The 20 century

th

And a little bit of the 19th and 21st C

Flaudette May V. Datuin
Revised schedule

 January 30 – 20th Century part 2

 February 2 – exam part 2 (blue book)
 February 6 – postmodernism
 February 9 – Artist/curator talk, FC
Conference Hall. Distribution of Exam
Part 3 (take home)
 Avant-garde
modernism
Challenges to empirical and optical “Realism”
or MIMESIS (Greek, Renaissance)
Experimentation in Form and Explosion of
styles
Challenge to tradition: avant-garde “leading
the way”
19th century: politically progressive or social
groups
Modernism

An international “trend” - last years of the 19th

C – 20th
Innovation and experimentation
Rejection of “realism” (mimesis, optical or
empirical fidelity or accuracy, etcetera)
Distinctions

 Modernity as a historical stage

 Modernization as a social process
 Modernism as a cultural process that
coincides with the development of
capitalism
Modernity: Context of modernism

 Radical transformation of western

experience
 The city: urbanization
 Technology: industrialization
 Global conflict: World War 1
 Challenge to and assertion of individual
autonomy
Challenges to
Realism

Subject matter
Subject and subject matter

19th century

Courbet,
Millet
Daumier
ROMANTICS
 Manet: 1884

U S
LO
D A
Olympia
A N
SC
Challenge to French Academic
Art
Luncheon on the Salon de Refuses
Grass
technology
 The modern city

Munch/Murder
on the Street

De Chirico
Melancholy
Balla/Automobile, Dog on a Leash and Mystery
Futurist: Movement on the Street
George Segal
Mark Justiniani
Lea Padilla
Social Realism: US

Hopper/Nighthawks
Tooker/The Subway
Social Realism: the Mexicans

Gods of the Modern World

 Social Realism: the Mexicans

Diego Rivera Nunelucio Alvarado

Philippines
Nunelucio Alvarado
Sanggot
Siquieros
Tooker/Cristina’s World
 S
e

Sebastiao Salgado, Children's ward in the

b

Dorothea Lange, Migrant a

s

Korem refugee camp, Ethiopia,1984

t

Mother, Nipomo, California i

a
o

1936 D
o
S
a
r
l
o
g
t
a
h
d
e
o
a
,
L
C
a
h
n
i
g
l
e
d
,
r
Ofelia Gelvezon-Tequi

(Photos courtesy the artists)

 Li Zhanyang
Photo Courtesy Dick Daroy

Araya Rasdjarmrearnsook
(Photo courtesy the artist)
Migrant worker
 Migrant worker

Liang Shuo

Photo courtesy Dick Daroy

Modernity:
tensions
 environmental
degradation

Nunelucio Alvarado
Styles

 Futurism: movement, technology

 Surrealism: another reality
 Expressionism: intense emotion,
intensely personal, dark, morbid
Surrealism

Dali/Persistence of Memory
Surrealism

De Chirico/Melancholy of a Beautiful Day

Chagall
Yo Y La Villa
Klee/Coffin and Donkeys
Miro
Miro
 Patricia Piccinnini

21st century: 2003 Venice Biennal

Patricia
Piccinnini
Patricia Piccinnini
Patricia
Piccinnini
Patricia Piccinnini
Patricia Piccinnini
Patricia Piccinnini
Stephanie Arambulo Delacruz
My name is Barbie. I am custom made.
Digital print
2003
Self and Solidarity:

Maria
Cristina
Valdezco
M
a
r
Strengthening the Core
 Anti Pope
Ernst/Napoleon in the Desert
Yves Tanguy/Through
birds, through fire, but
not through the glass
Expressionism

Edvard Ensor
Expressionism

Van Gogh
Munch
Madonna
The Scream
Puberty
Crucifixion
 Modernism
 Artist’s
engagements
with problems of
modernity, e.g.
Painter of
Modern Life
(Baudelaire)
 avant-garde

Mark Justiniani
Challenges to
Realism

FORM
formal self-consciousness

Edades

Lao Lianben
Ang Kiukok
Disintegration of form
Impressionism: Monet

“painterly” brushstrokes
Shimmering, “soft-lighted surfaces
Light and color
Pointillist: Seurat
Van Gogh/Irises, Wheatfield
Laundry Girls Ironing

Degas/Ballet
Dancers
Pisaro
Renoir
Renoir
 Highly personal
use of Color

Woman with Hat

Fauvism: Matisse

Large Red Interior

Gauguin

Hail Mary
Primitivism
Edades/Interactions
 Utamaru

Toulouse-Lautrec
 “the cube, the sphere and the
cylinder
SHAPE

Still Life with Apples

Mt. Saint Vitoire

Cubism: Cezanne
 Braque

Synthetic cubism

Analytic cubism
 Social Realist

Guernica
Manansala/Kahig
Transparent cubism
Magsaysay-Ho
Tawanan
Tintoretto (Jacopo Robusti), Christ at the Sea of Galilee, c. 1575-80, [160 k,] oil on canvas, 46 x 66 1/4 inches
(117 x 168.5 cm), National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC.
Mannerism in value, exaggerated contrasts

View of Toledo
El Greco (Domenikos Theotokopoulos)
(Greek, 1541–1614)
Oil on canvas; 47 3/4 x 42 3/4 in. (121.3 x
108.6 cm)
H. O. Havemeyer Collection, Bequest of
Mrs. H. O. Havemeyer, 1929 (29.100.6)

The painter's given name was Domenikos

Theotokopoulos. In Toledo, where he lived
for nearly forty years, he was known as "El
Greco" (the Greek). This view is the only
independent landscape by the artist that
survives. He has imaginatively reconfigured
the city, showing the cathedral not in its
actual position but to the left of the Alcázar
palace.
 Saint Jerome as Cardinal, ca. 1610–14
El Greco (Domenikos Theotokopoulos)
(Greek, 1541–1614)
Oil on canvas; 42 1/2 x 34 1/4 in. (108 x 87
cm)
Robert Lehman Collection, 1975
(1975.1.146)

Mannerism of gesture, with hands calling attention to themselves

 Futurism

Balla/Automobile, Dog
on a Leash
Futurist: Movement
Duchamp
Nude Descending a Staircase
 Art Deco

 Period between the

world wars
 Combines art
nouveau and cubism
 Fragmentation and
abstraction

Adam and Eve/Tamara de Lempicka

Optical
figurative

Cubism, impressionism: analytical,

scientific
Expressionism: “emotional”
Surrealism, social realism: context
of modernity
And Job Was Also Man
Martino Abellana

Formal innovations
Engagement with
social realities

(Photo from Cebu online website)

The Human form
Auguste Rodin
The Kiss
Durer

Tamara de Lempicka
Klimt

Human form
starts to
fragment
 Reduction and
simplification of the
human form

Constantin Brancusi
 Reduction and
simplification of the
human form

Napoleon Abueva
Mother and Child
Henry Moore
Recumbent Figure
Juan Gris
Portrait of Picasso
Duchamp
Nude Descending a Staircase
 Anita
Magsaysay-Ho
Fish Vender
1997
 Picasso
Demoiselle
D’Avignon
Ivan Albright/Into The
World Come a Soul
Called Ida
Gauguin
Where Are We? Where did we come from? Where are we going?
Giacometti
Man Pointing
Man Striding
 crisis of the subject

Munch/The Scream