1, 03 2000000 .1, 03 = +
( )
6 2
2.10 . 1, 03 1, 03 = + .
S tin Chu vay v phi tr sau 3 nm :
( )
3 2
2000000 .1, 03 T T = + =
( )
6 2 6
2
2.10 . 1, 03 1, 03 2.10 .1, 03
(
+ +

.
S tin Chu vay v phi tr sau 2 nm : ( )
4 3
2000000 .1, 03 T T = + .
( )
6 4 3 2
4
2.10 . 1, 03 1, 03 1, 03 1, 03 T = + + + 8618271, 62 = ng.
Nu mi thng Chu tr m ng, th mi nm Chu tr 12m ng.
Sau nm th 5, s tin n cn li ca Chu l:
( )
( )
5
5
5 4
1 3% 1
. 1 3% 12 .
3%
x T m
+
= +
( )
5 5
4
1, 03 . 400 1, 03 1 T m = .
tr ht n trong vng 5 nm ta phi c
5
0 x =
( )
5 5
4
1, 03 . 400 1, 03 1 0 T m =
( )
5
4
5
1, 03 .
156819, 9171
400 1, 03 1
T
m = =
(ng).
Vy, tr ht n trong vng 5 nm th mi thng Chu phi tr khong 156820 ng.
V d 4:(MT11-0708)
Theo chnh sch tn dng mi ca Chnh ph Vit Nam cho hc sinh, sinh vin vay vn
trang tri chi ph hc i hc, cao ng: mi sinh vin c vay ti a 800.000
8
ng/thng (8.000.000 /nm hc) vi li sut 0,5%/thng. Mi nm lp th tc vay hai
ln ng vi 2 hc k v nhn tin vay u mi hc k (mi ln nhn 4.000.000 ). Mt
nm sau khi tt nghip v c vic lm n nh mi bt u tr n. Gi s sinh vin A
trong 4 nm hc i hc vay ti a theo chnh sch v sau khi tt nghip 1 nm c
vic lm n nh v bt u tr n.
a) Nu phi tr xong n c vn ln li trong 5 nm th mi thng sinh vin A phi tr
bao nhiu tin ?
b) Nu tr mi thng 300000 ng th sinh vin A tr my nm mi ht n ?
Hng dn gii
Tng s tin n ca sinh vin (SV) sau na nm u hc i hc:
6 6
1
4.10 .1, 005 T = .
Sau 1 nm hc i hc:
( )
6 6
2 1
4.10 .1, 005 T T = +
( )
6 2.6 6
4.10 . 1, 005 1, 005 = +
Sau 1,5 nm hc i hc:
( )
6 6
3 2
4.10 .1, 005 T T = +
( )
6 3.6 2.6 6
4.10 . 1, 006 1, 005 1, 005 = + +
Sau 2 nm hc i hc:
( )
6 6
4 3
4.10 .1, 005 T T = +
( )
6 4.6 3.6 2.6 6
4.10 . 1, 005 1, 005 1, 005 1, 005 = + + +
Sau 4 nm hc i hc (8 hc k), s tin n ca SV l:
( )
6 6
8 7
4.10 .1, 005 T T = +
( )
6 8.6 7.6 6.6 6
8
4.10 1, 005 1, 005 1, 005 ... 1, 005 T = + + + + 36698986.02 = ng.
C cc quy trnh bm phm nh sau:
Quy trnh 1: Tnh tng
( )
6 8.6 7.6 6.6 6
8
4.10 1, 005 1, 005 1, 005 ... 1, 005 T = + + + + .
Nhp:
STO
1 X X + Alpha :
STO
6 6
4.10 .1, 005
X
A A + = Calc X? (nhp) 0 A?
Quy trnh 2: Tnh ln lt t
1
T ,
2
T n
8
T theo cc bc lp trn.
Nhp:
STO
1 X X + Alpha :
( )
STO
6 6
4.10 .1, 005 A A + = Calc X? (nhp) 0 A?
Cch khc: Dng hm
ca my fx 570ES:
Nhp:
8
6 6
1
4.10 .1, 005
X
x=
(

= . Kt qu: 36698986.02 = .
Mt nm sau khi hc xong i hc ( c vic lm), tng s n ca SV l:
( )
12
8
. 1 0, 5% 38962499.17 T T = + = ng.
a) Gi s mi thng SV tr m ng .
Sau 5 nm (tc 60 thng), s tin n cn li ca SV l:
60
60
5
1, 005 1
.1, 005 .
0, 005
x T m

=
( )
60 60
1, 005 . 200 1, 005 1 T m = .
tr ht n trong vng 5 nm ta phi c
5
0 x =
( )
60 60
1, 005 . 200 1, 005 1 0 T m =
( )
60
60
1, 005 .
753254, 2635
200 1, 005 1
T
m = =
(ng).
Vy, tr ht n trong vng 5 nm th mi thng SV phi tr khong 753254 ng.
9
b) Nu tr mi thng 300000 m = ng. V gi s SV tr ht s n 38962499.17 T =
ng trong vng n thng.
Ta c:
1, 005 1
0 .1, 005 .
0, 005
n
n
T m

=
( )
.1, 005 200 . 1, 005 1 0
n n
T m = .
Nhp phng trnh ny vo my tnh vi m, T c ri dng chc nng SOLVE gii
ta c 210,1311744 n (thng) 17, 5 (nm).
Vy SV , nu tr 300000 ng/thng th, phi tr gn 17 nm 6 thng mi ht n.
5. Tnh gi tr ca biu thc, ca hm s
V d 1:(MT11-0607) Cho biu thc ( )
4 4
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 2 16 16
; .
4 9 6 4 4
x y x y x y
B x y
x y x xy y x y
| | | | +
= +
| |
+ + +
\ \
.
Tnh gi tr ca ( ) 5;16 B v ( ) 1, 245;3, 456 B .
---------
Cch 1: Nhp biu thc cho vo my tnh sau dng chc nng CALC tnh.
Nhp:
4 4
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 2 16 16
.
4 9 6 4 4
x y x y x y
x y x xy y x y
| | +
+
|
+ + +
\
CALC X?(nhp) 5 = Y?(nhp) 16
= . Kt qu: ( ) 5;16 B =
286892
373, 0715215
769
= .
Bm tip: CALC X?(nhp) 1,245 = Y?(nhp) 3,456 = .
Kt qu: ( ) 1, 245;3, 456 33, 03283777 B =
Cch 2: Rt gn ( ) ; B x y trc khi tnh.
( ) ; B x y
( )
( ) ( )
3 3 2 2
4 4
2 2 2 2 2 2
4 7 18 4
16
.
4 4 9 6 4
x y xy x y
x y
x y x y x xy y
+
| |
=
|
+ + +
\
( )
3 3 2 2
2 2
4 7 18 4
9 6 4
x y xy x y
x xy y
+
=
+ +
.
Sau tip tc nhp v tnh nh cch 1.
Nhn xt:
1. Vi s tr gip ca MTCT ta nn nhp lun biu thc cho trnh c s sai st
trong qu trnh rt gn. Tuy nhin, nu biu thc qu di, khng nhp c ht vo mn
hnh MTCT th buc ta phi rt gn trc khi tnh.
2. Nu dng my fx 500MS, u tin ta nhp:
STO
5 X
STO
16 Y , tip theo nhp biu
thc ( ) ; B x y cho vo my tnh ri bm = . Ta c kt qu ( ) 5;16 B .
Nhp tip:
STO
1, 245 X
STO
3, 456 Y , ri bm (REPLAY) cho n khi mn hnh
MTCT hin th li biu thc ( ) ; B x y nhp th bm = .
Ta c kt qu ca ( ) 1, 245;3, 456 B .

