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-8-

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- 10 -

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- 13 -

II.

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- 14 -

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- 15 -

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ek;gpf;iffSf;F

kl;Lk;>

it\;zth;fSf;F kl;Lk; vd;fpw vz;zk; jtwhdJ. irt rkaj;jpdUf;Fj;; fUjg;glf;$lhJ. cWjpahf jilnra;ag;gl;ljhf vq;fs; khl;lhh;. rptd; vq;Fk; ]`];uehkk; nrhy;y

epiwe;jtNuh> ]h;tt;ahgfNuh my;y vd;W ve;j rptgf;juhtJ Kd;tUthuh? mg;gbahdhy; it\;zth;fSf;F ]`];uehkk; vg;gbNah irth;fSf;Fk; mg;gbNa. ,e;j thjk; gf;jp khh;ffj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; midj;Jr; ; rhuhUf;Fk; nghUe;jf; xU $baNj. ,e;j jd;Kd;Nd fz;fis ghh;ff ; %bj;jpwf;Fk; ,ikfis mfy tphpj;J itj;Jf;nfhz;L fz;nfhl;lhky; gf;jd; cz;ikiag; Ntz;Lk;. mt;tsNt! tp\;Z ]`];uehkk; nfhz;lJ ; vy;NyhUf;Fk; nrhe;jkhdJ. ]`];uehkk; vd;fpw ,e;j jdpepiyj; njhlhpy; Kjy; thh;jijahd tp];tk; vd;gJ mwpizr; nrhy; vd;gijf; ; Fwpg;gplNtz;Lk;. eLepiyikAld;> ghFghl;ilj; kl;Lk; ,e;j irtk; tp];tk; vd;fpw thh;jij> ; rkag; it\;ztk; vd;fpw gue;j Nehf;fk;

njhlhky;>

gpugQ;rj;jpd; mNjrkaj;jpy;

Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij Muk;gj;jpypUe;Nj mg;ghw;gl;ljhfr; cgep\j;Jf;fspd; Ntj jh;NkhgNjrk; gioikapd;

Fwpg;gpl;Ltpl;L>

]`];uehkhitr; nra;J tpLfpwJ. vg;gb rhukhf =kj;

rkag;ghFghl;bw;F gftj;fij P gpujp GhpAk; Ntj>

tpsq;FfpwNjh>

mg;gbNa

]`];uehkKk; gpk;gkhf tz;zk;>

cgep\j;Jf;fspd; ,q;F ghku

kw;nwhU

nra;fpwJ. mq;F ke;jpuq;fSk; #j;jpuq;fSk; nrhd;dij kf;fSf;Fk;

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 16 -

rhuhk;]j;ij

mg;gbNa

gpope;J KbTk;> xNu

107

];Nyhfq;fspy; ehkj;jpd; nghUs;

]`];u ehkk; je;JtpLfpwJ. cz;ikapy; KbTk; fPijapd; ]`];u ,iznahj;j> khjphpahd

nghjpe;jditahf ,Uf;fpd;wd. mJ vg;gb vd;gijg; gpwF tphpthfg; ghh;gNghk;. ; jhd; nrhy;y Nkw;nfhz;l fUg;nghUis ]`];uehkk; Rw;wp tisj;Jr;nrhy;fpwjh? nfhl;bf; fplf;Fk;>jhWkhwhd xd;Nwhnld;W thh;j;ijfspd; njhlh;Gila Ftpayy;y gy ]`];uehkk;. njspe;j ePNuhil Nghd;W njhlh;e;J tUk; vz;zq;fs;> rhpahd nrhw;fshy; xOq;fhfj; njhLf;fg;gl;L xU thh;jijahy; ; ,d;ndhU thh;jijiaf; Nfhh;jJ thq;fp> xd;W kw;nwhd;iw ; ; tpthpj;Jf; nfhz;Lk;> xd;wpd; xU nghUis kw;nwhd;W g+h;jjpahf;fpf;nfhz;Lk;> ; thh;jij ; kw;nwhd;wpid

rpyhfpj;Jf; $wpf;nfhz;Lk;> Njh;enjLf;fg;gl;l kyuida ; nrhw;fshy; ]`];u ehkk; mikf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. me;j njhlu E}ypioiar; rpy re;jh;ggq;fspy; ; me;j ,ayhik xUtuhy; mtuJ Kbatpy;iy vd;why;>

mwpahikapd; Fw;wNk jtpu> E}ypd; gilg;gpYs;s Fw;wky;y. mwpnthsp gilj;j xUth; ]`];u ehkj;jpd; me;jj; jpiff;f itf;Fk; topapy;> kpf vspjhfTk; ftdkhfTk; elj;J fhl;bl KbAk;. ]`];u ehkk; Nfhh;itapy;yhj thh;jijfshyhd ; tphpTiu ilNa vd;W epfo;ej ; $WNthh;fF ; xU tpthjk;. xd;iw epidTgLj;j gP\kh-Ajp\;luhp; ; tbtj;jpy;
- 17 -

tpUk;GfpNwd;.

]`];uehkk;

KOtJNk>

rk;gh\iz

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

cq;fs;Kd; gilf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ vd;fpw cz;ikiag; Ghpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;LfpNwd;. ,e;j khjphp rk;gh\iz %yk; nra;ag;gLk; cgNjrq;fspy; rpy ,lq;fspy; rpe;jidj; njhlh; jilgLtJ nrhy;yg;gLk; ngWtjw;fhfr; ,ay;Gf;F ,aw;if. xU rpy nghUs; ,k;khjphpahd gw;wpa gP\kh; ; kpftphpthfr; njspT Nfl;lJ %y tpthjj;jpy;> Ajp\;l;uh;

tpsf;fq;fis

tpNuhjkhdjy;y.

gjpypWf;ifapy;

tpsf;fj;jpdpd;Wk; rw;Nw tpyf Nehpl;lhy;> me;j gjpy;fs; vLj;Jf; nfhz;l nghUspypUe;Jk; njhlh;G tpLgl;lJ Nghy; Njhd;wf; $Lk;. Nfs;tpfNs vd;d vd;W nrhy;yg;glhj rpy ; ,lq;fspy;> %yf;fUtpypUe;J njhlh;G tpl;Lg;NghdJ Nghd;w Njhw;wk; Kjy; ghh;itapy; ekf;F Vw;glyhk;. fPijapYk; ,NjNghd;w rk;gh\izapy; mh;[{ddpd; FWf;fpLk; nrhy;y tpdhf;fs; rpy ePffg;gl;Ltpl;lhy;> ; tp\aq;fisr; fl;lq;fspy;> $wg;gLk; cge;epah]fh; Neh;ej> ; jpUk;gj; epidf;fhj ,e;j jpUk;gr; nrhy;y

,NjNghd;w Fiwahy; ghjpf;fg;glyhk;. khjphpahd gP\kuhy; ; rpy nrhy;yg;gLtjhff; thh;jijfs;> ;

%yf;fUg; nghUSf;Fs; mth; jpUk;gTk; GFk; re;jh;ggq; ; fshf tpsf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

tp\;Z ]`];uehkk; cyfshtpaJ

vy;yh kjq;fSf;Fk;> kj ek;gpf;iffSf;Fk; ]`];u ehkk; Gfyplk; nfhLf;fpwJ. it\;zth;fs; tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; vd;W ngahplg; gl;bUg;gjhNyNa mijj; jkJlikahf;fpf; nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. rpth> rk;G> ];jhE: Uj;u: N]hk: Nghd;w thh;jijfs; ; irth;fis chpik nfhz;lhl itf;fpd;wd. R+h;ad;> utp>
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 18 -

Mjpj;ah>

ghD:

tp`ha]fjp:
ehkq;fshy; vd;fpw gjk;

]tpjh>

R+h;ah

Nghd;w

fzf;fpylq;fhj

it\;zth;fSf;F nfskhuh;fs; my;yJ

mLj;jgbahf nrsuh;fs; chpik ngWfpwhh;fs;.

];fe;jh

];fe;jh;fSf;F ctg;g+l;Lk; nrhy;yhfp kw;wth;fNshL Nrh;eJ ; mth;fisAk; chpik nfhz;lhl itf;fpwJ. rf;jh;fSf;F k`hrf;jp Ak; fzgjh;fl;F fNz];tuhTk; NghJk; ]`];u ehkk; vkNj vd;W nrhy;y. Iag;g gf;jh;fis \h];jh vd;fpw gjj;jhy; ]`];u ehkk; <h;ffpwJ. ; flTNs ,y;iy vd;W $Wk; ehj;jpfh;fisf; $l gP\kh; ; vd;fpw tpl;Litf;ftpy;iy. thh;jijiag; ; ]`];u ehkj;jpy; R+d;ah GFj;jp> ,Ug;Gf;F vjph;kiwahd

ek;gpf;ifiaAk; Vw;gLj;Jfpwhh;. ,y;yhj xd;Wf;F (R+d;a: ) vg;gb vjph;gG njhptpf;f ; KbAk ! ? tpidg;gad;fis mDgtpg;gth;fl;F> mJTk; ey;tpidg; gad;fis mDgtpg;gth;fSf;F thrfh;fSf;F KO flTs; vd;gth; ve;jj; ehj;jpfh; jpz;kkhd tbtj;jpYk; ,Uf;fkhl;lhh;. ,ij NknyOe;j thhpahfg;gbf;Fk; ek;gpf;iffSf;Fk; mj;jifNahh; mspj;J fshfj; Njhd;Wth;. ,Ue;jhYk; ]`];u ehkk; mth;fsJ mq;ffhuk; P t;U\fh;kh(jh;kkhfpa fhhpaj;ijr; nra;gtd;) t;U\hf;Ujp (jh;kj;jpw;fhf vtDf;Fr; rhPuk; cs;sNjh) vd;W nrhy;yp Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpwJ. ,iwtDila nray;fNs jh;kk;. jh;kNk ey;nyhOf;fk;. ; me;j ey;nyhOf;fNk mtUila cUtk;.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 19 -

III. jiyg;Gk; Kjy; ];NyhfKk;

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 20 -

III. jiyg;Gk; Kjy; ];NyhfKk;

jiyg;G : tp\;Z ]`];uehkj;jpy; Kjy;thh;j;ij tp];tk;. gpd; Vd; tp];t ]`];u ehkk; vd;wpy;yhky; tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; vd;W jiyg;gpl;bUf;fpwhh;fs;? ,J xU Ritahd Muha;rrp! ; tp];tj;Jf;Fk;> tp\;ZTf;Fk; nghUspNyh> mg;gbnahd;Wk; jiyg;ghfj; nghpa tpj;jpahr Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpNyh ,uz;lhtJ gl;bUf;fpwJ? yypjh ]`];u ehk ];Njhj;jpuj;jpy; filrpthh;jij ; jiyg;ghfpg; ngUik ngWfpwJ. rpt ]`];u ehkj;jpd; jiyg;gpy; cs;s rpt vd;fpw nrhy;Nyh ekJ ftdj;ij <h;fFk; tifapy; ,y;yhky;>mJ gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; ,lj;jpy; ; 614-tJ thh;jijahf kiwe;JiwfpwJ. ;

kpUg;gjhfj; njhpatpy;iy. ,Ue;Jk; Vd; Kjy; ];Nyhfj;jpd; thh;jij ; Njh;enjLf;fg; ;

fghyp j;hp]q;F: m[pj: rpt:

tp];tk; vd;why; midj;Jk; my;yJ KOtJk.; cgh]fd; jpahdj;jpy; cr;rhpf;Fk; Mo;ejpUf;Fk; ; jUzj;jpy; NghJ me;j thh;jijia ; mjd; kl;Lk; jw;fhypfkhfNt

KOikia czh;fpwhd;.

Mdhy; ,e;j tp];tk; vd;gJ

vd;d vd;W mtd; rpe;jpf;f Muk;gpj;j clNdNa kpf vspjhf tp\;Ztpd; rhk;uh[;aj;jpw;Fs; Eioe;J tpLfpwhd;. tp];tk; vd;gJ vd;d tpf;ukzhj; vd;W cgh]fd; vd;gJ njhpe;J tp];tk; nfhs;s vd;Dk; tpUk;Gk;NghJ> jpahdj;jpy; tp\;Z Njhd;Wfpwhh;. tp\;Z nghUspypUe;J tp\;Z vd;Dk; rpe;jidf;Fs; EiotjhFk;.

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 21 -

,q;F tp];tk; vd;gJ Fwpf;Nfhs;. Mdhy; me;j Fwpf;Nfhs; tp\;ZthfTk; ,Uf;fyhNk? tp];tj;jpd; CLUtpa Njhw;wNk tp\;Z. tp];tNk ,q;F tp\;Zthf Muhjpf;fg;gLfpwhh;. gpugQ;rkhfpw tp];tj;ijj; jhq;Fk; tp\;Ztpy; GFe;J jpahdj;jpy; yapj;jhy; kl;LNk cgh]fd;> tp];tj;ijg; ghpG+uzkhfg; Ghpe;J nfhs;s KbAk;. my;yJ jpahd epiyapy; cgh]fdpd; ,yf;F tp];tkhfNt tpUe;jhYk;> mij mwpAk; topKiwfs; tp\;Ztpd; %ykhfj;jhdpUf;Fk;. KO ];Njhj;jpuKk; tp];tj;ijg; gw;wpNa NgrpdhYk;> tp\;Zthy;> tp\;Ztpd; %ykhfNt ];Njhj;jpuj;jpd; eil mike;Jtpl;bUf;fpwJ. vdNt> tp\;Z ]`];u ehkj;jpw;Fg; ngahpLk;NghJ xU Vw;fj;jf;f mZFKiw mq;ffhpf;fg;gl;L P tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; vd;W ngahplg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. Kjy; ];Nyhfk; ]`];u ehkk; tp];tk; vDk; gjj;NjhL njhlq;FfpwJ. tp];tk; vd;why; gpugQ;rk; - mz;lk;. rf;jp tha;ej kpd;dZ fjph;trRfspd; ciwtplk.; Ntjnkhopapy; ; P ; tp];tk; vd;why; gpuk;kk;. g;uztkhfpa Xk;fhuj;jpy; m- c- k; vd;fpw vOj;Jf;fs; tphpthfp VO ,e;jg; gLfpd;wd. t;ah`;Ujpfs; Mfpd;wd. gpugQ;rk; gpugQ;rj;jpd; cUthdNghJ mq;fkhf t;ah`;Ujpfs; cz;lhd vd;W ,Uf;Fk; ,e;j Kjy; VO vd;why; thh;jijfs;. ; rg;jq;fs;(Xirfs;) t;ah`;Ujpfs; miof;fg;

cyfq;fSk;> ,e;j VO t;ah`;Ujpfshy; miof;fg;gLtJ kpfTk; nghUj;jkhf ,Uf;fpwJ.

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 22 -

Xk;G+:
gilg;G mirTfs;

Gt:

];t:

k`:

[e:

jg:

]j;ak;.
me;j vdNt

mirTfis Xirfis

Vw;gLj;JfpwJ.

gjpYf;F

cz;Lgz;Zfpd;wd.

gilg;Gk;> XirAk; NtW NtW mh;jjq;fspy; nrhy;yg;gl;lhYk; ; mit cz;ikapy; xd;wpypUe;J xd;W gphpf;f Kbahjd. Mifahy; ,e;j KOg;gilg;Gk; (gpugQ;rKk;) VO t;ah`;UjpfSs; mlq;fp tpLfpwJ. mJNt ]`];uehkj;jpd; Kjy; thh;jijahfpa tp];tk;. ; ,e;j tp];tk; vd;fpw Kjy; thh;jijapd; ; tphpthf;fk;jhd; tp\;Z ]`];uehkk;. me;j Kjy; thh;ijapy; njhlq;fp gpuk;kk; vd;gJ vd;d vd;gij gy thh;jijfshYk; ; njspTiufshYk; tpthpf;fpwJ. ]`];u ehkj;ijr; nrhd;d gP\kh;> ; Muk;g ];Nyhfj;jpd; mLj;j vl;L thh;jijfspy;> kpfTk; gaDs;s ; ,e;j tp];tk; vd;fpw thh;jijiag; gw;wpa jdJ vz;z ; Xl;lj;ij tpLfpwhh; eWf;Fj; vd;fpw njwpj;jhw;Nghy; Ritahd Fwpg;ghf czh;jjp ; nrhy;ypNa nra;jpiar;

MfNtz;Lk.; Md;kfj; NjLjy;fspy; Mh;tKld; <Lgl;Ls;s P Muk;g rhjidahsdpd;> nghWikiar;Nrhjpf;fhky;> ]`];u ehkj;jpd; ,Wjptiu mtidf; fhj;jpUf;fr; nra;ahky; mtDf;Fk; gadspf;Fk; tifapy; kuGfisnay;yhk; kPwp> nkhj;j ];Nyhfq;fspd; jpul;ilAk; Kjy; ];Nyhfj;jpNyNa je;JtpLfpwhh;. NtW tpjkhfr; nrhy;tjhdhy; Muk;g ];Nyhfj;jpd; Kjy; 9 thh;jijfspNyNa KO ]`];u ehkj;jpd; RUf;fKk; ; jug;gl;LtpLfpwJ. ,e;jf; fUj;Jr; RUf;fk; vt;tsT jpUg;jp fukhf mike;J tpl;bUf;fpwJ
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

vd;gij ,dp ghh;gNghk;. ;

- 23 -

tp];tk; : Vw;fdNt $wpagb tp];tk; vd;gJ gpugQ;rk;> gpuk;kk;

Mfpatw;iwf;Fwpf;Fk;.

tp\;Z : mth; vq;Fk; epiwe;jpUf;fpwhh;> vy;yhtw;wpYk;

CLUtp ,Uf;fpwhh;.

t\l;fhu : vy;yhtw;iwAk; jk; trj;jpy; itj;Jf;nfhz;L

Ms;gtd;> epakpg;gtd; vd;W nghUs;gLk; ,e;j thh;jijiar; ; nrhd;dTld;> ,iwtd; cgh]fdpd;

cs;sj;jpy; gpujp\;ilahfpwhh;.

G+j gt;a gtj;gpuG : fle;j fhy> epfo;fhy> tUq;fhyq;fspd;

flTs; mtNu. gpwg;G> ,wg;G ,y;yhj mth; vd;WkpUf;fpwhh;.

G+jf;Uj; : vy;yh caphpdq;fisAk; rpU\;bg;gth; mtNu>

(rpU\;bAld; mth; Ntiy Kbe;JtpLtjpy;iy. Mifahy;)

G+jg;Uj; : mtw;iw epiy ngwr;nra;J ghJfhf;fpwhh;. ght : KOikapd; tbtkhfTk;> KOikf;F ,Ug;gplkhfTk;
cs;s me;j ,iwtd;> mtw;iw md;Gld; ghJfhf;fpwhh;.

G+jhj;kh : vy;yh caphpdq;fspYk; fz;Zf;Fj; njhpahky;

kiwe;Jiwe;J> mtw;wpy; epiy ngw;wpUf;Fk; Mj;khTk; mtNu. Ke;ija thh;jijahd gt: (mjhtJ KOikapd; ,Ug;gplk;) ; vd;gjid KOikahf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; ,e;j thh;jij ; mike;jpUf;fpwJ. ,e;j fl;lj;jpy; xU Nfs;tp vof;$Lk;. cz;ikapy; xU gf;jdpd; Nehf;fpy; ,iwtd; (tp\;Z) vq;Nf ,Uf;fpwhh;? mth; vy;NyhhpYk; ,Uf;fpwhh; vd;gNj ,e;jf; Nfs;tpf;fhd gjpy;. ,J xU cd;djkhd jj;Jtk;> Nfhl;ghL my;yJ jpl ek;gpf;if. itf;fpwJ> ,iwtidj; ,e;jf; NjLtdpd; rpf;fy;fisj; vy;yh jPhjJ ; ; nfhs;if. ,J Ntjhe;j
- 24 -

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

tprhuq;fspd; rhukhfTk; mike;Jtpl;lJ. ,e;jj; jj;Jtk; ]`];u ehkj;jpd; ,Wjpg; gFjpapy;> gP\khpd; cWjpahd ; nja;tf P Mizahy; njs;sj;njspthf tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ. me;j tpsf;fj;jpw;fhfg; gpwF ehk; rpy thpfis xJf;FNthk;. (jj;tk;> jj;ttpj;> Vfhj;kh)

G+j ghte :
,g;gbahf KOtJk;

mth;jhd; vy;yh caphpdq;fisAk; gpwg;gpg;gth;> KONtjhe;jj;jpd; mlf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwNjh rhuKk; mg;gb> Mw;wypd; ,e;j KO xd;gJ

tsh;ggth;. ([dd ]k;th;jjeh) ; ; vy;iyahf> vg;gb Vopirj; njhFjpapy; (rg;j];tuq;fs;) ,ir thh;jijfspy; mlf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. ; ,e;j KOg; gpugQ;rKk; mtNu. mth; vy;yhtw;wpYk; CLWtp ,Uf;fpwhh;. vq;Fk; tpahgpj;jpUf;fpwhh;. vy;yhkhfTk; ,Uf;fpwhh;. mth; Kf;fhyj;ijAk; fle;j> Kf;fhyj;ijAk; mwpe;j jiyth;. gpwg;G ,wg;G ,y;yhjth;. caphpdq;fisr; rpU\;bg;gtUk; mtNu> tsh;ggtUk; ; mtNu. Nerpg;gtUk; mtNu> ghJfhg;gtUk; mtNu. mthpd;wp vJTNk ,y;iy. xt;nthU caphpdj;jpYk; mth; tho;fpwhh;. Ntjhe;jj;jpd; RUf;fkhfj; fU ]`];u gpd; ehkj;jpy; ,t;thW njhlq;fp> tsh;e;J tpsf;fq;fisj;

njhlh;e;J juthuk;gpf;fpwJ.

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 25 -

IV. tphpthd Ma;T

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 26 -

]`];u ehkj;jpy; tpah]h;

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 27 -

1. ]`];u ehkj;jpy; tpah]h;

t;ah]ha tp\;Z &gha t;ah]&gha tp\;zNt / eNkh it g;u`;k epjNa th]p\;lha eNkh ek : //
tpah]hpd; Gfo;ghLk; Nkw;fz;l ];Nyhfk; tp\;Z ]`];u ehk ghuhazj;jpd; Muk;gj;jpy; tpah]iu tp\;ZTf;Fr; rkkhff; $WfpwJ. ,e;jr; rkNehf;F> xU mwpQhpd; %istsj;jpy; Njhd;wpa fw;gidah my;yJ mjd; ek;gfj;jd;ikf;F ,Uf;fpwjh cz;ikapNyNa tpah]h; VNjDk; Mjhuk; my;yJ vd;fpw fjhehafidj;

JjpghLk;Nghf;fpd; cr;rfl;lkhf ,J tpsq;Ffpwjh? = kfh tp\;ZNt juhrpd; kw;nwhU jl;by; tPwwpUg;gjhy; tpah]Uk;> ; tp\;ZTk; xd;Wjhd; vd;fpw ,e;jf; $w;W rhpahdJjhd; tp\;Z ]`];u vd;gij tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; ep&gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j ];Nyhfj;Jf;fhd fUg;nghUs; tp\;Z

]`];u ehkk; ,e;j ];Nyhfj;ij mq;ffhpf;fpwJ. cz;ikapy; P ehkj;jpypUe;Njjhd; jpul;lg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. tpah]Uila cz;ikg;ngah; fpU\;zh. Vndd;why; mtuJ epwk; fUg;G. mth; gpwe;j jPT> kw;Wk; gjhhpapy; mtuJ gazk; Mfpatw;iw Mjhukhff; nfhz;L mth; j;itghaeh vd;Wk; gjuhaeh vd;Wk; KiwNa miof;fg;gLfpwhh;. Ntjq;fisg; gphpj;Jj; njhFj;jjhy; mtNu tpah]Ukhfpwhh;. t;ah]; vd;why; gphpg;gJ. ,uz;L ,lq;fspy; - mjhtJ

mf;uh`;a: ]h];;tj: f;U\;z: Nyh`pjh~:- vd;Dkplj;jpYk; Ntjh: ];thq;f: m[pj: f;U\;z:- vd;Dkplj;jpYk; fpU\;zh;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 28 -

tUfpwhh;.

Mdhy;

,uz;L

,lq;fspYNk

cld;

tUk;

thh;jijfs;> fpU\;zhtpy; tpah]Uk; ,Uf;fpwhh; vd;fpw ; Njhw;wj;ijf; $l cz;L gz;ztpy;iy.

jpt];gUf; ]h;tj;Uf; t;ah]: thr];gjph; mNahep[: ; j;hp]hkh ]hkf: ]hk - (571-573)

vd;fpw ];Nyhfj;jpy;> tp\;Z ]`];u ehkj;jpy; tpah]hpd; ,lk; cWjp nra;ag;gl;bUf;fpwJ. ,e;j ,lj;jpy;jhd; thrfhpd; ftdk; tp\;Z ]`];u ehkj;jpd; Mrphpahpd;ghy; jpUk;GfpwJ. tp\;Z ]`];u ehkj;jpd; njhFg;ghrphpauhfpa tpah]h;> NkNy nrhd;d me;j VO thh;jijfSf;Fs; ; Xhplj;ijg; gpbj;Jf;nfhz;lhh;. mg;gbj; jd; ngaiu Nrh;jj ; NghJ jdf;F Kd;Dk;> gpd;Dk; kpfr; rpwe;jtw;iwr; Nrh;ggjpy; ; kpfTk; ftdkhf ,Ue;jpUf;fpwhh;. G+Nyhfk;> ]`];u ehkk; ];th;ffNyhfk; ; Mfpatw;iw myr tp\;Z Ntz;b vy;yhf;Nfhzq;fspYk;

apUg;gjhy; vLj;j vLg;gpNyNa tp];tk;> j;t\;llh> ];jtp\;l: ;

mh;jj: meh;jj: - Mfpatw;iwg; gw;wpg; NgRfpwhh;. ruhrhp ; ;

kdpjdhf ,Ue;jhYk; rhp> mwpQdhf ,Ue;jhYk; rhp ,e;j thh;jijfis xNu khjphpahfj;jhd; Ghpe;J nfhs;sKbAk;. ; mit kdpj epiyapYk;> nja;tf epiyapYk; jhf;fj;ij P Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd. ve;j NeUk;NghJ> kfpo;rrpiaANk ; tp\;Z ]`];u nfhz;Ltpl;l kdpjdhf Kjypy; ,Ue;jhYk; jd;Dila Xhplj;jpy; trpf;f nrsfhpaq;fisAk;> mJNghyNt ,Ug;gplkhff; NghyNt

gpujhdkhff; ehkj;ijNa tpah]Uk;>

nfhs;fpwhd;. jd;Dila

kw;nwy;NyhiuAk;

jd;Dila u]idfSf;Nf Kjyplk; nfhLj;jhh;. mth; vg;gb

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 29 -

tp\;Z

]`];u

ehkj;jpd;

,jaj;ijNa

jd;Dila

,Ug;gplkhfj; Njh;enjLj;jhh; vd;gij ,g;nghOJ ghh;gNghk;. ; ; khKdpth; tpah]iug; gw;wpj; jtwhf ehd; VNjh nrhy;y tUfpNwd; kdpjdpd; vd;W thrfh;fs; epidj;Jtpl FiwghLfis kl;LNk ,Ue;jJ tpah]h; vd;Wjhd; Ntz;lhk;. ntspr;rk; vd;fpw nrhy;y ,aw;ifahd gq;fspg;G

Nghl;Lf;fhl;Ltjw;fhf fjhghj;jpuj;jpd; tUfpNwd;.

jd; ngahpd; Kd;Dk; gpd;Dk; tpah]h; ahh; ahUf;F ,lk; nfhLj;jpUf;fpwhh; vd;W ,g;nghOJ ghh;gNghk;. ;

jpt];gUf; vd;gtUf;F thdNk vy;iy. thdj;ij ;

msf;f KbahjJNghy; ,tiuAk;msf;f KbahJ. xU G+uzj;Jtj;jpd; ghjp ntspg;ghLjhd; jpt];gUf;. ; mJ ,ul;ilapd; xUghjp. ,d;ndhU ghjp G+];g;Uf;> mij mj : ];gUf; vd;Wk; ; nrhy;yyhk;. re;jh;ggR+o;epiyapy; gphpe;j jpt];gUf;Fk;> G+];g;Uf;Fk; ; ; Nrh;eJjhd; KOikahd xd;whf MfpwJ. ; Mdhy; mtuJ (vg;gb ,e;j ,lj;jpy; gpwF tpah]Uila nrhy;fpNwd;) nrYj;jp ,yf;F Nehf;fk; mtid

jpt];gUf; kl;LNk. FUthfTk;> MrhdhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;w ;

vd;gijg; ]hjfid G+kpapy; js;sp cyf Mrhghrq;fspy; mtid %o;fbg;gJ my;y. thd;khh;ffkhfr; ; Md;kfr; nropg;GfisAilatdhf Mf;FtJjhd;. P gpd;dhy; tUk; jutpzg;uj> vd;Dk; thh;j;ijahy; ce;jg;gl;Ljhd; nropg;Gfs; vd;W ehd; nrhy;fpNwd;.

