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p~'~~DD_',
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~'an_~'ya1',""'MamnDi. Thlefe 'b-,s, :recendy' been ,d~ 'U-S~'~lili:O::-'I'-. mIl,,- 1"1 c:~ar.,~.,a,'_'ll"id_- 110-1 his p'O: s· '1~'iIoii inI -iii-.' "·-D.'d~- I L "',:: ;'II!"C. '~'O'D 11101,-L,C-' I'-w--I-=-' ilat_·._ ~~ '0'1 ,y. II IW. _, .' _ 11iU.~, '.'In ''"'-, -' " C" --:- '.. --:'' ,- '";1 _:__: , 111,- _'_I-I_iIIIC-' '",-'. - C Ii'·',o,as, 0,'f'-I,,'I,,',BlS-bD _:_,, 'it 1'-' --:-'0- ::i....,111-d~-V"I ,_I~_: _ -1"D,i: '.... d-- Th' --. -, - T::'-I '_'__:_.'. C'ODI_I~ --:-_:_POI_~,_' I'
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Apart frlom, the doctrirud diflerenc=s:,. we, ,shaD .xamine 'his POS:i'tiOD,

&I'~!!JU;''''_I'

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1i

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IGaIVPUllIIJPfll1J V'I~d,:_n'",D,_ /[,:8 ~- s 'bolm, =-1KIl/j.4,31 Q1-,'" p,i--a ICO,TrlIre~IO:' -!dbll •. .. Ilot L'I,_" -, .'.. Y.· ar I, 2,61:8;"1 ,and II t, :Ita,t -:d -'0' :~a,VI_ rl ~ e _ ' '&I..J VI:_dl'~r ,Ilittle 10;- '-:- ,- cal~~1;'lc e n:t1uL,_ '" j,n f-:- c't 1to I,Yj
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pc-rilod tbe,rlefore wlould 1-;: ,A.D'" 1216:8 t,O .,- '.' -,: 3i 619 ",0,., 'Nayil1&ra ,- I'ry:l, :9, 1~'ld '10 .ba,-e bee " bom In (b-' 4,S:1b y 1-_:: 101f' III .. :~ -~';r, :=-quiv:aI,_,:_~t 1&0 I.1.3 llil, 'c: =-d bi' l=-a,', lh Oir life ,i:s =-'D, ,_cJD.._ -! 1 SOl , ',-'-I'-,-:-·:vaIa: ll--I-~I"I"'~~:, 9 9' - - C"="I 'l8ki:q 'bim '1101 .- "ear _ I 'al _ ,of birtb, ,is, rcali '441'12:.coD"~"-~-olndi,~ '10 A~ I~,I,3:7 0 a - d ,~..~ ,~, ' d,'Ur~_i,oID,of" . ,i's 7:3 yl_ are, 'I~ hi:: b~_ '=ID, tal A=D,,1.4,4,.~'I,.,Th,_"
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Is saird

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ofi:nte,rpre!tati'on.in oel1a,in polnts, I:no 'the ma,tler' ,~:n, dispute betw'eeD, one ofth:t discipl,esofManavala ..Mamuni and A'DIl'_,:n 'WIB,BS t,o 'which W'I,S: the correct :m,ter p~.l'lel,atiol,n, ,Pr,oiYok,cd, by ,tb_: c,hl:U~n.e thus 'thrOW,D. atthe teaching of V'edillita, Desika, ,An:n,l,n composed Sllp',tlJ'./j?O,RaID'i'm:allks', 'the jlewel garland ,o,f' ~.leve'Dty in pr:a,~,s~ 'Vedanta Desika, describi,qg his 'work. and of' '~L-'ac:binig,and recited ,it, in p'l,escnce 'O:f God Ransaaalba,; ,p'u'tting,it 'to 'tR,O God hiIDs,elf'to appto've of 'what, is stated ,io,the: poem :if be 'WIS,WlDD,g., The s!'tory Is that.I'hi:s: appeal tothe G,od mlc:t with 'tbe G-ad's l,pp,roy,liI, ,IJld put the cOirr'~CtDes:I,ofVedanll :Dc,s,ikaas 'teachi,ng: beyoll,d dispule
W'ft,S, ,a,d,ifier-ence
I '

I!