10
V d 2:(MT11-0910) Tnh gi tr ca hm s ( ) f x ti 0, 75 x = :

5
3 2 3 3
3 2
2 sin cos
( )
2
tan cot 3sin 1 1
3
x x
f x
x
x x
+ +
=
| | | |
+ + +
| |
\ \

- - - - -
Hm ( ) f x l hm s 1 bin nn ta s dng tnh nng CALC tnh.
Lu , y 0, 75 x = c hiu l n v radian, do ta cn ci t MTCT vo ch
Radian ( SHIFT MODE 4 ) trc khi nhp biu thc ( ) f x .
Nhp biu thc :
5
3 2 3 3
3 2
2 sin cos
2
tan cot 3sin 1 1
3
x x
x
x x
+ +
| | | |
+ + +
| |
\ \
vo MTCT.
Bm : CALC X?(nhp) 0,75 = . Kt qu: 125,4510789
i chiu vi kt qu c tnh trn Maple 9.5:
> a:=(2^32+sin(x)^3+cos(x)^3)^(1/3)/(tan(cot(3*sin(2*x/3)^2+1)^3+x*sqrt(x)+1));
:= a
( ) + + 4294967296 ( ) sin x
3
( ) cos x
3
( ) / 1 3
|
\
|
|
|
|
tan + +
|
\
|
|
|
cot + 3
|
\
|
|
sin
2 x
3
2
1
3
x
( ) / 3 2
1

> evalf[16](subs(x=0.75,a));
-125.4510789038087

V d 3:(MT11-0910)
Bit:
3 2
4tan 19tan 37 tan 28 0
2
x x x x
| |
+ + + = < <
|
\
v
3
3sin 5cos 4
2
y y y

| |
= < <
|
\
.
Tnh:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3 2
3 2 4 3
2 3
3 2 2 3
cos cot sin cos
sin 2sin cot 3cos
x y x y
M
y x y x
+ +
=

Nhn xt:
Vi bi ny, yu cu chng ta phi tm gi tr ca ;
2
x

| |
|
\
tha mn phng trnh
3 2
4tan 19tan 37 tan 28 0 x x x + + + = v gi tr ca
3
;
2
y

| |
|
\
tha mn phng trnh
3sin 5cos 4 y y = , sau mi tnh c gi tr ca M.
tm x, ta nhp phng trnh
3 2
4tan 19tan 37 tan 28 0 x x x + + + = vo MTCT ri dng
chc nng SOLVE ( SHIFT CALC ) tnh.
Nhp: ( ) ( )
2
3
4tan(X) 19tan X 37 tan X 28 0 + + + = SHIFT CALC X? (nhp gi tr d) 2
= . Kt qu (i my tnh mt lt): 2, 089942441 X .
Ta bm tip : SHIFT STO X . (Gn nghim tm c vo X).
11
tm y, ta nhp phng trnh 3sin 5cos 4 y y = vo MTCT ri dng chc nng
SOLVE ( SHIFT CALC ) tnh.
Nhp: ( ) ( ) 3sin X 5cos X 4 = SHIFT CALC X? (nhp gi tr d) 4 = .
Kt qu (i my tnh mt lt): 3, 41600007 X .
Ta bm tip : SHIFT STO Y . (Gn nghim tm c vo Y).
Tip theo, nhp biu thc M vo my tnh:
Nhp:
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
3 2
3 2 4 3
2 3
3 2 2 3
cos X +1:tan Y sin X +cos Y
sin Y 2sin X 1:tan Y 3cos X
CALC X?(nhp) 2,089942441
= Y?(nhp) 3,41600007 = . Kt qu . Kt qu: 0,04000356761.
---
i chiu vi kt qu c tnh trn Maple 9.5:
>
restart;M:=(cos(x)^3+cot(y)^2)^3*(sin(x)^4+cos(y)^3)^2/((sin(y)^
3-2*sin(x)^2)^2*(cot(y)^2-3*cos(x)^3)^3);
:= M
( ) + ( ) cos x
3
( ) cot y
2
3
( ) + ( ) sin x
4
( ) cos y
3
2
( ) ( ) sin y
3
2 ( ) sin x
2
2
( ) ( ) cot y
2
3 ( ) cos x
3
3

> evalf[13](subs(x=2.089942441,y=3.41600007,M));
0.04000356754166

- - - -
Mt s lu :
- Vic chn gi tr X? nh trn ( 2 X = ) l v ;
2
x

| |
|
\
, tc ( ) 1, 57;3,14 x . MTCT
tm nghim nhanh chng thuc khong , ta nn chn gi tr my tnh d tm phi
thuc khong . trn, chn 2 x = ( ) 1, 57;3,14 . Cc em hc sinh c th chn gi tr
khc, chng hn: 2, 5 x = hoc 3 x = .
- Vi phng trnh 3sin 5cos 4 y y = , khi nhp vo my tnh ta phi nhp bin X (v t
hiu l Y), bi MTCT ch nh ngha phng trnh vi n l X m thi. V v nghim
cn tm
3
;
2
y

| |
|
\
tc ( ) 3,14; 4, 71 y nn ta chn gi tr d X? l 4 (cc em c th
chn cc gi tr khc thuc khong ( ) 3,14; 4, 71 , chng hn nh: 3,5 ; 4,5 ).
- Trong MTCT khng c hm cotan nn nhp cot x , ta nhp 1: tan x (tc l
1
tan x
). V
trong MTCT hm s sin
n
x c nhp l ( ) sin X
n
; tng t cho cc hm cn li.
V d 4:(MT11-1011) Cho 2 parabol:
2
1
: 2 5 P y x x = + v
2
2
: 4 3 P y x x = + .
Tm khong cch ngn nht t nh A ca
1
P n mt im bt k thuc
2
P .
12
nh ca
1
P : ( ) 1; 4 A .
Xt im B ty thuc
2
P c ta
( )
2
; 4 3 B x x x + .
Ta c khong cch t A n B: ( ) ( )
2
2
2
1 4 7 AB x x x = + + .
2 4 3 2
8 31 58 50 d AB x x x x = = + + .
Xt hm s ( )
4 3 2
8 31 58 50 f x x x x x = + + vi x .
Ta c ( )
3 2
4 24 62 58 f x x x x = + .
( ) 0 f x = c 1 nghim thc l
1
1, 857961603 x .
Bng bin thin ca hm s:
x

1
x

+
( ) f x
0 +
f(x)
+

( )
1
f x

+
T bng bin thin, suy ra hm s ( ) f x t gi tr nh nht ti
1
x .
( ) ( )
1
min 9, 857554576 f x f x = .
Vy khong cch ngn nht gia 2 im A, B l: ( )
min
min 3,139674279 AB f x = .

13
6. Tm nghim ca phng trnh, h phng trnh
V d 1:(MT11-0506) Cho cc hm s ( )
2
2
2 3 5
1
x x
f x
x
+
=
+
v ( )
4
2sin
1 cos
x
g x
x
=
+
.
a) Tnh gi tr cc hm hp ( ) ( )
g f x v ( ) ( )
f g x ti
3
5 x = .
b) Tm nghim gn ng ca phng trnh ( ) ( ) f x g x = trn khong ( ) 6; 6 .
- - - -
Nhp biu thc: ( ) ( ) f x g x vo my tnh v dng chc nng CALC.
Nhp:
( )
( )
2
4 2
2sin X
2X 3X 5
X 1
1 cos X
+
+
+
CALC X?(nhp) 6 = . V tnh tip vi gi tr
ca biu thc ti { } 5; 4; 3; 2; 1; 0;1; 2;3; 4;5; 6 X .
Tnh gi tr ca hm s ti mt s im trn khong ( ) 6; 6 , ta c bng sau:
x 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
f(x)g(x) 1,02 -0,75 -0,4 0,54 1,17 -1,45 -5 -1,55 0,03 2,06 3,57 4,21 2,6
T ta suy ra phng trnh ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 f x g x f x g x = = c nghim trn cc khong
( ) 6; 5 , ( ) 4; 3 , ( ) 2; 1 , ( ) 1; 2 .
Dng phm REPLAY sa biu thc ( ) ( ) f x g x nhp thnh phng trnh
( ) ( ) 0 f x g x = , sau dng tnh nng SOLVE gii.
Bm:
( )
( )
2
4 2
2sin X
2X 3X 5
X 1
1 cos
0
X
+
+
+
= SHIFT CALC .
- Nhp gi tr d X? = 1,5 ( tm nghim thuc khong ( ) 1; 2 ).
Ta c nghim:
1
1, 982768713 x
- Bm SOLVE. Nhp gi tr d X? = 1,5 ( tm nghim thuc khong ( ) 2; 1 ).
Ta c nghim:
2
1, 340078802 x
Ta c nghim:
3
3, 751306384 x
Ta c nghim:
4
5, 445157771 x .
Kt lun: Vy phng trnh c 4 nghim trn khong ( ) 6; 6 l:
1
1, 982768713 x ;
2
1, 340078802 x ;
3
3, 751306384 x ;
4
5, 445157771 x .
Ta c th kim chng bng th: (xem hnh)
Da vo th ta thy, th hm s ( ) y f x = v ( ) y g x = ct nhau ti 4 im A, B, C,
D trn khong ( ) 6; 6 nn phng trnh ( ) ( ) f x g x = c 4 nghim phn bit
1 2 3 4
; ; ; x x x x
tng ng l honh ca cc im D, C, B, A.
14