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 30 -

]h;tj;Uf;

mth;

vy;yhtw;iwAk;

ghh;ffpwth;> ;

mth;

vy;yhtw;iwAk;mwpe;jth;. Mifahy;mth; vq;Fk; epiwe;jth;. ,e;j ]h;tj;Uf; ,jw;F Kd;G xU Kiw ]pk;`: Tf;F neUq;fpa clDiwahf (200) Njhd;wpapUf;fpwhh;. mk;Uj;A: ]h;tj;Uf; ]pk;` : ,e;j ]pk;`> ,q;F =eu]pk;`j;ijf; Fwpf;Fk;. ]j;aghkhit ghkh vd;W nrhy;fpNwhkpy;iyah?-mJNghy. Mjprq;fuh; $Wfpwhh;. e;U]g;jNyhNge ]j;aghkh ghkh ,jptj; ]pk;`:. [lkhd J}zpypUe;J ntspg;gl;L jhd; vq;Fk; epiwe;jth; vd;fpw cz;ikia ep&gpj;jth; eu]pk;`khfpa = k`htp\;Z. tp\;Zthfpa jd;Dila epiyiar; re;Njfkw;wjhf;F tjw;fhfNt> tpah]h; ]h;tj;Uf;iff; $g;gpl;Lj; jd;Dld; ,Uj;jpf;nfhs;fpwhh;. Mifahy; tpah]Uk; vy;yhk; mwpe;j> vq;Fk; epiwe;j rf;jpahfpwhh;. ,q;Fjhd; tp\;ZTk;> tpah]Uk; rkk; vd;fpw epiy ,WjpahfpwJ - cWjpahfpwJ.

tpah]h; vd;Dk; M]hd; (FU)

thr];gjp
Kd;djhf> : vd;fpw thh;jij ; FUNthL ,ize;jJ.

FU:
vd;W tUfpwJ.

FUjhNkh>

jhk................

thr];gjp:/

cjhujP (rpwe;j QhdKilath;) - ,g;nghOJ ,q;Nf te;J tpah]iu Mrhd; my;yJ FU vd;fpw epiyf;F cah;jJfpwJ. ;

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 31 -

FUkhh;fSf;nfy;yhk; FUty;yth tpah]h;?

]{fjhjk; jNghepjpk; / thr: tpj;ahgjp: //-Mf tpsq;Fk; mtiuj;

jtpu NtWahuhy; Ntjq;fisg; gFj;J Muha;eJ njhFf;f ; KbAk;? mth; Ntjq;fisg; gphpj;jhh; vd;gij>

j;hp]hkh ]hkf: ]hk

vd;W mtuJ ngaiuj; njhlUk; thh;jijfs; ; ghLk; Ntjq;fspd; ghly;fs; cWjp nra;fpd;wd. Ntjq;fisAk;> Ntjtpah]iuAk; gphpf;fKbahJ. vdNtjhd; Kd;djhf>

Ntj : Ntjtpj; . Ntjtpj;ftp : (127-132)

vd;nwy;yhk; Ntjq;fs; gphpf;fg;gl;lNghJ tpah]h; ftp> vd;fpw thh;jijahy; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwhh;. midtUk; xg;Gf;nfhs;Sk; ; tifapy; mtNu thr];gjpAk; Mfpwhh;. ftp : - f;fhf

f;uhe;jjh;]P ftp : ]h;tj;Uf; vd;W Mjp rq;fuh; nrhy;Yk;NghJ mtuJ Nehf;fj;ijf; ftdpg;gJ ,d;wpaikahjJ. tp\;Z ]`];u ehkj;jpy; tpah]iu Ntjq;fspypUe;J gphpj;Jtplhj tifapy; ,e;j

Ntjtpj; (]h;tj;Uf;) ftp:

- ]h;tj;Uf; tpah]:- Tld;

,izf;fg;gl;Lj; njhlu Ntz;Lk; vd;gJjhd; mtuJ Mo;ej ; rpe;jidapd; ntspg;ghlhfj; Njhd;WfpwJ. xU gpwf;fhjth; rpf;fyhd Mrphpahpd; vd;W jpwik mtUila vd;fpw jd;dpfhpy;yh NghjdhKiwahy; gspr;rpLfpwJ. mNahep[ : (ngz;fs; %yk; nghUs;) thh;jijapYs;s ; tpah]h; jUk; fUj;ijj; njspthf;f

vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; Kjy; jukhdit ; ,iwtdpd; gy;NtW

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 32 -

mtjhuq;fl;Fk;. Vd;? tpah]hpd; gpwg;Gf;Fk; $l .,e;j cUtq;fs; kdpjdpd; mtdJ ghpzhk tsh;rrpapd; ; tpsf;fkhf mike;Jtpl;ljhy; mNahep[j;tj;ij> (ngz;zpd; rk;ge;jNk ,y;yhky; gpwg;gJ) Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Kbatpy;iy. Mifahy;jhd;> tpah]uhfpa thr];gjp.

mNahep[:

vd;W

$wpaJk;>

j;hp]hkh ]hkf : ]hk /

vd;W njhlh;fpwhh;. Nahdp[ : (ngz; %ykhfg;gpwg;gJ) vd;fpw nghJf;fUj;ij> ghh;g;gJ nrhy;yg;gLfpd;w fUj;Jf;F KbahJ. tp\;Z ]`];u ehkj;ijj; njhlh;eJ ; nra;gth;fSf;F> ghuhazk; Ntjq;fspd; Mz;ikf;Fr; tplr; Njhw;wj;Jld; rk;ge;jg;glhj rpwe;j cjhuzk; nghUj;jpg; tp\ak; ,Uf;f vd;gJ> fw;gidf;nfl;lhj mngsUN\a vd;W gpwF> mNahep[:

vd;gijg; gpufldg;gLj;jpahfp tpl;lJ. Ntjq;fis

j;hp]hkh ]hkf: ]hNkjp `;Ujak;

vd;fpw Ke;ija njhlh; epidtpUf;Fk;. cz;ikapy; xUth;

Nahep[ - th my;yJ mNahep[ - th vd;fpw ghpG+h;zkhd

El;gkhd cz;ikiar; nrhy;tjw;fhfNt tpah]h; ,g;gb el;l eLtpy; Mjpf;fkhf mkh;ejpUf;fpwhh;. ; ,e;jj; njhlhpy; `;Ujak; vd;gJ kdijf; Fwpf;Fk;> gpwF> ,e;j KO gpugQ;rk;> ghpzhktsh;rrp Mfpait me;j ; ,iwtdpd; kd]q;fy;gj;jpd;> tpisTjhd; vd;gij mJ nrhy;ytUfpwJ. ,e;j vz;zk;

tp];tfh;kh kD :
vd;fpw mwptpg;ghy; NkYk; myq;fhpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 33 -

Nahep[:
gpuN[hw;gj;jpapd;

ghypay; mwpT

tl;lj;ijr; G+h;tkhd

Rw;wpte;J rpU\;b

mJNt topahf

,iwtdhy; cz;lhf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;j Nahep[ fz;Nzhl;lNk> kdpj ,ay;gpd; xU gFjpahfp> mJNt kdpjdpd; mf;fiw vd;whfp tpl;lJ. Mdhy; Mj;kh Nahep[ tl;lj;jpw;F ntspapNyNa epw;fpwJ. xUtDila tpidg;gaid Kd;dpWj;jp gpwg;Gk;>

kWgpwg;Gk; mjidNa fhuzkhff; nfhz;L> ,iwtdpd; kd]q;fy;gj;jpdhy; mikfpd;wd. tp\;Z ]`];u ehkj;jpd; ,Wjpapy; ,e;jf; fUj;J>

Mj;kNahep : ];taQ;[hj : itfhe (1) : ]hkfhae :

vd;fpw thpfshy; njs;sj; njspthf tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ. thrfh;fs;>

mNahep[ : it Mj;kNahep : ];tak; [hj - TlDk; j;hp]hkh ]hkf: ]hkhit> ]hkfhae: TlDk; nghUj;jpg;
ghh;ff Kaw;rpf;fNtz;Lk;. ,g;gbahf kpfTk; Kf;fpakhd ; mwpnthsptPRk; ,lj;ij tp\;Z ]`];u ehkj;jpy; tpah]h; vLj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhh;.

(1) itfhe : vd;why; Njhz;Lgth; vd;W nghUs;.

kdpjd; czTf;fhfj; Njhz;Lfpwhd;. mjpU\;lj;jpw;fhfj; Njhz;Lfpwhd;. ,Wjpahf ];th;f;fk; my;yJ eufj;jpw;F jd;idf; nfhz;L nry;Yk; rkhjpf;fhfj; Njhz;Lfpwhd;.)

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 34 -

]`];u ehkj;jpy; FU : ]`];u ehkk; xU FU vg;gb ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd;gij kpf ed;whfr; nrhy;fpwJ.

FU : FUjk: jhk: ]j;a: ]j;a guhf;uk: / epkp\: mepkp\: ];uf;tP thr];gjP : cjhujP : // mf;uzP : f;uhkzP : ];hkhd; e;aha : Nejh ]kPuz : / P
xU Mrphpah; kpf cauj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; ,Uf;if Ntz;Lk;. khpahijf;Fhpa cz;ikNa tpjj;jpy; jhk mwpAk; gz;ghf NeUk; (jhk = cyfq;fs; midj;jpw;Fk; ,Ug;gplkhdth;)> mtuJ vy;NyhUk; tz;zk; mika Ntz;Lk;. mth; cz;ikahdtuhf ,Uf;f mtuJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;f rkak; jd;Dila Ntz;Lk;. ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. Nghnjy;yhk;> fz;zpikj;Jk; ghh;ffNtz;Lk;. ; (epkp\ : mepkp\ : ) kd;dpg;gJk;> fz;bg;gJk; Mrphpahplk; rkNehf;fpy; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. mth; nfsutkhfj; jd;id myq;fhpj;Jf; nfhz;L tuNtz;Lk;.

(]j;a
ghh;f;f

]j;aguhf;fuk:)

Njitf;Nfw;g

khzth;fis

fz;nfhl;lhkYk;

(];uf;tP - khiyazpe;jth;) Ngr;rpy; mUtpahf> gapw;W

tpg;gjpy; ,uf;f FzKilatuhf jdJ ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. kiwf;ff; jhdwpe;jtw;iw QhdKilath;.) gpwuhy; gpd;gw;wj; jf;fnjhU cjhuz GU\dhf mth; jpfo Ntz;Lk;. (mf;uzP - mbahh;fis NkYk; NkYk; caur; nra;gth;: f;uhkzp - jiytd;) khzhf;fh;fsplkpUe;J

$lhJ. (thr];gjp : nrhy;Yf;F mjpgjp : cjhujP : rpwe;j

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 35 -

=khd; - mth; fz;zpakhd fdthdhf (=khd; ) - ePjp>

Neh;ik kpf;ftuhf (e;aha : Nejh: ) ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. FUthdth; cz;ikapNyNa r%fj;jpd; ,d;wpaikahj caph; %r;R (]kPuzk;). tho;Tf;Fg; gpuhzd; vg;gbNah mwpitj; NjLNthUf;Ff; FUTk; mg;gbNa. ,e;j Mrphpahplk; ,Uf;Fk; ghlg;gFjp

]`];u%h;jjh ;

tp];thj;kh

]`];uh~

]`];ughj; mjhtJ ,tuJ tFg;giwapy; Nghjpf;fg;gLtJ

]`];u ehkhitj; jtpu Ntwpy;iy.

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 36 -

tp];tk; - tp];t%h;jjp : ;

(717)

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 37 -

2. tp];tk; - tp];t%h;j;jp : (717)

(mUtj;jpypUe;J cUtj;jpw;F)
Rj;jkhf> cUtkpy;yhjjhf ,Uf;Fk; tp];tj;jpy; tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk; Muk;gpf;fpwJ. ,e;j tp];tk; vd;gJ> cgh]fhpd; fw;gidf;fg;ghw;gl;lJ. ]`];uehkk;> gbg;gbahf cgh]fidg; gapw;Wtpj;J. mUtkhd cWjpahd fUj;ij vd;fpw ,e;jj; cUtkpy;yhj cUtj;jpy; juthhpahd Ma;T> tp];tj;ijg;gw;wpa tp];tj;jpypUe;J> topelj;jpr; chpa rPuhd ,Uj;j>

tp];t%h;jjp: ;
nry;fpwJ. xspA+l;b>

topKiwapy; gbg;gbahf> xt;nthUgbAk; ekf;Fj; njspT+l;b>

tp];tfh;kh> tp];tNujh: tp];tNahep: tp];tNahep: tp];thj;kh> tp];tj;Uf;> tp];tGf;>tp];tgh`{:tp];tj~pz:

Mfpatw;wpD}Nl nry;fpwJ. tp];tj;jpy; ,e;j xd;gJ njhlq;fpa xUth;> mtuJ ,Wjpapy; gpugQ;r tp];t%h;jjpia ; fz;Zf;Fj; ];gbfkhd topKiwiaj; ailtjw;F ,e;j xd;gJ thh;jijfsAk; fle;jhf Ntz;Lk;. ; thh;j;ijfspYk; tp];tk; epiynfhz;L njhpahky; fiue;jpUf;Fk;

tp];t%h;jjpapy; ; njspthf;FfpwJ.

tp];t%h;jjp : ,e;j fl;Liug; nghUspd; Kbthd thh;jij ; ;

Mifahy;> ]`];u ehkk; tp];t%h;jjpf;Fg; gpwF tp];thit ; Kd;dpWj;jp ve;j thh;jijiaANk nrhy;ytpy;iy. ;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 38 -

tp];t%h;jjp : ;

(717)

,e;j cUtkpy;yhjJ> nfhQ;rq;nfhQ;rkhf ntspf; nfhzug;gl;L> xU Ghpe;J nfhs;sf; $ba

tp];t%h;jjp : // ;
vd;fpw cUtkhf vg;gb MfpwJ vd;gjid MuhAk; ,e;jr; nray;Kiw tpsf;fj;jpy;> ,e;j tp];t%h;jjpapd; Kf;fpaj; ; Jtj;ij ]`];uehkk; vg;gb tpthpf;fpwJ vd;gijg; Ghpe;J nfhs;s Kaw;rpg;Nghk;. ]`];uehkj;jpd; rpfuk; Nghd;w Kjy; thh;jijahfpa> ; tp];tj;ij tpthpf;f Kaw;rpg;gjhy; ,e;jg; ghlk; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhfpwJ. = gP\kh; mj: vd;fpw Gdpjkhd thh;jijAld; me;j ; ; tpsf;fj;ijj; <h;g;gjw;fhf njhlq;Ffpwhh;. mg;Gwk;? vd;W Nfl;gtuJ ehk; ftdj;ij nrhy;tjpy;iyah?

mJNghyNt mj: (mjd;gpwF?) vd;W mth; Nfl;fpwhh;.

mj mguh[pj : (mj) tp];t%h;jjp : k`h%h;jjp : ; ; jPgj%h;jjp : m%h;jjpkhd; mNef%h;jjpmt;af;j ]j%h;jjp : ; ; ; ; ; ]jhee : Vf : ief : ]t : f : fpk; aj; aj; gjkEj;jkk;. ] : vd;W nrhy;yg;gLfpw me;j ,iwtd;> jPgj%h;jjp: k`h%h;jjp m%h;jjpkhd; t;af;j: Vf: / ; ; ; ; vg;nghOJ jd;dpr;irahf caphpdq;fspy; tho epidj;jhNuh
mg;nghONj mth; gythfp Mfptpl;lhh;.

ief: ]j%h;jjp: ]jhee: ;

thfj;njspthfpj; njhpfpwhh;. mg;gbNa tp];t%h;jjpAk; ;

tp];t%h;jjpu];a ;
Mjprq;fuh;. ,q;F

]h;thj;kfj;thj;
tp];t%h;jjpapd; ;

vd;fpwhh;> GU\

tpsf;fk;

]_f;jj;jpy; cs;s Muk;g thh;jijfspd; kW gjpg;G. ;

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 39 -

tp];tj;jpypUe;J tp];t %h;jjp: tiuapYs;s xd;gJ ; thh;jijfs; Vf : vd;W nrhy;yg;gLfpd;w ,e;j xd;wpypUe;J ; vg;gb ,e;jg; gy Tk; (ief: tp];t%h;jjp: ) Njhd;wpd ; vd;gjid Kiwg;gb tpsf;FfpwJ.

tp];tfh;kh kE :

(51)

tp];tfh;kh vd;why; tp];tj;ij cUthf;fpath; vd;W nghUs; tp];tNk (gpugQ;rNk) mtuJ nray; vd;Wk; nghUs; nfhs;syhk;. ,e;jg; gpugQ;rk; vg;gb te;jJ? vd;gjid mLj;j thh;jijahd kE : nrhy;fpwJ. ;

ke;ehj; kE : - kE : kd;jh
Let there be light He saw- and there was light- Bible (tR=)

mth; epidj;jhh; - mq;F gpugQ;rk; te;jJ> gpugQ;rk; mtuJ kd]q;fy;gj;jpd; tpisT. me;j j;t\;lh> ];jtp\;l : kpfr; rd;dkhdJ Kjy; kpfTk; jbj;jJ tiuapyhd ,e;j KOg; gpugQ;rj;jpw;fhfTk; NgRfpwJ.

mZ : g;U`j; f;U] : ];J}y : /

tp];tNujh : g;u[hgt : (88)

,q;F ]`];uehkk;> tp];tfh;khit cyfpay; my;yJ kz;Zyfg; ghh;itapy;> kdpj Nehf;fpy;> NkYk; tphpthff; $wp ];U\;bapd; topKiwfis NkYk; tphpthf tpsf;FfpwJ.

Nujh : vd;gJ> ngz;fs; fUj;jhpj;J ]e;jjpia

cw;gj;jp nra;tjpy;> Mz;fspd; gq;fhfpa Nuj]; (,e;jphpak;) vd;fpw tpijiaf; Fwpf;fpwJ (g;u[hgt:).

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 40 -

g`{]puh: gg;U: tp];tNahep ]{rp];ut: (117)

tp];tNujh- it KOikahf;Fk; ngz;ikapd; gq;F tp];tNahep: tp];tNujhTk;> tp];tNahepAk; ,y;yhky; tk;]k;
tpUj;jpahtJ vd;gJ Kbahj fhhpak;. ,e;j Mgh]khd (?!) ,dr;Nrh;fifia xOf;fkw;w nraiyr; rKjhaj;jpy; J}z;b ; tpLfpwJ tpy;iy. vd;fpw tpkhprdf; fz;Nzhl;lj;ij tp\;Z ]`];uehkk;> fz;Lk; fhzhky; ghuhKfkhf ,Ue;Jtpl

]{rp];ut: vd;W mwptpj;JtpLfpwJ. (]{rp];ut:

vd;why; J}a nrhw;fisNa Nfl;gtd; vd;WnghUs;) jd;Dila ghugl;rkw;w fhjhy; ,e;jg; Gdpjr; nray;ghl;ilr; nrtpkLf;fNtz;Lk;. ve;j topapy; ,J GdpjkhdJ vd;gJ tp];tNahep: ,uz;lhk; Kiw tUk;NghJ> Gdh;t]{: (];U\;bj;J me;j ];U\;bapNyNa tho;tJ vd;W nghUs;) vd;fpw thh;jijahy; ; tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ.

g`_]pu: (gy jiyfisAilath;) vd;fpw thh;jij ;

,e;j thpirapy; tp];t%h;jjp : vd;Dk; nghUSf;F ];Ujp ; Nrh;fFk; tpjj;jpy; mike;jpUf;fpwJ. ;

tp];tNahep : Gdh; t]{ : (149)

tp];tNahep:
rhjhuzkhf Gdpjkhd ,q;F ,uz;lhk; epfo;thf Kiwahf ghypay; tUfpwJ. xU ,e;j Ghpe;Jnfhs;sg;gl;l epfo;it

];U\;bf;fhd

cah;jJtNj ;

GdUf;jpapd; (GdUf;jp - nrhd;dijNa jpUk;g nrhy;Yjy;); Nehf;fkhFk;.

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 41 -

Mjprq;fuh; Geh;t]{: it>

Ge : Ge : ]hPNu\P t]jp N~j;uf;Q &Ngz ,jp kPzLk; kPzLk; ekJ ]hPuj;jpy; N~j;uj;Quhf trpf;fpwhh; ; ; vd;W tpsf;Ffpwhh;. ,iwtd; kPzLk; kPzLk; N~j;uf;Quhf ; ; jd;id ntspg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;fpwhh; vd;Dk;NghJ>

tp];tNujh: kw;Wk; tp];tNahep: apd; khw;wk; ntWk; ngsjpf

epfo;Nt. fPokl;l clw;$wpaypy; kl;LNk ghypay; NtWghL ; ,Uf;fpwJ. cah; Md;kf epiyapy; MizAk; ngz;izAk; P ,dk;gphpj;Jf; fhzKbahJ. Mifahy;> Mjprq;fuh;

tp];tNujh: tp];tNahep: Mfpa ,uz;ilAk; xNu khjphpahf> tp];t];a fhuzj;thj; vd;W tpsf;Ffpwhh;.

tp];thj;kh (425)
tp];tNujhTk;> ,Wjpg;gad; tp];thj;kh tpsf;fk;> vJ tp];tNahepAk; ,q;F cwthLk; ehkk; epiyapd; kPzLk; ; tp];thj;kh. vd;gij ]`];u

]`];u

%h;jj ;

tp];thj;kh

]`];uh~ ]`];ughj; vd;W $wp tpsf;FfpwJ. ,e;j ]j%h;jjp ]jhee : tpd; ;

kw;nwhU gbtkhfp> fl;Liug; nghUshf ehk; ghh;fFk; ;

tp];t%h;jjp : apd; Rikiaj; jhq;fpepw;fpwJ. ;

tp];tj;Uf; tp];tGf;tpG : (238 - 239)

,e;j ,uz;L thh;j;ijfshYk; tp];tj;jpDs; tp];thj;kh Vw;wpUf;Fk; ghfk; $wg;gLfpwJ. mth; tp];tj;ijj; jhq;Fgth; (tp];tj;Uf;) tp];tj;ij mDgtpg;gth; (tp];tGf;)

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 42 -

tp];t%h;jjp> ]jhee : tpd; kw;WnkhU cUtkhd ;

gpujhd thh;jijahd tp];t%h;jjpAld; ,izfpwJ. ; ; `puz;afh;ghjp&Ngz tptpjk;

tpG:

gtjPjp tpG : -

vd;fpwhh; Mjprq;fuh;.

,g;gbahf tp];tk; tpjtpjkhd tbtnkLf;Fk; xt;nthU epiyapYk;> tp];t%h;j;jp : VjhtJ xU xj;j cUtj;jpy; jd;id ntspg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;fpwhh;.

tp];tgh`_: tp];tj~pz : (316 - 425)

Kd;nrhd;d tp];tj;Uf; kw;Wk; tp];tGf; Tk; NgRfpd;wd. Mfpa

,uz;ilAk; gw;wp> KiwNa tp];tgh`_: Tk; tp];tj~pz: -

tp];tj;Uf; : nray;jpwidg; gw;wpg; Ngrpdhy; tp];tgh`_: me;jr; nraypd; cly; rhh;ej epiyiag; gw;wpg; ;
NgRfpwJ. (Njhs;fs;jhd; Rkf;fpd;wd)

tp];tGf;:

,iwtdJ Mw;wiyg; gw;wpg; NgRk;NghJ (j~jh) NgRfpwJ.

tp];tj~pz : mtuJ jpwik my;yJ jFjpiag; gw;wpg; tp];tgh`_-Tf;F

thh;jijfisr; ; mUfhikapy; Muha;ejhy; ; mike;jpUf;Fk; mJ tp\;Z

RUf;fkhf

]`];uehkj;jpd; kpfr; rpwe;j nrhy; Neh;jjpiaAk; mw;Gjkhd ; cs;Nehf;fj;ijAk; tpsq;f itf;fpwJ.

f;Nuhj`h f;Nuhjf;Uj; fh;jjh tp];tgh`_: k`Pju : ;

Nfhgj;ij ];U\;bg;gtUk; ,iwtNd (f;Nuhjf;Uj;) Nfhgj;ij kl;Lk;jhd; mth; ];U\;bf;fpwhuh? vy;yhtw;Wf;FNk

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 43 -

mtNujhd; ];U\;bfh;jjhthifahy; mth; tp];tgh`_: ; mtUila Njhs;fNs ,e;jg; G+Tyifr; Rkf;fpd;wd.(k`Pju:) ,q;F k`Pju : mUt czh;tpy; NgRfpwJ. Mdhy;

tp];tgh`_ : cly; rhh;ej my;yJ jpz;ikahd czh;tpy; ;

NgRfpwJ. ,Ug;gpDk; tp];tgh`_thy; tp];tj;ijg; ,uz;L gw;wpg; czh;TfisANk ifahsKbAk;.

NgRk;NghJ mUt czh;itAk; gh`{: gw;wpg;NgRk; NghJ cUt czh;itAk; ntspf;nfhzh;fpwJ. NkYk; tp];t%h;jjp ; Aldhd cwtpy; tp];tgh`_: cgh]fDf;F ,iwtdpd; ,ju ngsjpfepiyfis tphpthf Muha xU jsj;ij mikj;Jf; nfhLf;fpwJ. my;yJ ,iwtdpd;>

tp];th~: tp];tghj: tp];t%h;jh tp];thee:

Nghd;w NkYk; gy tbtq;fisg; gw;wp vz;zj;ijj; Njhd;w itf;fpwJ. ,g;gb> tp];tk; thpirapy; ngsjpfepiyapy; ciwAk; thh;jijfshd ; epidf;Fk;

tp];tNujh:

tp];tNahep:

tp];tgh`_: tp];tGf;>
czh;tpd;

Mfpait tp];t%h;jjpiar; nrd;wilfpd;wd. ;

tp];tfh;kh> tp];tj~pz:
-

tp];thj;kh>
Mfpa

tp];tj;Uf;>
mUt

thh;jijfs; ;

ghw;gl;ljhy; tp];tj;ijr; nrd;wilfpd;wd. RUq;fr; nrhd;dhy; tp];t%h;jjp: ]j%h;jjp: ]jhee: ; ; Mfpatw;iwj;jtph;jJ G+kpapy; ehk; ghh;fFk;> iffhy;fs;> fz;> ; ; Kfk; Mfpatw;Wld; $ba vy;yh cUtq;fisAk; Fwpf;f

tp];tgh`_: ,Uf;fpwhh; vd;W ehk; nrhy;yyhk;.