"

Th:is, incident co,uld .have taken place Orol!,i,nth'B lUe of 'Nay,iDara!ch~ya hbnseIfand even of,Anuao ..Mulvala-,Mamum:' s d,l~ ef birth is, ,giv'!eo as A,~D., 13,7(1 He was ,a maD IDccupy,inl! ,I secular pi"· osition, and had renounced ...it ,and,became Sanl!llsl" and set 'UPias a.~eacher cQ,mparaliviely late in,life,., He Icould .ot'thercfoI-e ha've cormc"to, teach. in ,Srirangam,m.uch, ,eatliel'th;anlh.e end o:ftbe firs!!, q,'uart.er~iof the 'l .5~h,cont;Ql1 .. Accordio,B to this ,l!ooQUn:l, ,of'tbe .. 'Thi:rd. BrahJD,ltal,1tt8s;v,ami,.th,e deatho:f Nayi.naracba:ry,a ,foUo,ws, .. SOO,D after' and ·the ·date, of ,hi:!, dea:th .n .A,.D:~41, ,S,;, 10 th,s:!, ·tbis 1 di:spule be,twee;n, dIe di,slcip],es IDf Malllvala,~MamuDi and Anna1D
~ iI ~ ,_" I~'"

I!i

mayhav1e_n place:,say laboul ,A~D.,14,10 'ta,A,~D..I,4:1.. ; S,O with,ou't " 5 go:in_J,lny' further' in our iav'le:sti,g:,iuion:s" Ind. -a'R 'the s,lllementof 'V _,VIS thems!elves, done"PJati·vadi':'Bb~ya· ~I·m~'5
-

.Iifetime, :muslhav,c fallen, in 'the CCDtUry~A.,.D..13,40 10 ,A.. .l,440.,,~ D hi.1I p'olidoD as a: teadaer of standiQS bave been only ill the ,early
yl~arIID,fh::" I SII' cen,tu~., t

.'

,~,~,~,e rdIJ{:-', :~ "'Icn aim I,'hrlough. lhis ,aC:lco'lIn~t, is the 'Iradi.ti,o.Da'l d,,'-'0;:-' l!' dl .-'I'I~' ,_t(:1 ·r-'I ··t'1Ii1-·, O~·ilillr-:-·lj'.nllJ'-lrm-:-linD'''''DIo-:: 'm-::-::-·P"O···· ed b -y.' 't"h- thi rd ...:._ ~r' '__ r·.·I~" Ig~ '... Dr-I'"·'b-· m:"III'nlrarsvon,- w'ha lI'w'ed. J~USC aboul 'tl,lS s,l:me D.me.·it may- ... be. as 'IJ~"uni,o,rc!ont,e;mp-:-'Olrall' oflbeslB, lea,chers,~ W'e ba,Ye. recent1.y .. ····
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,_._J,ftJ _ ~ _l .~ ,~.IH_,> g;1-;-, _

'f:C"r~'m,

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.22

· lite Tir-u.:p,a.t], Devastanam inscriptions, which splleci:filcaUy 'r-efet to Pr'ativ,a.di"'"Bbay,l,mkar,am~Annan,. The ilrs:!, 'o,:n:e; o,r date ,A"tD~,.I711 August IS: 14~' .ne inscriptio,n, is ,I't tbe eemple at Tir,umalai, on 'lbe, hill, a:nd, is the flecor,d of' an ,leemle.n't betw'eoll, 'rhe 'temple mIDI_gemeDlt,aod the 'bach.d,or IUPC-" ·.:eot lthe BIrdeR named, a
'Tiru,va]i~,

,Ayyan clearly indic,IM_g Ibat he was ,olf the Silttani communtt,y'" ,and lie is,
lJrpinaD,~
Hi:!