V d 2:(MT11-0405) Tnh gn ng (, pht, giy) nghim ca phng trnh
( )
2
sin 2 5 sin cos 2 x x x + = , bit sin cos x x > .
Nhn xt: Da vo ng trn lng gic, ta nhn thy khi
5
;
4 4
x
| |
|
\
th
sin cos x x > .
Do ta s d tm cc nghim ca phng trnh trong khong ny (sau cng thm
2 k ).
u tin, ta tm nghim ca phng trnh theo n v radian, sau i sang .
Vi
5
;
4 4
x
| |
|
\
, ta c ( ) 0, 785;3, 927 x . Nn ta s chn cc gi tr d nghim (X?) l :
0,7 ; 3,9; 1,5 ; 2,0; 2,5; 3,0 (radian).
- Bm SHIFT MODE 4 ci t my ch Radian.
- Nhp phng trnh: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
sin 2X 5 sin X cos X 2 + = SHIFT CALC X? (nhp gi
tr d) v bm = .
Chn gi tr d X? l 0,7 hoc 1,5 hoc 2 hoc 2,5 ta c nghim:
1
0, 940643492 x .
Chn gi tr d X? l 3,0 hoc 3,5 hoc 3,9 ta c nghim:
2
3, 771745488 x .
Nh vy, trn khong
5
;
4 4
| |
|
\
, phng trnh cho c 2 nghim nh trn.
i nghim ra n v , pht, giy:
1
53 53 42 x v
2
216 06 18 x
Cch 2:
Ci t MTCT n v (Degree), bm SHIFT MODE 3 .
Lc ny
5
;
4 4
x
| |
|
\
, tc l 45 225 x < < .
- Nhp phng trnh: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
sin 2X 5 sin X cos X 2 + = SHIFT CALC X? (nhp gi
tr d) v bm = .
15
Chn gi tr d X? l 45 , ta c nghim
1
53, 89490212 x .
Chn gi tr d X? l 225 , ta c nghim
2
216,1050979 x .
i ra , pht, giy (bm phm ) ta c:
1
53 53 42 x v
2
216 06 18 x .
Kt lun: Phng trnh cho c nghim:
53 53 42 .360 x k + v 216 06 18 .360 x k + , ( ) k .
V d 3:(MT11-0506) Tm nghim dng nh nht ca phng trnh
( ) ( )
3 3 2
sin cos 2 x x x = +
Ta s dng tnh nng SOLVE th d nghim xem sao nh !
V yu cu tm nghim dng nh nht nn ta c ngh s d tm nghim gn s 0
(tc chn gi tr d X? bng 0).
Hy th xem MTCT tnh th no ? , MTCT khng th gii c trong trng hp ny.
Vy th chn gi tr d X? l 0,1; 0,2; 0,3 xem sao ? (Cc em hy th xem nh !)
- Nu chn gi tr d X? l 0 v 0,2 th MTCT khng gii c.
- Nu chn gi tr d l 0,1 th MT cho kt qu nghim: x
1
5,525684895 (vi
LR=1,889.10
12
)
- Nu chn gi tr d X? l 0,3; 0,4; 0,5; 0,6; 0,7 ta c nghim: x
2
0,4196433776.
- Nu chn gi tr d X? l 1,0 ta c nghim: x
3
1,048124903.
So snh cc nghim trn, ta thy x
2
0,4196433776 l nghim dng nh nht.
Ta cn kim chng iu ny xem !
t ( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 2
sin cos 2 f x x x x = + . Ta s tnh mt s gi tr ca hm s trn [ ] 0;1 (
tm nghim dng nh nht).
Dng tnh nng TABLE ca my fx 570ES tnh cho nhanh.
Bm: MODE 7 , my yu cu nhp ( ) X f =.
Ta nhp tip (sau du =): ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 2
X sin X cos X 2X f = + = .
My yu cu nhp gi tr ban u (Start ?): 0 , bm = .
My yu cu nhp gi tr cui (End ?) : 1 , bm = .
My yu cu nhp khong cch gia cc gi tr ca X (Step?): 0,1 , bm = .
Ta c bng kt qu nh sau:
x 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0
f(x) 1 -0,994 -0,936 -0,711 -0,155 0,7653 0,6075 1,4086 0,2052 0,2953 1
Da vo bng kt qu trn ta c ( ) ( ) 0, 4 . 0, 5 0 f f < nn phng trnh ( ) 0 f x = c t nht
mt nghim trn khong ( ) 0, 4; 0, 5 .
Nh vy, nu chn gi tr d X? l mt s trn khong ny (0,4) th ta s c nghim
dng nh nht cn tm.

7. Cc bi ton v a thc
V d 1:(MT11-0506) Cho a thc ( )
5 4 3
6 450 P x x ax bx cx = + + + + , bit ( ) P x chia ht
cho cc nh thc 2; 3; 5 x x x . Hy tm gi tr ca a, b, c v nghim ca a thc.
Ch : Mt a thc ( ) P x chia ht cho nh thc ax b + 0
b
P
a
| |
=
|
\
(tc
b
x
a
= l
nghim ca ( ) P x ).
16
Theo gi thit bi ton, ta c 2; 3; 5 x x x = = = l nghim ca ( ) P x . Do ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) 2 3 5 0 P P P = = = .
Ta c h phng trnh:
5 4 3
5 4 3
5 4 3
6.2 .2 .2 .2 450 0
6.3 .3 .3 .3 450 0
6.5 .5 .5 .5 450 0
a b c
a b c
a b c
+ + + + =
+ + + + =
+ + + + =
4 3 5
4 3 5
4 3 5
2 2 2 450 6.2
3 3 3 450 6.3
5 5 5 450 6.5
a b c
a b c
a b c
+ + =
+ + =
+ + =

Dng chc nng gii h phng trnh 3 n ca MTCT gii h trn.
Nhp: MODE 5 2 , ri ln lt nhp cc h s a, b, c, d ca mi phng trnh trong h.
Ta c nghim:
1830
31
a = ;
5001
31
b = ;
15315
31
c = .
Ln lt chia ( ) P x cho 2; 3; 5 x x x theo cng thc Horne, ta c:
H s

Nghim
6
1830
31
a =
5001
31
b = 0
15315
31
c = 450
2 6
1458
31

2085
31

4170
31
225 0
3 6
900
31

615
31
75 0
5 6
30
31
15 0
Suy ra: ( ) ( )( )( )
2
30
2 3 5 6 15
31
P x x x x x x
| |
= +
|
\
.
( )
{ }
2
2;3;5
0
30
6 15 0
31
x
P x
x x

+ =
{ } 2;3;5
1, 502548965
1, 663839288
x
x
x

.
Vy, ( ) P x c 5 nghim nh trn.
V d 2: (MT11-0607)
Cho a thc ( )
3 2
P x ax bx cx d = + + + , c ( ) ( ) 1 27; 2 125 P P = = ; ( ) 3 343 P = ; ( ) 4 735 P = .
a) Tnh ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 ; 6 ; 15 ; 2006 P P P P .
b) Tm d ca php chia ( ) P x cho 3 5 x .
a) Bc 1: Gii nh v d 1 tm cc h s a, b, c, d ca ( ) P x .
T gi thit ( ) ( ) 1 27; 2 125 P P = = ; ( ) 3 343 P = ; ( ) 4 735 P = , ta c h:
3 2
3 2
3 2
3 2
.1 .1 .1 27
.2 .2 .2 125
.3 .3 .3 343
.4 .4 .4 735
a b c d
a b c d
a b c d
a b c d
+ + + =
+ + + =
+ + + =
+ + + =
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
3 2
3 2
27
2 1 2 1 2 1 125 27
3 1 3 1 3 1 343 27
4 1 4 1 4 1 735 27
a b c d
a b c
a b c
a b c
+ + + =
+ + =