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 44 -

tp];uhk : tp];tj~pz : (424 - 425)

,e;jr; RUf;fkhd> nghUl;nrwpTs;s tp];tj;ijg; gphpj;Jr;nrhy;Yk; gFjpapy; tp];tj~pz: vd;Dk; thh;jij ; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ.

tp];uhk: vDk; thh;jijAld;> mJ kpf cah;ej ; ;

ke;jpuj;ijAk;> gy];UjpiaAk; ,e;jg;gphpTf;Fj; jUfpwJ. Royr;R Nghd;w tp];tk; vd;fpw thh;jijAld; tp];uhk: ;

tp];tj~pz: gy];Ujp rfyj;ijAk; cs;slf;fpf; nfhz;L

tpLfpwJ. ,q;F tp];tj~pz: tp];tj;jpy; tpUk;gg;gLk; vijAk;> vy;yhtw;iwAk; nfhLg;gth;. vdNtjhd;> Mjp rq;fuh; tp];uhk: it fPotUkhW tpsf;Ffpwhh;. ;

]k;]hu ]hfNu ~{j; gpgh]hjp \l;kph;gp: juq;fpNj mtpj;ahjp k`hf;Nyi]: kjhjpgp: cgf;Nyi]: rt]PfUjhehk; tp];uhe;jpk; ; fhq;~ khzhdhk; tp];uhkk; Nkh~k; fNuhjPjp tp];uhk: /
,q;F Fwpf;fpd;wd. Fwpf;fpd;wd. tpLjiy Mdhy; grpAk;> ,Wkhg;G jhfKk; Nghd;wit clypd; kdjpd; Jd;gj;ijf; Jd;gj;ijf;

mwpahikahy; Vw;gLk; khaj;Njhw;wq;fshy; Nkh~j;jpd; top milf;fg;gLfpwJ. tpUg;gj;ijAk; xt;nthU

my;yJ

tp];tj~pz:

epiwNtw;wpj;jUfpwJ. cgh]fUf;F cWjpahf;fg;gLk; tp];uhk epiy ,e;jg; gphptpd; ,Wjpapy; Njhd;Wk; jj;gj kEj;jkk; vd;gijj; jtpu Ntwpy;iy. ,g;gbahf ,e;j 11 thh;jijfSf;Fs; tp];tk; vg;gbj; ; Njhw;wnkLf;fpwJ vg;gb cUtkpy;yhj tp];tk; cUtKs;s
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 45 -

tp];t%h;jjpahfpwJ> tp];tk; vg;gb te;jJ? vg;gb epiy ; ngw;wJ?. vg;gbg; gzpahw;WfpwJ? jpahdj;jpy; - gy];Ujpahy; <h;ffg; gLtJl;gl;l> mJ vg;gb ifahsg;glNtz;Lk;? vd;gJ ; Nghd;w tptuq;fs; mlq;fpapUf;fpd;wd. ,Wjpahf ,e;jg; gphptpy;> jpahdk; nra;Ak; cgh]fh;

]`];u%h;jjp> tp];thj;kh> ]`];uh~> ]`];ughj; ;

my;yJ

]j%h;jjp: ]jhee: ;
(my;yJ)

mee;j&g: mee;j =: mee;j&g: mee;j =:

Mfpatw;iw kl;LNk ghh;jJ ; czUk; xU R+o;epiyapy; ,Uj;jg;gLfpwhh;.

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 46 -

tp];t&g :

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 47 -

3.

tp];t&g :
vLj;Jf;fhl;LfSld; mike;Jtpl;bUf;fpwJ. thh;jijfshd ;

]`];uehkhtpy; tp];t&ghtpd; rpj;jhpg;G> mNefkhf Ritahdjhf> $bajhf jPlba ; nrhd;dTlNdNa gapw;Wtpg;gjhf> Xtpak;Nghy Ghpe;J

nfhs;sf;$ba

tp];tk;> tp\;Z: g;u`;k Mfpatw;iwj; jtpu> tp];t&ghtpd;

ntt;NtW ghpkhzq;fis tpsf;ff;$ba NtW rpy ,ul;il thh;jijfSk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ;

(
Nyh`pjh~:
thh;jijfSk;> ;

Nyh`pjh~: g;ujh;je: (59 > 60)

kr;rhtjhuj;ijAk;>

i)

g;ujh;je:

gpusa

fhyj;jpy; mopf;Fk; rf;jpiaAk; Fwpf;fpd;wd. ,e;j ,uz;L $l;lhf> tp];t&ghtpd; ghpzhkj; Njhw;wq;fisg; NgRfpd;wd. ,e;j ,uz;L thh;jijfSNk ; fpU\;zhitj; njhlh;tjhy;> gj;J mtjhuq;fSf;Fs;Sk;> nghpJk; Ngrg;gLfpd;w tp];t%h;jjpahfpa ,iwtid vspjhf ; nkhopngah;ffpd;wd. ; (Nyh`pjh~: vd;why; mofpa nre;jhkiuf; fz;zd; vd;W nghUs;. kr;rhtjhuj;jpy; kPdpd; fz;fs; moF. vdNt ,e;j nrhy; kr;rhtjhuj;ij epidT gLj;JfpwJ.)

g;uG+j : j;hpfFg;jhk (61 > 62)

,q;F tp];t&gh> fPo; - eL - Nky;kl;lg; gpuhe;jpa my;yJ> FbapUg;Gj; Njhw;wq;fshy; tpsf;fg;gLfpd;wd. (j;hpfFg;jhkh vd;why; gukgjj;ij ,Ug;gplkhf cilatd;>
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 48 -

ii )

%d;W

Kfg;GfisAila

tuhfkhf

mtjhpj;jtd;

vd;W

nghUs;) mit ,iwtd; trpf;Fk; ,iwtdJ ,Ug;gplq;fs; (g;uG+j: vq;Fk; epiwe;jtd;> kpfg;nghpa) ,q;F mf;uh`;a: f;U\;zh KO cUtj;jpy; Njhw;wkspf;fpwhh;.

( iii )
epd;w jpUf;Nfhyj;jpy; tp];t&ghtpd; tpsf;fk; ,J. (e;af;Nuhj: vd;why; vd;W fPNo epd;W Nth;fshfp G+kpf;Fs; tzq;Fgth;fshy; tpOJfs; Gije;J ,e;j G+kpapy; epWj;jg;gl;ltd; fpisfspypUe;J Nt&d;Wfpd;wd. epiy. nghUs;). Mykuj;jpd;

e;af;Nuhj : cJk;gu : (827) m];tj;j : (828)

fPopwq;fp>

jiuapypUe;J

,wq;Fk;

nrq;Fj;jhd epiy> e;af;Nuhj: fPoNehf;fp G+kpf;Fs; nry;Yk; ; kw;nwhUkuk;

cJk;gu: (cJk;gu: vd;why; cah;ej ;

gukgjj;ijr; Nrh;ejtd; vdW nghUs;) thdshtpa kuk; ;

(mk;guhj; cj;fj:) Mifahy; ,e;j cJk;gu: jiukl;lj;Jf;F

NkNy cs;s nrq;Fj;jhd epiyiaf; Fwpf;fpwJ. ,g;gbahf ghpkhzj;jpYk; Nghf;Ffs; Nth;gpbj;Jf; gpizf;fpwJ. Nghf;Ffs; ,iwtd; vy;iyaw;wth;. ve;jj;jpf;fpYk; xU gf;fk; G+kpAld; Rje;jpukhd thid ve;jg; fPopwq;fp> cWjpahfg; Md;kfg; P vl;Lk; Nyhfhjag;

(e;af;Nuhj:)

jiukl;lj;jpypUe;J

nfhQ;rq;nfhQ;rkhf> ,d;ndhUgf;fk;

(cJk;gu:)

nja;tfkhfp P

cauj;Jf;Fg; Ngha;tpLfpd;wd. tho;fifapd; ,e;j ,Utpj ; mopaf;$ba Nghf;Ffis (m];tj;j:) Fwpj;Jf; fhl;Ltdthf ,it mike;jpUf;fpd;wd. (m];tj;j: vd;W czh;f.)
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 49 -

Njth;fs; %ykhf

cyfq;fis epakpj;J Ms;gtd;. Njth;fSf;Fk; mopTz;L

(
,e;j ghpkhzj;ijg; thh;jijfs; ; NgRfpd;wd.

k`hG+j : k`hepjp : (811 > 812)

tp];t&ghtpd; cyfshtpa kpf tphpe;j

iv )

k`hG+j:

,e;j

gue;jntspf;Fs; NghfpwJ. k`hepjp: ,e;jg; gue;j ntspapy; Mokhfj; Njhz;LfpwJ. gha;eJ KOFfpwJ. ,e;jg; gue;j ; ntspapy;> Kz;babj;Jj;NjLk; vy;iyaw;wijf; Kaw;rp fhZk; ,J> ve;j Kaw;rpapYNk ,iwtd; Moq;fhz Kbahjth;. ,J xU nghUl;nrwpthd> Kaw;rpapd; Kd;Ndw;w epiyahFk;.

v)

G+: Gt: ]{t: (967)

,e;j kpfTk; gof;fkhd vq;Fk; epiwe;j G+: Gt: ]{t: juthpirg;gbahd ghpzkpf;fpwJ. ghpkhzj;Jf;fhf fple;j %d;W epiyapy; cyfq;fspd;

(G+:

Gt:

]{t:

caphpdq;fSk; thOkplkhd ,iwtd;).

(vi ) mZ: g;U`j; f;U]: ];J}y: Fzg;Uj; eph;Fz:

(839 -844)

,q;F tp];t&g: vy;yhtw;iwAk; jOtpa xt;nthU kdjpYk; vz;zpg; ghh;f;ff; $ba ghpkhzj;jpYk; ,Uf;fpwhh;.

mZ:

vy;iyaw;wjhd

,iwak;rj;jpd;

xU

Gs;spiaj;

njhl;lhy;> g;U`j; me;j vy;iyaw;wjpd; rpfuj;ij vl;LfpwJ.

mZ: kpfTk; Ez;zpad;> g;U`j; - nghpjpDk; nghpatd;. f;U]:

kpfTk; nky;ypajhdJ vd;why;

];J}y:

kpfTk;

gUj;jjhd kuj;jpd; mbf;fl;il Nghd;wJ. mZ: tpypUe;J

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 50 -

g;U`j;

tiuapYk;

gpwF

f;U]:

tpypUe;J

];J}y:

tiuapYkhd

vy;yhtpjkhd

fz;zhy;

ghh;fff;$ba ;

nghUl;fSf;nfy;yhk; Fzg;Uj; gpujpepjpahfpwJ (Fzg;Uj; vy;yhg; nghUl;fisAk; jd;Dila Fzk; Nghyj;jhpg;gtd;) my;yJ Fzg;Uj; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l nghUl;fsidj;ijAk; Fwpf;fpwJ.

eph;Fz: (Kf;Fzf;fyg;gw;wtd;) Nthntd;why; ]j;a: Gz;a: jh;k: fhy: [Pt: Mj;kh ]he;jp: Nghd;w cUtkpy;yhj
tiuaWf;f Kbahj nghUl;fisf; Fwpf;fpwJ.

(
tp];t&ghtpy;

j;t\;lh ];jtp\;lh (52 - 53)

gpujpepjpj;tk; ngw;w

vii )

mZ:

g;U`j;

Nghd;wtw;wpd; kw;nwhU gjpg;G j;t\;llh> ];jtp\;lh. ;

(j;t\;llh - ngah;fs;> cUt mikg;Gfs; Kjyhdtw;iwg; ; ghFghL nra;gtd;> ];jtp\;lh - kpfTk; nghpatd;)
(

viii)
(153 - 156)

cNge;jpu: thke: g;uhk;]{: mNkhj:

,J tp];t&ghtpd; tsUk; xU

epiy

cNge;jpu:

ghypapd; Kd; thkdhff; Fiwe;J gpwF vy;iyfisf; fle;j

(mNkhj:) kpf caukhd (g;uhk;]{:) tp];t&gnkLg;gJ ,jpfhr

Guhzq;fspypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;l xU fUj;J. (

itfhe: ]hkfha;e:

ix)

(987 - 988)

NjLk; ghpkhzq;fspy; ,J xU tp];g&g: ,q;F eLg;gFjpia miltjw;F xUth; thh;jijapd; nghUshf ;

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 51 -

epw;Fk; vy;yh epiyfisAk; fle;jhf Ntz;Lk; - Muk;g Nth; Nghd;w nghUs;> xg;Gf;nfhs;sg;gl;l my;yJ Fwpf;fg;gl;l nghUs;> ,Wjpapy; Fwpg;ghfj; njhptpf;Fk; my;yJ Nkk;gl;l nghUs;. ,g;gbg;gl;l xU Kaw;rpapy; ehk; me;j thh;jijf;Fs; ; NghfpNwhk;. jhz;bAk; thh;jijAld; ; NghfpNwhk;. ve;j NghfpNwhk;. epiyapYk; thh;jijiaj; ; topiaj;jtw

tpLtJkpy;iy> fiwgLtJkpy;iy.

itfhe: jsuhky; Njhz;Lk; njhopyhspNghy; ntWkNd

G+kpj;jhapd; tapw;Wf;Fs; nry;fpwhh;.

]hkfhae: Nth thdntspf;Fs; xyp my;yJ ,irapd;

rQ;rhuj;jpy; CLWTfpwhh;. ,J ehk; Vw;fdNt ghh;jj e;af;Nuhj: cJk;gu: tpd; ; kw;nwhU Nfhzk;. ,Ue;jhYk;> ,jpYk; xU tpj;jpahrk; ,Uf;fpwJ. ]hjfiug; nghWj;jtiu vd;W

itfhe:

mtuJ

Kaw;rpfisf;Fwpf;Fk;

nfhz;lhy;

]hkfhae:

mtuilAk; ntw;wpfisf;Fwpf;fpwJ. rhjidahshpd; Kaw;rp fSf;Fk;> ntw;wpfSf;Fk; eLNt tp];t&g: jdJ vy;iyia tFj;Jf; nfhz;LtpLfpwJ. Kaw;rpfspd; tiu> rhjidfspd; Moj;ijAk;> tpfpjk; rhjidahshpd; nfhz;bUf;Fk; jPtpuj;ijAk; jd;id ,e;j

nghWj;J mikfpwJ. rhjfd; ,e;j topapy; njhlh;eJ nrd;W ;

tp];t&g:

rhjfDf;Fj; ,Ue;jhYk;

czh;jjpf;nfhz;NlapUf;fpwJ. ;

vg;gb

eilKiwfSf;F Kbntd;gNj ,y;iy. rhjfhpd;; topapYk;> ,Wjp ,yf;fpYk; tp];t&g : vy;iyaw;wtuhfNt ,Uf;fpwhh;.

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 52 -

NkYk; ciog;igAk; tpsf;FfpwJ.

itfhe: ]hkfhae:

NjLjypy;

]hjfdpd;

kpFe;j

mtuilAk;

kfpo;rrpiaAk; ;

NtnuhU Nfhzj;jpy; ,e;j thh;jijfs; ke;jkhd ; ,Uz;l Moq;fspy;> cyfpay; NjLjy; cq;fisr; rpiwapl;lhy; Md;kfj; NjLjy; kfpo;rrpfukhd nja;tfj;jpd; P ; P cr;rpia Nehf;fp cq;fisg; gwf;f itf;fpwJ.
X.

tp];tk;

xU tl;lj;jpd; ikakhd gFjpahf Kjy; thh;jij ; tp];tk; tpsq;FfpwJ. th]fh; mq;F epw;Fk; NghJ tp];t&gh mq;fpUe;J ntspg;gl;Lg; guTfpwJ. vy;iy fhzhky; KbfpwJ. mLj;j thh;jij tp\;Z: tp];tj;ijr; rhh;ej ; ; cUtkpy;yhj tphpthf;fNk ,e;j tp\;Z - CLUtpg; guTjiy cUthf;FfpwJ. ,e;j tphpthf;fj;jhy; cUtj;ijAk; kw;w tpsf;fq;fisAk; nfhLf;fpwJ. tp];tKk;> tp\;ZTk; xNu ePNuhl;lkhf> tiuaWf;fg;glhj - tiuaWf;fg;gl;l tbtj;ij mz;lntspapy; fhyq;fhykhf Kbtpy;yhky; nfhLj;Jf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpd;wd.

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 53 -

t\l;fhu :

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 54 -

4.

t\l;fhu :
t\l;fhu:
(1>2>3)

tp];tk; tp\;Z

tp\;ZitaLj;Jj; Njhd;Wk; t\l;fhu: vd;fpw ,e;j thh;jij xU Kuz;ghlhd rpwg;ghd thh;jij. ,Ue;jhYk; ; ; Kf;fpakhd thh;jij. tp\;Z ]`];uehkhitg; ghuhazk; ; nra;Ak; cgh]fUf;F kpfg;nghpa nghUs;nghjpe;jjhfTs;sJ. Kuz;ghlhd rpwg;G vd;W Vd; nrhy;fpNwndd;why; ,J my;yJ ,ijnahj;j thh;jij yypjh ]`];uehkhtpNyh> rpt ; ]`];uehkhtpNyh fhzg;gltpy;iy. ,q;F tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy; Kjy; 24 thh;jijfs; xU njhFg;ghfpd;wd. ; 24 thh;jijfs; nfhz;l ,e;jj; njhFg;gpy; > ;

G+jhj;kh> G+jhj;kh> gukhj;kh> mt;aa: GU\: ]h~p> N~j;uf;Q: m~u: g;uhjhdGUN\];tu: GUN\hj;jk: // Mfpa 10 thh;jijfs; Mj;k ];t&gj;ijg; gw;wpg; NgRfpd;wd. ; ,e;j khjphp xU re;jh;ggj;jpy; t\l;fhu: Kw;wpYk; ; me;epauhf> jdpikg;gLj;jg;gl;ltuhf> Vd; - Njitapd;wpj; jiyapLgtuhff; $lj;Njhw;wkspf;fpwhh;. tp\;Z ]`];u ehkhtpy; xU njhlh;mh;jjj;ijf; fhz Kaw;rp nra;NthUf;F> ; ahfj;jpd; MSikf;Fs;spUe;J te;j t\l;fhu: vd;fpw ,e;j thh;jij> ; rpe;jidf;Ff; nfhQ;rk; Kuz;ghlhf ,Uf;ff;$Lk;. cz;ikapy; =guhrugl;lh; t\l;fhu: -Tf;F ,yf;fz tpjptpyf;fspj;J tpl;lJNghy;> Rygkhd eilapy;> ,e;j thpf;Ff; fPoffz;lthW nghUs; nrhy;fpwhh;. ; ;

];Ntr;rh aha: tN] ]h;tk; t\l;fhu: fNuhjp ]:

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 55 -

Mjprq;fuh; ,e;j thh;jijiag; gw;wp vd;d nrhy;fpwhh; ; vd;gijf; fUj;jpy; nfhs;shkNyNa> guhrugl;lhpd; nkhop ngah;gig ehd; Ghpe;J nfhz;Ltpl;ljhf vLj;Jf; nfhz;L> ; ,e;jr; re;jh;g;gj;jpy; jlq;fypy;yhj mh;jjj;ij ; mtNu vy;yhKk; (tp];tk;) mth; vq;Fk; epiwe;jth; (tp\;Z) mtUila ,dpikahd MSikf;Fs;jhd; vy;yhNk ,Uf;fpwJ. fle;jfhy> tUq;fhy> epfo;fhyq;fspd; jiytuhf mth; ,Uf;fpwhh;. (G+j gt;a gtj;guG :) ; vd;nwy;yhk; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;bUe;Njd;. rpy ehl;fSf;F Kd;Gjhd; me;j thh;j;ijiag; gw;wpa> mikjpahd Mo;ej ; rpe;jidapd; Ml;gLj;jpaJ. ,g;NghJ ,e;j thh;jijiag; ; gw;wpg; Ngrg;GFKd; Mjprq;fuh; ,ijg;gw;wp vd;d nrhy;fpwhh; vd;W ghh;gNghk;. ; NghJ> mjDila Mokhd El;gkhd cl;nghUs; vd;id kpfg; nghpa jpifg;Gf;Fk;> vOr;rpf;Fk;

aJj;NjN]e

mj;tNu t\l;fhpaNj ]: ;

t\l;fhu:

ahfj;jpy; ahUf;fhf t\l; cr;rhpf;fg;gLfpwNjh mtNu

t\l;fhu: mLj;J mth; $Wfpwhh;: t\l;fhuhjp ke;juhj;keh thNjthe; // ; g;hzajp ]: t\l;fhu: P

mtNu t\l;fhu: kw;Wk; ,ju ke;jpuq;fspd; Mj;khthf tpsq;fp me;j ke;jpuq;fSld; cwthLk; Njth;fis kfpo;tpf;fpwhh;.

t\l;
,yf;fzhPjpahf t\l; xU tpag;igf; Fwpf;Fk; nrhy;. ,J gpuhh;jjid ; topghl;bd;NghJ ,iwtidf;
- 56 -

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

$g;gpl cgNahfg;gLj;jg;gLk; xU thh;jij. ,iwtidf; ; $g;gpl ,J gad;gLfpwJ. (md;thaj;j)

rJh;gp];rr rJh;gp];rr j;thg;ahk; gQ;rg;Nutr : / ; ; `{aNj r Gdh;jthg;ahk; ]Nk tp\;Z: g;u]PjJ / ; M];uhtNajp rJu~pk; m];J];nus\l; rJu~uk; / aN[jp j;t~uk; /Naa;[hkN` gQ;rh~uk; / j;t~;Nut\l; / V\it ]g;jj] : g;u[hgjp : af;[NQ me;thaj;j // ;
ahfj;jpy; flTisf; $g;gpl ,e;j thh;jij ; gad;gLfpwJ. ,e;j;uha t\l;> G+\;Nzt\;l; Nghd;witfspy; ,e;j khjphp cgNahfk; tUfpwJ. ehd;fhk; Ntw;Wik cUgpy; ,q;F me;jf; flTs; miof;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. je;ju ]h];jpuj;jpy; mbf;fb cgNahfg;gLj;jg;gLk; ; ,e;j thh;jij> cr;rhpf;fg;gLk;NghJ iffisj; jl;Ljy;> ; tpuy;fisr; nrhLf;Fjy; (];Nghld;) Nghd;w irifshy; topglj;jf;fjhf Mf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,q;F t\l;> nts\l;> m];juhagl;> `{k; Mfpa ; thh;jijfs; mNefkhf xNukhjphpahdit. cr;rhpg;G> irif ; nray; Mfpaitfspy; xd;W NghypUf;Fk; ,it ONOMATO POEIC thh;jijfs; ; vd;W gFf;fg;gLfpd;wd. Gjpa (xypapd; mh;jjj;ij ; cUthf;Fjy;) ,g;gbahf> jd;Kd; Njhd;wr; nra;a> ,iwtidf; $g;gpl cgh]fd; cgNahfg;gLj;Jk; t\l; my;yJ t\l;fhu xU ke;jpuk;. ,e;j ke;jpuk; irifahfTk; cr;rhpg;ghfTk; tbntLf;fpwJ.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

efnyLg;gJNghy;

thh;jijfis ;

nghJtof;fpy; N`h! `ha; ! `Nyh!

- 57 -

Nghd;w

thh;jijfis ;

,jw;fpizahfr;

nrhy;yyhk;.

njd;dpe;jpa me;jzh;fs;> Ngh; njhpahj me;epaiu `hp: vd;W $g;gpl;L kfpo;thh;fs;. ,jw;fpizahfj; nja;tfj;jpy; t\l; P vd;gJ ,iwtid $g;gpLk; xU rkpf;iQr; nrhy;. xUth; N`h? `ha;! vd;W $g;gpl;lhy; mijf; Nfl;gtuJ ftdk; $g;gpl;lthpd;ghy; jpUk;GfpwJ. cgh]fh;

t\l; vd;W nrhy;Yk;NghJ> ,iwtdpd; ftdk; mth;ghy;

jpUk;GfpwJ. Guhjd fhyq;fspy; ekJ Kdpth;fs; ,iwtid ,e;j khjphp irifAld; $ba thh;jijfshy;jhd; ; $tpaioj;jhh;fs;.

t\l;fhu :
Mifahy; tp\;Z ]`];uehkhitg; ghuhazk; nra;gth; t\l;fhu: vd;W nrhd;dhy; ,iwtd; mth; Kd; ,Ug;ghh;. cgh]fh; t\l;fhu: vd;W nrhd;d khj;jpuj;jpy; ,iwtdpd; Njhw;wk; cldbahf cWjp nra;ag;gl;L tpLfpwJ. Kdpth;fs; mth;fSf;F ,zq;Fthh;. U\pgp: ghpfPjhep jhep t~;ahkp G+jNa / tp\;ZTf;F mLj;j gbahf tUk;> vq;Fk; epiwe;j> kpfg;nghpa nrhd;d cgh]fh;> cl;nghUisf; khj;jpuj;jpy; tp];tk; nfhz;l tp\;Z ,e;j thh;jijahy; ; vd;W epiwe;j jdf;F tiuaiwf;Fl;gLj;j Kbahj mtiu mg;gbj;jhd; mNj $g;gpl;lhh;fs;. Nghy; mth; mth; ekf;Fk; ,zq;fpdhh;.

t\l;fhu:
vq;Fk; Kjypy;

Njhd;wptpLfpwhh;. tp\;Zit

tuhfTk;> vy;yhkhfTk; ,Uf;Fk; ,iwtidj; NjbaiyAk;

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 58 -

mwpKfg;gLj;jp tpLtjhy; tp\;Z ]`];uehkj;jpy; t\l;fhu: xU md;G kpf;fjhd kdkpsfpa Mj;kdpy; cgh]fidr; re;jpf;fpwJ. cgh]fh; ntWkNd me;j thh;jijiar; nrhd;d ; khj;jpuj;jpy; ,iwtDila jhprdj;ij cWjpnra;tjw;fhf

t\l;fhu: ,q;F epw;fpwJ. Mifahy;> tp\;Z ]`];uehkh

,iwtd;.

]h;tf;Q:

]h;gNjhKf:

]_yg:

(821-823)

vd;nwy;yhk;

nrhy;tij xU tPzhd cWjpnkhopahff; nfhs;s KbahJ. tp\;Z ]`];uehkk; gythh;jijfshyhd Nfhh;it. ; mjpy; xU rkpf;iQf;fhf clNd Ngrty;y xU thh;jijiaf; ; nfhz;Ltu - xU xyp - mJ tpuy;fspd; nrhlf;fhff; $l ,Uf;fyhk; - xU thh;j;ij - mJ ke;jpukhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;. je;jpukhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk; - mJ ,iwtidNa $g;gpl;L cgh]fdpd; Kd; nfhz;Lte;J epWj;jf;$ba cs;shh;ej ; juj;Jld; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. ,J Gjpa thh;jijg; gilg;gpy; ; cah; mwpTj;jpwd;. ,q;F t\l;fhu: me;j khjphpahd xU Gjpa thh;jij. ; Ntz;Lk;? tpah]iuah? gP\kiuah? tp\;Z ]`];u ehkhitah? ; ,e;j tp\;Z ]`];uehkk;> me;j gpugQ;r rf;jpapd; xl;L nkhj;jkhd ,Wjpg;gad;. tp\;Z ]`];u ehkNk tp];tj;jpd; eil. mjw;F Mrphpahpy;iy. mJ Rakhfj; Njhd;wpaJ (];tak; G+) ,e;j mwpTj;jpwDf;fhf ahiu ehk; ghuhl;l

me;j moF
tp\;ZTf;Fg;gpwF> KbahJ t\l;fhu: vd;W cr;rhpj;jTld; cgh]fh; Kd;Njhd;Wk; cUtk; vJ vd;W ahuhYk; A+fpf;f vd;fpw epiyapy;jhd; me;j moF kpsph;fpwJ.
- 59 -

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

,g;nghOJ mUl;rf;jp

mJ

cUtky;y>

xU

Njhw;wk;!

tp\;Ztpd; Neuhfj;

(]he;epj;ak;).

cgh]fhpd;

Kfj;Jf;F

Njhd;WfpwJ. ,J vy;NyhuhYk; xg;Gf;nfhs;sf; $ba xU cyfshtpa Njhw;wk;.

xU ghlk;
cgh]fh; jd;Dila nrhe;jf; $Ljy; cWjpg;ghl;by; epiy ngWtjw;fhf>

tp];tk; tp\;Z: t\l;fhu: tp\;zNt t\l; t\l;fhu: G+jgt;a gtj;guG : ;

vd;nwy;yhk; $lg; ghuhazk; nra;ayhk;.

