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5325/ 0827/ 1
SAP Purchasing Management
נכתב ונערך ע"יCompuGenius, Inc. :
CompuGenius, Inc.
Integration:
Purchasing communicates with other modules in the SAP System to ensure a constant
flow of information. For example, it works side by side with the following modules:
• Controlling (CO):
The interface to the cost accounting system (Controlling) can be seen above all
in the case of purchase orders for materials intended for direct consumption and
for services, since these can be directly assigned to a cost center or a production
order.
Purchasing maintains data on the vendors that are defined in the system jointly
with Financial Accounting. Information on each vendor is stored in a vendor
master record, which contains both accounting and procurement information. The
vendor master record represents the creditor account in financial accounting.
Within the framework of materials planning and control, a requirement that has
arisen in the Sales area can be passed on to Purchasing. In addition, when a
requisition is created, it can be directly assigned to a sales order
Client
Purchasing Organization
(Cross Company Code)
The structure of an enterprise is represented in the SAP R/3 System by the following
organizational levels:
Client:
Client is highest organizational level in Hierarchy. The Client is a Commercial,
Organizational unit within the R/3 System, with its own data, Master Records and Set of
tables. From a business perspective, the clients form a corporate group.
Company code:
Company code is the smallest unit in organization structure.
This level represents an independent accounting unit within a client. Balance sheet and
Profit & Loss statements, required by law, are created at company code level. You can
set up several company codes in one clients level.
Example: a subsidiary company, member of a corporate group.
Plant:
Plant can be a manufacturing plant in the true sense, or can represent a branch office or
site within a company code. A plant is an organizational logistic unit that structures the
enterprise from the perspective of production, procurement, plant maintenance and
material planning.
In SAP system, a plant must be assigned to one or more purchasing organizations.
Furthermore, a plant must always be assigned to a company code.
Storage Location:
The storage location is an organizational unit that allows the differentiation of material
stocks with in a plant. Physical inventory is carried out at storage location level.
Purchasing organization:
Purchasing organization is an organizational unit responsible for procuring materials and
services for one or more plants and for negotiating prices and terms of delivery with
vendors. The purchasing organization assumes legal responsibility for all external
purchase transactions.
You can incorporate purchasing into the company structure by assigning purchasing
organization to company code and plants. You can have a combination of centralized
and decentralized organizations.
Purchasing group:
The purchasing organization is further subdivided into purchasing groups (buyer
groups), which are responsible for day-to-day buying activities
A purchasing group can also act for several purchasing organizations
• Each purchasing organization has its own info records and conditions for pricing.
The Material Master record is a company’s main source of material specific data. Details
on materials an enterprise procures externally or produces in-house. The unit of
measure and the description of a material are examples of the data stored in a material
master record. Other SAP Logistics components also access the material data.
Vendor master data contain Information about external suppliers (creditors). The
vendor's name and address, the currency the vendor uses, and the vendor number
(stored in the SAP system as an account number) is typical vendor data. Vendor master
record is maintained by Accounting and Purchasing. Each user department can maintain
both general data and purchasing and accounting specific data centrally or decentrally.
The info record establishes the link between material and vendor, thus facilitating the
process of selecting quotations. For example, the info record gives the unit of measure
used for ordering from the vendor, and indicates vendor price changes affecting the
material over a period of time.
• Source list
The source list specifies the possible sources of supply for a material. It shows the time
period during which a material may be ordered from a given vendor.
• Quota arrangement
The quota arrangement specifies which portion of the total requirement of a material
over a certain period is to be assigned to particular vendors on the basis of quotas.
Procurement Cycle:
8
Payment
Processing
1
7 Determination of
Invoice requirements
Verification
6 2
Goods Receipts Source
Procurement Determination
5 3
P O Monitoring Vendor Selection
4
P O Processing
2: Determination of Source of supply: The R/3 system helps the buyer determine
possible sources of supply. You can use determination of the source of supply to create
request for quotation (RFQ) and enter the quotations. You can also access existing
purchase order and condition in the system.
3: Vender selection: the system simplifies the selection of the vendors by making
price comparison between the various quotations. It automatically sends rejection letters.
4: Purchase order processing: The system facilitates data entry by providing entering
aids when you are entering purchase orders.
5: Purchase order monitoring: The buyer can monitor the processing status of the
purchase order on line at any time and can determine weather goods or an invoice have
been received for the relevant purchase order item. The system also supports reminder
procedures.
