IKI20210 Pengantar Organisasi Komputer Kuliah no.

1: Pendahuluan
Sumber: 1. Hamacher. Computer Organization, ed-5. 2. Materi kuliah CS61C/2000 & CS152/1997, UCB.

14 Februari 2003 Bobby Nazief (nazief@cs.ui.ac.id) Qonita Shahab (niet@cs.ui.ac.id)

bahan kuliah: http://www.cs.ui.ac.id/kuliah/iki20210/
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IKI20210 Pengantar Organisasi Komputer

Mata kuliah ini mengajarkan dasar-dasar organisasi komputer sekuensial, yang terdiri dari komponen-komponen: input, output, memori, dan prosesor (kontrol dan datapath), melalui pemrograman dengan bahasa assembly.

Prasyarat:
Pengantar Sistem Digital Konsep Pemrograman I

Bobot:
3 SKS

Buku Acuan:
V. Carl Hamacher, dkk. Computer Organization. Edisi ke-5. McGraw-Hill, 2002. David Patterson & John Hennessy. Computer Organization & Design: The Hardware/Software Interface. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.
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Administrasi Perkuliahan Penilaian:

Tugas: UTS: UAS: 30% 30% 40% (5 tugas pemrograman + PR)

Jadwal Kuliah:
Rabu: 8:00 9:40 WIB Jumat: 8:00 8:50 WIB

Jadwal Ujian:
UTS: 16 April 2003

UAS: 9 - 20 Juni 2003

Organisasi Sistem Komputer

Organisasi Sistem Komputer

Application (Netscape) Operating Compiler System Assembler (Windows 98)
Processor Memory I/O system Datapath & Control Digital Design Circuit Design
transistors

20210
Instruction Set Architecture

Software Hardware

Koordinasi dari berbagai tingkat abstraksi

Tingkat-tingkat Abstraksi Organisasi Komputer Application S/W

MS Word computer as electronic type-writer

MS Excel computer as electronic calculator

System S/W
Compilers computer as translator (source to executable program)

Operating Systems computer as machine that executes programs, stores files, prints content of files to printers, communicate with other computers

Instruction Set
What basic operations can be carried out What, where, and how data can be stored & retrieved in/from memory How can data be exchanged to the outside world

Computer H/W
The 5 components: Datapath, Control, Memory, Input, Output
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Tingkat-tingkat Bahasa Pemrograman A = 25;

High Level Language Program (e.g., C) Compiler Assembly Language Program (e.g.,AVR) Assembler Machine Language Program (AVR) Machine Interpretation Control Signal Specification

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B = 8; 20210 C = A * B;
lds lds add sts
0000 1010 1100 0101 1001 1111 0110 1000 1100 0101 1010 0000

r1, 0x100 r2, 0x102 r1, r2 0x104, r1

1010 0000 0101 1100 1111 1001 1000 0110 0101 1100 0000 1010 1000 0110 1001 1111

0110 1000 1111 1001

Organisasi Bahasa Pemrograman Java

Java Language

byte code
Java Virtual Machine
JVM dapat langsung berhubungan dgn h/w

Operating System

Computer H/W

5 Komponen Utama Komputer

Computer Processor (active) Control (brain) Datapath (brawn) Memory (passive) Devices Input

Keyboard, Mouse
Disk
(where programs, data live when not running)

(where programs, data live when running)

Output

Display, Printer

Contoh-contoh (Organisasi) Komputer

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Contoh: Komputer Berbasis Pentium

Processor/Memory Bus

PCI Bus

I/O Busses
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Contoh: Komputer Berbasis SPARCstation20 TI SuperSPARCtm TMS390Z50 in Sun SPARCstation20

SuperSPARC
Floating-point Unit Integer Unit L2 $ CC MBus DRAM Controller MBus Module