+ + =
+ + =
.
Gii 3 phng trnh cui trong h trn, ta tm c 9; 6; 17 a b c = = = .
Suy ra ( ) 27 5 d a b c = + + = .
Vy ( )
3 2
9 6 17 5 P x x x x = + + .
Nhp a thc ny vo MTCT v dng chc nng CALC ta tnh c:
( ) 1 25 P = ; ( ) 6 2257 P = ; ( ) 15 31975 P = ; ( )
10
2006 7, 267412426.10 P = .
17
Bm tip: Ans 7,26741242.10
10
= 57.
Ni kt qu ny (57) vo kt qu tr (s tr) ta c: ( ) 2006 72674124257 P = .
b) V 3 5 x l nh thc bc nht, nn d ca php chia ( ) P x cho 3 5 x l mt hng s m.
Gi s ( ) ( ) ( ) . 3 5 P x Q x x m = + , ta c
5 5
.0
3 3
P Q m
| | | |
= +
| |
\ \
5
3
m P
| |
= =
|
\
245
3
.
Vy d ca php chia ( ) P x cho 3 5 x bng
245
3
.
18
Chuyn 01 : Hm s v gi tr ca hm s
Bi 1:(MT11-0809) Cho hm s ( )
3
3
6 3
x
y f x
x
= =
+
.
Tnh tng:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 3 ... 100 S f f f f = + + + + .
Bi 2:(MT11-0506) Cho cc hm s ( )
2
2
2 3 5
1
x x
f x
x
+
=
+
v ( )
4
2sin
1 cos
x
g x
x
=
+
.
a) Tnh gi tr cc hm hp ( ) ( )
g f x v ( ) ( )
f g x ti
3
5 x = .
b) Tm nghim gn ng ca phng trnh ( ) ( ) f x g x = trn khong ( ) 6; 6 .
Bi 3:(MT11-0607) Xt dy hm s:
( ) ( )
1 2 2
.sin 2 2
.cos 3 1
x x
f x f x
x x
+
= =
+
; ( ) ( ) ( )
2
f x f f x = ; ( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
f x f f x = ; ( ) ( ) ( )
1 n n
f x f f x
= .
Tnh ( )
2
2006 f , ( )
14
2006 f , ( )
15
2006 f , ( )
20
2006 f , ( )
31
2006 f .
Suy ra: ( )
2006
2006 f v ( )
2007
2006 f .
Bi 4:(MT11-0607) Cho biu thc ( )
4 4
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 2 16 16
; .
4 9 6 4 4
x y x y x y
B x y
x y x xy y x y
| | | | +
= +
| |
+ + +
\ \
.
Tnh gi tr ca ( ) 5;16 B v ( ) 1, 245;3, 456 B .
Bi 5:(MT11-0708) Cho cc hm s ( )
2
. 3 2 f x a x x
= + v ( ) .sin 2 g x a x = . Tm gi tr
ca a tha mn h thc ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 2 f f g f = .
Bi 6:(MT11-0910) Tnh gi tr ca hm s ( ) f x ti 0, 75 x = :

5
3 2 3 3
3 2
2 sin cos
( )
2
tan cot 3sin 1 1
3
x x
f x
x
x x
+ +
=
| | | |
+ + +
| |
\ \

Bi 7:(MTCT11-0910) Tm ta giao im ca ca th hai hm s
4 2
3 4 y x x = +
v
2
2
2 5
2
x x
y
x
+ +
=
+
.
Bi 8:(MT11-0910) Cho bit:
3 2
4tan 19tan 37 tan 28 0
2
x x x x
| |
+ + + = < <
|
\
v
3
3sin 5cos 4
2
y y y

| |
= < <
|
\
.
Tnh:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3 2
3 2 4 3
2 3
3 2 2 3
cos cot sin cos
sin 2sin cot 3cos
x y x y
M
y x y x
+ +
=

Bi 9:(MT12-0506) Cho hm s
2
2
2 5 3
3 1
x x
y
x x
+
=
+
.
a) Xc nh im cc i, cc tiu ca th hm s v khong cch gia 2 im .
b) Xc nh ta im M thuc th, bit ( ) 0
M
y x = .
Bi 10:(MT12-0607)
1. Tnh gn ng GTLN, GTNN ca hm s
sin 2
2
cos 1
1
x
e x x
y
x
+ +
=
+
trn on [ ] 0;1 .
19
2. Cho hm s
4 3 2
2 3 6 10 5 y x x x x = + + c th ( ) C . Vit phng trnh tip tuyn
ca ( ) C dng y ax b = + i qua im ( ) 1; 5 M .
Bi 11:(MT12-0708) Tnh gn ng ta im ( )
0 0
; M x y thuc th hm s
2
2
2 5
3 4
x
y
x x
+
=
+ +
, bit ( )
0
0 y x = .
Bi 12:(MT12-0708) Xc nh cc h s a, b, c ca a thc ( )
3 2
2007 f x ax bx cx = + +
bit khi chia ( ) f x cho 6 x c s d l 29938 v khi chia cho
2
10 21 x x + c d
l
10873
3750
16
x (kt qu ly chnh xc). Tm a, b, c v tnh khong cch gia im cc
i v cc tiu ca th hm s ( ) f x .
Bi 13:(MT12-0809)
1. Cho hm s ( )
3
2
6log 3
x
y f x
x
= =
+
.
Tnh tng ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 3 ... 100 S f f f f = + + + + .
2. Tnh gn ng khong cch gia 2 im cc tr ca th hm s
2
2
2 5
3 4
x
y
x x
+
=
+ +
.
3. Tnh gn ng GTLN, GTNN ca hm s
( ) ( )
( )
2
3 sin cos 2 3 cos 2 3 3 f x x x x = + + + . (t sin cos t x x = + )
Bi 14:(MT12-0910)
1. Tnh gi tr ca hm s ( ) f x ti 0, 75 x = , vi
( ) ( )
2
3 3 3
2
2
2 sin cos
( )
log tan 1 1
x
x
x x
f x
e x x
+ +
=
+ + +
.
2. Tnh gn ng gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca hm s:

2
4 3 5 2 y x x x = + + .
Bi 14:(MT11-1011) Cho 2 parabol:
2
1
: 2 5 P y x x = + v
2
2
: 4 3 P y x x = + .
Tm khong cch ngn nht t nh A ca
1
P n mt im bt k thuc
2
P .

20
Chuyn 02 : Phng trnh, h phng trnh.
Bi 1:(MT11-0405) Tnh gn ng (, pht, giy) nghim ca phng trnh
( )
2
sin 2 5 sin cos 2 x x x + = , bit sin cos x x > .
Bi 2:(MT11-0506) Tm nghim dng nh nht ca phng trnh
( ) ( )
3 3 2
sin cos 2 x x x = +
Bi 3:(MT11-0506) Tm cp s ( ) ; x y nguyn dng tha mn phng trnh
( )
2
5
3 19 72 240677 x x y = .
Bi 4:(MT11-0607) Tm cp s t nhin ( ) ; x y tha mn phng trnh
4 3 2
x y xy = .
( )
2
sin 2 4 sin cos 3 x x x + + =
( )
( )
2
3 sin cos 2 3 cos 2 3 3 x x x + = +
Bi 7:(MT12-0910) Tnh gn ng nghim ca h phng trnh:
2
3
2
3 log 12
27 log 25
x
x
y
y
+ =
.
Bi 8:(MT12-1011) Tnh gn ng nghim (, pht, giy) ca phng trnh sau:
3 2
cos 4 cos3 23cos 79cos 23cos 20 0 x x x x x + + + + = .