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 60 -

t;ah`;Ujpfs;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 61 -

5. t;ah`;Ujpfs;
t;ah`;Ujpfs; xt;nthU cgh]fuhYk; ]e;jpahte;jdk; nra;Ak;NghJ nrhy;yg;gLk; ke;jpu thh;jijfs;. t;ah`;Ujpfs; ; vd;why; (];ge;jd;) thh;jijfs; ; Vw;gl;L rpU\;bapd; xypia NghJ gpuk;khthy; mirTfs; cr;rhpf;fg;gl;l thh;jijfs;. ; mit rpU\;bapd;NghJ

cz;Lgz;Zfpd;wd.

mirTfSk;> xypAk; gphpf;fKbahjd. vdNt> rpU\;bapd; NghJ xyp Vw;gLfpwJ. ,e;jf; fUj;ijNa rpwpJ Mo;eJ ; rpe;jpj;jhy;> rpU\;b> rpU\;bAk;> vd;W thh;jijfshff; ; xypAk; nrhy;yj; FWfp> VO xd;Wjhd; Njhd;Wk;. ek;ik my;yJ ,Wjpapy; me;j Nrh;ejpUg;gitjhd; ; t;ah`;Ujpfisr; me;j Vopy;

nrhy;yr;nra;fpwJ. Kjy; %d;W -

t;ah`;Ujpfs;

tp];tj;ijr; RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ffpd;wd.

G+:

G+t:

];t:

k`ht;ah`;Ujpfs; tp];tj;ijAk; ngUk;ghYk; k`ht;ah`;Ujpfs;

vd;wiof;fg;gl;L vdNt

cyfshtpa me;j ,e;j vy;iyaw;w

VNjhnthU ntspg;ghlhf ,e;j KOg;gpugQ;rj;ijAk; my;yJ mZFfpwJ. trjpf;fhf> VOf;Fg;gjpyhf ,e;j %d;wpd; njhFjp kl;LNk RUf;fkhfg; cgNahfg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. vz;zpylq;fhj>

tpsf;fq;fisj; jd;dplj;Nj> nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. Mokhd Nehf;fpy; mit ,Ue;jhYk; ghkuidf; Fog;gf; $bajhfTk;> gpukpf;f itf;ff; $bajhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ekJ jiyg;G> fpistpl;Lg;guTk; KO tpsf;fq;fSld; $ba t;ah`;Ujpfisg; gw;wpay;yhky;> tp\;Z ]`];u
- 62 -

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

ehkhtpy;

cs;s> xU

t;ah`;Ujpfisg; kiwnghUs;

gw;wpajhifahy;> vg;gb xU

ehk;

mg;gbg;gl;l

rhjhuz>

Kaw;rpahsdpd; mwpthw;wYf;Fs; vspikahfr; RUq;fpaJ vd;gijg; ghh;gNghk;. ,q;F gP\kh; ]hjfdpd; eilKiw ; ; rhj;jpakhd cgNahfj;jpy; Fwpg;ghf mf;fiw fhl;Lfpwhh;. tp\;Z fz;Lgpbj;J> mwpe;Jzh;tJ ]`];u ehkhit ed;fwpe;jth;fl;Ff;$l> mjid ,yf;if itj;J Nehf;fpr; Kiwahfg; ghuhazk; nra;gth;fSf;Fk; $l - G+: itf; mjDila vd;gJ> ,lj;jpy; Fwpghh;jJ ;

RLtjw;nfhg;ghd nrayhFk;. xw;iw vOj;J thh;jijahf ; ,Ug;gjhy; mJ mt;tsT fbdkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. mjw;F xU je;jpukhd FWf;F top ,Uf;fpwJ. G+: Tf;F cq;fSf;F mh;jjk; njhpaNtz;Lkh? mg;gbnad;why; mh;jjj;jpypUe;J ; ; Muk;gpAq;fs;! nfhz;Nl

mh;jj: meh;jj k`hNfh]: vd;W nrhy;ypf; ; ;

VohtJ ,lj;jpy; ePq;fs; rhpahf> nrhy;yg;gLk;

Nghq;fs;.

kiwe;jpUg;gjhfr; thh;jijfspd; ; gP\khpd; ; tp\;Z

G+:

vd;fpw

thh;jijapy; ;

epw;ghfs;. mf;fiwapy;yhky;> ghuhazk; nra;Ak; ]hjfUf;F P ; $l;Lf;Ftpayhfj; ]`];u Njhw;wkspj;jhYk; nghUslf;fk;> ehkhtpd;

mbf;Nfhbl;L KiwgLj;jg;gl;ljhf ,Uf;fpwJ. Kjypy; G+: jdpahfj; Njhd;WfpwJ. mLj;j Kiw tUk;NghJ mJ Gt: itAk; cldioj;J tUfpwJ. %d;whk; Kiw tUk;NghJ Gt: Tld; ]{t: itAk; $l;bf;nfhs;fpwJ.

1. meph;tp\;z: ];jtp\;l: G+: (436) 2. mehjp: G+: Gt: y~;kp: (940) 3. Vfhj;kh [d;kk;Uj;A [uhjpf: G+: Gt: ]{t: jU: jhu: (965)
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 63 -

,e;j

,lq;fspy;

k`ht;ah`;Ujpfs; ntt;NtW

jdpj;jdpahfTk; jpul;Lf;-

tpidr;nrhw;fspd;

tbtq;fshfTk;>

fshfTk; KiwNa jk;ik ntspg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;fpd;wd. ,e;j %d;W ,lq;fspYk; me;je;j t;ah`;Ujpfspd; cl;nghUs;fs; mjw;fLj;j thh;jij> ; thh;jijfis ; tpsf;fpf; $Wk; tifapy; mikf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.

G+: Tf;F mLj;jgbahf jh;kA+g: Tk;> Gt: itg; gpd;gw;wp

y~;kpAk; ]{t: itj; njhlh;eJ jU];jhu: Tk; tUtij ; thrfh; ftdpf;fNtz;Lk;. ,izahdit ,g;gb vd;W ,e;j fUjyhk;. %d;W ,e;j t;ah`;UjpfSk; ,izAk;NghJ jh;kA+g: y~;k: jU];jhu: P Mfpatw;Wf;F tpsq;fitf;Fk; thh;jijfis Cd;wpg; gapd;why;> ;

jh;k> fhkhh;jj> Nkh~: my;yJ ; jh;k f;[Qhd ituhf;fpak; - gw;wpa ;

xU njhlh;rrpahd ; jplkhd vz;z Xl;lk; kdj;jpy; Njhd;Wk;. ,d;Dk; rpwpJ jPtpukhfg; gFj;jha;eJ rpe;jpj;jhy;> ;

]j;> rpj;> Mde;jk; gw;wpa

vz;zk; Njhd;Wk;> mij Muha;ejhy; njspthd fUj;J ; cjpf;Fk;.

jh;kA+g: kpfTk; cl;nghUs; nghjpe;j ,izg;gpilr; nrhy;. A+g: ,e;j thh;jijapd; cz;ikahd fdj;ijj; jhq;FfpwJ. ; A+g: vd;why; gjtp
xUth; jh;kk; vd;fpw gjtpapy; jk;ik epiyepWj;jpf; nfhz;lhy; - xUth; cWjpahf jh;kj;jpd; topapy; ele;jhy; mtUf;F y~;kp flhl;rk; fpl;LfpwJ. nry;tk; ngUFfpwJ. Mjprq;fuh; Mj;kidg;gw;wpa
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

y~;kpia Qhdk;

Mj;ktpj;ah:
vd;W

mjhtJ

tpsf;Ffpwhh;.
- 64 -

ituhf;fpaj;ij tpUl;rj;ijf;

Mjhukhff; Fwpf;fpwJ.

nfhz;l

,e;j

Qhdk;

Nkhl;rj;jpw;F top fhl;LfpwJ. (jU];jhu:) ,q;F jU: ]k;]hu

(Ch;jt%yk;> ;

mj];]hfk;

m];tj;jk;) jhu: Tf;F Mjprq;fuiu kPzLk; Nkw;Nfhs; ;

fhl;bdhy;> mth; nrhy;fpwhh;.

]k;]hu ]hfuk; jhuad; jhu:

vdNt jhu: vd;gJ> gpwtpg;ngUq;fliy ePejp gpwg;G> ; ,wg;Gr; Roypy; rpf;fhjpUg;gjw;fhd Qhdj;ijg; ngw;W tpLjiy my;yJ Nkhl;rj;ijaila cjTtjhd nrhy;. ,g;gb tp\;Z ]`];u ehkh jh;k> Qhd> ituhf;aj;jpw;fhd xUkpj;j fUj;jhf k`ht;ah`;Ujpfis vspikahf;FfpwJ. kWgbAk; mh;jjk;> ; fhkk; Mfpatw;Wf;fhf y~;kpia vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhy;> me;j t;ah`;Ujpfs;> GU\hh;jjkhd jh;khh;jj ; ; fhk Nkhl;rj;jpw;Fr; rkkhfr; nrhy;yg;glyhk;. t;ah`;UjpfspypUe;J ,JfhWk; ehk; ghh;jNjhk;. ; tha;ej ; mit Gwg;gLk; ,g;nghOJ thh;j;ijfis mitfSf;F t;ah`;Ujpfs; mitfspd; gpd;Dk;

Kd;dhypUf;Fk; thh;jijfspy; ftdk; nrYj;JNthk.; kpfTk; ; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ,Ug;gjhy; rpwg;igg; ,ilr;nrUfyhf thh;jijfshf ; mjw;fpizahd mit thh;jijfspD}Nl ; Kd;Dk;

itf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.

nghWj;jtiu

ghJfhf;fg;gl;l> MjuTngw;w thh;jijfshf ,Uf;fpd;wd. ;

G+: Tf;F Kd;dhy; ];jtp\;ll: Njhd;WfpwJ. ,q;Nf ;

mJ ,uz;lhtJ Kiwahf tUfpwJ.

];jtp\;ll: ;

xU

,ul;il thh;jijapd; xU ghjp. kPjpg;ghjp j;t\;llh: gP\kh; ; ; ; Ntz;Lnkd;Nwjhd; ,ul;ilapd; xU ghjpia kl;Lk; ,q;Nf itj;jpUf;fpwhh;. G+: Tf;F Kd;dhy; gP\kh; ve;j vz;zj;ij ;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 65 -

itf;f epidj;jhNuh> me;j vz;zk; KOikahf tpsq;f Ntz;Lnkd;why;> ghuhazk; nra;gth; kPjpg;ghjpia ,q;F nfhz;Lte;jhf Ntz;Lk;. ];jtp\;ll: tpd; gphpf;f Kbahj ; kPjpg;ghjp j;t\;llh: ,d;Dk; Kd;djhfNt> ;

tp];tfh;kh kE: j;t\;l;lh ];jtp\;ll: ];jtpNuh j;Ut: ;

vd;fpw thpfspy; Njhd;WfpwJ. tp\;Z ]`];u ehkhtpy; vq;nfy;yhk; xU Kf;fpakhd fUj;J typAWj;jg;gLfpwNjh> mq;nfy;yhk; gP\kh; me;j KOik jOtpa - G+h;zj;tk; tha;ej ; ; thh;jijahd ; jUzj;jpw;Fj; tp];tj;jpw;Fk; jf;fthW Ngha; mij me;je;j me;j nfhz;Lte;JtpLthh;.

tifapy; ,q;Nf tp];tfh;kh tUfpwJ. ;

G+: vd;fpw me;j thh;jij gpwtp my;yJ [ddk; ;

vd;fpw nghUisj; jUfpwJ. ,e;j ,lj;jpy; Mjprq;fuh; nrhy;fpwhh;. - m[e;kh mG+: mg;gbnad;why; tp];tk; vg;gb ,q;Nf te;jJ? ,e;j Nfs;tpf;F tpil nrhy;gth; Nghy> gP\kh; ; tp];tj;jpd; %yj;ijj; Njb> tp];tfh;kh kE: vd;W $Wfpwhh;.

kE : vd;why; rpe;jdh rf;jp ke;ehj; kE : vd;fpwhh; Mjprq;fuh;.

,e;j KOg;gpugQ;rk; my;yJ tp];tk;> Ez;zZ Kjy; KOg;gpugQ;rk; tiu ];jpukhdjpypUe;J MokhdJ tiu

j;t\;llh tpypUe;J ];jtp\;llh tiu ; ;

,iwtDila - tp];tfh;khtpDila - njs;sj; njspe;j rpe;jdhrf;jp my;yJ kd]q;fy;gk; my;yJ ,iwtDila
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 66 -

rpe;jdhrf;jp nrhy;fpwJ.

kl;LNk

vd;W

tp];tfh;kh

kE:

$l;lhfr;

ek;ikr; Rw;wpAk;> ek;Ks;Sk; ,Uf;Fk; midj;JNk ,iwtdJ rpe;jdhrf;jpapd; tpisNt vd;fpw vz;zj;ij xUtUs; nfhz;LtUtJ mtuJ Ghpe;Jnfhs;Sk; rf;jpf;Fs; mlq;fhj tp\ak;. ,Ue;jhYk; rpy nghJthd vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; ,e;j tp\aj;ijg; Ghpaitf;f cjtyhk;. Gj;jfk; vd;gJ vd;d? xU gilg;ghspapd; rpe;jid Xl;lj;ij mr;rpy; tbg;gJ. rpy mwpTEl;gKs;s %is my;yJ %isfspd; cUntLf;fpwJ. xU ehw;fhypia vLj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. xU jr;rhpd; rpe;jdhrf;jp ehw;fhypahf cUntLf;fpwJ. fhfpj;jpd; %yg;nghUshd gQ;R> kuj;J}s; my;yJ fUk;Gr; rf;if> ehw;fhypapd; %yg;nghUshd kuk; Mfpait ,iwtDila gilg;GfNs. rpe;jdhrf;jp fhfpjj;jpy; mr;nrOj;jhf

j;t\;llh-tpDila ;

rpe;jdhrf;jpapd;

,e;jf; fUj;ij ,Nj Nfhzj;jpy; tphpj;J> rpe;jdh rf;jpapd; ; tpisNt nfhz;L vd;fpw te;J

ePlbg;ghh;jjhy;> ,e;j KOg;gpugQ;rKNk me;j ,iwtdhfpa ; ;

kE];jt\;llh-tpd; ; ;
vz;zj;jpw;F tpl;LtpLk;. kPzLk; ; %yj;jpw;F epiyiaAk;>

xUtiu

,Wjpahff;

t;ah`;Ujpfis $l;br;

Nehf;fpg; nrd;W

gpd;Ndhf;fpr; Kbtw;w

nrd;why; ];jtp\;llhit Kd;dpUj;jp tUk; G+: tp];tj;jpd; ; ek;ikf; mjd; epue;juj;jd;ikiaAk; typAWj;JfpwJ-

];jtpNuhj;Ut: .

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 67 -

,q;F G+: nrhw;gpwg;gpaypy;> Njhw;wk;> tsh;rrp> ,Ug;G ; Muk;gk; vd;nwy;yhk; nghUs; jUfpwJ ftdpg;gJ nghUj;jkhdJ. vdNt vd;fpw tp\aj;ijf; ]`];uehkh tp\;Z

G+: tpd; nrhw;gpwg;gpaiy fz;bg;ghff; ftdpj;J rpU\;bapd;

Muk;gj;ij tpthpf;fpwJ. ,JNghyNt mehjp: Ak;> [d;k

k;Uj;A [uhjpfh: Tk; KiwNa Gt: ]{t: Mfpa ,uz;L

t;ah`;UjpfSf;Fk; Kd;dhy; Njhd;wp g;u`;kdpd; fhyj;Njhw;wj;ij mNj Ntfj;jpy; tpsf;fkhf tpthpf;fpwJ.

Gt:-Tf;F Kd;dhy; ,Uf;Fk; mehjp:

g;u`;kDf;F Muk;gk;

,y;iynad;Wk;> ]{t: Tf;F Kd;dhypUf;Fk; [d;k k;Uj;A

[uhjpf: g;u`;kDf;Fg; gpwg;Ngh> ,wg;Ngh> mopNth fpilahJ

vd;gijAk; KiwNa xl;Lnkhj;jkhf; Kd;Dk;> Njhw;wj;jpy;> $WfpwJ. tUk; Ke;ijaJ ,g;gbahf thh;jijfs; ; Neuk; kw;Wk; t;ah`;UjpfSf;F ,UNtW gpd;Dk;;

g;u`;kdpd; epiyahd Njhw;wj;ijAk;> gpe;ijaJ jh;kj;jpd; Njhw;wj;ijAk;> mNj vz;zj;jpd; jhf;fj;ijAk; tpthpf;fpwJ. ,dp tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy; k`: [e: jg: ]j;ak; Mfpa kPjkpUf;Fk; t;ah`;Ujpfspd; ,lj;ijg; gw;wpg; ghh;gNghk;. ;

k`:
tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy; k`j;Jf;F Kd;dhypUf;Fk; thh;jijfis ehk; Njb vLf;f Kbe;jhy; NghJk;- g;u`;kdpd; ; k`j; my;yJ Mok; my;yJ ngUikia kpfTk; Rygkhf> KOikahfg; Ghpe;J nfhz;L tplyhk;. ,JNghy 44 thh;jijfs; tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy; cs;sd. ;

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 68 -

mjPejhpNah k`hkhNah ; ; kN`hj; ]hN`h.. k`hj;Ajp: kw;Wk; k`hf;uNkh k`hfh;k:......... kN`huf:

Nghd;w rpy thh;j;ijfs; kfpo;rrpfukhd ; ehjkhf xypf;fpd;wd. k`hNfh]: k`hNghf: k`hje: Nghd;wit jdpj; njhFjpahfTk;> k`h];te: k`hh;`: k`he; Nghd;w rpy thh;jijfs; jdpj;jdpahfTk; Njhd;Wfpd;wd. tp\;Z ; ]`];uehkh xU xOq;fhd> ehfhpfkhd Kiwapy; jd;id ntspg;gLj;jpf; $l;Lf;fyitahf nfhs;tJld; ,y;yhky; mjDila eil xU Kiwg;gLj;jg;gl;ljhf

,Uf;fpwJ vd;gij Nkw;nrhd;d $w;Wf;fs; ep&gpf;fpd;wdep&gzk; cq;fSf;Fj; Njitg;gl;lhy;>

k`h];te:
tp\;Z ]`];u ehkhtpd; Kjy; k`h Nrh;ej ; thh;jijia ,q;F ehk; ghh;ffpNwhk;. k`h];te: vd;why; ; ; kpfg;nghpa rg;jk;. (k`ht;ah`;Ujp - k`he; G+[pj: ];te: ehj:) vdNt> tp\;Z ]`];uehkk; nghpa tp\aq;fisg; gl;baypLk;NghJ> mtw;wpDila njhd;ikiaAk;> Kf;fpaj; Jtj;ijAk; fUjp> k`ht;ah`;UjpfSf;F mJ Kd;Dhpik nfhLf;fpwJ. Kf;fpaj;Jtk;> tp];tk; vd;Dk; njhd;ikapYk;> Vw;fdNt ehk; Muk;gj;jpy; ,Jtp\akhf tpthpj;jgbf;F> ,it ];U\;biaf; Fwpf;Fk; Kjy; rg;jq;fspYk; ,Uf;fpwJ. Kjypy; te;jtDf;F Kjypy; gilf;fpw epajp tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpYk; filg;gpbf;fg;gLfpwJ.

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 69 -

k`h];te:

kpfg;nghpa

thh;jijahf ;

tpsf;fg;gl ngah;

mDkjpf;fg;gl;bUf;FNkahdhy; jd;Dila cah;itj;jhNd tUk; tp\;Z

thh;jijfisAk;> ; ngUik ]`];u

fisAk; jtpu Ntnwhd;WNk ,y;yhj tp\;Z ]`];uehkh> ahf;fpf;nfhz;L> nghUs;. ehkhtpy;> jdp ,J cWjpahf;fpf;nfhs;fpwJ epiyj;njhluhf vd;Wjhd;

jd;idg; gw;wpa ngUikiag; NgRk; my;yJ mfk;ghtj;ijf; (kd;dpf;fTk;) fhl;Lk; xU re;jh;g;gk;. ,ay;ghd> mopahj me;j cs;Szh;Tf;F tp\;Z ]`];u ehkh tpjp tpyf;fy;y! tp\;Z ]`];u ehkhtpd; gf;jh;fSf;F ,e;j ,lj;jpy; ehd; xd;iwr; nrhy;ypf;nfhs;s tpUk;GfpNwd;. tp\;Z ]`];u ehkhit Rajk;gl;lk; vd;W Kj;jpiu Fj;jptplhjPhfs;. ehd; ; vd;Dk; jd;ikapd; Jhz;Ljy; ,aw;ifahdJ> Nkd;ikia cWjpahff; $wty;y jd;ikAs;sJ vd;fpw cz;ikia tp\;Z ]`];u ehkh mq;ffhpf;fpwJ. P

k`h jgh:
k`j;ij ,uz;lhtjhfj; ,izj;Jf; Njhd;Wk; my;yJ nfhz;L thh;jij ; ]`];uehkhtpy;

k`hjgh:

(123)

k`h];t-ehtpd;

k`ht;ah`;Ujpapd;>

,ay;ghd

tpisthfNth my;yJ> Muk;gj;jpNyNa Njhd;wpa gpuk;kh nra;j jg]pd; (Mo;ej rpe;jidapd;) tpisthNth ,J ; fUjg;glNtz;Lk;. Mifahy;> ,J k`h];teh-Tf;F mLj;j ; thh;jijahfj;jhd; ; NgRtjhy; mit ,Ue;jhf Ntz;Lk;. xU nraypd; tpisitAk;> vjph; tpisitAk; ,e;j ,uz;L thh;jijfSk; ; cz;ikj;jd;ikajhfp k`j; thh;jij ; fSf;F eLNt jdpj; jd;ikajha; epw;fpd;wd.

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 70 -

k`hkha:
k`hkha:
,yf;fzk; vd;W nrhy;YKd; k`j; gP\kh; ; k`j;Jf;F tFg;gjhy;> thh;jijfSf;fpilNaahd ;

cz;ikahd gphpT k`hkhahtpy;jhd; Muk;gpf;fpwJ. k`j; thh;jijfs; Nfhh;ffg;gl;bUf;Fk; khiyapd; Kjy; Kj;jhf ; ;

k`hkhah ,Uf;fpwJ. k`hkhNah kN`hj;]hN`h k`hgy: k`hGj;jp: k`htPha: k`hrf;jp: k`hj;Ajp: (172) ;
,q;F k`j; thh;jijfisf; ; Nfhh;fFKd; ; gP\kh; ;

mjPejhpNah vd;W $Wfpwhh;. ,J k`j;jpd; Urpfukhd ; ;

njs;sj;njspthd tpsf;fk;. Gyd;fspd; gpbf;Fs; rpf;fhjJ vJthapDk; mJ k`j; vdg;gLfpwJ. ve;j mfuhjpapd; njhFg;ghsUk; Nfhh;ffg;gl;l ; k`j; ,ijtplr;rpwe;j me;j k`j; k`j; ,q;F nghUis k`j;Jf;F GwKk; mspf;f KbahJ. k`j;ijg; gw;wpa xU KOikahd tpsf;fk;> khiyapd; thpirapy; cs;Sk; Gije;jpUf;fpd;wJ. mjpy; Kjy; kzp k`hkha: ,iwtdpd; Fzq;fSs; Kjyplj;ijg; thh;jijfs; ; gpbj;Jf;nfhs;fpwJ. Mjprq;fuUila

eWf;Fj; njwpj;jhw;Nghy mike;J tpl;bUf;fpd;wd. khahtpehk; mgpkhahfhhpj;thj; k`hkha: / khahtpfSs; kpfg;nghpa khahtpahk; ,iwtd;. kWgbAk; NtNwhhplj;jpy; Mjprq;fuh; k`hfh;jj: it ; tpsf;Fk;NghJ> fh;jjtj; m];akhah> k`jP Juj;aNajp / vd;fpwhh;. ; vg;gb ,iwtd; Gyd;fSf;nfy;yhk; mg;ghw;gl;lth; vd;gJ fPNo tptukhfr; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ.

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 71 -

1. mth; fhJfspd; Nfl;Fk; jpwDf;F mg;ghw;gl;lth; k`h];te: /

2. mth; jtepiyapd; vy;iyfl;fg;ghw;gl;lth;-

k`hjgh: /
3. mth; ehf;fpd; Rit Efh;rrpf;fg;ghw;gl;lth; ; gFjpapypUg;gth; -

khjNthkJ: mjPejhpa: / ; ; 4. mth;

fz;Zf;Fg;Gydhfhj

k`hj;Ajp: / 5. mth; mwpTj;jpwdpd; MSiff;F mg;ghw;gl;lth; k`hGj;jp: /

6. mth; kdpjj;jpwd;> tPhpak;> rf;jp Mfpatw;wpd; vy;iyfisf; fle;J epw;gth; -

k`hgy: k`htPha: k`h]f;jp: / ; 7. mth; njhopy; Jiwapd; epGzj;Jtj;jpw;F

mg;ghw;gl;lth; fphPlkhf tpsq;Fk;

kN`hj;]h`: /
Kj;jhd

,g;gbahff; Nfhh;ffg;gl;l midj;J kzpfSlDk; ;

meph;Nj];a

tG:-TlDk;

Kbag;gl;l me;j `huk;> ,iwtd; vy;yhtpjkhd ngsjpfg; ghh;itfSf;Fk;> mg;ghw;gl;lth; kdk; vd;gijr;; nrhy;Yk; tpahf;ahdq;fSf;Fk; nrhy;yp epw;fpwJ. nrhy;yhky;

vg;gbahapDk; ,e;j `huj;jpd; gjf;fk; =khd; mNkahj;kh. ,e;j mNkahj;kh mjPejhpa:tpd; ,d;ndhUtbtk;> xUf;fhy; ; ; ,d;Dk; tPhakhdNjh? ; (meph;Nj];a tG: -Tk; mNkahj;kh- Tk; ,e;jg;gphptpd; ,Wjpapy; Kbe;jhy; tUk;NghJ jtpu mJ mJ mjPej;hpa: ; vd;gij tpd; ehk; gFg;gha;T ftdpf;f ngUikf;Fg;
- 72 -

tpsf;fj;ijj;

Ntwpy;iy

tp\;Z

]`];uehkhtpd;

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

ngUik

Nrh;fFk; ;

tpjkhf

mikAk;.