,name, is gi:VCD as, Tiru,veDgllda

l,

deacribed ..:as,:1, ' eiple 'of an Appl Ai,f'rID,gar, IOift of Pm,ti'la.dl~ B'bay~·'amk.ran, i\DnU!l1 w:h,os:e aame"as, Vedanta, ,A a. Of COUEse, it. COII,cera., ,I, t.emple service with the de_'~ o,f whilell we arenot ,at pr,releDI eoneemed. But our COD,cern is,a :s,pecift.c da'ie in "be: year ,AB.D'...lS ,14 ,~D'rthilba.chlel.oft :Tiru,ve~gad,aAyyanJ , ,I d:is1ciple ,of' ,Pr,I:l:iv,ldi ..n RayankaramAno:an·s :SiO,ll~ 'Th.,esecom'd record bearin_g o.n.this ll: ,of date 1,3c:IIFebru(a!Y A~'DI~, 1.541 'This is, ,agmB an a,gr'eement, between 'manag',emeDt 0:1 t:be temp:le '. "b a c L. elo 11- CI'U· 'p-r~I-=I"'D~ '''In·.-'t·:o·~f.· ~ rd':·w_ soin '11 b -Y'- ,'IL.lJlw! name.._: t ead ""·.hl- ,~, 10'1... ,;::;i ,',_,a, ~ 1,1,··· I_C_J1w ~ en Tir'Il'v£D,g:ad,a.na'tb,I]'11 'w'bo :i.:sdescribed as, the disciple ,of ,Emberumanat Appa~lgrandIIQn, o.f':Pr,ltiv,adi '-:,aya'mka,ram, ,Annan" ,'\v'bos:c'originai name 'was 'VedIiD'Ulcharya.,", This .oa:mewout,dimply his pare,D18 were admirers ,of V;"d,aJ1,ta Desika and would ju:s'l:ify his ,attachment ento tbe 1,lt~er:!I son " s
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'THe specific dating, for tbe 8:00 rand grandson of P,raU,v'adi~ B:hayankam:m ,Anna.n respecn y In A,.,D" 1. .s 14 and A.,D,~,l ,54,II' II period of about 26 y,ea:rs, marldng D, ,g,enerr a tioD, b,etw'een,hem:" t giv!es 'us :somo·:po:si,tivle, gui,d.ID:ce 'to the d,R··' rofAmtan, 'bimself: Taking the a.ve:rl.~j,nte[v,al of tbiny f'ears, from, ,generatio'lI,to ... gcn,era,tiorD, fio!rtlirese Acharyas,.we sha,n have to fi,nda, date, ill, AD,nan.:P'1 Jmierc at, ,8 pedod o"'thiny years 'befor,e, A D, 1$ l,4:., that: :i:s, iuih!e, eighties of '~~ l.S~[bleiclllary., 'Illy ,abcJ:l.J't, A,. ~.14,8r4".. Th,le questibntber-efore would arlse 'w'betlber we co,uld, regafld Pra,tiv;ldi.~Bbayankaram ..Annan 'to have lived 'OID, to the y,ea:r" ,sa;;r A~D~14,8'O~
l

23 •. ·••
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1I~I'n;JI-I:~:C'barya, 'w'e :9,1,1 ,abo'Ut ,A, D., 1.: ,10" IID_-,' we, -:I_IV',~ III, 4

er ft:fty yl_~~ fS,

,--bi,ICh 'wou'ld be '~~th'iD:~', impolsibJ~' for p eeple lof i~'~-_,= d,-=_,te, ,A,DI. ,S 14 I;oS, : '0,111' ~co-i__d l,
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'The oitber' part ,of the ,qlllestiIDI,n1i whi,cll R'ltarally 1~-DIOlugh,I:_d, s,o' ~I'y ,di:_CII'ssi,QID wbet=_ er this: ,Annl'_ 'be,l,o'D·· '~: '10 'I'b,-,

,disdng,ul,ihj,Dgdoctrinal, ,di'ffe~='DCles be'tweeD the ,-' ,_ , - 'I, 'lhi-, - 'riad 'Ibe, di' nc _ '-,~·'tw ~',n,
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pl'u,b-!'c: ba'viD,g c"onfid~ncl=' ,in, hls Ic,'_,:pl,city 1101",1. te O'V=,f' ,th~Iwhol_ ,_c_c ill in, Ol~:_10, __ ' I-a, d!DI '_ ':iD' i- ..S __ ,b- 'I~ pu __ ~w-'h,alIU '-ed :0, c::,-_~,

,-~:=
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1

about '
• '_._1

ICI!,~'elwi'dt h''"m.. O,D lane lal~]-~_; , sl,.lon W'h~ll ,he ,had 'tOI
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"_ ' __ ~I _
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- colI. ect lon],Y parts, '~il,s,said [b,at he madl- ID,P 'lbe ~.:p,llleS b:,' 'Wri'ti,D,g, ,glut, from i m-,ID,O'~~-,;o ~~~_II,:,- sblo,' 'ed 'I--Le'I'~_l m:-'e l,PI 110, hi,' teacher, __e ,~_~1re __':__ldduou,gbtbL_~'",'hlol-' ,of it ,'- d~ __ it ~I, as he fo'und several n ~b
!l