21
Chuyn 03 : Cc Bi ton v a thc
Bi 1:(MT11-0506) Cho a thc ( )
5 4 3
6 450 P x x ax bx cx = + + + + , bit ( ) P x chia ht cho
cc nh thc 2; 3; 5 x x x . Hy tm gi tr ca a, b, c v nghim ca a thc.
Bi 2:(MT11-0607)
Cho a thc ( )
3 2
P x ax bx cx d = + + + , c ( ) ( ) 1 27; 2 125 P P = = ; ( ) 3 343 P = ; ( ) 4 735 P = .
a) Tnh ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 ; 6 ; 15 ; 2006 P P P P .
b) Tm d ca php chia ( ) P x cho 3 5 x .
Bi 3:(MT11-0809) Cho a thc ( )
3 2
8 18 6 g x x x x = + + .
a) Tm gi tr ca a, b, c ca ( )
3 2
f x x ax bx c = + + + , bit khi chia ( ) f x cho ( ) g x th
c d l ( )
2
8 4 5 r x x x = + + .
b) Vi a, b, c tm c, hy tnh chnh xc gi tr ca ( ) 2008 f .
c) Vi a, b, c tm c, hy tnh gn ng h s gc ca tip tuyn ca th hm s
( ) y f x = i qua im ( ) 0;3 B . (MT12-0809)
Bi 4:(MT11-0910) Cho a thc ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 20
( ) 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 P x x x x x = + + + + + + + +
a) Tnh gn ng
2
3
P
| |
|
\
.
b) Tm h s chnh xc ca s hng cha
5
x trong khai trin v rt gn ( ) P x .
Bi 5:(MT11-1011)
Cho a thc bc 6: ( )
6 5 4 3 2
P x x ax bx cx dx ex f = + + + + + + nhn cc gi tr bng 6; 5;
0; 9; 22; 39 ln lt ti cc gi tr tng ng ca x l 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6.
a) Hy tm mt biu thc xc nh ( ) P x m khng cn tnh cc h s ca a thc.
b) Tnh ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 15 ; 25 ; 32 ; 45 ; 122 P P P P P vi gi tr ng.
Bi 6:
22
Chuyn 04 : Cc Bi ton v Dy s
Bi 1:(MT11-0405)
1. Cho dy s ( )
n
u xc nh bi h thc
( )
1 2 3
1 2 3
1; 2; 3
2 3 4
n n n n
u u u
u u u u n

= = =
= + +
.
a) Tnh gi tr
4 5 6 7
; ; ; u u u u .
b) Vit quy trnh bm phm lin tc tnh gi tr ca
n
u vi 4 n .
c) S dng quy trnh trn, tnh gi tr ca
20 22 25 28
; ; ; u u u u .
2. Cho
( ) ( )
1 2 3
...
2.3 3.4 4.5 1 2
n
n
S
n n
= + + + +
+ +
, n.
a) Tnh chnh xc
10
S ra phn s hoc h s.
b) Tnh gn ng
16
S .
Bi 2:(MT11-0506)
1. Cho dy s ( )
n
u vi ( )
1
2 2 2 2
1 2 3 1
1 ... 1
2 3 4
n
n
n
u
n
+
= + + + , 1 n .
a) Tnh chnh xc
4 5 6
; ; u u u di dng phn s.
b) Tnh gi tr gn ng ca
20 25 30
; ; u u u .
c) Nu quy trnh bm phm tnh gi tr ca
n
u .
2. Cho dy s ( )
n
u xc nh bi
1
1 2 2
1
2 3 neu le
1; 2;
3 2 neu chan
n n
n
n n
u u n
u u u
u u n
+
+
+
+
= = =

+
.
a) Tnh gi tr ca
10 15 21
; ; u u u .
b) Gi
n
S l tng ca n s hng u tin ca dy s ( )
n
u . Tnh
10 15 20
; ; S S S .
Bi 3:(MT11-0607)
1. Tnh gn ng gi tr biu thc
3 3
3
2 2
1 3 57
1 2 ... 29
2.3 4.5 58.59
P
| | | |
| |
= + + +
| | |
\
\ \

2. Cho dy s
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 ... 1
2 4 8 2
n n
u
| || || | | |
=
| | | |
\ \ \ \
. Tnh
5
u (chnh xc) v gi tr gn
ng ca
10 15 20
; ; u u u .
3. Cho dy s
1
1
2
2
u = + ;
2
1
2
1
2
2
u = +
+
;
3
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
u = +
+
+
;
1
2
1
2 ...
1
2
2
n
u = +
+ +
+
.
Tnh chnh xc gi tr ca
5 9 10
; ; u u u v gi tr gn ng ca
15 20
; u u .
Bi 4:(MT11-0708)
1. Tnh tng
1 2 3 99 100
...
2.3 3.4 4.5 100.101 101.102
S = + + .
2. Cho hai dy s ( ) ( ) ,
n n
u v xc nh bi:
1 1
1
1
1; 2
22 15
17 12
n n n
n n n
u v
u v u
v v u
+
+
= =
, 1 n .
a) Tnh gi tr ca
5 10 15 18 19
; ; ; ; u u u u u v
5 10 15 18 19
; ; ; ; v v v v v .
b) Nu quy trnh bm phm lin tc tnh
1 n
u
+
v
1 n
v
+
theo
n
u v
n
v .
c) Lp cng thc truy hi tnh
1 n
u
+
theo
n
u v
1 n
u

, tnh
1 n
v
+
theo
n
v v
1 n
v

.
23
3. Cho dy s c s hng tng qut ( ) ( ) ( )
sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 sin(2 ... sin 2
n
u = , n ln
ch sin. Tm
0
n vi mi
0
n n th
n
u gn nh khng thay i (ch xt n 10 ch s
thp phn). Nu quy trnh bm v cho bit gi tr ca
0
n
u .
Bi 5:(MT11-0809) Cho 2 dy s ( ) ( ) ,
n n
u v c s hng tng qut:
( ) ( )
5 2 3 5 2 3
4 3
n n
n
u
+
= ;
( ) ( )
7 2 5 7 2 5
4 5
n n
n
v
+
= .
Xt dy s 2 3
n n n
z u v = + , ( ) , 1 n n .
a) Tnh gi tr chnh xc ca
1 2 3 4
; ; ; u u u u v
1 2 3 4
; ; ; v v v v .
b) Lp cng thc truy hi tnh
2 n
u
+
theo
1 n
u
+
v
n
u ; tnh
2 n
v
+
theo
1 n
v
+
v
n
v .
c) T 2 cng thc truy hi trn, vit quy trnh bm phm lin tc tnh
2 2 2
; ;
n n n
u v z
+ + +

theo
1 1
; ; ;
n n n n
u u v v
+ +
. Ghi li gi tr ca
3 5 8 9 10
; ; ; ; z z z z z .
Bi 6:(MT11-0910) Cho dy hai s
n
u xc nh nh sau:
2
1 1 1
1; 5 8 ( 2, 3, 4,...)
n n n
u u u ku n