,iwtd;.

gQ;Nre;jphpaq;fl;F mg;ghw;gl;lth; vd;W meph;Nj];a tG: nrhy;fpwJ. mJkl;Lky;y Gj;jp kdk; vd;fpw Qhdj;Jf;Fk; mg;ghw;gl;lth; vd;W mNkahj;kh nrhy;fpwJ.) Mjprq;fuhpd; thh;jijfspy;> ; ;

mNka Mj;kh Gj;jp: a];a ]` mNkahj;kh /

mth; Moq;fhz Kbahj mwpTj;jpwd; gilj;jth;. Mokw;w xU rpW fg;gyhf tpsq;Fk; kdpjDila nrYj;Jtjw;F mwpT me;j ,iwtDila mwpitg;ngw mwpTf;flypy; tpUk;Ggtd; cfe;jjhf

,y;iy. ,g;gbg;gl;l xU kWg;Gf; Nfhl;ghl;bdpilNa> me;j kdr;Nrhh;T mile;Jtplhky; ,Ug;gjw;fhf> mtdJ Fiwfisf;Fiwf;f =khd; mq;Nf ,Uf;fpwhh;. neUq;fKbahjtuhfTk;> ek;khy; Ghpe;Jnfhs;s KbahjtuhfTk; ,Ue;jhYk; ,iwtd; xU ntw;wplk; my;y. ey;ytuhfTk;> Gfo;kpf;ftuhfTk; mth; tpsq;Ffpwhh;. <];th;a y~zh ]kf;uh ];hha];a ]: ];hkhd;/ P ; P vd;fpwhh; Mjprq;fuh;. ,q;F ]kf;uh vd;fpw thh;jij kWg;Gf; ; Nfhl;ghl;bd; kUl;rpia G+uzkhfmopj;J tpLfpwJ vd;gijf; ftdpAq;fs;.

k`he;
,Jtiuapy; milnkhopfisAk; k`j;Jld; Nrh;eJ ; te;j vy;yh jtph;jJtpl;L> ; filrpjlitahf

k`j;Njhd;Wk;NghJ k`he; (845) Mfj;jdpahfj; Njhd;Wk; moFjhd; tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpd; Kiwahd mofhFk;.

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 73 -

mZ: g;U`jf;U]: ];J}y: Fzg;Uj; eph;fFz: k`he; / ;

,dp mJ vijAk; rhh;ejpUf;f tpy;iy. Vndd;why; mth; ; jhdhfNt cah;ejth;; ; ,iwtidg; ngUikg;gLj;J tjw;fhfTk;> mtUila cah;it ];jhgpg;gjw;fhfTk;> mth;> cz;ikapy; vg;gb k`hehfpwhh; vd;gij tpthpg;gjw;fhfTNk> ,ju milnkhopthh;jijfs; ; ,Ugf;fKk; mtUf;Fg; gf;fgykhf epd;wd.

mZh;gU`j; f;U]: ];J}y: Fzg;Uj;> eph;fFz: ; ;

Mfpa thh;jijfs; k`hepd; ,lJGwKk; mj;Uj: ];tj;Uj: ;

];th];a:... NahfP Mfpa thh;jijfs; tyJ gf;fj;jpYk; ;

,iwtid kpf cauj;jpy; J}f;fp epWj;Jfpd;wd. ,e;j k`he; vd;fpw thh;jijf;Fg; ; ,q;F gpwF

k`j;

vd;fpw

ghh;itapy; ftdpg;gJ

]`];uehkh fUj;J}d;wtpy;iy. Mjprq;fuhpd; Nkw;Nfhisf; Urpfukhd tp\ak;.

meq;f: m]g;j: m]hPu: m];gh;]];rr ;

k`he;]{rp: vd;Dk; thpfs; mjPejhpa: meph;Nj];a tG:- tpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;Jld; ; ; ;

xj;Jg;NghfpwJ. Vw;fdNt $wpagb mtw;wpD}Nl k`j;jpd; Kjy;gphpT nghjpe;jpUf;fpwJ. ,q;F ]{rp: Kd;Ng nrhd;d =khepd; kw;nwhU gFjpjhd;.

[e:
[e[haNj vd;fpw NthpypUe;J te;jJ [e: vd;Dk; thh;jij. ;

[e:
(946

vd;fpw
47)>

,e;j

t;ah`;UjpAld; ,juthh;jijfs; ;

tp\;Z

];`];uehkhtpy;

cwthLk;

[eNeh

[e[e;khjp:

nfhQ;rk; J}uj;J cwtpdh;fshf

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 74 -

[ehh;je:

[Ne];tu:

ehk;

ghh;fFk; ;

Kjy; Mfp

,uz;L ,uz;Lk; vd;Wk;

thh;jijfshd ; gilg;GfSf;Fk;

[ee:

[e[e;khjp: ([e

,iwtidNa ];U\;bfh;jjh ([ee:) vd;Wk; mtiuNa vy;yhg; ; %yf;fhuzk;

[e;khjp:)

nrhy;fpd;wd. Ke;ija t;ah`;Ujpahd k`: tpd; k`j; jd;ikia ,e;j t;ah`;UjpapYs;s fUj;J cWjp nra;tJld; gf;jdpd; ftdj;ijAk; <h;jJ> me;j thh;jijfspDs;Sk;> ; ; thh;jijfisr; Rw;wpAk;> ,iwtdpd; ];U\;biag; ghh;ff ; ; itj;J tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpYs;s gPk: gPk guhf;uk: vd;fpw thh;jijfshy; mtdJ kfj;Jtj;ijAKzh;eJ njspT ngw ; ; itf;fpwJ. ([eNeh [e [e;khjp : gPNkh gPk guhf;uk: 1)

jg :
t;ah`;Ujpfspy; mjDila

jg:

tpd;

Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk;> ; ; jUk;> tp\;Z

cl;nghUisf;

Nfhh;itahfj;

]`];u ehkhtpd; cjtpay;yhky;> mjd; nraw;fhuzj;ijAk; tpsf;FtJ vd;gJ rpukkhd fhhpak;. tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy; jg : k`hjgh : (123) MfTk;

]{jgh :
Ngha;r;

(198)

MfTk; Njhd;WfpwJ. kWgbAk;

k`hjgh : jdf;F
jpUk;gp tu Kbahj

Kd;dhy; tUk; tuhNuh` :- Tld; neUf;fkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. Nrh;eJtpl;lhy; ; me;j ,lj;ij vg;gb miltJ vd;gjw;fhd topKiwfis my;yJ ]hjid Kiwfis mJ tpthpf;fpwJ. fLikahd jtj;jpdhy; (k`hjgh:) my;yJ jPtpu Kaw;rpfs; vd;Wk; nrhy;yyhk; - kpf cauj;jpYs;s tuhNuh`: vl;lg;gLfpwJ.

(aj; fj;th e epth;jje;Nj) (me;j ;

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

,iwtNd$l

me;j
- 75 -

cah;ej ;

epiyia

fLe;jtj;jpdhy;jhd;

mile;jhuhk;. - Mjp rq;fuh;.)

gj;hfh];uNk euehuhaz &gNzN]hgek; jg :rujPjp ]{jgh P

ek; Ntz;Lk;. ifapypUf;Fk; ,e;jr; nray;Nehf;fj;jpw;ffhf ;

]_jgh: vd;fpw thh;jijapd; Nky; ekJ ftdj;ijr; nrYj;j ; ]{gh;z : G[Nfhj;jk : `puz;aehg : ]{jgh : gj;kehg : g;u[hgjp Mfpa thh;jijfspD}Nl ]{jgh: ;
Njhd;WfpwJ. MjpehuhazDila> ehgp fkyj;jpy; gpuk;kh tPwwpUe;J ; Muk;gj;jpy; jtj;jpy; %o;fp vg;gb ];U\;biaj; njhlq;FtJ vd;gJ gw;wpa Mo;ej jpahdj;jpy; yapj;jpUe;jjhf ,q;F ; gP\kh; rpj;jhpf;fpwhh;. (g;u[hgjp : k`j; ];U[;a tp\ak; jNgh ;

[;Qhdk; m];Najp k`hjgh : - Mjprq;fuh;) g;u`;kz;a : g;u`;kf;Uj;> g;uh`;kzg;hpa

(667)

vd;W tp\;Z ]`];uehkh g;u`;kepiyia tp];jhukhfr; nrhy;Ykplj;jpy;> gpuk;khtpd; jpahdk; vijg;gw;wpaJ vd;gJ tpsq;FfpwJ. ,e;j g;u`;kj; jpul;bd; Kbtpy; k`hf;uk: > Mo;ej jpahdr; ; fhhpakhfpa vd;fpw

k`hfh;kh Mfpa nghUs; nghjpe;j thh;jijfs; gpuk;khtpd; ;

jtj;jpd; cr;repiyia tpthpf;fpd;wd. f;ukj;jpy; rpe;jidf;Fg; gpwF (]{jg) ve;j khjphp ve;j topapy;> ve;j

(k`hf;uk:)
];U\;bia

me;j

kpfg;nghpa

(k`hfh;kh)

Nkw;nfhs;s

Ntz;Lk;

KbTf;F tUfpwhh;.

Mifahy; gpugQ;r Vw;ghlhd gQ;r

G+jq;fs; mtw;wpdpilNaahd rk;ge;jk; ,uT-gfy;> Rf-Jf;fk;> rQ;rykdk; - cWjpahd jhd; vDk; mfk;ghtk; vd;fpw gytifahd mwpaKbahj gpugQ;r epajp kw;Wk; mikg;gpd;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 76 -

,ul;ilfs; tpLfpwJ.

Nghd;wtw;iw>

cgh]fhpd; kpd;dy;

jpahd

Gj;jpf;F njhptpj;J

t;ah`;UjpapYs;s tp\;Z

jgh

fPwwhfj; ;

]`];uehkhtpy;

k`hfh;kh-,e;jpufh;kh> cj;gt:
(792)

k`hfh;kh>
thpirapy;

f;Ujfh;kh>
kPzLk; ;

f;Ujhfk

vd;fpw vy;yhf;

Njhd;Wk;NghJ

,e;j

Nfhzq;fSk; Ngrg;gLfpd;wd.

]j;ak;
,e;j thh;jij gy ,lq;fspy; - Fwpg;ghfr; nrhy;t ; njd;why; xd;gJ jlitfs; Njhd;WfpwJ. Kjy; jlit ]`];uehkhtpy; Njhd;WtJ> gpwF milnkhop VJkpy;yhky; jdpahf tUtJ - Nghd;w ,lq;fis kl;Lk; ehk; ftdpg;Nghk;. me;j khjphp ,lq;fspy;>

t]{: t]{keh : ]j;a :

(106)

Tk; xd;W. mLj;J tUk;

,lq;fspy;> gf;fq;fspYs;s my;yJ cld;NrUk; thh;jij ; fshy; mJ rpwg;Gj; jFjpiag; ngWfpwJ.

]j;a : ]j;a : ]j;a :

]j;a guhf;uk : ]j;a jh;k guhf;uk : ]j;a jh;k guhaz :

,d;dgpw thh;j;ijfs; Njhd;Wk; ,ju ,lq;fspy;>

]j;a: tpidr;nrhy;ypd; ntt;NtW tbtq;fshy; epug;gg;gl;l

thh;jijfspdhy; ; ]q;fy;gj;jpd; gyk; ngWfpwJ. ,iwtDila kd tpisthd ];U\;bAld; njhlh;Gila

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 77 -

t;ah`;UjpAld; rk;ge;jg;gl;l ]j;a: itg; gw;wpr; rpe;jpg;gjpy; ekJ Kaw;rp ,Ug;gjhYk;> t]{ke: Tld; ,q;F ]j;a: ,ize;jpUg;gij ehk; ghh;ggjhYk;> me;jr; nrhy;iyg; gw;wpf; ; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f epidf;fpNwd;. Kiwapy; tpsq;f itf;ff;$ba rhpahd Kiwahd ,lk; ,Jthfj;jhd; ,Uf;f KbAk; vd;W ehd;

t]{: t]{k eh: (]j;a:) ]khj;kh ]k;kpj: ]k .

vd;W ]j;a: ,e;j ,lj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;bUg;gjhy; ehk; mijg; gy Nfhzq;fspy; ghh;ff ; Ntz;bapUf;fpwJ. Mdhy; Xhplj;jpy; kl;Lk; epd;W ]j;a: it ed;F jhprdk; nra;Jtpl;L> ,e;j kpfg;nghpa tp\ak; gw;wpa ,e;j mj;jpahaj;ij Kbj;Jf; nfhs;syhk; vd;W ,Uf;fpNwd;. t]{: t]{ke: ]j;a: Mfpa thh;jijfspD}Nl kl;Lk; vd; ghh;itiar; nrYj;jptpl;L> ; mj;Jld; epWj;jpf; nfhz;L tpLfpNwd;.

t]{ke:

]j;a:

kpfg;nghpa

rpe;jid

my;yJ xU

cz;ikahd Mj;krpe;jid vd;gJ tha;ikNaahFk;.

nraypd; jPhkhdpf;Fk; fhuzp> me;jr; nraypd; gpd;dzpapy; ; ,Uf;Fk; ekJ vz;zj;ijg; nghWj;jJjhNdnahopa> ehk; nra;Ak; nraYk;> nraypd; xU tpisitg; nghWj;jjy;y. xU muR flik nraYk; J}f;Fj; Copadpd; xd;NwNghy; gpd;dtd; ehd; xU jz;lidia Njhd;wpdhYk; epiwNtw;wpj; Kd;dtd; jUk;

nfhiyahspapd;

Mw;WtJ

nra;tJ nfhiy. Vdpe;j Kuz;gl;l(!?) KbT ? Vndd;why; nra;Ak; nraypd; Nehf;fk; ,uz;bYk; NtWgLfpwJ. vOjpa Gj;jfj;jpypUe;Nj CrpAk;> Nkw;Nfhs;fhl;bdhy; mWit kUj;Jthpd;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

rpfpr;irf;fhd
- 78 -

cgfuzq;fSk; Njhd;wpdhYk; Qhdpf;Fk;> fhz;gpf;fg;gLk; epiwe;jpUf;Fk;

Nehahspf;Ff; mtuJ mQ;Qhdpf;Fk; ,Ue;jhYk; fhl;rpapd; me;jf; Nehf;fk;

nfh^ukhdjhfNt Nehahspiaj; khjphpjhd; Qhdp vq;Fk;

Jd;GWj;Jtjy;y. Fzg;gLj;JtJ jhd;. xU nraypd; fhl;rp xNu fhz;gpf;fg;gLfpwJ. Kw;WKzh;ej ; gpd;dzpapy;

Mj;kidj;

jhprpf;fpwhh;.

mQ;QhdpNah

nraiy kl;Lk; ghh;ffpwhd;. ; cz;ikiaNa ghh;ffpwhh;. ;

Qhdp jdJ QhdjpU\;bahy; mQ;Qhdp NknyOe;jthhpahfj;

njhpAk; cz;ikf;Fg; Gwk;ghdtw;iw kl;LNk fhz;fpwhd;. ,g;gb xt;nthU tp\aj;jpYk; nra;iff;Fg; gpd;dzpapy; ,aq;Fk; vz;zj;jpd; (,Nj ntw;wpapd; rf;jpNa nra;ifapd; NkYk; vd;W jd;ikia tphpthf nrhy;yj; eph;zapf;fpwJ. vz;zj;ij jpwTNfhy;

Muha;ejhy; Neh;ikAs;s Mo;ej rpe;jidahd t]{keh: Nt ; ;

]j;ak;

vd;fpw

Njhd;WfpwJ.) KbTiuiaj; njhFj;Jr; nrhy;tjhdhy; ]j;a: jhd; t;ah`;UjpfSs; filrp. filrp thh;jijahfTk; ; mNj Neuj;jpy; vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; mJ ,Uf;f Neh;eJtpLfpwJ. ;

vy;yhtw;iwAk; gw;wpa filrp thh;jijahf t]{keh: tpy; ; ,Uf;Fk; jj;Jt tpsf;fkhf ]j;a: mike;J tpl;bUf;fpwJ. vy;yhNk ,iwtDila ]q;fy;gj;jpd; xl;L nkhj;j tpisT (t]{keh:). tbtikg;gpd; ehk; ghh;fFk; ; vy;yhKk; vd;gJ jhd; ,iwtDila ,Wjpahd tpisNt

cz;ikahFk; (]j;ah: ).

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 79 -

,Wjpahf> Muk;gpj;j ,lj;jpw;Nf ehk; jpUk;gTk; Ngha;> ];U\;bapd; %yj;ijNa jhprpj;J tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpd; thh;jijfis epidTf;Ff; nfhz;L te;J ]j;ak; fPoffz;l ; ; ; thh;jijfspy;jhd; ; nghUl;nrwpTld; tYg;gLj;jg; gl;bUf;fpwJ vd;fpw KbTf;F tuyhk;.

tp];tfh;kh kE : j;t\;llh ];jtp\;l ];jtpNuhj;Ut : ;

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 80 -

tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy; gfthdpd; mtjhuq;fs;

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 81 -

6. tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy;
gfthdpd; mtjhuq;fs;
tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy; tputpf;fplf;Fk;> ehk; Nrfhpf;f Ntz;ba tp\aq;fspy;> gfthdpd; mtjhuq;fisg; gw;wpa fUg;nghUs;> KOikahdjhfTk;> mNj Neuj;jpy; kpfTk; RitAs;sjhfTk;> vspjpy; tpsq;f itf;ff; $bajhfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ.

]k;gNth ghtNeh gh;jjh - g;ugt: g;uGhP]tu: ; ; ];tak;G+: ]k;Guhjpj;a: (31 - 39)

g;ugt: vd;Dk; thh;jijahy; ]`];uehkhtpy; mtjhuq;fs; ; Ngrg;gLfpd;wd. Vndd;why; vy;yhk; ty;y me;j kpfg;nghpa flTs; g;uG: <];tu: g;ugt: thf kf;fspilNa gpwf;Fk;gbf;Fj; jd;id tbtikj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhh;. gpwg;Ng ,y;yhjth;> gpwtp vLj;jhy; mth; kpfr;rpwe;j jd;dpr;irahy; gpwg;ngLf;Fk;

g;ugt: Mfpwhh;. ]k;gthkp

gfthd; fh;ggth]k; ; gpwtp

Vtk;

fh;gg ;

Jf
gpwtp

tpth;[pj:
,J

vd;W ,J rk;ge;jkhf Mjprq;fuh; Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;bagbf;F> nra;ahky; vdg;gLfpwJ. vLg;gjhy; mrhjhuzg; mtjhuj;jpd; fhuzk;

]k;gt : vd;fpw thh;jijahy; Rl;bf; fhz;gpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ; jh;k ]k;]; jhg ehh;jjha ]k;gthkp ANf ANf / ;
mtjhuj;jpd; tpepNahfpg;gjw;Fk; Nehf;fk;> fh;ktpidapd; ew;gad;fis

(]h;Nt\hk;

Nghf;jUzhk; ;

gyhep

ghtajPjp) jh;kj;ij epiy epWj;Jtjw;fhfTk;jhd; (gh;jjh) ;

vd;gij ghte: vd;fpw me;j thh;jij Nrh;jJr; nrhy;fpwJ. ; ;

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 82 -

];tak;G+: ]k;G+:
];tak;G+: vd;fpw thh;jij mtjhuk; ,iwtdhNyNa ;
,iwtDf;F toq;fg;gl;lJ JaUWk; vd;gijr; nrhy;fpwJ. mth; jhdhfg; gpwe;jth;: jd;Dila nrhe;j tpUg;gj;jpd;Nghpy; mth; gpwtpnaLf;fpwhh;. u~pf;fpwhh;. gf;jh;fisg; ghJfhj;J

]k;G+: - ]k; ]{fk; gf;jhdhk; ghtajPjp - Mjprq;fuh;. ]k;G+: f;Fg; gpwF tUk; Mjpj;a: vd;fpw thh;j;ij G+kpf;Fr;
R+hpadhy; Vw;gLk; ed;ikiar; nrhy;tjw;fhf ,Uf;fpwJ. NkYk;

];tak;G+:

Tf;F

Mjpj;a:

ghh;it

njhlh;ghd

GyDzh;itf; nfhLf;fpwJ. fPothdj;jpy; cjaR+hpad; ve;j ; tpjkhd MjhuKk; ,y;yhky; epd;W gpwhpd; J}z;Ljypy;yhky;

];tak;G+: Tf;F xU rpj;jpug; ghh;itiaf; nfhLf;fpwJ.

mtjhuq;fs;
]`];uehkhtpy; tUk; mtjhuq;fisj; jdpj; jdpahff; ftdpj;jhy; ]`];uehkh me;j mtjhuq;fis xU cWjpahd> Kiwahd topapy; mwpKfg;gLj;JfpwJ vd;gijg; Ghpe;J nfhs;syhk;. ]`];uehkh nrhy;Yk; Kjy; mtjhuk;

eu]pk;`: - ehu]pk;`tG:
`puz;af]pG capuw;w

(21)

eu]pk;` mtjhuj;jpd; Kf;aj;tk;:

jtkpUe;J jd;id ngw;w rhfhtuj;jpd; rpy Kf;fpa mk;rq;fSf;Ff; Fe;jfk; tpistpf;fhjNjhL xU J}zpypUe;J ntspg;gLj;jpf; mjhtJ mth; nfhz;l vq;Fk;
- 83 -

eu]pk;` mtjhuk;> jhd;jhd; tp\;Z vd;gijr; re;Njfj; Jf;fplkpy;yhky;

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

ep&gpj;jJ.

epiwe;jth;>

vy;yhtw;wpYk;

CLUtpapUg;gth;.

,e;j

cz;ikia ]`];uehkh jh;ffhPjpahf ntspf;nfhzh;fpwJ. ; ]`];uehkhitr; nrhy;Yk;NghJ Kjy; ehu]pk;`tG:

=khe;

tUfpwJ(21-22)). epw;gijf;

rpythpfs;

js;spg; fzpj

ghh;jjhy; ; ]h];jpug;gb ,uz;L

meph;Nj];atG: =khd; tUfpwJ - =khe; ,q;F ,uz;Lf;Fk;

nghJthf nghJthd fhz;fpNwhk;. ,Uf;Fk; ePffptpl;lhy; ; mit fhuzpahf =khie

thh;jijfspypUe;Jk; ; cUtj;ijAk;> ehkhitr; J}uj;jpy; ve;j

eu]pk;`tG:-Tk;>
]`];u rpwpJ

meph;Nj];a tG: Tk; vQ;Rfpd;wd. tiuaWj;Jf; $wKbahj

,lj;ijAk; ngWfpd;wd. ,d;Dk; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;NlNghdhy;

meph;Nj];a
Nehf;fpr;

tG:

tp\;Z:-itr;re;jpf;fpNwhk;. ;
tpUk;gpNdhNkh> me;j

Kd;nrhd;d mNj fzpj rh];jpu tpjpfspd;gb ehk; cq;fis ,yf;if nrYj;j ,yf;if ,g;nghOJ ePqfs; mile;J tpLfpwPhfs;. ; ;

eu]pk;`tG: eu]pk;`tG: epiwe;jth;; tof;fpy; vy;yhtw;Ws;Sk;

meph;Nj];atG: tp\;Z:
CLUtpapUg;gth;. ]`];uehkhtpy; nghJ

meph;Nj];atG: - tp\;Z:
me;j eu]pk;` tG: jhd; tp\;Z. mth;jhd; vq;Fk;

eu]pk;`:

y~;keu]pk;` P

vd;Wjhd; eu]pk;`-

miof;fg;gLfpwhh;.

xUf;fhy;

itaLj;J tUk; =khe; vd;fpw thh;jijjhd; ,jw;fhd ; Fwpg;Gr; nrhy;yhf ,Uf;Fk; NghYk; (=khe; vd;why; mofd;). cWjpahd> epr;rakhd topKiwfisg; gpd;gw;wpj;jhd; ]`];uehkh cUthfpapUf;fpwJ vd;gjw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf fPNo fz;l tp\aj;ijr; nrhy;yyhk;.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 84 -

ehkhtspapd; 21-MtJ thh;jijahf eh]pk;` tG: Tk; ;

177-MtJ

thh;jijahf ;

meph;Nj\;a

tG:Tk;

657-MtJ

thh;jijahf tp\;Z:-Tk; tUfpd;wd. xt;nthU vz;zpY ; Ks;s ];jhdq;fspd; $l;Lj;njhif KiwNa 3>6>9 vd;W tUfpwJ. ,e;j %d;W vz;fSf;Fk; nghJf;fhuzp 3. me;j %d;why; ,e;j vz;fis tFj;jhy; 1>2>3 vd;W tUk;. NkNy nrhd;d me;j 3 thh;jijfisAk; (ehu]pk;` tG: meph;Nj\;a ;

tG: tp\;Z:) me;j thpirapNyNa (1>2>3) itj;jhy; clNdNa

njhlh;rrpahd ; xU $l;lhd nghUs; fpilf;Fk;. mjhtJ eu]pk;` tG: jhd; meph;Nj];a tG: tp\;Z: /.

eu]pk;`tG: jhd; ]`];ukehkhtpy; tUk; tp\;Ztpd; Kjy; rFz tbtk; vd;gij thrfh; Ghpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ve;j tpjkhd re;Njfj;Jf;Fk; ,lkpy;yhky;> me;j thh;jij ;

tG:

tp\;Ztpd;

vq;Fk;

epiwe;jpUf;fpwjhd

jd;ikNahL> filrpj;Jsp re;Njfj;ijAk; ePffp ];jhgpg;gjhy; ; Fwpg;ghd Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijg; ngWfpwJ. ]`];uehkh> eu]pk;`tGit mwpKfg;gLj;Jk; NghJ

g;ujhd GUN\];tu: vd;W $WfpwJ. ,iwtd; eu]pk;`khfj;

Njhd;wpajpd; Nehf;fk;> re;jh;ggk; R+o;epiy Mfpatw;iw xNu ; thh;jijapy; rpj;jpukhf tbj;Jf; nfhLg;gjw;fhfNt. g;ujhd ;

GUN\];tu: vd;fpwJ ]`];uehkh. g;ujhd vd;why; g;uf;Ujp,e;j R+o;epiyapy; J}z;. GU\: vd;gth; gf;j gpu`;yhjh. mjhtJ [Pthj;khthfTk;> jhNd <];tudhfpa ,Uf;Fk; epiy> nkhopapy;> gfthdhf kw;nwhU GUN\hj;jkdhfTk;> rpe;jidahsuhd

Mjprq;fuhpd;

g;ujhd

GUN\];tu:
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 85 -

(gh]: g]{: gjp: / g;ujhdk; - g;Uf;Ujp: khah GU\: [Pt: - jNahhP]tu: ; g;ujhd GUN\];tu: ) - vd;W tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ.

= fpU\;z:
=fpU\;zh(58) Neh;eJtpl;ljhy; ; tp];t%h;jjpahf ; ]`];uehkh> gP\kUld; ; ]`];uehkh ,Ug;gjhYk;

(58)

rkfhyj;jpy; mLj;j

,Uf;f mtjhuk; ntd;W>

NgRk;

fpU\;zhtjhukhf ,Ug;gJ kpfTk; rhpahdNj. = fpU\;zh;> fhyq;fis mtjhuq;fspy; rpwe;J> vq;Fk; epiwe;jtuhf ,Ug;gjhYk;

Nyh`pjh~: g;ujh;je: g;uG+j: j;hpfFg;jhkh (59-62)

vd;W njhlh;eJ ; nrhy;ypf; Kjy; nfhz;Nl NghfpwJ. ,q;F

Nyh`pjh~:
,Wjpg;Nguoptpy;

mtjhukhd

kj;]ahtjhuj;ijg; ; mtjhukhfpa

gw;wpAk;> gpujh;je: - Afg;gpusak; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLfpd;w Njhd;wg;Nghfpd;w filrp fy;fpiag; gw;wpAk; NgRfpd;wd (k;Nyr;rhehk;)

g;uyNa G+jhep g;ujh;jjp `pd];jjp - g;ujh;je: vd;W P

Mjprq;fuh; kpfr; rhpahfr; thh;jij ; Rl;bf; = fhl;bapUf;fpwhh;. vy;yh

j;hpfFg;jhk vd;fpw

fpU\;zh;jhd;

,lq;fSf;Fk; ,iwtd; vd;gijr; nrhy;fpwJ. ,g;gbahf vy;yh mtjhuq;fisAk; gfthd; =fpU\;zhpy; fz;lgpwF jdpj;jdp mtjhuq;fisg; gw;wp ]`];uehkh NgRk; NghJ me;je;j mtjhuq;fSf;Fhpa Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij jdpj; jdpahff; nfhLf;fpwJ.