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c' -:-'.n'~_i'__~ly'war- '~_ sad di:sl,P~P'Dlil1tme:--1

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1

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Pi:-'mcul,a'r'pup,i I
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-,~"d", :Bill[, '. pU,pi'l of his, th'Du P'I,o-th.c·rwis and ,card.lcd, i.t ,- - I, ,1_- _", t- ,-- - "'_ - , e te,-- 0- - ,- d I'h I
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of

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sebo ~Is.,~I_d

VI_ry _Irobaibl- that was ac~-:aD,' lied, to 1h~' D'~--_~',- the North,'m,

.~ _ndS'outhe_:a, :chools~ 'lit j,s' bilrdiy neee -"~,ary' gal furth, -r :rolr 1001 't,o l(Frlom,Joum,. ,- lof--eli:-'- Histal.'_~')1
-J

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Aiyy,ap8It" bl the JO'UtflM,of' Indian Hj,s't,ory,: V,o:t xvm pp, ,3a, ,] ,~ 3,8,2'Wbne':le,plub,Hs:bi~g ,m, Vedlllitha, Deepika May 1940 Vo.l,.:29 :111::,5, 'ib,ll :B'di.'t.or:hu, lubs,c,ribed the :IoUo'wiD,g 'co"ncI1udi,D,S, ~re,muks,~J __ " "[i[lom s- --~, ,-:, - d-'a-1-_....~'=,_.!'_~ p' 'I 'k.....• 'E'd-- ~'t'~r a H' - 'D' -- r '. l,~_ , "," , ','n' -V' -:_"" ,_" "_, "_'_".~'~-, . -=- 'I" ".• '
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pass there b~u;, 'b ., . .,1... ~11'11:8 .. In, ,ce,rtl.lD qU:ll1 ers, a 'I~-een conuofversy :11:to 'u~,e rl,8,I,O,., ..
l

i,ll; dil's:erY'~- tDI be, tha.t, d1u,:ring a/Q,me years

'Oif

11!11!C11 perilod 'Ufe

Sri, 'Pta,tiv,ad!i-'aya'D1k,ul:m-

-_=--,ID.,

,Ac'~

'CQ,rd:i,ngl [)I s"ans,krit :I,tlnzas ICUIJ:ien:l,a,pparen,l~y :for eentaries

a'bo,'u:t the g,eat :sch,ollf, 'teacber and Ac'hary'l, :it: has 'been bei6,ev',cdtil the ,oommeacement of the ICQ,lIfriovemy' :r-cfer('ed. 1,0 .,bo"ve that he was bo,m, :iu,P,lav,a-Adi~Krj,sh_D'I ..Chatunasi,!Iuls/day ilD, PUsbY,B,NBks:htr,lm, in 'tbeyea.fs 4.403 ,o(f, ,ali. .. Y'U;gl, land by ,1D,otber S,tUZI, 'eer -, ICU!JicD,18I?Jd,,auilborril;a,,· v J'·'!""I IS'Jr;m- ']'~ kha -'P'··'S·' , .-_' 'S•• .LI. _.-_·· .' "I.:::: _'w,6. __ t~I""" th ·h· 'e' 'p'.!!liiiJ ssed I
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~ ~'YDla",So,me :yean, ' _ck, il~,w,o'Lddseem 'tha,t a ,) ' erate B'ttempt D,ppeatl, 'tOI begun to bemade bY' Icertaiu I.ea.d,er-s,of
the TheDkaiail cO;IDD1'~mty' fOil the :plurp'os:e 101' makin,s o:u,:t