= = + = , k l s nguyn dng cho trc.
a) Chng t rng ch c mt gi tr k b hn 30 cho cc gi tr ca dy s u nguyn. Khi
tnh chnh xc cc gi tr
10; 11 12 13
; ; . u u u u
b) Vi gi tr k tm c cu a), lp cng thc truy hi tnh
2 n
u
+
theo
1 n
u
+
v
n
u . Chng
minh cng thc .
Bi 7:(MT11-1011)
1. Cho dy s ( )
n
u vi
1 2
3
1; 1
2!
u u = = + ;
3
3 5
1
2! 3!
u = + ;
4
3 5 7
1
2! 3! 4!
u = + ; ... ;
3 5 7 9 11
1 ...
2! 3! 4! 5! 6!
n
u = + + + (n s hng).
Tm
0
n vi mi
0
n n th
n
u c phn nguyn v 9 ch s thp phn sau du phy l
khng i. Tnh gi tr
2010
u . Vit quy trnh gii.
2. Cho dy s ( )
n
u vi
3
1 2 3
1; 2; 2 3 u u u = = = + ;
3 4
4
2 3 4 u = + + ;
Tnh gi tr ca
7 8 9 15 20 2010
; ; ; ; ; u u u u u u (kt qu ly 10 ch s). Nu quy trnh bm phm
lin tc tnh
n
u (vi 7 n > ).
24
Chuyn 05 : Cc Bi ton v S hc, suy lun Logic
Bi 1:(MT11-0405)
1. Cho 3 s: 1193984; 157993; 38743 A B C = = =
a) Tm c s chung ln nht ca ba s A, B, C.
b) Tm b s chung nh nht ca ba s A, B, C.
2. Tm s t nhin n b nht sao cho
16 19
2 2 2
n
+ + l s chnh phng.
3. Bit ngy 01/01/1992 l ngy Th T (Wednesday) trong tun. Hy cho bit ngy
01/01/2005 l ngy th my trong tun ? (Bit nm 2000 l nm nhun)
Bi 2:(MT11-0506)
1. Kim tra xem s M=11237 c phi l s nguyn t khng ? Nu quy trnh bm phm
bit s M c nguyn t hay khng.
2. Tm cc c s nguyn t ca s
5 5 5
1897 2981 3523 N = + + .
3. Tm ch s hng n v ca s
2006
103 A =
4. Tm ch s hng trm ca s
2007
29 B = .
Bi 3:(MT11-0607)
1. Phn tch cc s sau thnh tha s nguyn t: 252633033 v 8863701824.
2. Tm cc ch s a, b, c, d sao cho 567abcda l s chnh phng.
3. Tm ch s l thp phn th
2007
11 k t du phy ca s thp phn v hn tun hon
ca s hu t
10000
29
A = .
4. Tm cc s t nhin n sao cho
3
54756 15
n
a n = + cng l s t nhin. Bit
2000 60000 n < < .
Bi 4:(MT11-0708)
1. Tm hai s nguyn dng x sao lp phng ca x l s c dng
3
44...44 x = . Nu quy
trnh bm phm.
2. Tm s t nhin nh nht c 3 ch s abc bit
3 3 3
abc a b c = + + . C my s abc nh
vy ? Nu s lc cch tm.
Bi 5:(MT11-0809)
1. Tm cc s aabb bit ( )( ) ( ) ( ) 1 1 x 1 1 aabb a a b b = + + . Nu quy trnh bm phm
tm c kt qu.
2. Tm s t nhin n nh nht sao cho
3
777.....777 n = . Nu s lc cch gii.
Bi 6:(MT11-0910)
1. Tm cc ch s hng n v, hng chc v hng trm ca s t nhin
2010
9
2 A = .
2. Trong ngy thi gii ton trn my tnh cm tay (20/12/2009), bn Bnh bn Chu
tm s nguyn x nh nht sao cho khi bnh phng ln th c mt s nguyn c 4 ch
s u l 2012 v 4 ch s cui l 2009. Em hy gip bn Bnh tm s x ny v vit
chnh xc s
2
x . Nu s lc cch gii.
25
Chuyn 06 : Bi ton Li sut
Bi 1:(MT11-0405)
a) Bn An gi tit kim mt s tin ban u l 1.000.000 vi li sut 0,58%/thng (khng k
hn). Hi An phi gi my thng th c c vn ln li bng hoc vt qu 1.300.000 ?
b) Vi cng s tin ban u v cng s thng , nu An gi tit kim c k hn 3 thng vi li
sut 0,68%/thng, th An s nhn c s tin c vn ln li l my ? Bit rng trong cc thng
ca mi k hn ch cng thm li ch khng cng vn v li thng trc tnh li thng sau.
Ht mt k hn, li s c cng vo vn tnh li trong k hn tip theo (nu cn gi tip),
nu cha ht k hn m rt tin th s thng d so vi k hn s c tnh theo li sut khng
k hn.
Bi 2:(MT11-0506)
a) Sinh vin Chu va trng tuyn i hc c ngn hng cho vay 4 nm hc, mi nm
2.000.000 ng hc ph, vi li sut u i 3%/nm. Sau khi tt nghip i hc, Chu phi
tr gp cho ngn hng s tin m (khng i) cng vi li sut 3%/nm trong vng 5 nm. Tnh
s tin m hng thng Chu phi tr.
b) B bn Bnh tng cho bn y mt b my vi tnh hiu FPT tr gi 5000000 ng bng cch
cho Bnh tin hng thng theo phng thc: thng u tin Bnh nhn 100000 ng, mi thng
sau t thng th hai tr i nhn c hn thng trc 20000 ng. Bnh mun chn phng
thc mua tr gp hng thng vi li sut 0,75%/thng c my tnh lin. Hi Bnh phi tr ht
n t nht my thng ?
Bi 3:(MT11-0607) Li sut ca tin gi tit kim ca mt s ngn hng hin nay l
8,4%/nm i vi tin gi c k hn mt nm. khuyn mi, mt ngn hng A a ra dch
v: Nu khch hng gi tit kim nm u th li sut 8,4%/nm, sau li sut nm sau tng
thm so vi nm trc l 1%. Hi nu gi 1.000.000 ng theo dch v th s thu c s
tin bao nhiu sau: 10 nm; 15 nm ? Nu s lc cch gii.
Bi 4:(MT11-0708) Theo chnh sch tn dng mi ca Chnh ph Vit Nam cho hc sinh,
sinh vin vay vn trang tri chi ph hc i hc, cao ng: mi sinh vin c vay ti a
800.000 ng/thng (8.000.000 /nm hc) vi li sut 0,5%/thng. Mi nm lp th tc vay
hai ln ng vi 2 hc k v nhn tin vay u mi hc k (mi ln nhn 4.000.000 ). Mt nm
sau khi tt nghip v c vic lm n nh mi bt u tr n. Gi s sinh vin A trong 4 nm
hc i hc vay ti a theo chnh sch v sau khi tt nghip 1 nm c vic lm n nh v
bt u tr n.
a) Nu phi tr xong n c vn ln li trong 5 nm th mi thng sinh vin A phi tr bao nhiu
tin ?
b) Nu tr mi thng 300.00 ng th sinh vin A tr my nm mi ht n ?
Bi 5:(MT11-0809) Li sut gi tit kim ca mt s ngn hng thi gian va qua lin tc
thay i. Bn Chu gi s tin ban u l 5 triu ng, vi li sut 0,7%/thng. Cha y 1 nm
th li sut tng ln 1,15%/thng trong na nm cn li. Chu tip tc gi, sau na nm li
sut gim xung cn 0.9%/thng v Chu tip tc gi mt s thng trn na. Khi rt tin Chu
c c vn ln li l 5747478,359 ng. Hi Chu gi tit kim c my thng ? Nu s
lc quy trnh bm phm gii.
Bi 6: (MT11-0910) Bc An gi tit kim s tin ban u l 20 triu ng theo k hn 3
thng vi li sut 0,72%/thng. Sau mt nm, bc An rt c vn ln li v gi li theo k hn 6
thng vi li sut 0,78%/thng. Gi ng mt s k hn 6 thng v thm mt s thng na th
bc An phi rt tin trc k hn sa cha nh c s tin l 29451583,0849007 ng
(cha lm trn). Hi bc An gi bao nhiu k hn 6 thng, bao nhiu thng cha ti k hn v
li sut khng k hn mi thng l bao nhiu ti thi im rt tin ? Bit rng gi tit kim c
k hn th cui k hn mi tnh li v gp vo vn tnh k hn sau, cn nu rt tin trc k
hn, th li sut tnh tng thng v gp vo vn tnh thng sau. Nu s lc quy trnh bm
phm trn my tnh gii.

26
Chuyn 07 : Cc Bi ton Hnh hc
Bi 1:(MT11-0405) Cho t din SABC c ( ) SA ABC , 8 , 15 , 12 SB cm SC cm BC cm = = = ,
gc gia hai mt phng ( ) SBC v ( ) ABC bng 68 52 . Tnh gn ng din tch ton
phn ca t din SABC.
Bi 2:(MT11-0506)
1. Cho t gic ABCD c 3, 84 AB BC CD cm = = = , 10 AD cm = , gc
32 13 48 ADC = .
Tnh din tch v cc gc cn li ca t gic ABCD.
2. Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c cnh y bng 12, 54cm, cc cnh bn hp vi
y mt gc 72 = .
a) Tnh th tch khi cu ( )
1
S ni tip hnh chp S.ABCD (l hnh cu tm I v tip xc
trong vi cc mt ca hnh chp).
b) Tnh din tch thit din ca hnh cu ( )
1
S ct bi mt phng ( ) P i qua cc tip
im ca ( )
1
S vi cc mt ca hnh chp. (Bit mi tip im l hnh chiu ca I ln cc
mt ca hnh chp, tm ca hnh trn thit din l hnh chiu H ca I ln (P))
Bi 3:(MT11-0607) Mt ngi dn c cnh ng c hnh trn, bn knh 100 R m = , y
c khng c khong no trng. ng ta buc mt con b vo cy cc trn mp cnh
ng. Tnh di si dy buc sao cho b ch n c ng mt na cnh ng c.
Bi 4:(MT11-0708)
1. Cho tam gic ABC vung ti ( ) 1;3 A c nh, cc im B, C di chuyn trn ng
thng d i qua 2 im ( ) ( ) 3; 1 , 4;1 M N . Bit gc
30 ABC = . Tnh ta ca B ?
2. Cho tam gic ABC c ( )
3 1
9; 3 , ;
7 7
A B
| |