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 86 -

gl;bay;
,g;nghOJ mtw;wpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij mwpa Kw;gLKd; mtw;iw ehk; gl;baypl;Lg; ghh;gNghk;. ; 1. kj;]a: Nyh`pjh~: Nuh`pj: k`h];Uq;f: ];Uq;f: P 2. $h;kh: 3. tuh`: k`hj;hpj;Uf;: t;U\hfgp: k`htuh` fgp: itfhe: 4. eu]pk;`: ehu]pk;` tG: ]pk;`: ]pk;`: 5. thke: cNge;jpu: thke: 6. gu]{uhk: 7. uhk: 8. gyuhk: 9. fpU\;z: fz;lgu]{ : uhk: `yhAj: f;U\;z: f;U\;z: NjtfP ee;je: 10. Gj;j: ]pj;jhh;jj: ; eph;thzk; af;Qhe;jf;Uj;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

(59) (365) (540) (803) (182) (102) (542) (900) (987) (21) (202) (489) (153) (154)

(thke: g;uhk;]{:) th]thE[: (323)

(573) (395) (567) (58) (554) (989) (253) (584) (981)
- 87 -

11. fy;fp:

g;ujh;je: fy;fp

(60)

]`];uehkh

mtjhuj;ijg;

gw;wp

mt;tsT

ntspg;gilahf ,y;iy. xUf;fhy; cyfg;Nguopit vjph;Nehf;f mJ jaq;FfpwNjh vd;dNth!

kj;]ah> $h;kh kw;Wk; tuh` ;

(540 - 543)

k`h];Uq;f: k`htuh`: vd;W ]`];uehkh xNu

%r;rpy; nrhy;fpwNghJ> mJ eLtpypUf;Fk; $h;khtjhuj;ijAk; Nrh;jNj Ngr tpUk;GfpwJ. ,e;j %d;WNk VNjh ; xU fhuzj;Jf;fhff; Njhd;wp> fpl;lj;jl;l clNd kiwe;j jpBh; mtjhuq;fs;. Mifahy; f;Ujhe;jf;Uj;: nghUj;jkhfr; cghridf;F nrhy;fpwJ. vdNt> ,e;j ];U\;bj;Jf; mtjhuq;fs; epiy nfhz;lhh;fs; - Kbj;Jf; nfhz;lhh;fs; vd;W ]`];uehkh fpilg;gjpy;iy; Kf;aj;Jtj;ij

epWj;Jtjw;fhf k`htuh`: Tf;F mLj;jjhf ]`];uehkh

Nfhtpe;j: itr; nrhy;fpwJ. ,e;j k`h];Uq;f: Tk;> k`h tuh`: Tk; Nfhtpe;j: tpd; yPiyf;F Ml;gLfpd;wd. Nfh
vd;gJ G+kpiaAk;> Ntjq;fisAk; xUq;Nf Fwpf;Fk; xU nrhy; tpe;j: vd;why; fz;Lgpbg;gJ my;yJ fhg;ghw;WtJ kj;]a mtjhuj;jpy; Ntjq;fis moptpypUe;J fhg;ghw;wpdhh;. ; tuh`htjhuj;jpy; Mo;flypy; kiwj;J itf;fg;gl;bUe;j G+kpiaf; fz;Lgpbj;J kPllhh;. ;

thkeh:
cNge;ju: thke: g;uhk;]{: - ,e;j thkehtjhuj;jpd; Nehf;fk; ;
k`hgypAila fh;tj;ij mlf;FtNj - Mifahy; thke:
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 88 -

(thk

,jp-thke)

kPz;Lk;

FWfpf;Fl;ilaha;

thkeehfj;

Njhd;wpDk; mth; gpugQ;rk; KOtijAk; Mf;ukpf;Fk; tifapy; tsuTk; nra;jhh;. - g;uhk;]{ : /

,uhkh; guRuhkh;.
,uhkh;> guRuhkh; MfpNahhpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij mwpa =,uhkiug;gw;wpa mj;jpahaj;ijg; ghUq;fs;.

gyuhkh
`yhAj: gpugQ;r cotd;
ee;jP tekhyP `yhAj: / Mjpj;a: [;Nahjp uhjpj;a: ]`p\;Z.
kakhd gpugQ;r tdj;jpy; kyh;
(565 - 570)

vd;Wk; kfpo;rrpiaj; jUfpd;w ee;jNfhgd; ;

(ee;j) ,d;g P

khiyfszpe;J

kyh;rNrhiyahfj; Njhw;Wkspf;fpwhh; (tekhyP )> gRikahd ; ,e;jg; gpugQ;r epyj;jpd; tptrhapahf cotdhf (`yhAj: ) ,Uf;fpwhh;. R+hpare;jpuh;fs; ,e;jg; gpugQ;rj;jpw;F cuKk; Cl;lKk; je;J ghJfhf;fpwhh;fs;. (Mjpj;a: [;Nahjp uhjpj;a:)

G\;ahkp nrs\jp ]h;th: N]hNkh G+j;th u]hj;kf:)/

(fPij-15.13) (ehd; re;jpudhfp mjd;%yk; tho;tpd; u]j;ij vy;yh fha;fSf;Fk; toq;FfpNwd;.) ,g;gbahf tp\;Z ]`];uehkh kdq;ftUk; xU mofpag;gpugQ;rg; gz;iztPL> mijr; Rw;wpg; nghpa gz;iz (tekhyP)> kw;Wk; Xh; cotd; (`yhAj:) ePUf;Fk;> cuj;jpw;Fk; nghWg;ghspfshf R+h;a> re;jpuh;fs; (Mjpj;a: [Nahjpuhjpj;a:)

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 89 -

jdp epiyj; njhluhfr; nrhy;tjhdhy; ,ju Jizj; njhopy;fisg; Nghyy;yhky; Ntshz;ikf;F kpFe;j rfpg;Gj; jd;ik Njitg;gLfpwJ (]`p\;Z). tptrhaj;jpy; FWfpa fhyj;jpl;lj;jpw;Fk;> cldbg; gyDf;Fk; xj;JtUk;gbahd nghUshjhuk; ,y;iy. ,g;gbahf ]`];uehkh jd;dpfhpy;yhj jdJ jdp topapy;> mtjhuq;fis vy;yhf; Nfhzq;fspypUe;Jk; KOikahf mZFfpwJ.

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 90 -

= fpU\;zh;

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 91 -

7. = fpU\;zh;
tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpd; %yth;
(50 - 64)

tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpd; %yth;> ,\;lnja;tk; my;yJ cgh]e %h;jjp ahh; vd;W Nfl;lhy; jaf;fkpy;yhky; mJ ; =fpU\;zh;jhd; vd;W nrhy;yptpLNthk;. tp\;Z ]`];u ehkhtpd; Kjd;ikf; flTshf Mf;Ftij Nehf;fkhf; nfhz;l mjd; Mrphpah;> tp\;Z ]`];uehk ghuhazj;jpy; =fpU\;ziu chpa ,lj;jpy; itj;Jg; Nghw;Wfpwhh;.

tp];tfh;kh kE: - j;t\;lh ];jtp\;l: ];jtpNuhj;Ut: mf;uh`;a: ]h];tj: f;U\;z

vd;W nrhy;yp gpugQ;r nrhd;dgpwF =fpU\;zhpd; tpiufpwJ. mtjhuq;fspNyNa = fpU\;zhtjhuk;jhd; ed;F mwpa KbajhjJ. vdNtjhd; mth; mf;uh`;a: vd;W tp\;Z ]`];uehkh nrhy;fpwJ. mth; nray;fs; ahTk;; kdpjdpd; gFj;jwpT vd;Dk; tuk;gpw;F mg;ghw;gl;lJ. Mifahy;jhd;> mwpQh;fs; mtuJ nray;fistpl> nrhy;Yf;F mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;Fk;gb mwpTWj;jpdhh;fs;. mth; kdpj mwptpw;fg;ghw;gl;lth; vd;W nrhd;dJk;> me;j mwptpg;gpdhy; Vw;glf;$ba jg;ggpg;uhaj;ijr; rhpnra;a tp\;Z ]`];uehkh mth; tp\;Z ]`];uehkh vg;gbj; = fpU\;ziu vd;W nrhy;y Kd;dwptpg;G nra;J tpLfpwJ. ntspg;ghLfs; (tp];tfh;kh xspkakhd Njhd;wpd

kE:)

tp\;Z

]`];uehkh

Njhw;wq;fisr;

]h];tj:

vd;W

clNd

$wptpLfpwJ.

NkYk;
- 92 -

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

mf;uh`;a vd;W nrhy;tjw;F Kd;ghfNt mJ j;Ut: vd;Wk;

$wptpLfpwJ.

Ntjh: ];thq;f: m[pj: f;U\;z: j;Ul: ]q;fh;\z: mr;Aj: vd;fpw thpfspy; f;U\;z: kPzLk; Njhd;Wk; nghOJ j;Ul: ;

mr;Aj: Mfpa thh;jijfshy; ]h];tj: kPzLk; cWjp ; ;

nra;ag;gLfpwJ. Vw;fdNt nrhd;dgb ]`];uehkhtpy; = fpU\;zh; Kjypy; Njhd;Wk; NghJ> Nyh`pjh~: g;ujh;je: g;uG+j: j;hpfFg;jhk

gtpj;uk; kq;fsk; guk;

vd;W th;zpf;fg;gLfpwhh;. =fpU\;zh;jhd; vy;yh mtjhuq; fSf;Fk; Mjhukhf ,Ue;J (Nyh`pjh~:

g;ujh;je:)

KOg;gpugQ;rj;jpYk; ,lq;fspYk;> ve;j

%d;W

cyfq;fspYk; ,Uf;Fk;

(j;hpfFg;jhk:) Kjd;ikj;

tpahgpj;jpUg;gjhfr; nrhy;yg; gLfpwJ. ,g;gb mth; vy;yh Neuj;jpYk; jpwKilatuhfg; mtuJ kpfr;rhpa P Nghw;wg;gLfpwhh;. ey;yJ nra;a =fpU\;zuhy; ,uf;fkdg;

th;\pf;fg;gl;L> ,e;jg; gpugQ;rk; KOtijANk nrd;wilAk; tpUk;Gk; ghd;ikf;fhf gtpj;uk; kq;fsk; guk; ; epw;fpwJ.

kaf;f itf;Fk; jpUNkdp

f;U\;z: j;Ul: ]q;fh;\z:
jpUNkdp ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gJ
(554 - 556)

vt;tsT kaq;fitf;ff; $bajhf = fpU\;zUila

]q;fh;\z:

vd;fpw

xNu

thh;jijahy; vg;gb tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;W ghUq;fs;. ;

]haq;fhNy tehe;Nj F]{kpj ]kNa i]fNj re;jphpfhahk; j;iuNyhfah

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 93 -

fh;\zhq;fk; ]{ueufzpfh Nkh`eh ghq;f %h;jjpk; vd;W yPyh]{fh - nrhy;Yk; NghJ ;

mtuJ moF mg;gbNa glk; gpbj;Jf; fhz;gpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

,\;l Njtij
,\;l : tp]p\;ll : ]p\;Nl\;l ]pfz;B ;
(301-311)

xU gf;jd; jdJ ,\;l Njtijia (,\;l:) tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpypUe;Nj Nt\jhudhf jpwDs;s mila tpUk;gpdhy; nrhd;dgb mtDf;Ff; rpfz;bahfj; jpUNkdpiaNa Fwpg;ghf moF nghq;Fk; me;j myq;fhu tbtpy; Nfhg Mjprq;fuh; ,e;j jiyapy; kapypwFld; jhprdk; jUthh;. xU gFj;jwpAk; gf;jd; kaq;fitf;Fk; jdJ ,\;l nja;tkhfj; njhpe;njLg;ghd;. Mifahy;jhd;> ]jh]ptg;gpuk;Nke;jpuhs;> khd] ]Q;ruNu g;u`;kzp

kj]pfp gpQ;rhyq;Uj rpFNu!

vd;W ghb kfpo;fpwhh;.

fphPlk;
]`];uehkh KbtilAk; NghJ filrp ];Nyhfj;Jf;F Ke;ija ];Nyhfj;jpy;

NjtfPee;jd:
filrp

thfj;

njspthf ,U

mkh;ejpUf;fpwhh;. ; nrhy;yyhk;.

NkYk;

thh;j;ijf;F

thh;jijfSf;F Kd; -Vd;- xU thh;jijf;F Kd; vd;W $lr; ; ; (mN~hg;a: Tk; ]h;tg;u`uzhAj: Tk; Nrh;eJ xNu thh;jij ; ; ahfpwJ. Vndd;why;> mitfSf;Fs; xU fhuz fhhpaf; $l;Lf; fUj;J ,Uf;fpwJ.)
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 94 -

ifapy; Njhd;Wfpwhh;.

xU

rhl;ilAld; tp\;Z

NjNuhl;Lk;

=fpU\;zh; Kbtpy;

ujhq;fghzpahf

]`];uehkhtpd;

me;Nj ]h;tg;u`uzhAj : ,jptrdk; ]j;a ]q;fy;gj;Nte ]h;Nt];tuj;tk; jh;]apJk; V\ ]h;Nt];tu: ,jp];Ujp :

vd;W Mjprq;fuh; Kj;jha;gG itf;Fk;NghJ cz;ikapy; jdJ ; Rl;Lk; tpuyhy; = fpU\;ziuj;jhd; mth; fhl;Lfpwhh;.

cj;ju: Nfhgjp: Nfhg;jh

(496-498)

NtnwhU re;jh;g;gj;jpy; mth; Nfhgpj: Nfhg;jh Qhdfk;a

Guhje:

vd;W

th;zpf;fg;gLfpwhh;.

Nfhgjpahd

mtuJ

ghj;jpuk; cz;ikapy; jpiuaplg;gl;l> kiwf;fg;gl;l uf]pa Nfhg;jh. mJ Qhdpfl;F kl;LNk njhpaf;$baJ. (Qhdfk;a:) NkYk; Ke;ija re;jh;g;gj;jpy; nrhy;yg;gl;l ]h];tj: ,q;F kPzLk; NtnwhU tbtpy; Guhje: thfj;jpUk;gr; nrhy;yg; ; gLfpwJ. ,e;jr; #o;epiyapy; ,g;gbg;gl;l Ghpe;J nfhs;sf;$ba fpU\;zid vg;gb miltJ vd;fpw Nfs;tp vof;$Lk;. mLj;j fl;lj;jpy; ,jw;fhd tpil ,g;gb tUfpwJ.

Nfh`pj: Nfhgjp: Nfhg;jh tU\gh~:t;U\g;hpa:

(598-602)

nghUs;

kaf;fj;ijj; mNj

jtph;ggjw;fhfTk;> ; re;jh;ggq;fNshL ;

cWjpahd njhlh;G vd;fpw mth;

epiyg;ghl;Lf;fhfTk; nfhs;tjw;fhfTk; thh;jijfNs ; jh;kj;ij

Ke;ija

Nfhgjp:
(t;U\g;hpa:).

Nfhg;jh

cgNahfg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. Nerpg;gth;

ey;nyhOf;fk;
- 95 -

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

cilath;fsplk;

mth;

fUiz

kioiag;

nghopfpwhh;

(t;U\:). mth; fz;fs; jh;kj;ijg; nghopfpd;wd (t;U\gh~:). mth; Ghpe;J nfhs;sf;$batuh> Ghpe;J nfhs;sKbahjtuh vd;gijg; gw;wpf; ftiyapy;iy. ,iwtDilia fUzh flhl;rj;jpdhy; gadilaf;$ba jFjpAs;stuhf> ey;nyhOf;fKs;stuhf ,Ue;jhNy NghJk;. ,e;jr; rkaj;jpy; =fpU\;zUila ghyyPiy vt;thW fhz;gpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ vd;wwptJ kfpo;T+l;Ltjhf ,Uf;Fk;.

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 96 -

ghy yPiy
];th;z th;z: N`khq;f: tuhq;f: re;jehq;fjP / tPu`h tp\k: ]_e;Nahj;U jh]Pury];ry: // mkhep
(743 - 753)

,J ele;jJ - gfthd; aNrhijapd;> rpwpa> mofpa Foe;ijahf ,Uf;f tpUk;gpa me;jf; fhyfl;lk;. xU ehs; mts; me;j tz;zkakhd xUf;fhy; Guz;L jpUNkdpiaf; rpytPur; fhz;fpwhs; rpWth;fNshL nra;jpUe;

(];th;zth;z: ). me;jj; jpUNkdp kz;zhy; G+rg;gl;bUf;fpwJ

(N`khq;f:). cUz;L> mtd; ky;Aj;jk; Ghpe;J tpl;L te;jpUg;ghNdh? ( tPu`h ). jiuapy; tPukhf mtd; Aj;jk; jpUf;fNtz;Lk;. aNrhij mtid vLj;J ed;F Fspg;ghl;b (tuhq;f:) cly; KOtJk; re;jdk; G+Rfpwhs; ( re;jehq;fjP: ). gpwF tprhhpjj;jjpy; mtSf;Fj; mtdJ tp\kj;jdkhd (tp\k:). eltbf;iffs; Mdhy; mtd; mtd; njhpa tUfpd;wd

vy;yhtw;iwAk; mikjpahf kWf;fpwhd; (]_d;a:). jpULtjw;fhf (j;Ujh]P:) miye;jNghJ

tPL tPlhfr; nrd;W> jhd; kpfTk; tpUk;gpa ntz;nziaj;

(mry:

ry:)

gaq;fukhf fbe;J nfhs;sg;gl;bUe;jpUf;fNtz;Lk; (mkheP: ) . me;jg; GOjpAk; kz;Zk; ,ilah; Fyr; rpWth;fSld; mtd; ntz;nziag; gfph;e;J nfhs;tjw;fhfg; Nghl;l rz;ilapd; tpisthf ,Uf;fyhk;. ]`];uehkhtpy; ,e;jr;rhsuj;jpd; topahf ehk; me;jg; ghyyPiy vd;fpw ehlfj;ijf; fhzKbfpwJ.

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 97 -

=tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy; = ,uhkh;

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 98 -

8. =tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy; =,uhkh;

= ,uhkh; tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy; ,t;thW Njhd;Wfpwhh;.

uhk: tpuhk: tpu[: khh;f: NeNah eNahs ea: / tPu: ]f;jpkjhk; ];Nu\;l: jh;Nkh jh;ktpJj;jk //

(395 - 405)

=,uhkiu cyFf;F mspj;j thy;kfpapd; topapNyNa> P gP\kUk; ; kdpj =,uhkiu ,dj;jpy; mZFfpd;whh;. mtjhuq;fspNyNa gf;jh;fs; Ma;T =,uhkUila mtjhuk; jdpr;rpwg;G tha;ejJ. mtUf;F ; kl;Lky;y; tpyq;fpdj;jpYk; me;j ,Ue;jhh;fs;.

ukajPjpuhk;

vd;W

thh;jij ;

nra;ag;gLtjhy; mtiu kdpj ,dj;jpw;F kl;Lk; nrhe;j khdtuhff; fUj KbahJ. tpyq;fpdq;fspy; gwg;gdthfpa [lhA> elg;gdthfpa mth; [hk;gthd; kw;Wk; thduq;fisAk; gw;wpa ,e;jg; Mjprq;fuh; <h;g;gtuhf ,Ue;jhh;. =,uhkiug;

ghh;itjhd; mLj;j thh;jijahd tpuhk: it ;

tpsf;Fk;NghJ tpuhNkh mt]hek; g;uhzpehk; m];kpd; ,jp vd;W mtiuf; $w itj;jJ. khh;f: vd;fpw thh;jij me;j ; ,uhkhazj;jpd; epidTgLj;JfpwJ.

uhk];a tPu:

mae

vd;fpw

thh;jijia ;

]f;jpkjhk;

];Nu\;l:

jh;k:

jh;ktpJj;jk: vd;fpw thh;jijfs; thyptijf;F vjpuhfg; ;

NgRgth;fspd; ehf;if xl;l eWf;Ftjw;fhfNt Vw;gl;lit. tPuj;jpy; Fiwe;jjhyh =,uhkh; thypia kiwe;jpUe;J nfhd;whh;? ,y;iy! mth; tPu: ]f;jpkjhk; ];Nu\;l: / Nghhpd; tpjp Kiwfs; - Aj;j jh;kk; mtUf;Fj; njhpahjjh? ,y;iy. mth; jh;k tpJj;jk : ,d;Dk; nrhy;yg; Nghdhy; jh;kNk mth;jhd;. mg;gbnad;why; ,e;jf; nfhiy vg;gb epahag; gLj;jg;gl;lJ. jhNd mij mth; epahag;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhh;.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 99 -

mth; giftuhy; mZfKbahjth; (mea :) vd;fpw tp\ak; midtuhYk; xUtUk; mwpag;glNtz;Lk;. ePqfSk; ; mtUf;F ehDk; Mizapl mtUila fpilahJ.

fUizahy;jhd; tho;eJ nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;. (Nea: ea:) ; fl;lisapLgtUk; mtNu. mij epiwNtw;WgtUk; mtNu. =,uhkh; tpf;u`thd; jh;kthf ,Ug;gjhy; ]hjfd; jh;kj;ij ehkhtpy; ,e;j Nehf;fpr; nrYj;jg;gLfpwhd;. ngah; nraypd; gaDk; =,uhkgf;jh;fl;F clNd fpilf;fpwJ Mifahy; ]`];u =,uhkhpd; vq;nfy;yhk; tUfpwNjh ,U mq;nfy;yhk; tpjptpyf;fpd;wp rkaj;jpy; gy];Ujp clNd njhlh;fpwJ. fhl;Lk;

=,uhkiuf;Nfhbl;L

gf;fq;fspYk; gy];Ujp ,Uf;fpwJ. ]{Ng~z: itFz;l: Nfhl;il milg;Gf;Fwpf;Fs; ,Lq;fs;. gP\kh; =,uhkiu xU ; CJnfhk;gpd; Kof;fj;Jld;

]{Ng~z:

vd;fpw

thh;j;ijahy; kFlkpl;L mwptpg;gJ Mjprq;fuiu gwf;Fk; nrhy; tsj;Jld; fPoffz;lthW Ngritf;fpwJ. ; ;

<~zk; jh;]ek; a];a ]{gk; ]{gfuk;> KO~_zhk; Nkhf~jk;> Nghfhh;jjp ehk; Nghfjk;> ; ]h;t ]e;Nj` tpr;Nrj fhuzk;> ghgpehk; ghtek;> `;Ujaf;ue;Nj tpr;Nrjfuk;> ]h;t fh;khzhk; ~gzk; mtpj;ahahk;]r epth;jfk; ]: ]{Ng~z: // ;
mNahj;jp kf;fs; ,e;j ]{Ng~z: tpd; gaidaile;jhh;fs;.

j;u\;l Vt`p eN]hfk; mgNe\;ajp uhft: jk: ]h;t];a Nyhf];a ]Kj;ae;ept gh];fu: //
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

(Ayo.K 83.9)
- 100 -

,d;ndhU epahag;gLj;jp fhz;gpf;fpwJ.

Nfhbapy;

,Uf;Fk;

itFz;l:

KK

~_zhk; Nkh~jk; vd;fpw Mjprq;fuhpd; thh;jijfis ;

=,uhkgf;jh;fSf;F ew;fjpiaf;

(ii)
kN`\;thN]h k`Pgh;jh = epth] ]jhk; fjp:
gP\kh; ; =,uhkiu Kiwg;gb mwpKfg;gLj;Jfpwhh;. ]`];uehkk; nrhy;gtUf;F =kj; ,uhkhazj;jpy; =,uhkh; ve;j ];t&gj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwhNuh mNj ];t&gj;jpy; =ke; ehuhazDld; njhlh;GgLj;jp mwpKfg;gLj;Jfpwhh;.

]`pNjit: cjPzhk;]a uhtz];a thjhh;jpgp: / ; mh;jjpNjh khEN\ NyhNf [f;NQ tp\;Z: ]ehje: // ;
(Ayo.K 1-7)

tp\;Z ]`];uehkhTf;Fk;> =kj; ,uhkhazj;Jf;Fk; ,ilNaahd njhlh;G ,Njh;

kN`\;thN]h k`Pgh;jjh = epth]: ]jhk; fjp: ;

gjpypypUe;J gl;bUf;fpwJ. =uhkhpd; jpwe;J tpLfpwhh;.

(183-186)

,uhkhazj;jpd; Muk;gj;jpy; thy;kfpf;F ehujh; mspj;j P

kN`\;th]:
,g;nghOJ

vd;fpw gP\kh;> ;

thh;jij ;

ifahsg;

]`];uehkhtpy;

Eiothapiy kN`\;th]: vd;Nw tpspj;Jj;

kN`hu];Nfh kN`\;thN]h $lrj;U mhpjk: / m[hEgh`{: ]{]puh: ]{yyhl: ]{f;uk //fPjhrhhpadpd; jDh;ju: jhd; kN`\;th]: /
(B.K 1-10)

uhk: ]];jug;Ujhk; m`k; (fPij 10- 3 ) vd;W mth; $Wfpwhh;.

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 101 -

k`Pgh;jhjhd; =,uhkh;. mtjhuq;fSs; G+kpia Mz;l xNu murh;. k`P[h: vd;fpw ngahpy; rPjhNjtp ,Ug;gjhy; k`Pgh;jhit thh;jijahd ; ,izf;fpwJ. (a];a t~];ae ghapeP =: t]jp] =epth]:) Rw;wp rPjhuhkh vd;fpw =,uhkiu tisak;. mLj;j =epth]: %y&gj;Jld;

]jhk;

fjp:

vd;fpw

thh;jijahy; ;

gy];Ujp

fhz;gpf;fg;

gLfpwJ.

]jhk; itjpehk; ]hJehk; GU\hh;jj ]hjeg;uhg;jpN`J: ; ]jhk; fjp: /

,g;gbahf tpsf;fj;ij ehk; Mjprq;fuUila Kjy; ,e;j thh;jijapd; ; nfhs;s gy];Ujpahf vLj;Jf;

Ntz;Lk;. ]`];uehkhtpy; =,uhkh; filrpahf tUk;NghJ xg;G Nehf;fp milahsk; fz;L kPzLk; gy];Ujp nrhy;yg; ; gLk;NghJk; ,ij epidT gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

(mNefkhf me;j vz;zj;jpd; Mjhu];Ujp KOtJk;

ghpj;uhzha ]hJ}ehk; tpeh]ha rJ\;fUjhk; / ; jh;k ]k;]jhgehh;j;jha ]k;gthkp ANf ANf ;
Kb#lg;gLfpwJ.
(fPij 4-8)

vd;Dk; ];Nyhfj;jpy; mlq;fp> ,e;j ehd;F thh;jijfshy; ;

]jhk; fjp:apy; ghpj;uhzha ]hJ}ehk; - ];gbfkhfpwJ. kN`\;th]h-tpy;>tpeh]har J\;fUjhk; - ciwe;J NghfpwJ. ;

gfthd; =epth]d; k`Pgh;jhthf ,q;F jh;kj;ijg; ghpghypg;gjw;fhfNt Njhd;Wfpwhh; (jh;k ]k];jhg ehh;jjha ;

]k;gtjp ) ).