'proiba:bly :foll' 'dJie seotim,etDaii sati,s:fa,cDo,D of dle members, ,of . 'th,lt commuai:~'that Sri P:r-ativad:i,,,,Bbayankara.m~ADDI.n. at one Iltag~ ,ofbbs,--', east 'ofllHsl disci. ,- :l,p under'SriV',edID'ta DI_ika ,and, his,SOD, NY',lDaracbllYa ,aud, became ,.h,e, Idiscip:le, ,of'S,:ri, Manavall, Maham!UJ1i.lt:s, 'well know,DI'bat ,aU 'the ,fa m,:ilies ,D'OW ,ad O,P 'Ii D,i: the di,l,tl.D.'Cli,QI,D, tQ,f ,P',r,I,I,iw'ad,i,,,, ,Blbl:yll:~ ,IL.,'-,Ire,,of Tb;~nk:alli,~e:r,l'ul:tion, I,ada:y,beclu;se S"n, ,Prl-:ti,v -...-- ,- ,y'ankara:m,,-,AnnaD was ,-- I, Th:c.nkalai, It 1,:.1,-m,lb~l,b:lelth-_lt, i.n, 'c:h.o,s,e lear~y d:aIY's: Ibe dis:tjiDJcti,on, Ibelwe'eD il,wa :PCrI,lIIti,o.:s, 'W,.'. nailS:O :ma:rked, orr strild_jJJ, as il'l i~.'~Odl,yl'i,Bllut, ,.'nly:haw'lJ :~=Ia1i,s,i.:ng'l;b,II,IJCCQ'l'1di:ng 'to' tbose tT,a,~
,

d i'-• · 'I ';',,In,I,,_~'rl't, v'c':r':lle,s, :rlell".'t:IDI, to '_I,rl c-p .' '.' d ,I"" 'It '.,'I '. '8-::'-· _,ll,OI:DI,I. Sr'I'I'II'VII' .. Blhl,y,aDk.ra'm~,Aman, :hlB,mru,sl bl,'VIC PllSed il,way in 'the 2'4'th

yar of Sri M;abav,ala MabamuDL It became aeeessary fo,r p'rQit~o'ia:nis:t,s, of the .B'ew ·ver'Sli,olD. 'to bring ,ab'ou.l ce.:Rai.1I fundamental literary cka:n,ges or' :fofgeo,es, iD 'tbe current stanzas, As, usualthis cioutro·v'etsiY'bas:bee'D proceeding wi,th w,,__'rying: degrees of heat each side c'.alming OlD Icw"elY ,oc,cass,ionvietorry for' its,elfin seeh cODbiQlv·ersie·~ A.D aUlempit w,as also made Ear tb - PUrpOIS'C '0,( finally deteminin,g '[be, que, iliaD b:y li,o,Ldi'D,g ,c,o~ercnce ,of all perSOD,S m:te,res-c ed.. ;1, But that __ _I failed., Rece ndy ~,o;we.vlcr Dr,.S"K'ri,s:ho,as:vami Aiyang,ar M A"''lP,... ,ba,s,contributed I, paper [ieia.tin__g tOI hd., the, 'lIe peri'od ,of ,Sri p'~ ,aliv,adi-Bba,y'antanrm ... Amlan 'bIS-ed . on certain iDSlc:ription,~speciaUy'mj't, T~p,a1i We bavlc: If'eat pleasure in, p,ublis'hiD,g b:is learned ,c:o.D'tribu:tio.n 'with his permission fOr the 'beDeJi'I, of ,ou"rlel.dlen, and 'w;eba.~_-e nOI
'b,Y.him int:h,~~ paper 'NiU beboend

to be belpfuil in arriving at final e'oDclusiqn with regard 101 .mlattr .. die , ~