|
\
, ( ) 1; 7 C .
a) Vit phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca ng trn, bit tip tuyn i qua im ( ) 4;1 M .
3. Cho ng gic u ABCDE ni tip trong ng trn ( ) ; O R , 3, 65 R cm = . Tnh din
tch phn hnh trn ng knh AB khng b che ph bi ( ) ; O R .
Bi 5:(MT11-0809)
1. Cho 3 ng thng
1
: 3 5 0 d x y + = ,
2
: 2 3 6 d x y = ,
3
: 2 3 d x y + = . Gi A, B, C ln
lt l giao im ca
1
d vi
2
d ,
2
d vi
3
d ,
3
d vi
1
d .
a) Tm ta cuae A, B, C (vit dng phn s).
b) Tnh gn ng h s gc ca ng phn gic trong gc A ca tam gic ABC v ta
giao im D ca ng phn gic vi cnh BC.
c) Tnh gn ng din tch hnh phng gia ng trn ngoi tip v ng trn ni tip
tam gic ABC.
2. Cho hnh chp ng gic u S.ABCDE c cnh y 6, 74 a cm = , cnh bn 9, 44 b cm = .
a) Tnh din tch xung quanh ca hnh chp v th tch khi chp.
b) Tnh gn ng s o (, pht, giy) ca gc hp bi mt trung on vi y.
c) Tnh din tch ca thit din khi ct hnh chp bi mt phng ( ) P cha AB v phn
gic ca gc to bi trung on mt bn SAB v hnh chiu vung gc ca trung on
xung mt y.
Bi 7:(MT12-0607) Gi s mt phi hnh gia ang l lng trn ng ni lin gia A l
tm tri t (bn knh 6400 a km ) v B l tm mt trng (bn knh 1740 b km ). Khong
cch ngn nht t tri t n mt trng khong 384.000km (l khong cch ngn nht
27
gia 2 im trn ng thng AB, mt im thuc b mt tri t, mt im thuc b
mt ca mt trng). Xc nh ta ca v tr phi hnh gia (trn trc c gc A v i qua
B, hng AB) sao cho tng din tch ca phn b mt tri t v mt trng ng ta nhn
thy c l ln nht.
Bi 8:(MT12-0708)
1. Tm chiu di b nht ca ci thang n c
th ta vo tng v mt t ngang qua ct
cao 4m, t song song v cch tng 0, 5m.
(xem hnh v)

2. Cho hnh chp thp gic u c y ni tip trong ng trn bn knh 3, 5 r cm = ,
chiu cao 8 h cm = .
a) Tnh din tch xung quanh ca hnh chp v th tch ca khi chp .
b) Tnh th tch phn gia hnh cu ni tip v hnh cu ngoi tip hnh chp cho.
Bi 9:(MT11-0910)
1. Cho t din ABCD c AB = 12 dm; AB vung gc vi mt (BCD); BC = 7 dm; CD =
9 dm v gc CBD = 52
0
.
a) Tnh gn ng th tch v din tch ton phn ca t din ABCD.
b) Tnh gn ng bn knh mt cu ngoi tip t din ABCD v s o (, pht, giy)
ca gc gia hai mt phng (SCD) v (BCD). Cho bit: Mt cu ngoi tip t din l
mt cu c tm cch u 4 nh ca t din mt on bng bn knh.
2. Mt chu nc hnh bn cu bng nhm c bn knh 10 R cm = , t trong mt khung hnh
hp ch nht (hnh 1). Trong chu c cha sn mt khi nc hnh chm cu c chiu cao
4 h cm = . Ngi ta b vo chu mt vin bi hnh cu bng kim loi th mt nc dng ln va
ph kn vin bi (hnh 2). Tnh bn knh ca vin bi (kt qu lm trn n 2 ch s l thp phn)
Cho bit cng thc tnh th tch khi chm cu ca hnh cu (O, R), c chiu cao h l:
2
hom
3
c cau
h
V h R
| |
=
|
\

Hnh 1 Hnh 2
Bi 10:(MT11-1011)
1. a). Chng t rng elip ( )
2 2
: 1
25 9
x y
E + = l hp ca hai th ca hai hm s ( )
1
y f x = v
( )
2
y f x = . Xc nh hai hm s .
b). Tnh gn ng ta giao im ca ng trn ( ) C c tm ( ) 5;3 I , bn knh 2 R = vi
elip (E) ni trn.
0,5m
ct
4m
thang
mt t
tng
28
2. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho t gic ABCD ngoi tip ng trn tm I c ( ) 4;1 A ,
( ) 1; 3 B , ( ) 1; 4 D v cnh CD i qua im ( ) 3; 0 E .
a) Tnh gn ng ta tm I ca ng trn ni tip t gic ABCD.
b) Tnh din tch t gic ABCD.
Bi 11:(MT11-1011)
Mt my bay ang bay vi vn tc 256 / v km h = theo phng nm ngang. Bit khi ang
v tr
1
O cao h th phi cng nhn thy (t pha trc) mt vt c nh A di mt
t theo gc
1
25 28 38 = so vi phng thng ng v sau 15s , my bay n v tr
2
O phi cng li nhn thy (t pha trc) vt c nh A theo gc
1
25 28 38 = so vi
phng thng ng. Tnh h ?
Bi 11:(MT12-1011) Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thang vung ti A, D;
4 AD AB a = = ; 2, 56 CD a dm = = ; mt bn SAD l tam gic vung cn ti S v vung gc
vi mt y; gc hp bi mt bn SBC v mt y l 72 = .
a) Tnh gn ng th tch khi chp S.ABCD.
b) Tnh gn ng gc gia hai mt phng ( ) SAD v ( ) SBC .
29
Chuyn 08 : Cc Bi ton Thng k, T hp, Xc sut.
Bi 1:(MT11-0607)
Khai trin biu thc
( )
15
2
1 2 3 x x + + ta c a thc ( )
2 30
0 1 2 30
... P x a a x a x a x = + + + + . Tnh
gi tr biu thc
0 1 2 3 29 30
2 4 8 ... 536870912 1073741824 E a a a a a a = + + + .
Bi 2: (MT11-0809)
1. Trong t kho st cht lng u nm, im ca cc lp 11A, 11B, 11C nh sau:
im 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3
11A 16 14 11 5 4 11 12 4
11B 12 14 16 7 1 12 8 1
11C 14 15 10 5 6 13 5 2
a) Tnh im trung bnh ca mi lp.
b) Tnh phng sai, lch chun ca bng im mi lp v cho bit trong ba lp trn
lp no hc u hn.
2. Tm x bit
2 8 5
20 2 1 3
33479022340
x x
x x
C A P x x
+
+ = .
3. Tm h s ca s hng cha
6 17 28
; ; x x x trong khai trin nh thc
30
3 5
2
1
x
x
| |
+
|
\
.
Bi 3:(MT11-1011)
1. Theo kt qu iu tra dn s, dn s trung bnh nc Vit Nam qua mt s nm (n
v: 1000 ngi) nh sau:
Nm 1976 1980 1990 2000 2010
S dn 49160 53722 66016,7 77635 88434,6
a) Tnh t l tng dn s trung bnh mi nm trong cc giai on 1976 1980; 1980
1990; 1990 2000; 2000 2010. Kt qu ly chnh xc n 4 ch s sau du phy. Gi
s t l % tng dn s trugn bnh mi nm khng i trong mi giai on.
b) N c duy tr t l tng dn s nh giai on 2000 2010 th n nm 2015 v nm
2020 dn s ca Vit Nam khong bao nhiu ngi ?
c) km hm tng dn s, ngi ta ra phng n: K t nm 2010, mi nm
phn u gim bt x% so vi t l % tng dn s ca nm trc (ngha l, nu nm nay
t l tng dn s l a% th nm sau l (a x)% ). Tnh x s dn nm 2015 l 92,744
triu ngi. Kt qu ly chnh xc n 4 ch s sau du phy. Nu s lc quy trnh
bm phm tnh.
2. im mn Ton ca hai t hc sinh lp 11A
1
c ghi trong bng sau:
6 10 5 8 10 4 6 8 10 8
H s 1
8 4 2 9 3 4 7 9 10 7
9 3 9 9 3 5 8 9
T 1
H s 2
4 4 3 6 7 7 8 10
8 9 6 5 9 9 7 6 3 7
H s 1
8 2 4 6 10 10 8 5 4
9 6 4 10 8 2 4 10
T 2
H s 2
5 4 9 10 3 7 9 5
a) Tnh im trung bnh cng mn ton mi t.
b) Tnh phgn sai, lch chun ca cc dy im ton ca mi t.
Bi 4:(MT11-1011) Cho biu thc ( )
2 20
1 1 1
2 2 ... 2 P x x x x
x x x
| | | | | |
= + + + + + +
| | |
\ \ \
.
Tm h s ca s hng khng cha x trong khai trin v rt gn biu thc ( ) P x .
30
Mt cch tip cn thi i hc vi s tr gip ca my tnh cm tay.
By lu nay, phng trnh lng gic l mt phn khng th thiu trong cc thi i
hc. Mc d phn ny khng thuc loi kh nhng mun lm tt loi bi tp dng ny
i hi hc sinh phi nm vng kin thc c bn v lng gic (cc cng thc v cch
vn dng cng thc) cng nh cch gii cc phng trnh lng gic c bn, phng
trnh lng gic thng gp.
iu kh khn vi nhiu hc sinh l do phn lng gic c hc lp 11, n lc n
thi i hc th hc sinh phi n tp li v c li tt c (mt lng ln) cc dng bi tp
c bn.
gip hc sinh c mt hng t duy, tip cn phng trnh lng gic tm ra cch
gii mt cch nhanh chng ti xin gii thiu vi cc em hc sinh v qu bn c cch
s dng my tnh cm tay, mt cng c rt gn gi vi cc em hc sinh, tm ra p
n v hng gii cho mt s dng phng trnh lng gic trong cc thi i hc.
V d 1: Gii phng trnh
2
cos 2 1
cot 1 sin sin 2
1 tan 2
x
x x x
x
= +
+
.
( TSH khi A nm 2003)
Vic u tin l tm iu kin xc nh:
cot x c ngha l sin 0 x ; tan x c ngha l cos 0 x ; v 1 tan 0 x + .
Nhp phng trnh vo my tnh. Ri bm Shift Calc (Solve).
Chn gi tr d: X? nhp 0, ri bm = my tnh d tm nghim.
Kt qu (my tnh): 0,7853981634.
Bm tip: Shift x10
x
( tc l ), c kt qu: 0,25.
Tc ta c mt nghim ca phng trnh l 0, 25
4
= .
T ta c nhng hng phn tch phng trnh nh sau:
Hng 1: Nghim
4
x