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 102 -

(iii). tuj: thAth`e:

=,uhkh; ,uz;lhtJ Kiwahf ]`];uehkhtpy; Njhd;Wk;NghJ - ,y;iy ,y;iy - Kjd;Kiwahf vd;Wjhd; nrhy;yNtz;Lk; - Vndd;why;> Kjy; Njhw;wk; mtjhuj;jpd; Muk;gkhff; nfhs;sg;gl mth; Ntz;Lk;. thA th`eehf MQ;rNeaUld; Njhd;Wfpwhh;(332).

thA

th`e:

=,uhkiuj; jtpu NtW ahuhf ,Uf;f KbAk;? ,uhtzDld; rz;ilapLk;NghJ MQ;rNeah;jhNd = ,uhkiur; Rke;jhh;? ,uz;lhtJ ]`];uehkh Kiwahf vDk; ]`];uehkhtpy; Nkilapy;

thA

th`e:
gP\kh; ;

tUk;NghJ (860) jEh;ju: Tk; jEh;Ntj: Tk; Njhd;Wfpwhh;fs;. Gdpj =,uhkiu mwpKfg;gLj;jpaNghJ> MQ;rNeah; ,y;yhj =,uhkiu

mtuhy; fw;gid $lr; nra;J ghh;ff Kbatpy;iy. ;

aj;uaj;u uFehj fPhjjdk; ; ; jj;ujj;u f;Ujk];j fhQ;[ypk; gh\;gthhp ghpG+h;z Nyhrek; khUjpk; ekjuh~ ]he;jfk;
vd;nwy;yhk; ePlb ; vd;fpw Kof;fpr; xNu nrhy;y Ntz;bapUg;gij gP\kh; ; eWf;Fj;

thAth`e:
gy];Ujp.

thh;jijahy; ;

njwpj;jhw; Nghy; tpsq;fitj;J tpLfpwhh;. ,q;F tuj: vd;gJ

(iv). fgPeju` ;
mLj;jgbahf = ,uhkh; fgPe;ju: thf tUk;NghJ (503) ; G+hpj~pzthf tuj: tphptilfpwhh; thAth`e: njspthf tpsf;fg;gl;L fgPeju: thf epiyngWfpwhh;. G+hpj~pz: ,e;j ; ,lj;jpy; gy];UjpahfpwJ.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 103 -

(v). ]{je;th
mLj;J ]`];uehkhtpy; =,uhkh; guRuhkUld; Njhd;Wfpwhh;. rkfhyj;jth;fshifahy; mth;fis xU Nru itg;gJjhd; rhp vd;W gP\kh; fUjpdhh;. ;

fjp]j;jk: ]{jd;th fz;lgu]{: jhUz: j;utpzg;uj:

,q;F ]`];uehkh jh]ujp uhkUf;Fk; [hkjf;ep uhkUf;Fk; cs;s Ntw;Wikiaf; fhz;gpf;f Kaw;rpf;fpwJ.

[kjf;ep uhk: jhd; jhUz. jh]ujp uhk: jhd; fjp]j;jk:

ftdpAq;fs;. mNefkhf =,uhkhpd; ,ul;bg;ghfpaJ. Kjy; Njhw;wj;jpy;

kN`\;

th]hTld; Njhd;wpa ]jhk;fjp : fjp]j;jk : vd;fpw tbtpy;

mJNt>

kN`\;th]htpd;

gpujpahfpa ]{jd;th- it mile;jpUf;fpwJ. =,uhkh;> =guRuhkh; MfpNahuJ jh;k ghpghydj;ij xg;G Nehf;Fk;NghJ Vw;glf;$ba Fog;gj;ijj; jtph;ff Ntz;b ;

fjp]j;jk: Nth> jhUz: Nth> ]{je;th kw;Wk; fz;lgu]{:

Tf;F eLNt itf;fg;glhky; jdpahf itf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. ,e;j tpjkhf fjp]j;jk: = ,uhkNdjhd; vd;gJk;> jhUz: guRuhkh;jhd; vd;gJk; cWjpahfpwJ. ,Wjpahf gu]{uhkh;> Nfhjz;luhkDld; Mj;khh;jj ; khf xd;wptpLtjhy;> guRuhkiug; gphpj;jgpd; j;utpzg;uj: vd;fpw ngahpy; gy];Ujp Njhd;WfpwJ. kPzLk; uhk> guRuhk ; ]k;Nahfk; ,lJ Gwj;jpy; fjp]j;jk: thfTk;> tyJ Gwj;jpy;

j;utpzg;uj: thfTk; gy];Ujp cah;tile;J> Md;kf kw;Wk; P

cyfpay; rhh;ej Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij KiwNa NgrptpLfpwJ. ;

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 104 -

( vi )

G+]a:
Njhd;Wk;NghJ ,Nj

G+]a:
gLfpwJ.

thf

(634)

=,uhkh;

khjphpahd re;jh;ggj;jpy; thy;kfpapd; tUj;jk; ntspg;gLj;jg; ; P xU tptrhap G+]a: thf ,Ug;gJ ,aw;ifNa vd;whYk; ngUk;ghYk; jtph;ffg;glKbahjJ. Mdhy;> tPukpF ; ,sturd; G+\{Nzh G+jp: ahff; fl;lhe;jiuapy; fplg;gJ mErpjNk.

j]uje;Ug]j;jkhg;ahk; j;Uz ]Nae mErpNj

mJ N]hf eh]e: / ( vii )
(B.K 22 - 24)

,q;F G+]a: itj;njhlUk; gy];Ujp tpN]hf :Nt MdhYk;

f:
(734)

f: vd;fpw cUtpy; = ,uhkh;

kPzLk; xspUk;NghJ ;
(B.K 1 - 2)

ehujhplk; thy;kfp Nfl;l Nfs;tpf;F tpil fpilj;JtpLfpwJ. P

Nfhe; t];kpd; ]hk;gujk; NyhNf.....?

mNjNghy; jh;kGj;jpuh; gP\khplk;> ;

Nfh jh;k: ]h;tjh;khzhk; gtj: guNkh kj:

vd;W Nfl;lhuy;yth? me;j Nfs;tpf;Fk; ghijapy; ,q;Nf tpil fpilf;fpwJ. =,uhkUila ( viii )

(uhk];amae)

mbnahw;wpr; nry;tNj kpfg;nghpa jh;kk;.

fpk;
,q;F

mLj;j thh;jijahd fpk; (735) vd;gJk; =,uhkUf;fhdNj. ; (vJ guk;nghUs; vd;W Muhaj;jf;ftdhf ,Ug;gtd;). jh;kGj;jpuhpd; ,uz;lhtJ Nfs;tpahf>

fpk; [ge; Kr;aNj [e;J: [d;k ]k;]hu ge;jehj; /

vd;fpw Nfs;tpf;F tpil fpilf;fpwJ.
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 105 -

[e;Jf;fSld; njhlh;G nfhz;ltuhd tpuhk: vd;fpw =,uhkh;jhd; kpUfq;fshd Vw;fdNt [lhA> $wpagb gwitfs; kw;Wk; [hk;gthd; kw;Wk; fzf;fpylq;fh

thduq;fSf;F tpNkhrdkspj;jhh;. =,uhkhpd; ,k;khjphpahd gytpj ntspg;ghLfSf;fhd gy];Ujp> Nfs;tpfSf;fhd tpilfshf> me;j ntspg;ghL fSf;fpilapNyNa ,Ug;gjhy;> gP\kh; ; Ntz;Lnkd;Nw gy];Ujpiar; nrhy;yhky; tpl;LtpLfpwhh;. gy];Ujp ,q;F kiwe;jpUf;fpwJ. ,e;j ,lk; Nfs;tpAk; ehNd> gjpYk; ehNd vd;fpw ehkhtpy; ghzpapy; ,J gpd;dg;gl;bUg;gjw;F xg;gw;w cjhuzk;tp\;Z tp\;Z ]`];u ]`];u

ehkhtpy;kl;LNk fhzg;gLk; cjhuzk; - xNu thh;jijf;F ; ,uz;L mh;jjq;fs; - rk;gh\izapy; Xuq;fj;jdpnkhop. ; (

ix) thAth`e:
(860 - 862)

jEh;ju: jEh;Ntj: ............... ]j;ajh;k guhaz :

th;zj;jpy; tUfpwhh;. xg;gw;w Guhjd tbtpduhf

thA th`eehf =,uhkiu gP\kh; ghh;fFk;NghJ ehd;F ; ; KOj;Njhw;wj;jpy;

]j;athd; ]hj;tpf: ]j;a: ]j;ajh;k guhaz: /

=,uhkhpd; Gfo;ghl ,q;F ]j; vd;fpw thh;jij ehd;F Kiw ; tUfpwJ.

jEh;ju:

jEh;Ntj:

vd;fpw

thh;jijfspy; ;

=,uhkhpd; Gfo; xsph;fpwJ> vd;gjpy; ve;j re;NjfKk; ,y;iy. Mjp rq;fuh; cWjpgl ,t;thW $Wfpwhh;. /] Vt: - ,g;gbahf

=khd; uhk: - ] Vt jh]ujP: /

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 106 -

,q;F gy];Ujp mgpg;uha: vd;fpw thh;jijapypUe;J vy;yhg; ; ghpkhzq;fspYk; tUfpwJ. ,ij Mjp rq;fuh; tpsf;Fk;NghJ mgpg;NuaNj ; =,uhkUila

GU\hh;jj ;

fhk;

~pgp:
jh;k>

vd;fpwhh;. fhk

fUzhflhl;rk;

mh;jj> ;

Nkh~q;fis ehk; miltjw;fhf KOik ngWfpwJ.

itjpfhehk;> ]hJ}ehk; GU\hh;jj ]hjeg;uhg;jp N`J : ;

vd;W Muk;gj;jpy;> =,uhkh; Kjd; Kiwahf ]jhk;fjp: vd;fpw thh;jijAld; Njhd;wpaij kPzLk; ,g;NghJ epidT ; ; $h;Nthkhf. ; ,g;gbahf> =,uhkiu GU\hh;jjq;fis ; gf;jh;fis miltjw;fhf tp\;Z mZFk;gb typAWj;Jk;

]`];uehkh g;hpahh;` mh;`: vd;W njhlh;eJ $wp> ek; ; ek;gpf;iff;Fk; md;Gf;Fk; cfe;jth; =,uhkh; vd;W cWjpglf; $WfpwJ. ,e;jf; fl;lj;jpd; filrp thh;jijfshd g;hpaf;Uj;> ;

g;hjp th;je: kpfr; rpwe;j =,uhkiu ekf;F milahsk; P

fhl;Lfpd;wd. jd;id ehb tUk; gf;jd;kJ P fUiz kionghoptNjhL epy;yhky; (g;hpaf;Uj; ) me;j gf;jdpd; md;G jd;idtpl;L mfyhky; ,Ug;gjw;fhfj; njhlh;eJ gf;jpia ; Cl;bf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk; nghWg;gpidAk; mth; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpwhh; (g;hjpth;je:). P NtWtpjkhfr; nrhd;dhy; =,uhkiu khh;flfpN]hud;aha: thf mila tpUk;gpdhy; me;j ,uhk gf;jd; khh;[yfpN]hud;aha = ,uhkhpd; ,jaj;jpNyNa jd;id tPwwpUf;fr; nra;Ak; nghWg;igAk; ; mtUilajhfNt Mf;fptpLfpwhd;. ,g;Ngh;g;gl;ltDf;F fpilf;Fk;? mNahj;jp? =,uhkhpd; ]uA jhprdk; vq;Nf

ejpf;fiu?

guj;th[hpd;
- 107 -

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

M];ukk;?tp`ha]fjp: ? vd;W tp\;Z]`];uehkh clNd nrhy;yptpLfpwJ. mtuJ ,lk;

`;Ujahfh]

vd;fpw

tp`ha]: mth; j;ahdfk;a: Md;kfk; nfhz;L nry;Yk; P ,ja G+h;tkhd vy;yh topfspYk; mtiuailayhk;. kpfTk; Rygkhf milaf; $batuhf mth; jd;id Mf;fpf; nfhs;fpwhh;. (]_yg: )

]h;tf;Q: ]h;tNjhKf: ]{yg : ]{t;Uj

(456)

(821 - 824)

vd;W tp\;Z ]`];uehkh nrhy;fpwJ. Mjp rq;fuh; ]{t;uj : = ,uhkiuj; jtpuNtwpy;iy vd;fpwhh;. mgakspf;Fk; epiyapy;>

]f;UNjt g;uge;eha jth];kjpr ahrNj / P mgak; ]ht G+Njg;Nah jjhkp ujj; tpujk; kk
(Y -18-34)

= ,uhkiu ehk; Njb miya Ntz;baNj ,y;iy. mth;

]h;tNjhKf : vq;Fk; epiwe;jpUf;fpwhh;. vy;yhg; ngUik

fNshLk; uka jPjp uhk : thf ]`];uehkhtpy; ehk; mtiur; re;jpf;fpNwhk;.

(x) ~pjP] : (991) ( G+kpia Ms;gtd;)

(9 + 9 + 1 = 19 ; 1 + 9 =10 ; 1 + 0 = 1) =,uhkh; ]`];uehkhtpy; ~pjP] : thf ,Wjpapy; Njhd;Wfpwhh;. Mjprq;fuh; nrhy;fpwhh;> N~j: G+Nk: <]: ~pjP]: j]ujhj; k[: / ,q;F uhkehkhtpd; itj; filrp gy];Ujp

ghgeh]e:/
,q;F

~pjP]:

njhlh;eJ ;

tUk;

nrhy;

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 108 -

gy];Ujpahtjhy;

ghgeh]e:

mgakspf;Fk;

trdkhf

ghgeh]e: tpypUe;J ]h;tg;u`uzhAj: tiu njhlh;fpwJ.

vdNt ,e;j ~pjP]: vd;Dk; nrhy; tp\;Z r`];uehkhtpd; rpfukhf mike;Jtpl;lJ. ,g;gbahf =,uhkh; f: fpk; vd;fpw thh;jijfspy; ; rpwpa Cw;whfj; njhlq;fp

~pjP]:

vd;fpw

rpfuj;ij

vl;btpLfpwhh;. ,Wjpahf tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy; =,uhkh; jhd; Kjd;ik ];jhdk; tfpj;J Ml;rp Ghpfpwhh; vd;fpw KbTf;F ehk; tUtjw;F VJthfg; gukrptd; ghh;tjpaplk; nrhy;Yk;> = uhk uhk uhNkjp uNkuhNk kNdhuNk /

]`];uehkjj;Jy;ak; uhkehk tuheNe //

vd;fpw ];Nyhfk; mike;J tpLfpwJ.

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 109 -

rpt :

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 110 -

9. rpt : (27 > 607)

gpugQ;rj;jpd; jiytd;> gpuk;kh> tp\;Z> rptdhf uh[] ]j;t jNkh Fzq;fNshL> Mf;fy;> fhj;jy;> mopj;jy; Mfpa %d;wpd; njhFjpahf nray;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;.

G+jf;Uj;> G+jg;Uj; gw;wp Mjprq;fuh; tpsf;Fk;NghJ nrhy;fpwhh;. uN[hFzk; M];hpj;a tphpk;rp&Ngz G+jhep fNuhjp G+jf;Uj; ; jNkhFzkh];jha Uj;uhj;keh G+jhep> f;Ue;jjp> f;UNzhjp> `pe];jjp G+jf;Uj; ; P ]j;tFzk; mjp\;lha G+jhep ghyajp> jhuajp> Ngh\ajp gpgh;jjPj th G+jg;Uj; / ;
,g;nghOJ tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy; rptd; ve;jj; Njhw;wj;jpy;> Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngw;Wg; gy;fpg; guTfpwhh; vd;W ghh;g;Nghk;. rptDldhd Kjy; re;jpg;G ]h;t: rh;t: rpt: ];jhZ :
(25-28)-tpYk;>

,uz;lhtJ mwpKfk; mepth;jjP ept;Ujhj;kh ;

]k;N~g;jh

N~kf;Uj;

rpt:

(603-607)

vd;Dkplj;jpYk;

epfo;fpwJ. ,g;nghOJ ehk; rptDld; njhlh;G nfhz;l

ept;Ujhj;khtpd;-ghy; ekJ ftdj;ijj; jpUg;gpdhy; rptD

ila Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij ,d;Dk; ed;whf czuKbAk;.

ept;Ujhj;kh ]k;tUj: ]k;gukh;je: ; ;

(779 - 782)-

Vw;fdNt
(230- 233)

Mth;jje: ;

ept;Ujhj;kh

thf ek;ikr; re;jpj;jpUf;fpwhh;.

mth; kPzLk; ]khth;jj: ept;Ujhj;kh Jh;[a: Jujpf;uk: ; ; thf ek;ikr; re;jpf;fg;Nghfpwhh;. ept;Ujhj;khTld;
- 111 -

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

njhlh;G nfhz;lth;fis mth; Fw;wkw;wth;fshf itj;jpUf; fpwhh; vd;gijAk; ftdpAq;fs;. ,q;F ]khth;jj: vd;gth; ; ehk; Vw;fdNt mwpe;jpUe;j Mth;je: itj;jtpu Ntwy;y. xUf;fhy; mth; jdf;nfjpuhd rf;jpfshy; jd;id ntd;W tpl Kbahjtuhf Mf;fpf;nfhs;s ( Jh;[a:) jd;idj; jhNd ghJfhj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; mzpe;J te;jpUf;fyhk;. nghUl;L ,d;DnkhU Nkyq;fpia

rptdpd; %d;W Njhw;wq;fs;

tp\;Z ]`];uehkh rptidg; gw;wpa tphpe;j tprhykhd mwpit ekf;Ff; nfhLf;fpwJ. mJ rptdpd; %d;W Njhw;wq;fisg; gw;wpAk; NgRfpwJ. 1. gpuk;kdhfpa rptd; 2. mopf;Fk; flTshfpa rptd; 3. kq;fskhfpa rptd;

1. gpuk;kdhfpa rptd;
gpugQ;rj;ij> rptrf;jp&gkhf epidg;gth;fs; rptidg; gpuk;kkhfTk;> tp\;Z rf;jpia ,aw;ifapd; FzhjPjd; tbtkhfTk; vd;W $wp fhz;fpwhh;fs; ( ]gu`;k: ] ]pt: - Mjprq;fuh;) ,f;fUj;ij ]`];uehkh rptidf; Mjhpf;fpwJ. FzhjPjd; vd;why; Rj;jkhd g;u`;kk;.ep];jiu ;

Fz;ajh ]{j;jj;thj;]pt: vd;fpwhh; Mjprq;fuh;. tp\;Z

]`];uehkhtpd; nkhopapy; ept;Ujhj;kh-jhd; FzhjPjd;. ,uz;lhtJ Kiwahf tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy; rptd; Njhd;Wk;NghJ ,e;j thh;jij tUfpwJ. ;

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 112 -

2. mopf;Fk; flTshfr; rptd;

eph;thff; fhuzq;fSf;fhf Kk;%h;jjpfSs; ; rptd; mopf;Fk; flTshfg; nghWg;Ngw;fpwhh;. vdNt >

]h;t: ]h;t: ]pt: ];jhZ:

vd;fpwJ tp\;Z ]`];uehkk;.

(];Uzhjp ]k;`hu]kNa ]k;`hjp ]k;`huajp ]fyh: g;u[h ,jp ]h;t: - Mjprq;fuh;)

mLj;J> rptDld; ,aq;Ffpw

ept;Ujhj;kh

Kjd;

Kiwahf tp\;Z ]`];uehk Nkilapy; Njhd;Wk;NghJ> Mth;je: ept;Ujhj;kh ]k;tUj: ]k;gukh;je: ; ; vd;fpw thpfspd; %yk; rptd; mopf;Fk; flTs; vd;fpw fUj;ij cWjp nra;fpwJ. ,q;F ]k;gukh;je : ,yf;fpa ; &gkhfTk;> cz;ikahfTk; rptdpd; Uj;u: vDk; Njhw;wj;jpd; vjpnuhypahfpwJ.

(]k;af; g;ukh;jajp Uj;ufhyhj;ahgp: tpG+jpgp: ,jp ]k;gukh;je: ; - Mjprq;fuh;)

Nfs;tp Nfl;L re;Njfq;fisg;Nghf;fpf; nfhs;Sk; gof;f Kila xU khztd; ]k;gukh;je: kw;wth;fshy; vspjpy; ; ghjpf;fg;glf;$bath;jhdh? vd;W Nfl;lhdhdhy;> tp\;Z ]`];uehkh %d;whtJ ,WjpKiwahf

ept;Ujhj;kh

Njhd;Wkplj;jpw;F mtid mioj;Jr; nrd;W mth; Jh;[a: vd;gijf; fhz;gpj;J tpLfpwJ.

]khth;jj: ept;Ujhj;kh Jh;[a: Jujpf;uk: / ;

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 113 -

3.

rptk; kq;fsk;

mopf;Fk; flTshfr; rptidr; nrhy;Yk;NghJ vijNah ,oe;Jtpl;lijg;Nghy; kdk; czh;fpwJ. rptk; kq;fskhdJek;ikj; Njk;gpj;Njk;gp moitg;gJ mtuJ cz;ikahd Fzky;y. vdNt> tp\;Z ]`];uehkh mLj;j jUzj;jpy;

]k;N~g;jh N~kf;Uj;]pt: / vd;W nrhy;yp tpLfpwJ. ]k;`hu

rkaj;jpy; rptDila gzpia epidTf;Ff; nfhz;LtUk; thh;jij ]k;N~g;jh. ;

( tp];jUjk; [fj; ]k;`hu ]kNa ]{~;k ; &Ngz ]k;~pgd; Mjprq;fuh;)

N~kf;Uj; > ehrj;ij (nusj;u:) cz;L gz;Zfpwhh;

vd;fpw epidit ePffp rptdpd; ,uf;f kdg;ghd;ikia ; epWTk; mLj;j thh;jij. ; mJ thh;jijj; ; vd;d khjphpahd = ,uf;fk;> vd;fpw vt;tsT vd;gjid rptDila mghpkpjkhf jiyg;Gld;> nghope;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ

njhlhpy;

=tj;]t~h: Nyhfj;uah];ua: /

=th]:

=gjp:

=kjhk;tu: =j:

=]: =epth]: =epjp: =tpghte: =ju: ];Nua: =khd;

vd;w thpfs; tUk;NghJ mwpe;J nfhs;fpNwhk;. ,q;Fjhd; =khd ,Wjpahf ehd;fhtJ Kiwahfj; ; Njhd;Wfpwhh;. tp\;Z ]`];uehkh ,e;j ,lj;jpy;jhd; rptDf;F =khd vd;fpw kFlj;ijr; R+l;b kfpo;fpwJ. ;

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 114 -

af;Q:
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 115 -

10. af;Q:
nea; Kjypa `tp];fis Gdpj mf;dpapy; M`{jp nra;J> ,aw;Wk; jpahf Nts;tpNa af;Qk; vd;wTld; Kjypy; ekf;F epidTf;F tUfpwJ. a[; vd;Dk; Nth;r; nrhy;ypypUe;J af;Q: tUfpwJ. a[; vd;why; flTshf epidj;J tzq;Fjy;. vdpDk; ,e;j Nth;rnrhy; tphpe;J ; gue;J gy;fpg;ngUFk; tpjkhf mike;jpUf;fpwJ. Mjprq;fuhpd; topfhl;Ljypy;> tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy;

af;Q: gw;wp ehk; tpthjpf;Fk;NghJ> cr;rfl;l ,Wjpg; gphpthd

af;Q F`;ak; vd;gJ ghh;gNghk;. af;Q ; af;Qj;ijg;gw;wp gw;wp mth; vd;d nrhy;fpwhh; vd;W vJTk; nrhy;tjpy;iy.

F`;ak; vd;Dk; thh;j;ijf;Fg; gpwF>

]`];uehkh

Vndd;why; af;Qj;ijg; gw;wpa ,Wjpthh;jij mJ. vdNt ;

af;Q: itg; gw;wpa ,Wjp tpsf;fk; af;Q F`;ak; vd;fpw

thh;jijapy; nrhy;yg;gl;L tpLfpwJ vd;W nfhs;syhk;. (982) ;

af;Q: tpd; kiwnghUs; Mjprq;fuh;>

af;Qh ehk; F`;ak; Qhdaf;Q:

gyhgp]k;jpu `pNjh th af;Q :

vd;W nrhy;fpwNghJ ntspg;gilahfp tpLfpwJ. gydpy; ,e;j gw;wpy;yhky; nra;Ak; ve;jf;fhhpaKk; af;Q: jhd;.

vz;zj;ij tphpTgLj;jpdhy; jh;kk; my;yJ Gz;zpa fhhpak; my;yJ Neh;ikNa af;Qk;> (Nts;tp) vdg;gLk;. Mjprq;fuhpd; jh;kk; jhd;af;Qk; vd;Dk; ,e;jf; fUj;J vt;tsT rhpahdJ> ]`];uehkhtpypUe;J ,e;jf; fUj;Jf;F cuk; Nrh;ffg;gl;ljh? ; my;yJ Ntnwq;fpUe;jhtJ ,e;jf; fUj;Jf;Fg; gyk; Nrh;ffg;gl;ljh vd;gij ,dp ghh;gNghk;. thrfh;fis NkYk; ; ;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 116 -

vjph;g;ghh;gGf;F ; tpLfpNwd;]`];uehkhtpy; mq;nfy;yhk;

cs;shf;fhky; ngUk;ghYk;

ehd; gw;wpr;

,g;NghNj

nrhy;yp tp\;Z vd;fpw

vq;nfy;yhk; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ

af;Q

nrhy;yg;gLfpwNjh

jh;kKk;

njhlh;G

cz;ikapypUe;Jjhd; Mjprq;fuh; ,e;j KbTf;F te;jhh; vd;gJ njs;sj; njspthfj; njhpfpwJ. ]`];uehkhtpy; ngUk;ghYk; xU thh;jijapd; ; nghUs;> mjDld; njhlh;Gs;s> gf;fypYs;s thh;jijfshy; ; my;yJ ]`];uehkhtpy; Ntnwq;fhtJ nrhy;yg;gl;l> mNj> my;yJ gLfpwJ epw;Fk;. mNj nghUSila ehk; xU thh;jijfshy;jhd; ; nfhs;tJ epWtg; vd;gij Ghpe;J mtrpak;.

vg;NghjhtJjhd;

thh;jij ;

jdpj;jd;ikAilajha;

(a)

t;U\h`P (257)
af;Q: tpd; Kf;aj;tj;NjhL ]`];uehkhtpy; ehk; fhZk;
Kjy; thh;jij t;U\h`P. Mjp rq;fuhpd; $w;Wg;gb t;U\h`P ; vd;gJ 12 ehl;fSf;Fj; njhlUk; xU af;Qk; -

t;UN\h jh;k: Gz;a: jNjt m`: j;tj]h`hjp: f;Uj: t;U\h`: ]: m];ah];jjp t;U\h`P - // P
,e;j thh;jijapd; mikg;ig ftdpg;gJ Kf;fpak;. t;U\: ; vd;why; jh;kk; vd;W mh;jjk;. m`: vd;why; flTshf ; epidj;J tzq;Fjy;. $l;lhf ,J jh;kj;ijf; flTshf epidj;J tzq;Fjiyf; Fwpf;fpwJ. m`: it xU ehSf;F vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhy;> jh;kj;jpd; topapNyNa vg;NghJk; nry;tijNa mJ Fwpf;fpwJ. ,q;F t;U\h`P: vd;Dk;

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 117 -

tbtpy; af;Q : Kjd;Kjypy; Njhd;Wk; NghJ mjDila mh;jjk; gf;fypYs;s thh;jijfspypUe;J fld;thq;fg; glhky; ; ; jdpahfNt epd;W njspthf;ff; $bajhf mike;jpUf;fpwJ. ]`];uehk Ntlj;jpy;> gpujhdkhf af;Qk;> Nkilapy; jh;kk; -

t;U\h`P
,ul;il af;Qj;jpd;

vd;fpw

khW -

vd;Dk;

Ntlj;jpy;

jh;kNtlj;jpy;

Njhw;wj;ij

Nehpilahfg; gjpT nra;jJ gP\khpd; ifNjh;ej ebg;ghw;wypd; ; ; Nguwpit ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ.