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in his book Hb;,to,ry ,ofV,ailll1navis,m in Tamil Country Pll\g,c12:8,;;The ,disc'uss,ioa is very 'U, hed bu:t throws I further ',ht O'D, the date of 'Prati,ras,diBhayaDkaram An,n,ln~ 'The following is his . .. There seems to be some di.'ffi"eu:l.ty In regard to the diI,s,cip,leship lofPr:ativ,sdi Bbayankaram .Annan uudcrV;edanta Desika, flO'l ,ilf A~nua.Dl'W,I'S bam in A..DI.,,1],612 and De-sib , passed .a'w,.,),inl .1.3 7'10" ,AD'o'a":s dj's,ciplclhip must have ,e.:oded before be W,II 9 ye:ar'S:old an rextremely :imp'fobabi6ty unless IOf',COlurseD'=- --"',ativ,eId much lOlli, :r'i! EveD ifdlli<. discip,les,'bi:pl is only :8. 'le&le:ad,ary ,formali~y'tha,l doe-s nOli prcIclu_d!c fhe genuinness ofth·e ,!·UthIQifSbi.p ,of ·tbe Sapitadi Ratnakaram. ,Bu:tif 100 the other :ha _,d Ann,D \eva:s, bom abou'l A.DI,ij 13,401
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be re4J,olv'ed 'le,.sily., A Tirumalai ins,c,rlpdon ,of date :l7'th A,'U,I'u,:lt l ,5:1,4, :menli'Q,ns one Tir~u. v,lli ,Para,pp'mnn!aD ,oUa:s l:ru,v:enkl:II1, ,Aiy,a:n ,a,s,,I, dis!ci,ple of A~pp,a Ai"yzQgar I:on of l',,-,U¥'~-_dii :bsy:ankl.r,am Annan", Ano B 'i:Ullcri.ptiOD dated 1-·,Ib' -ebr'lluu,' ],5:,4'1 gi'Y'cS slmilar informadOIl but speaks of OR_,Tiru'v'cnkatan:atil,111, as a discipl,e of ~~",/erumanlr Appa, ~r~ih!ndJ,['l("'n- of Pra ,!t_'li'~U''''d'::' ·(,h- a 'y-' "a~ a.!la~· A'" """"'0" &'0-'- Sin ,lee son and 'B aram ,,~"u l1'r=Oi.d,so '11Inf;' Anna ID--::-]:~'U'Ad'~b at-W"-,Amlllio'D11 "Ie 1- '..:._:. U, '5"'~'4':-1 If;' 't-'h'··o:lil'fl' Is .•• D 1,,~ -I!f- 'an-1' !Iru,eand if he was 3, diSciple ,V:ed,antl_~' '. hie mUlt have lived for B:deast 130 yeaEs, I("e 13IS0~!c.1480J Or'ms, BO'.D ~ must have been at ,8 'very advanced age whU,e' 'bleing
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(P'r,ativadi Bh,ay,a,nkaram Annaa .is a di'rect and cme,f .disci:ple 'of Sri . Na,YIDl.r8'ch,ary'8 alccloE'di.~_gto Muvv'8ayirappa.di Gu:~ :p'~I:amplra ,ofThir-d Brahmatantra Jeer I' ail.tn,o.st oo.n£empl •.Ql~!,,·~of:Sii r:advadi~ a P Blmyankaram-Annan. Systematic 8lttCmptll h~"t~~n ade to; ideo m 'liA;' Annan with his D ,1:D.dIber,eby"'~'diSIO'WD 'tbie'a.·ulhotlbip~' &[1 _' of Sap,t&'ti'ra'tRamaUlca itse:Jlf~Such inieUectu,.l ,dis,o'.nesties have cUlsed! a, lot. olf confusibn in 'the history' of S:ri'vlisQn.a,v,. Acba'r'y,a's~ This paple'r by' Dr, S..'Krishnasw,amy Myansar, ,B, .noled, bis:to'.rian 'thr,ow's, a lot of ~., ,t IOD the s:ubJec;t CI,ne '.- · ,i:scertain" Sri Anna'D, _" w'as, j,niluen:ced 'by the Ij,n,'tcUect of Sri: :Cesi'ka thatmade .him, 'to 'w,ri.te Sa'p,ta:tir!atna,maUkl,~Bve,n these who attrlbUl'e, and ill -~, his s,u,bileq uent a,tt:achment to Manlv'ala·rrtl,m!uni .ee invarL _iy '1.01 'Ih,=, ,1,u:th,o:Jsili'p ,0,1 ,Sa:pta:ti'r8.tD,amalika,., Loy,alty to, Ac:hary,as: Is th.e p~!:.:m._,p:ri:n,c~;p.eof - -v,ailhnav,a.5~, To Sly". Anna,rt, dis.oiw.ned Desika m'~~r~';.~y,.·s ,.bift,ed, tD'l~be other sc'bism.", but at the same tim:t, I,n",~ r,,=I_lol,_,d lib)' , ti.,-III,of P',r;_:ti'Ylld~,'Bbl:y;amJt!B:r,sm conferred bybis, dis lawn~'6 ~ N ,Y~l1lr,_!c,:h :ru, 'I;ooks " -- apl "10 'beHttleAnnan lums:= :If~ i,B' -'ane'I1, CO'IlI'UID,pd!oD. liol recoacile to - ,_dA,nna~s :1:1 shi,ftinl ,olfallegi,anc:e a:t ,I, v'ery' staS,ein m;s llfe, ploy to, belittlethe gi,e~a,t:8:0, .Pr'a.tivl.dj, ..:BhaYI:nkar,am,-ADDlnhimself.. ,.,.Ed)1
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