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CHNG 1
Cc k hiu biu din lu thut ton, cch biu din cc cu trc iu khin r
nhnh, cu trc lp v cc k thut lin quan n lu thut ton.
I.
TM TT L THUYT
K HIU
DIN GII
Bt u chng trnh
Lung x l
iu khin la chn
Nhp
Xut
Tr v gi tr (return)
Trang 3
Lu thut ton
a.
Cu trc tun t
Tun t thc thi tin trnh. Mi lnh c thc thi theo mt chui t trn
xung, xong lnh ny ri chuyn xung lnh k tip.
a, b, c
a=a+1
b=b+1
c=c+1
a, b, c
KET THUC
Trang 4
Lu thut ton
b.
Cu trc la chn
im quyt nh cho php chn mt trong hai trng hp.
if
Ch xt trng hp ng.
Bieu thc
ieu kien
ung
n>0
ung
n = n+1
KET THUC
Trang 5
Lu thut ton
ifelse
Xt trng hp ng v trng hp sai.
Sai
Bieu thc
ieu kien
ung
c.
Cu trc lp
Thc hin lin tc 1 lnh hay tp lnh vi s ln lp da vo iu kin.
Lp s kt thc khi iu kin c tha.
Trang 6
Lu thut ton
ieu
kien lap
ung
Sai
i=1
i n
ung
i
Sai
i=i+1
KET THUC
Trang 7
Lu thut ton
d.
Cc v d
Trang 8
Lu thut ton
BAT AU
a, b, c
Sai
a=0
ung
Sai
Nghiem
x=-b/a
b 0
Vo So
Nghiem
ung
Vo
Nghiem
KET THUC
1 3 5
2n + 1
+ + + ... +
2 4 6
2n + 2
, vi n>0
Trang 9
Lu thut ton
BAT AU
i=0
S=0
t=1
m=2
i <= n
Sai
ung
S = S + t/m
t=t+2
m=m+2
i = i +1
KET THUC
, vi n>0
BAT AU
i=1
S=0
dau = 1
i <= n
Sai
ung
S = S + dau*i
dau = -dau
i = i +1
KET THUC
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Lu thut ton
II. BI TP
V lu thut ton sau
II.1. Bi tp c bn
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Tnh n!,
7.
8.
Tnh S (n) = 1 + 3 + 5 + L + (2 n + 1) ,
9.
vi n > 0
10.
vi n > 0
11.
Tnh S (n) = 12 + 2 2 + 3 2 + L + n 2 ,
12.
Tnh S (n) = 1 + + + L + ,
13.
1
2
1
3
1
n
vi n 0
vi n 0
vi n > 0
vi n > 0
1
1
1
,
+
+L+
1+ 2 1+ 2 + 3
1+ 2 + 3 +L+ n
vi n > 0
14.
Tnh P ( x, y ) = x y .
15.
Tnh S (n) = 1 + (1 + 2) + (1 + 2 + 3) + L + (1 + 2 + 3 + L + n) ,
vi n > 0
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
Cho s nguyn dng x. Kim tra xem x c phi l s hon thin khng?
Trang 11
Lu thut ton
Tnh S (n) = 1 + 2 2 + 33 + L + n n ,
Tnh
Tnh
vi n 0
1 2 3
n
+ + +L+
2 3 4
n +1 ,
vi n > 0
S ( n) = 1 +
1 1
1
+ +L+
2! 3!
n! ,
vi n > 0
S ( n) = 1 +
1+ 2 1+ 2 + 3
1+ 2 + 3 +L+ n
+
+L+
2!
3!
n!
,
S ( n) =
28.
Tnh
29.
2
Gii v bin lun phng trnh: ax + bx + c = 0
30.
31.
vi n > 0
32.
vi n > 0
vi n > 0
III. KT LUN
Lu thut ton rt hu ch trong vic m t cch gii quyt ca mt bi ton.
Vic m t ny rt trc quan thng qua cc k hiu hnh hc, y l giai on u
tin trc khi bt tay vo lp trnh trn mt ngn ng lp trnh c th.
Khi xy dng lu thut ton, chng ta cn ch mt vi im sau:
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