Inst Cache

Ref MMU

Data Cache Store Buffer

L64852 MBus control

M-S Adapter STDIO
serial kbd mouse audio RTC Boot PROM Floppy

SBus
SBus
DMA

SCSI Ethernet

Bus Interface

SBus Cards

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Contoh: Microcontroller AT90S8515

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Struktur (Umum) Interkoneksi Antar-Komponen

Proc Caches Processor-Memory Bus adapters Memory Controllers I/O Devices: Disks Displays Keyboards I/O Bus

Networks

Semua komponen memiliki organisasi & antar-muka

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Outline Materi Kuliah Konsep-konsep Dasar

Stored Program Computer Instruction Set

Set Instruksi/Pemrograman Input/Output Memori Aritmatika Prosesor

Datapath Control Unit

Pipeline
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Generasi Komputer
I: 46 57: UNIVAC 1103
Bahasa Rakitan Vacuum Tube 40.000 instruksi/detik

II: 58 64: IBM 7094

Bahasa Tingkat Tinggi (Fortran, Cobol), Kompilator Transistor I/O & Processor Parallelism 200.000 instruksi/detik Sistem Operasi Small- & Medium-scale Integrated Circuit (IC) Cache & Virtual Memory, Microprogramming, Pipelining, Parallelism 1.000.000 instruksi/detik

III: 65 71: IBM System/360, DEC PDP-8

IV: 72 77: Apple IIe, IBM PC

Large Scale Integrated Circuit (LSI) Microprocessor, PC 10.000.000 instruksi/detik

IV: 78 : 80286 Pentium IV, MIPS, Sparc, PowerPC

Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit (VLSI) 100.000.000 instruksi/detik
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Tren Teknologi

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Tren Teknologi: Kapasitas Mikroprosesor

100000000

10000000

Moores Law
1000000

Pentium i80486

Transistors

i80386 100000 i80286

Alpha 21264: 15 million Pentium Pro: 5.5 million PowerPC 620: 6.9 million Alpha 21164: 9.3 million Sparc Ultra: 5.2 million

i8086 10000 i8080 i4004 1000 1970 1975 1980 1985 Year 1990 1995 2000

2X transistors/Chip Every 1.5 years

Called Moores Law

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Tren Teknologi: Kinerja Prosesor

900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
DEC Alpha 21264/600

1.54X/yr

DEC Alpha 5/500 DEC HP Sun MIPSMIPSIBM AXP/ 9000/ -4/ M M/ RS/ 500 750 260 2000 120 6000 DEC Alpha 5/300 DEC Alpha 4/266 IBM POWER 100

87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97

Processor performance increase/year, mistakenly referred to as Moores Law (transistors/chip)

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Tren Teknologi: Kapasitas Memori (1 Chip DRAM)

year 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1996 2000 size(Megabit) 0.0625 0.25 1 4 16 64 256

size

1000000000

100000000

10000000

Bits

1000000

100000

10000

1000 1970 1975 1980 1985 Year 1990 1995 2000

Now 1.4X/yr, or doubling every 2 years 4000X since 1980

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Teknologi Komputer Perubahan Dramatis Prosessor

2X lebih cepat setiap 1,5 tahun 100X lebih cepat dalam dekade terakhir

Memori
Kapasitas DRAM: 2x / 2 years Kecepatan Memori: meningkat 10% per tahun

Biaya per bit: membaik 25% per tahun

Kapasitas meningkat 64X dalam dekade terakhir

Disk
Kapasitas disk: > 2X setiap 1,0 tahun

Biaya per bit: membaik 100% per tahun

Kapasitas meningkat 120X dalam dekade terakhir

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Bicycle Computer (Embedded)

P. Brain Heart Rate Speed Altitude

wireless heart monitor strap record 5 measures: speed, time, current distance, elevation and heart rate Every 10 to 60 sec. 8KB data 33 hours Stores information so can be uploaded through a serial port into PC to be analyzed

Dramatic change !!!

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