(b)

k`hkf: (440) (Nts;tp tbthdtd;)

]`];uehkhtpy; af;Q: itg;gw;wpa ,uz;lhtJ thh;jij ,J. vy;yh re;Njfq;fisAk; Nghf;Ftjw;fhfTk;> ; af;Qj;jpy; jh;kj;jpd; Kf;aj;tj;ij epiyepWj;Jtjw;fhfTk;>

(A+g)

nghUs;

kaf;fk;

Vw;gLk;tpjkhf

ntspg;gLk;

thh;jijfisj; jtph;ggjw;fhfTk;> af;Q: tpw;fhfg; NgRk; ; ;

k`hkf: Tf;F Kd;Ng jh;kA+g: te;JtpLfpwJ. A+g: af;Qj;jpd;

,d;wpaikahj jdpg;gl;l nrhj;J.

af;Q : tpy; jh;kj;jpw;F Kf;aj;Jtk; nfhLg;gjw;fhf

gP\kh; af;Qj;ij NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lk; milahsr; rpd;dkhf ; jh;kj;Jld; A+g : vd;fpw thh;jijiaf; Nrh;ffpwhh;. ,e;j ; ;

jh;kA+g : vd;fpw thh;jij gP\kh; fz;Lgpbj;j xUtpiy ; ; ;

kjpg;gw;w ehzak; (fhR) Ntjtpw;gd;dh;fspd; fUj;Jg;gb ,e;j thh;jij Ntjq;fspy; fhzg;gltpy;iy. jh;kj;jpw;Fk; ; af;Qj;jpw;Fk; jpUkzkhdNghJ ,e;j ehzaj;ij (fhir) tbj;J mij epidTg;ghprhf> mspj;jpUf;fpwhh;. ,jpy;

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 118 -

jh;kA+g : ehzaj;jpd; jiyg;gf;fk; k`hkf : gpd; gf;fk; ,e;j

ehzaj;jpd; Row;rp tp\;Z ]`];uehkhtpy; kl;LNk fhzf;fpilf;Fk;. jh;kk; vDk; fk;gj;jpy; fl;Lz;L epiyngw;wpUg;gNj kpfg;nghpa af;Qk; (k`hkf :)

(c)

af;Q ,[;Nah kN`[;a];r f;uJ: ]j;uk; (446 - 450)

tp\;Z ]`];u ehkhtpy; af;Qj;jpd; mLj;j Njhw;wk;

af;Q: ,[;a: kN`[;a];r f;uJ: ]j;uk;

vd;fpw E}ypioapy; Nfhh;ffg;gl;L jh;kj;jpd; nry;thf;Fld; ; $ba

]j;uk;

]jhk;fjp:

vd;fpw

thh;jijfSld; ;

Kbr;Rg;Nghl;Lf; nfhs;fpwJ. ,q;F af;Q: kw;Wk; jh;kj;Jld;> nghJr;nray; fhuzj;jpw;fhf ]j;uk; Njhd;WfpwJ vd;Dk; tp\ak; UrpfukhdJ vd;gijf; ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ]j;uk; vd;gJ fw;wwpe;jth;fs; xd;W $br; nra;Ak; xU tpjkhd Nts;tp.

(mg;aa

vd;Dk;

mj;jpahaj;ijg;

ghh;ffTk;) ;

ey;ytw;iwg; ghJfhg;gth; vd;Wk; ]j;uk; vd;fpw thh;jijf;Fg; ; nghUs; fhz;gh;.

(]j: j;uhaNj ,jp ]j;uk; - Mjprq;fuh;)

,g;nghOJ gP\khpd; gilg;gpYs;s mUe;jpwid ehk; ; fhzyhk;. Kjypy; jh;kKk;> af;QKk; jd; tYtpNyNa epw;gjw;fhd xUthh;jijia cUthf;fpdhh;. ,uz;lhtjhf ; jh;kj;ij af;Qj;jpd; fl;baf; Nfhyhf;fpdhh;. %d;whtjhf af;Qk; jh;kk; ,uz;ilAk; gw;wpg; NgRtjw;fhf xUthh;jijiaf; nfhz;Lte;jhh;. ;

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 119 -

(d) k`hf;UJ: k`ha[;th: k`haf;Q: k`h`tp:

(680 - 683)

k`haf;Q: tpw;F Mjprq;fuh; af;Qhdhk; [gaf;NQh];kp

(fPij 10-25)

vd;fpw fPijapd; thpfis Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;Lfpwhh;. (,q;F Mjprq;fuh;> gP\khpd;> vjph;tUk; thh;jijfshfpa ];jt;a: ; ;

];jtg;hpa: -];Njhjh
mwptpg;igg; ghuhl;L

vd;fpw thpfis Kd;Dzh;fpwhh;). Kfj;jhd;. gP\kh; ; ,q;F> Kd;Ng

,it =fpU\;zhpd; thh;jijfs;. fPijapy; =fpU\;zhpd; ; nrhd;dgbf;F> af;Q:tpd; Kf;aj;Jtj;ijg; ngw;Ws;s xU thh;jijfspd; $l;lj;ij itj;Jtpl;L ];jt;a: ];jtg;hpa: ;

];Njhj;uk; ];Jjp: ];Njhjh vd;fpw thh;jijfspd; nfhj;ij> ;

fPjhrhhpadpd; af;Qhehk; [gaf;; NQh];kp vd;Dk; thpfspd; ghuj;ijr; Rkf;Fk;tpjkhf mLj;jLj;J itj;Jf; nfhz;Nl Nghfpwhh;. NtNwhh; ,lj;jpy; mj;itj tiuapy; vd;Dk; xU jiyg;gpy;

];jt;a:

tpypUe;J

G+uapjh

nghJf;fUj;J

cUntLg;gJ gw;wpa tpsf;fk; tUfpwJ vd;gijAk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,e;jf; fUj;jpd; ,Wjpapy; jh;kj;ij ,wf;Fkjp nra;Ak; thh;jijfshf ;

Gz;a:

Gz;afPhj;jp: ;

mehka:

mfpatw;iwg; ghh;ffyhk;. t;U\h`piag; gw;wpg; NgrpaNghJ ; Gz;zpak;jhd; jh;kk; vd;gij Vw;fdNt Mjprq;fuhpd; t;U\:

jh;k:

Gz;ak;

vd;fpw

thpfis

Nkw;Nfhs;

fhl;bj;

njspthf;fpapUf;fpNwhk;.

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 120 -

(e)

`tp: (703)
t]{: t]{keh: `tp: ]j;fjp: ]j;fUjp: ;
t]{keh: Tf;Fk; ]j;fjpf;Fk; eLNt ,e;j thh;jij ;
Ntypahf mike;jpUf;fpwJ. gfthDf;Fg; gilayhf (`tp) my;yJ ieNtj;jpakhf nghpa Nkd;ikahd vz;zq;fNs mikfpd;wd vd;gij

t]{keh: nrhy;fpwJ. `tp: f;F

mLj;Js;s thh;jijfshd ]j;fjp: ]j;fUjp: Mfpait ; ; kPzLk; ew;gz;G ed;dlj;ij Mfpatw;iw typAWj;JfpwJ. ; NtW tpjkhfr; nrhy;tjhdhy; ngUe;jd;ikahd vz;zq;fSk; nray;fSNk gfthDf;F ieNtj;jpaq;fshf mikfpd;wd. ,g;nghOJ ehk; xU rq;fpyp Nghy; mike;Js;s jlj;jpy; nrd;W ghh;gNghk;. Ke;ija gphptpy; k`h`tp-jhd; ; filrp thh;jij. mLj;jLj;J itf;fg;gLk; thh;jijfspd; ; ; gphptpy; ]Njhj;uk;> ];Jjp: Mfpait

k`h`tp-f;fhf

epw;fpd;wd. ,dp af;Q : tpw;fhd mLj;j tpsf;fj;jpy;> Ke;ija

k`h`tp:

`tp : vd;Dk; cUtpy; NkYk; tpsf;fj;jpw;fhf

itf;fg;gLfpwJ. me;j tpsf;fk; t]{keh: ]j;fjp: ]j;fUjp: ; Mfpa %d;W thh;jijfshy; njhptpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,Wjpapy; ; ehk; fPo;f; fz;lthW mh;jjq;fis rkg;gLj;jyhk;. ; 1. k`h`tp: = ];Njhj;uk; + ];Jjp: 2. `tp: = t]{keh: + ]j;fjp: + ]j;fUjp: ; 3. k`h`tp: = `tp: 4. ];Njhj;uk; + ];Jjp = = t]{keh: + ]j;fjp: + ]j;fUjp. ;
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 121 -

,Wjpapy;

tp];Z]`];uehkk;

vd;d

nrhy;y

tUfpwnjd;why; ey;y vz;zq;fSk;> ey;y nray;fSNk ];Njhj;uk;> ];Jjpfshfp gfthid topgLk; Kiwfshfpd;wd. (f)

`{jgpf;; (803 - 889)

,g;nghOJ ehd; thrfh;fspd; KO <Lghl;ilAk; NfhUfpNwd;. Rw;W Vnddpy;> Kjypy; tpsf;fq;fs; Ntz;ba ehk; Js;sp nfhQ;rk; topahf> eil ePzljhf> Vd; rpukkhdjhff; $lj; Njhd;wyhk;. ,e;j top ; topahf> tprhhpj;Jr; tUk; nry;y jpUk;gj;jpUk;g topahf>

Nghl;Lr;nry;Yk; cw;rhf topahfnty;yhk; mikaf; $Lk;. MdhYk; ,e;j eilg;gapw;rp ed;ikaspf;ff; $bajhfj;jhd; ,Uf;Fk; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy.

`{jGf; tpG : `{jGf; Nghf;jh vd;fpw nghUs;

nghjpe;j thh;jijfSld; ; ,uz;L ,lq;fspy; `{jGf; Njhd;WfpwJ. ,e;j thh;jijfSld; ehk; tise;J tise;J ; nry;Yk; re;J nghe;Jfspd; topahf> ]`];uehkh fhl;Lk; topapy; gazpj;jhf Ntz;Lk;. tpG: vd;Dk; thh;jij ,q;F ; ,uz;lhtJ Kiwahfj; Njhd;WfpwJ. Kjy; Njhw;wk;

tp];tj;Uf; tp];tGf; tpG`{ vd;fpw nrhw;nwhlhpy; tUfpwJ

(241).

jd;Dld; njhlh;Gs;s cz;ikahd vz;zq;fis tpG: ,uz;lhtJ Kiwahfj;

,ay;ghfNt Rke;J tUfpwJ - mJ

Njhd;Wk;NghJ> Mjprq;fuh; tpG: it `puz;afh;ghjp&Ngz

tptpjk; gtjPjp tpG:

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

vd;W

tpsf;Ffpwhh;.

`puz;afh;g:
- 122 -

thfTk; kw;Wk;

,ju ];t&gq; fshfTk;> gfthd; kpfg;gy

cUtq;fisg; ngWfpwhh;. Ngh[dk; Nghf;jh(144-145)thfTk;>

]hPhp g+jg;Uj; Nghf;jh (501>502) thfTk; Nghf;jh ,jw;F Kd;

,UKiw Njhd;wpapUf;fpwhh;. ,g;nghOJ

`{jGf;-fpd;

cz;ikahd

Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij

mDkhdpg;gjw;F>

rpjwpf;fplf;Fk;> tp];tGf;tpG: Ngh[ek;Nghf;jh> ]hPhp G+jg;Uj;

Nghf;jh Mfpa ,e;j vy;yh thh;jijfisAk; jpul;b Muha ;

Ntz;bapUf;fpwJ. ,e;j xd;whf;fp tYg;gLj;jg;gl;l thp> jiyik jhq;Fk; thh;jijahd tp];tk;> i`];uehkhtpd; ; rhuj;ij vg;gb tp];tGf;fpy; Nrh;ffpwJ; tpG: tpd; NtWgl;l ; Njhw;wq;fisg; gfthd; vg;gb mDgtpf;fpwhh; vd;gij nay;yhk; tpthpf;fpwJ. Ngh[dk; Nghf;jhthf> ]hPhp G+jg;Uj;

Nghf;jh thf gfthdpd; mDgtk; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ.

kPzLk; utp: ahf fhw;iw tbf;fpwhh; : tpNuhre : thfr; ; Ritf;fpwhh;. njhlUk; `{jGf; tpG : mth; vg;gb tp];tGf; Mf kpfg;gy cUtq;fs; ngw;W mDgtpj;J kfpo;fpwhh; vd;gij tpthpf;fpwJ. `{jGf;Fld;> tp];tGf;if milahsk; fhz;gjw;fhfNt tpG: Tld; `{jGf;ifAk; Njhd;wr; nra;J Nghf;jhitAk; ,e;j ,uz;L ,lq;fspYk; cld; itj;jpUf;fpwhh;. ,e;j ,uz;L ,lq;fspYk; `{jGf; jd;idf; fhl;bf;nfhs;tjhy;> Nts;tpapd; gaid Efh;Nthh;> Nts;tpia vy;yh caphpdq;fspYk; Mj;k];t&gpahf ,Ue;J mDgtpg;Nghh; Mfpath;fspilNa ,e;jr; #lhd rh;rir ;

Fsph; epiyia milfpwJ. gP\kh; ,e;j ,lj;jpy; ]hPhp G+jg;Uj; ; Nghf;jhTld; `{jGf;ifr; rkkhf itg;gjhy;> rhjhuz
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 123 -

Nts;tpia

Mj;k

af;Q:

vd;fpw

NfhGuj;jpd;

cr;rpf;Nf

cah;jjp tpLfpwhh;. ; gP\kh; ]`];uehkhtpy; vq;nfq;nfy;yhk; miye;J ; jphpe;jhYk;> mth; vLj;Jf; nfhz;l Kf;fpa tp\ak; vd;fpw E}ypioahfpw Nfhh;it jUk; rh;rirapypUe;J ; ntspNa tUtNj ,y;iy. vdNt tpG : it gP\kh; ,e;j ehlfj;jpd; ; gpujhd ebfuhfj; Njh;e;njLj;J> jh;kj;jpd; ghuj;ijr; Rkf;f itj;J> ,e;j Neuj;jpy; af;Q: Tld; `{jGf;ifj; Jiz Nrh;ffpwhh;. ; jh;kj;ij gfthdhfpa tpG: Nkilapy; jdJ Kjy; Njhw;wj;ijj; njhlh;eJ ]j;fh;jjh ]j;fUjp: ]hJ: thfp ; ; ; epiyepWj;Jfpwhh;. (tp];tj;Uf;>

tp];tGf;

tpG:

]j;fh;jjh ]j;fUj : ]hJ: ) ; ;

(g)

af;Q : af;Qgjp : . af;QF`;ak;; (971-982)

,e;j kpf ePskhd> af;Qj;ijj; jOtpr; nry;Yk; ,Wjpg; gphptpy; Nghd;w

af;Q:itg;gw;wpa
fUg;nghUisg;

kiwe;jpUf;Fk; gw;wpa

(af;QF`;ak;) ntspf;

vz;zj;ij Mjprq;fuh; jd;Dila Iae;jphpG ,y;yhj eP&w;W tpsf;fj;jhy; nfhzh;fpwhh;. gydpy; gw;wpy;yhky; nra;Ak; fhhpak; af;Qj;jpd; gyidf; nfhLj;J tpLk;. (gyhgp]k; f;u`pNjh th af;Q : ) vd;gJ Mjprq;fuhpd; ,e;j cWjpahd epiyg;ghL. NkYk; jh;kj;jpd; ,e;jg;gphpT thh;jijfspD}Nl> ;

Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijr; nrhy;tjw;fhf gP\kuhy; cUthf;fg; gl;lJ. ;

]gpjh g;ugpjhk`: kw;Wk; md;dk; md;dhj : Mfpait

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

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,e;jg; gphptpd; milg;Gf; Fwpfshff; fUjg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Ke;ijaJ khj;U NjNthgt> gpj;U NjNthgt> Mr;rhh;a

NjNthgt

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gpe;ijaJ

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,it

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epiyj;jpUf;Fk; Ntjq;fspd; Kd;dwptpf;iffshFk;. (h)

]pgptp\;l : (274)
vLj;Jf;nfhz;l ,e;jf;fU thrfh;fspd; re;NjfNk tpkhprdq;fspypUe;J af;Qj;jpd; my;yJ ehd; tp\aj;Jld; jg;g KbahJ. mJ

]pgptp\;l : vg;gbg; nghUe;jp tUk; vd;W Nfl;ff; $ba

,y;yhky; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij

ngw;NwapUf;fpwJ (]pga: g]t: Nj\{ tp]jp g;ujp\;lhjp

af;Q&NgNzjp ]pgptp\;l:). Mdhy; Ngnuhspiaj; jUk;

kpfr;rpwe;j thh;j;ijfshd g;ufh]e: X[:

Nj[: j;Ajpju:

g;ufh]hj;kh g;uhjhge: thf ,e;j thh;jij fpistpLtjhy; ;

Mjprq;fuh; mspf;Fk; ]pgnas u];ka : Nj\{ eptp\;l ,jpth

]pgptp\;l : vd;fpw nrhw;nwhliu khw;whfg; gad;gLj;jp> ]pgptp\;l: itr; #hpa gfthDld; Nrh;jJ tplyhNkh vd;Wk; ;
Njhd;WfpwJ. kpf Nkyhd thh;jijahd g;ujhge: ; nraYf;F mq;ffhuk; mspf;fpwJ. P ,e;jr;

]tpj;uhjp tpG+jpgp: tp];tk; g;ujhgajp g;ujhge: Mjprq;fuh;. Nkw;fz;l thjj;jpw;F Kw;wpYk; Gwk;ghf ]pgptp\;l:

af;Q: tpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijj;jhd; epiy epWj;JfpwJ vd;W

ehd; nrhy;yNtz;Lnkd;why; g;ujhge: Tf;F mLj;jjhf
= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
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tUk; Uj;u: itf; nfhz;L te;J af;Q: tpy; jh;kj;ijf; fhz;gij tpLNtd;. epiyepWj;jp> ehd; vLj;Jf;nfhz;l tp\aj;jpypUe;J eOTfpNwd; vd;fpw tpkhprdj;ijj; jtph;jJ ;

jh;k ituhf;ahjpgp : cNgjj;thj; Uj;u : Mjprq;fuh;.

,g;gbahf tp\;Z i`];uehkhtpy; vq;nfq;nfy;yhk;

af;Q: tUfpwNjh mq;nfy;yhk; fz;zh%r;rpahb> Js;spf;

Fjpj;J tpisahbg; gpd; fisj;jhYk;> jh;kj;jpd; topia tpl;L mJ tpyFtNj ,y;iy.

gphpT

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nrhy; Neh;jjp ;
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tpthpf;fg; gl;bUf;fpwJ. (a) ,y; jh;kKk;> af;QKk; gpd;dpg;gpize;jpUf;fpd;wd.

(b) ,y; jh;kk; gphpfpwJ. (c) ,y; ,e;jg; gphpT KbtilfpwJ. (d) ,y; ,iz Nfhlhfr; nry;fpwJ (e) ,y; af;Q: ikag;nghUshfpwJ (f) ,y; jh;kk; kiwe;J ,q;F kq;Fkhf tputpf; fplf;fpwJ. ,Wjpg; gphpthd (g) ,y; fjfjg;ghfj; jh;kk; af;Qj;ij mizj;Jf; nfhs;fpwJ. af;Q: itg;gw;wp NgRk;NghJ $l gP\kh; xU xOq;fhd> ; Kiwahd topiag; gpd;gw;WtJ njhpfpwJ. af;Qitg;gw;wpa Kjy; njhFg;gpd; (c) Kjy; thh;jij ;

af;Q: filrp thh;jij f;uJ-thfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ. ;

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;
- 126 -

,uz;lhtJ njhFg;ghd (d),y; Kjy; njhFg;gpd; filrp thh;jijapypUe;J ; Muk;gpg;gijg; ,Wjp Nghy Kjy;thh;jij ;

k`hf;uJ-thfTk;
Njhd;Wfpd;wd.

th;jijahf ;

k`h`tp-Ak;

mLj;j tpsf;fkhd (e) ,y; Ke;ija njhFg;gpd; ,Wjp thh;jijahd k`h`tpapypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;l `tp: Kjy; ; thh;jijahfp ekJ ftdj;ij <h;ffpwJ. ; ; ,Jtiu tpthpf;fg;gl;l

af;Q:tpd;

,e;j

Ie;J

gphpTfspy; xd;W $l Nghf;j: tpd; Njhw;wj;ijf; Fwpg;gpl tpy;iy. `tp: apd; Nghf;jh ahh; vd;gJ ,e;jg;gphpTfspy; tpsf;fg;gltpy;iy. ,g;nghOJ gP\kh; ]`];uehkhtpd; me;jr; rpf;fyhd ; Rw;Wg;ghijapy; Eioe;J (f) ,q;Fkq;Fk; Njbaiye;J>

`;Ujaf;Fifapy; kiwe;jpUf;Fk; `{jGf;jhd; `tp: apd; Nghf;jh vd;gijf; fz;Lgpbj;J tpLfpwhh;. gP\khpd; ,e;j ; tpjkhd NjLjy;ghzpia itj;Jg; ghh;jjhy; ,e;jg; ; `{jGf; J}ttplg;gl;bUf;fpwJ my;yJ gphptpy;

fjk;gkhf(f)

,Uf;fpwJ. af;Q : itg;gw;wpa ,Wjpg;gphpT (g) kpfTk; ePskhdjhf> 12 thh;jijfs; nfhz;ljhf> ; J}tg;gl;l kyh;fspypUe;J njhLf;fg;gl;l KOg;ghpkhzkhf> jh;kj;jhy; KOikahfg; ghJfhf;fg;gl;ljhf> ; Kbthff; $wg;gl;l KOj; Njhw;wj;jpd; tbthf tpsq;FfpwJ.

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

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gpd; Fwpg;G :

af;Q: it ,e;j Ie;J gphpTfspYk; tpsf;Fk; nkhj;j

thh;jijfspd; vz;zpf;if 12. ; mNj Nghy ,e;jg; gphptpd; ,Wjp thh;jijfSk; ; 12-jhd;. 12 ehl;fs; eilngWk; Nts;tp (af;Q: ) apd; tbtkhf

af;Q:

itg;gw;wpa

Kjy;

thh;jijahd ;

t;U\h`PAk; epidT

mike;Jtpl;bUf;fpwJ $Wq;fs;. ml;ltiz 1 1. t;U\h`P 2. k`hkf : 3. af;Q: 4. ,[;a : 5. kN`[;a : 6. f;uJ : 7. k`hf;uJ : 8. k`ha[;th 9. k`haf;Q : 10. k`h`tp : 11. `tp : 12. `{jGf;

vd;gij

,j;jUzj;jpy;

ml;ltiz 2 1. af;Q: 2. af;Qgjp : 3. a[;th 4. af;Qhq;f : 5. af;Q th`e : 6. af;Qg;Uj; 7. af;Qf;Uj; 8. af;QP 9. af;QGf; 10. af;Q]hje : 11. af;Qhe;jf;Uj; 12. af;QF\;ak;

(Kjy; ghfk; epiwT)

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 128 -

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

- 129 -

E}yhrphpah; gw;wp. . . . .
tR= vd;fpw Dr. K.[dhh;jdd; Nfhit khtl;lk;> gy;ylj;jpy; kUj;Jtf;FLk;gj;jpy; 19.7.1939-k; Njjpapy; gpwe;jhh;. ngw;Nwhh;fs; je;ijahh; Dr.fpU\;zhuht;> jhahh; ehfkzp rk];f;Ujk;> ghl;L> ,ir kw;Wk; Md;kpf ,yf;fpaq;fspYk;; <LghL kpf;fth;fs;. jQ;ir kUj;Jtf;fy;Y}hpapy; lhf;lh; gl;lk; ngw;w ,th;> 1967-y; kJiu nts;sY}h; Muk;g Rfhjhu epiyaj;jpy; gzpahw;wp fpuhkg;Gw kf;fSf;F jdJ kUj;Jt Nritia njhlq;fpdhh;. jpUney;Ntyp kUj;Jtf;fy;Y}apy;> MrphpauhfTk;> njhw;WNeha; kUj;Jtj;jpy;

jpUr;rp ,uh[h[p fhrNeha; rhdpl;Nlhhpaj;jpy; rpwg;G kUj;JtuhfTk; gzpahw;wpdhh;. 1970-Kjy; NkhfD}h;> Nryk; $l;LwT rh;ffiu Miyapy; Miy ; kUj;Jt mjpfhhpahf gzpahw;wp Xa;T ngw;Wk;> Miy Copah;fspd; Ntz;LNfhis Vw;W njhlh;eJ Miy kUj;Jt MNyhrfuhf ; gzpGhpe;J tUfpwhh;. Miy rpj;jp tpehafh; Myaj;jpd; FlKOf;F tpohit jiyikNaw;W ntw;wpfukhf elj;jpdhh;. Miyapy; gzpGhpe;j fhyj;jpy; ,irf;FOit elj;jp te;j ,th;> ,e;jpa jpiug;glr; rq;fq;fspd; $l;likg;gpy; (Federation of Film Societies of India) ,izf;fg;ngw;w NkhfD}h; rpdp f;sg;ig (Mohanur Cine Club) 17 tUlq;fshf elj;jpaJld; mjd; mfpy ,e;jpa jpiug;gl rq;fq;fspd; khehl;il NkhfD}hpy; elj;jpdhh;. vOj;J> thrpj;jy;> nld;dp];> nghOJNghf;Ffs;. gftj;fijapd; P vspa ciuia mj;jpaha thpirapy; vOjp ntspapl;L tUfpwhh;. jd;dyk; fUjhJ Nrit Nehf;Fld; Xa;tpd;wp fle;j 44 Mz;Lfshf kUj;JNritia Xh; fh;kNahfkhfNt nra;JtUk; kpy; lhf;lh; vd;W kf;fshy; miof;fg;gLk; ,e;j 72taJ ,isQUf;F cw;w cWJizahf jpUkjp.Nfhkjp vd;fpw JiztpahUk;> tsh;gGf; Foe;ijfshf =jh; vd;fpw kfDk;> tRjh ; vd;fpw kfSk; cs;sdh;. cyfpy; ,d;Wk; Viovspa kf;fSf;F kpfkpff; Fiwe;j fl;lzj;jpy; kUj;Jt Nrit nra;J tUk; lhf;lh;fspy; xUtuhd ,th;> ,d;Wk; kUj;Jt rpfpr;irf;fhf tUk; kf;fis ,d;Kfj;Jld; tuNtw;Fk; epfo;it ehkf;fy; khtl;lk; NkhfD}hpy; te;jhy; ghh;ffyhk;. ;

= tp\;Z ]`];u ehkk;

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