= , do
2
sin cos
2
x x = = . Nh th, ta c th phn tch phng
trnh v dng tch c cha tha s 2sin 2 x hoc 2cos 2 x .
Hng 2: Theo hng 1, t
2
sin cos
2
x x = = , suy ra sin cos 0 x x = , ta c th ngh n
vic phn tch thnh tha s sin cos x x .
Hng 3: Nghim
4
x

= , do tan 1 x = . Nh th ta c th phn tch phng trnh v
dng tch c cha tha s tan 1 x .
Nhn xt:
cos cos sin
cot 1 1
sin sin
x x x
x
x x
= = c cha tha s cos sin x x .

( )( )
2 2
cos sin cos sin
cos 2 cos sin
sin cos sin
1 tan
1
cos cos
x x x x
x x x
x x x
x
x x
+
= =
+
+
+
( ) cos cos sin x x x = cng c cha
tha s cos sin x x .
Nh vy, ta c th ngh n vic phn tch s hng cn li
2
1
sin sin 2
2
x x theo hng
to ra dng tch cha tha s cos sin x x .
Ta c
2
1
sin sin 2
2
x x ( )
2
1
sin .2sin .cos sin sin cos
2
x x x x x x = = .
31
Vy ta s gii phng trnh cho theo Hng 2, nh sau:
Li gii:
2
cos 2 1
cot 1 sin sin 2
1 tan 2
x
x x x
x
= +
+
2 2
2
cos cos sin 1
1 sin .2sin .cos
sin
sin 2
1
cos
x x x
x x x
x
x
x
= +
+

( ) ( )
cos sin
cos cos sin sin sin cos
sin
sin .cos 0
tan 1
x x
x x x x x x
x
x x
x

= +

( ) ( )
2
cos sin sin cos cos sin sin sin cos
sin .cos 0
tan 1
x x x x x x x x x
x x
x
= +

( )( )
2
cos sin 1 sin cos sin 0
sin .cos 0
tan 1
x x x x x
x x
x
+ =
2
cos sin 0
1 sin cos sin 0
sin .cos 0
tan 1
x x
x x x
x x
x
=
+ =

2
2 2
cos sin
1 sin sin
0
cos cos cos
sin .cos 0
tan 1
x x
x x
x x x
x x
x
=
+ =
2
tan 1
2tan tan 1 0
sin .cos 0
tan 1
x
x x
x x
x
=
+ =
tan 1 x =
4
x k
= + .
Nu khai thc theo Hng 3, v ch
2
2 2
2 1
sin 2 ; cos 2
1 1
t t
x x
t t
= =
+ +
vi tan t x = ta c
li gii sau:
2
cos 2 1
cot 1 sin sin 2
1 tan 2
x
x x x
x
= +
+
( )
cos 2 1 1
cot 1 1 cos 2 sin 2
1 tan 2 2
x
x x x
x
= +
+
(*)
Phng trnh (*) vit theo tan t x = nh sau:
2
2
2
2 2
1
1 1 1 1 2
1
1 1 .
1 2 1 2 1
t
t t
t
t t t t
| |
+
= +
|
+ + +
\
( )
2 2
2 2
1 1 2
1 1 1
.
1 2 1
1 0
t t t
t t
t t t
t
+

= +

+ +

( )
2 2
1
1 1
1 1
1
t t
t t
t t t
t

= +
+ +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 1 1 . 1
1; 0
t t t t t t
t t
+ = +

( )( )
2
1 2 1 0
1; 0
t t t
t t
+ =
1 t = .
Vy phng trnh cho tng ng vi tan 1
4
x x k
= = + .
Nhn xt: Hng 1 kh khai thc bi l cc tha s 2sin 2 x hoc 2cos 2 x c
cha h s bng 2 m trong khi cc s hng trong phng trnh cho khng c!

32
2 2
cos 3 .cos 2 cos 0 x x x = .
Nhp phng trnh vo my tnh, ri SOLVE vi gi tr d nghim X? bng 0, hoc
bng 1, ta u c kt qu ca nghim 0 x = . (do cos 1 x = )
Hn na, trong phng trnh cc s hng u cha hm cosin. Nh vy ta ngh n vic
bin i phng trnh v dng tch c cha tha s cos 1 x .
Ch :
3
cos3 4cos 3cos x x x = ;
2
cos 2 2cos 1 x x = .
Ta c li gii ca phng trnh (theo Hng nu trn):
2 2
cos 3 .cos 2 cos 0 x x x =
( ) ( )
2
3 2 2
4cos 3cos 2cos 1 cos 0 x x x x =
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2
cos . 4cos 3 . 2cos 1 cos 0 x x x x =
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
cos . 4cos 3 . 2cos 1 1 0 x x x
(
=
(

(*)
t
2
cos , 0 t x t = , phng trnh (*) vit theo t nh sau:
( ) ( )
2
. 4 3 . 2 1 1 0
0
t t t
t
(
=
( )
3 2
. 32 64 42 10 0
0
t t t t
t
+ =

3 2
0
32 64 42 10 0
0
t
t t t
t
=
+ =
( ) ( )
2
0
1 . 32 32 10 0
0
t
t t t
t
=
+ =
0
1
t
t
=

Vy, phng trnh cho tng ng vi
2
2
cos 0 cos 0
sin 0
cos 1
x x
x
x
= =

=
=

sin .cos 0 x x = sin 2 0 x = 2
2
x k x k

= = .
( ) ( )
2 2
1 sin cos 1 cos sin 1 sin 2 x x x x x + + + = + .

-0.785398163; 1,570795882 (d x=1); 1,570796704 (d x=2)
33

Nhp:
STO
3 2
7 A A +
(Replay) Calc A? (nhp)
1 = {Syntax Error}
(Replay) = ...

CALC
SHIFT

ALPHA
()
x
2
+ 7 SHIFT

RCL ()

BD HSG MTCT11

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S GIO DC V O TO THA THIN HU

TRNG THPT NG TRN CN

= . Kt qu: 2931, 789482 S

= = c cha tha s cos sin x x .

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