6: Goods Receipts: The system compares the Goods receipts quantities with the
purchase order quantity.
7: Invoice Verification: Vendor invoices are checked for accuracy of prices and
contents.
Table of contents
Purchasing Management
Step 1:
Define A Company
Transaction Code: OX15
Menu path:
IMG >Enterprise Structure>
Definition >Finanzwesen (Financial
Accounting)>Define Company
Step 2:
Menu path:
IMG>Enterprise Structure>
Definition>Finanzwesen>Define,
Copy, delete, check company
Code
Put your cursor on “Edit Company
Code Data”.
Title: company
Name: enter your company name.
Search terms: enter search term.
Street and House number
Country: enter country name.
Language: enter language
Step 3:
Next screen:
Click on position
Enter your Company Code And hit
Enter
So that your Company Code
shows at the top.
Under the Column Company and
against your Company Code enter
Your Company name identifier.
(You can select it from possible
entry button.)
Click on Save.
Step 4:
Plant can be a manufacturing plant in the true sense, or can represent a branch office or
site within a company code. A Plant is an organizational logistics unit that structures the
enterprise from the perspective of Production, Procurement, Plant maintenance and
materials planning.
Define A Plant:
Menu path:
IMG> Enterprise Structure>
Definition> Logistik Allgermein
(Logistic Alignment) > Define,
copy, delete, check plant
Note: you can create new plant
or you can copy of existing
plant.
When you use this function, the
system process the entry in the
plant table and in all dependent
customizing and system tables in
which the plant included as a key.
Click on Save.
Click on Enter.
A purchasing organization can be divided into several purchasing groups that are
responsible for different operational areas.
• Each purchasing organization has its own info records and conditions for pricing.
• Each purchasing organization has its own vendor master data.
• All items of an external purchasing document, that is, request for quotation,
purchase order, contract, or scheduling agreement, belong to a purchasing
organization.
• The purchasing organization is the highest level of aggregation (after the
organizational unit "client") for purchasing statistics.
• The purchasing organization serves as the selection criterion for lists of all
purchasing documents.
Purchasing Purchasing
Organization A Organization
Company
Code
Plant A Plant B
Purchasing Organization
Company
Code
Plant A Plant B
Purchasing Organization
Plant A Plant B
Company Company
Code A Code B
• Corporate-group-wide purchasing
• Company-specific purchasing
• Plant-specific purchasing
• All of these forms can co-exist within a single client
Maintain purchasing
organization:
Click on Save
Step 6:
Click on Enter
Click on Save.
Click on Save.
Step 7:
Click on Enter
Click on Save.
Assign Purchasing
Organization to plant:
Transaction Code: OX17
Menu Path:
IMG> Enterprise Structure>
Assignment> Materialwirstschaft
(Material management) > Assign
Purchasing organization to plant
Click on Assign
Click on Enter.
Click on Save.
Step 9:
Assign Purchasing
organization to company
code
Transaction code: OX01
Menu path:
IMG> Enterprise Structure>
Assignment> Materialwirstschaft
(Material management) > Assign
Purchasing organization to
company code.
Next screen:
Check your purchasing
organization
Click on Enter
Click on Save.
Step 7:
Click on Enter
Click on Save.
Assign Purchasing
Organization to plant:
Transaction Code: OX17
Menu Path:
IMG> Enterprise Structure>
Assignment> Materialwirstschaft
(Material management) > Assign
Purchasing organization to plant
Click on Assign
Click on Enter.
Click on Save.
Step 9:
Assign Purchasing
organization to company
code
Transaction code: OX01
Menu path:
IMG> Enterprise Structure>
Assignment> Materialwirstschaft
(Material management) > Assign
Purchasing organization to
company code.
Next screen:
Check your purchasing
organization
Click on Enter
Click on Save.
Purchasing is supported in its everyday work by the following types of master data:
• Material Master
• Vendor Master
• Purchasing info record
• Source list
• Quota arrangement
• Conditions
• Vendor evaluation
Step 10:
Material Master:
The Material Master record is a company’s main source of material- specific data. It is
used by all components in the R/3 system.
