ArtificialEutrophication Artificial Eutrophication

Alteredwatershed conditions
clearcutting changesin runoff/infiltration; erosionofsedimentsto erosion of sediments to lake

Additionofnutrients
Fertilizers(nonpoint source) lawns Septic systems/waste Septicsystems/waste treatmentplants

ExperimentalLakesArea

Effectsareoftenrapid
(tippingpointwhenoxygenat ( i i i h bottomoflakeisusedupinsummer)

Eutrophication Indicator3 TotalPhosphorus l h h

Oligotrophic No P added

Eutrophic P added dd d

Nutrientinputs;primarilyphosphorus(P)causealgaetobloom eutrophication
http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/regions/CENTRAL/pub/ela-rle/ela-rle_e.htm

Eutrophication Indicator1 Waterclarity W l i

Affectslightpenetration

Secchi disk

Eutrophication Indicator2 Chlorophylla hl h ll

Chlorophyll a is a p g p y pigment in algae g and plants Chlorophyll a will give an estimate of amount of phytoplankton blooming

Phytoplankton d Ph t l kt and pond weeds limited to a narrow band near the surface of the lake where light g penetrates

Ploadingversusmeandepth

PP

PP

Phosphorusloadinganddepthinteracttodeterminetrophic stateinmostlakes SHALLOWLAKESMORELIKELYTOBEGREEN

Other Depth Effects p

Kalff

If two lakes have the same amount of phytoplankton in the If t l k h th t f h t l kt i th surface, the shallow lake is more likely to have all oxygen used up in the bottom (hypolimnion) than a deep lake Negatively affects fish Increases nutrient and toxin release from sediments

Potablewaterindicators Potable water indicators

Hypolimnetic yp
NH4(ammonium) onlypresentwithout oxygen;signofhigh oxygen; sign of high ratesofdecayofbloom andplants A arsenic;toxic; As i t i releasedwithlow oxygen IronandManganese (Mn) releasedwithlow oxygen

Limnologicalindicators Limnological indicators

Hypolimnetic TP HypolimneticTP
(eutrophication;lackof oxygenandhighdecayin hypolimnion)

Nitrate,nitrite, ammonia,TotalN i T t lN (nitrogenisasecondary limitingnutrientfor limiting nutrient for blooms)

Limnologicalindicators Limnological indicators

pH(indicatorofacidity; p ( d ca o o ac d y; lower[<7]ismoreacidic) Specificconductance (amountofdissolved materialssuchas nutrientsandroadsalts) nutrients and road salts) Truecolor Calcium (one type of Calcium(onetypeof dissolvedionthatis neededbysomeshell forminganimals)

LakePerception Lake Perception

Water quality Waterquality assessment Plantcoverage g Recreational assessment

BiologicalCondition Biological Condition

Phytoplankton (algae) Macrophytes (p (pondweeds) ) Zooplankton (smallanimalsinopen water) Macroinvertebrates (biggeranimalsin sediments) Fish Invasivespecies
Local climate change air and water temp.

ALTERNATE STABLE STATES in small MESO AND EUTROPHIC LAKES

Eutrophic High P, High Algae light penetration P P P P P

Eutrophic Benthified B thifi d P in macrophytes light penetration P

Grass carp

Open water Low water clarity Algal blooms (sometimes toxic) Benthic Low pond weeds and p filamentous algae

Open water High water clarity Few algal blooms

Benthic High p g pond weeds Higher growth of filamentous algae on pond weeds

Increasedalgalblooms Increased algal blooms

Cancausewatertobecome turbid Favorsexcessivealgal blooms,oftenofnuisance bl ft f i ortoxicspecies

Microcystis Nuisancesineutrophic N i i t hi lakes blooms

Summary Report
CrookedLakethisyearhadmoresignsof p p y , eutrophication moreTPandchlorophylla, lowertransparency It likely has less oxygen in the bottom Itlikelyhaslessoxygeninthebottom (hypolimnion)duetohighammoniumandTP there poorconditionsforsomefish there poor conditions for some fish Potablewaterqualityfactorsstable; perceptionandclimatechangestable; perception and climate change stable; biologicalconditionnotassessed

Summary Homeownerconcerns
Ifalakeiseutrophic youcangroweitherlotsof pondweeds,orlotsofalgae Grasscarpadditionwillalmostcertainlyreduce pondweeds,butwillalsolikelyincreasealgal blooms,includingtoxicblooms Nutrientreductionisonlypermanentstrategyto yp gy remediatelakes;dredgingtomakelakedeeper mayalsohelp Localizedsolutionswithinlake weedremoval, macrophyte mats,bubblerscheaper;ongoing costs;notawholelakesolution