The material master database (often referred to simply as the "material master",
comprising all the individual material master records stored in the system) contains
descriptions of all materials that an enterprise procures, produces, and keeps in stock. It
is the central repository of information on materials (such as inventory levels) for the
enterprise. The integration of all material data in a single database objects prevents the
problem of data redundancy. Every area, such as Purchasing, Inventory Management,
Material Planning and Invoice verification can use the data stored.
Material master
Transaction code: MM01
Since materials are processed by
various user departments within a
company and each department
stores different information for the
materials. The Material Master is
sub divided into information
grouped by user departments.
Each user department has a
different view of the material
master record and id responsible
for maintaining the data to support
its function.
Menu path:
SAP main menu> Logistics>
Material Management> Material
Master > Material> Create
(General) >Immediately
Click on Enter.
Basic data 1
Enter Description of material
Click on Enter
Click on Enter
Click on purchasing
Click on Enter
Click on Enter
Click on Accounting 1
In the field Valuation Class,
enter valuation class number or
use F4 to choose one value.
Accounting (FI) and Purchasing (MM) both maintain the Vendor Master record. In
Accounting, the Vendor is regarded as the company’s crediting business partner.
The vendor master database contains information about the vendors that supply an
enterprise. This information is stored in individual vendor master records. A vendor
master record contains the vendor’s name and address, as well as data such as:
• The currency used for ordering from the vendor
• Terms of payment
• Names of important contact persons (sales staff)
Since, to the accounts department, the vendor is generally a creditor (accounts payable),
the vendor master record also contains accounting information, such as the relevant
control account (reconciliation account) in the general ledger.
Each user department can maintain both general data and Purchasing and Accounting –
specific data centrally or decentrally. In addition Purchasing often maintains data at
corporate group level.
Step 11:
Menu Path:
IMG>Financial accounting>
Accounts receivable and Accounts
payable >Vendors accounts>
Master records>preparation for
creating Vendors Master records>
Define Accounts group with screen
layout (Vendors).
Click on Save.
Step 12:
Menu path:
Click on Save.
Step 13:
Menu path:
IMG >Financial Accounting>
Accounts Receivable and
Accounts Payable>Vendors
Accounts>Master records>
Preparation for creating vendors
master records> Assign number
ranges to Vendor Accounts
Groups.
Click on Position.
Click on Save.
Step14:
Menu Path:
SAP main menu> Material
Management>Purchasing>
Master Data>vendor> Create
Click on Save.
SAP will display a message
Vendor xxxxx has been created
for purchasing organization , at
bottom on screen.
Source of supply:
Step 15:
You can store and maintain the followings data in Info records.
• Current and future prices and conditions (for exp. Fright and discounts)
• Delivery data (for exp, Planned delivery time).
• Vendor data (for exp, contracts)
• Texts
The info record allows buyers to quickly determine:
-Which materials have been previously offered or supplied by a specific vendor
-Which vendors have offered or supplied a specific material
Click on Enter
(If the system shows warning by
pass it, click on enter again)
Click on Text
Text overview screen will be
display:
Enter logical text for Info record
notes and purchase order text
Click on Save.
Step 16:
Menu path:
SAP main menu > Logistics>
Material Management>
Purchasing > Master Data> Info
Record >Change
Click on Enter
Click on purchasing
Organization data
You can change in only specific
fields, like the field, which are
open for change.
Mostly white field are changeable
and gray fields un changeable.
In this field you can change in
Control Data.
Ex: Planned delivery time
Purchasing group, standard
quantity etc.
Click on condition
Step 17:
The net price simulation enables you to compare prices and conditions as follows:
You can calculate the net prices of a material supplied by a number of different vendors
based on any simulation quantity you care to specify.
Menu Path:
SAP main menu > Logistics>
Material Management> Purchasing
> Master Data> Info Record > List
Displays> By Vendor
Click on Enter.
Contracts:
-Distributed contracts
Scheduling agreements:
Step 18 :
Menu path:
SAP main menu> Logistics>
Material Management>
Purchasing>Outline Agreement >
Contract> create
Click on Enter.
Click on Enter.
Click on Save
SAP will display Quantity Contract
created under Number
Xxxxxx at bottom of screen.
Step 19:
Schedule Agreement
Menu path:
SAP main menu> Logistics>
Material Management>
Purchasing> Outline Agreement
Scheduling Agreement> Create >
Vendor Known
Click on Enter.
Click on Enter.
Click on Enter.
Click on Save
SAP will display a message at
Bottom of screen.
Step 20:
You can display, change, cancel, and block outline purchase agreements. You can find
and display outline agreements. You can display a single outline agreement and can
create analyses of outline agreements.
Menu Path: SAP main menu> Logistics> Material Management> Purchasing> Outline
Agreement >Contract/Scheduling Agreement> Display
• When you change an outline agreement after it has been sent to the vendor, a
change document (change notice) is automatically generated and queued for
printing or transmission. The change document tells the vendor what you have
changed in the outline agreement.
• If goods have already been delivered, then the changes you can make to the
outline agreement are limited. For example, you cannot change the quantity to
deliver in a quantity contract to an amount that is less than the amount already
delivered.
If the invoice has been received or the goods have been paid for and you change
the price, the change has no effect. (The vendor must send an invoice for the
new amount or credit your account.)
• You can view the ordering activity for a contract item by displaying the release
(order) documentation for the item you can "block" an outline agreement to
freeze all activity on it. After the implementation and checking of desired
changes, you can unblock the agreement again.
Step : 21
The source determination facility helps you to find the most suitable source for a certain
requirement from the large volume of data that is available, i.e. it suggests a suitable
outline agreement or vendor for ordering purposes.
The system determines the source of supply of a requested material on the basis of the
following factors (in the order shown):
• Quota arrangement
The system first determines whether a quota arrangement within whose validity
period the delivery date in the requisition falls exists for the material.
If a quota arrangement exists, the system determines the vendor from whom the
material is to be procured according to the quotas assigned to the vendors and
then suggests the source.
If no source can be determined this way, the system checks the source list.
• Source list
The system determines whether an entry in the source list within whose validity
period the delivery date of the requisition falls exists for the material. The source
If the source list contains a unique source, the requisition is assigned to that
source.
(If info records with more than one purchasing organization exist, all info records
of the purchasing organization(s) that is/are responsible for procurement for the
requesting plant are also suggested.)
If several outline agreements and perhaps info records exist, all possible sources
are offered for selection in a box.
Source Determination
Menu path:
Click on Enter
Click on Save.
Step 22:
Purchase Requisition:
Requisitions can be created either directly or indirectly. Directly means that someone
from the requesting department enters a purchase requisition manually. The person
creating the requisition determines what and how much to order, and the delivery date.
Indirectly means that the purchase requisition is initiated via another SAP component.
It is an internal document: it is
not used outside the enterprise.
Menu path:
Click on Enter
Click on Save
Step 23:
Transaction: ME57
Menu Path:
SAP main menu> Logistics>
Material Management>
Purchasing>Purchase Requisition
Follow-on Functions> Assign And
Process
Step: 24
Create Purchase
Requisition W/O Master
Record
Transaction code: ME51-N
Menu path:
Click on Enter
Click on Save
Step: 25
Change In Purchase
Requisition
Transaction Code: ME52N
Menu Path:
Click on Enter
Step:26
Menu path:
SAP main menu> Logistics>
Material Management>
Purchasing> Master Data> Vendor
> Purchasing> Change (current)
Click on Enter
Click on Save
You can use purchase orders to cover your requirements using external sources (i.e. a
vendor supplies a material or performs a service).
You can also use a purchase order to procure a material that is needed in one of your
plants from an internal source, i.e. from another plant. Such transactions involve longer-
distance stock transfers. The activities following on from purchase orders (such as the
receipt of goods and invoices) are logged, enabling you to monitor the procurement
process.
You can use purchase orders for once-only procurement transactions. If, for example,
you wish to procure a material from a vendor only once, you create a purchase order. If
you are thinking of entering into a longer-term supply relationship with this vendor, it is
advisable to set up a so-called outline agreement, since this usually results in more
favorable conditions of purchase.
• Vendor known
You can use this procedure if you know which vendor is to receive the order.
• Vendor unknown
if you want the system to select and suggest possible vendors you can use this
procedure. These suggestions are then made on the basis of sources of supply
that have been predefined in the system. (Note: the term "source" covers outline
purchase agreements, info records, and source lists).
Use this procedure to list the requisitions for your purchasing group that have
already been assigned to a vendor (that is, those requisitions containing a
vendor, outline agreement, or info record as a procurement option). Pos can be
generated from these requisitions automatically. Like Optimize Purchasing
• Stock transfer
Choose this procedure if you wish to order not from a vendor but from one of
your plants.
You use this procedure if you wish to create a purchase order from an
acknowledgment sent to you by your vendor via EDI.
Creating a Purchase
Order
Menu path:
SAP main menu> Logistics>
Material Management>
Purchasing> Purchase Order >
Create> Vendor Supplying Plant
known
Click on Save
Step: 28
Displaying a Purchase
Order:
Menu path:
Click on PO history
Step :29
Goods Receipts:
A goods receipt (GR) is a goods movement with which the receipt of goods from a
vendor or from production is posted. A goods receipt leads to an increase in warehouse
stock.
You use this component to post the receipt of goods from an external vendor or from
production. A goods receipt leads to an increase in warehouse stock.
The R/3 System distinguishes between the following types of goods receipts:
If your company uses the MM Purchasing component, deliveries from vendors are most
likely the result of purchase orders initiated by the purchasing department.
If a material is delivered for a purchase order, it is important for all of the departments
involved that the goods receipt entry in the system references this purchase order, for
the following reasons:
• Goods receiving can check whether the delivery actually corresponds to the
order.
• The system can propose data from the purchase order during entry of the goods
receipt (for example, the material ordered, its quantity, and so on). This simplifies
both data entry and checking (over deliveries and under deliveries).
• The delivery is marked in the purchase order history. This allows the Purchasing
department to monitor the purchase order history and initiate reminder
procedures in the event of a late delivery.
• The vendor invoice is checked against the ordered quantity and the delivered
quantity.
• The goods receipt is valuated on the basis of the purchase order price or the
invoice price
Goods Receipts
Transaction code: MIGO
Menu path:
SAP main menu> Logistics>
Materials Management>
Purchasing> Purchase Order>
Follow on Functions> Goods
Receipts
When you post a goods receipt, the system automatically creates a material document,
which serves as proof of the goods movement
Note:
(If you receive a delivery for which no purchase order exists, you can still post the goods
receipt. In this case, the system generates an automatic purchase order at the vendor, if
this has been set for each movement type in Customizing.)
Step 30:
Menu path:
SAP main menu> Logistics >
Materials Management> Logistics
invoice Verification> Automatische
Abrechnung> MRRL- Execute
ERS
Click on Save
Step: 31
Vendor Evaluation:
The Vendor Evaluation component helps you select sources of supply and facilitate the
continual monitoring of existing supply relationships. It provides you with accurate
information on prices, and terms of payment and delivery. By evaluating vendors, you
can improve your enterprise's competitiveness.
On the basis of detailed information, and in collaboration with the relevant vendors, you
can quickly identify and resolve any procurement problems that may crop up from time
to time.The Vendor Evaluation component supports you in optimizing your procurement
processes in the case of both materials and services.
You can check the reliability of the vendors from whom you procure services on a plant-
by-plant basis. You can determine whether the vendors perform the services within the
specified timeframes and appraise the quality of the work carried out.
The standard SAP System offers you a scoring range from 1 to 100 points, which is
used to measure the performance of your vendors on the basis of five main criteria.
• Delivery
• General service/support
These four main criteria serve as a basis for evaluating vendors from whom you
procure materials.
This main criterion serves as a basis for evaluating those vendors you employ as
external service providers.
You can also define other or further main criteria, as required. You can assign different
weights to the individual criteria. The vendor’s overall score is computed taking into
account the weighted scores awarded for each of the main criteria.
The Vendor Evaluation System ensures that evaluation of vendors is objective, since all
vendors are assessed according to uniform criteria and the scores are computed
automatically. In this way, subjective impressions and judgments can be largely
eliminated.
To create a detailed evaluation, each main criterion can be divided into several sub
criteria.
The standard system provides you with certain sub criteria, which suffice as a basis for
evaluation. You can also define your own additional sub criteria.
The scores for the sub criteria are calculated in different ways.
Vendor evaluation
Step 1: Configuration
Transaction code: OMGL
Menu Path:
IMG> Materials Management >
Purchasing>Vendor Evaluation
>Define Purchasing Organization
Data for Vendor Evaluation
Click on save
Price:
Quality:
Delivery:
Services:
Double-Click on weighting
Vendor Evaluation
Step: 2
Menu Path:
SAP main menu>Logistics>
Material Management>
Purchasing> Master Data>
Vendor Evaluation> Maintain
Click on Enter
Click on Enter.
Check delivery