Ta Muhammad Messenger of Allah

egpfs; ehafk; K`k;kj; (]y;)
Mf;fk;
fyhepjp
mg;Ju;u`;khd; gpd; mg;Jy; fuPk;
m\;\P`h
jkpopy;
m\;ug; i]a;Dy; Mg;jPd; (]`;tP)
ntspaPL
,];yhkpa miog;G epiyak;
ug;th – upahj;
‫);‪egpfs; ehafk; K`k;kj;(]y‬‬
‫حممد رسول اهلل ‪‬‬
‫تأيلف‬
‫ادلكتور عبد الرمحن بن عبد الكريم الشيحة‬
‫الرياض‪59565 -11535/‬‬
‫‪www.islamland.org‬‬
‫‪Email:alsheha@yahoo.com‬‬
‫ترمجة‬
‫أرشف زين العابدين‬
‫الناشر‬
‫المكتب التعاوني للدعوة واإلرشاد وتوعية الجاليات بالربوة‬
‫الرياض‬
‫‪2‬‬
egpfs; ehafk; K`k;kj;(]y;)
,iwtdpd; jpUg;ngauhy;
KfTiu:
epr;rakhf ehk; kdpj rKjhak; KOtjw;Fk;

,iwJ}Jtuhd K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfisg; gw;wp
NgRfpd;w NghJ> rkfhyj;jpYk; rup mjw;F Kd;
nrd;WNghd fhyq;fspYk; rup tuyhwwpe;j xU
kfj;jhd Kf;fpa];j;jiug; gw;wp NgRfpd;Nwhk;.
mtH gw;wpa ,f;fUj;J ntWkNd
vjpHghuhjtpjkhf Njhd;wpajy;y> Vnddpy; ahnuhUtH
mtUila tho;f;if tuyhw;iwg; gbj;J mtuJ
ew;Fzq;fis rPuhd tho;f;ifia mwpe;J NkYk;
kjntwp> jd;dpr;irg;Nghf;F Mfpatw;iw jd;;dplkpUe;J
fise;J mtuJ tho;f;if tuyhw;iw Nehf;FfpwhNuh
mtH ehk; Nkw;rn ; rhd;d mtH gw;wpa fUj;ij rhpnad
MNkhjpj;jtuhthH NkYk; K];ypky;yhj mNef
eLepiythjpfs; ,f;fUj;ij MNkhjpj;Js;sdH.
E}Uy; ,];yhk; vd;w rQ;rpifapy; `]d; myp

vd;w MrphpaH $Wk; NghJ : gpuhkz `pe;J ez;gH
xUtH jd;dplk; K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfisg; gw;wp
Fwpg;gpLk; NghJ ehd; ,];yhj;jpd; J}jiu cyfpNyNa
kfj;jhdnjhU kdpjuhfTk; xU rk;G+uzkpf;ftuhfTk;
fhz;fpNwd; vd;whH. mthplk; ePH ,t;thW $wf;
fhuznkd;d vd;W Nfl;ljw;f;F me;jg; gpuhkzH $wpa
gjpy;: Vnddpy; ehd; ,];yhj;jpd; J}jhplj;jpy;
gyjug;gl;l gz;GfisAk; ew;Fzq;fisAk; rpwe;j
ed;dlj;ijfisAk; fhz;fpNwd;. cyf tuyhw;wpNyNa
xNu rkaj;jpy; ,j;jifa gz;Gfs; xU kdpjhplj;jpy;
xd;W NrHe;jpUg;gij ehd; fz;ljpy;iy. cyfNk jd;
fhybapy; kz;bapl;Lf; fplf;Fk; xU muruhf
,Uf;fpwhH> jhd; tpUk;gpa tpjj;jpy; tplaq;fis
nray;gLj;j KbAk;. mtH ,e;epiyapYk; $l
3
kpfg;gzpthdtuhf mtH ve;j xd;wpYk; Mw;wy;

ngwhjtH NghYk;> vy;yh tpjkhd Mw;wy;fSk;
mtUila gilg;ghsd; my;yh`; xUtdplNk cz;L
vd;gjhff; fhz;fpwhH. NkYk; mtiu xU khngUk;
nry;te;juhf Nehf;FNthkhdhy;> ve;j msTf;nfdpy;
mtUila jiyefiu Nehf;fp xl;lfq;fs; Rkf;f
Kbahj RikfNshL f[hdhf;fis Rke;J te;J
NrHe;j tz;zkpUe;jd. Mdhy;> mtNuh
NjitAs;stuhfNt ,Ue;jhH. mtUila tPl;by;
gyehl;fs; czT rikg;gjw;F VJkpy;yhjjhy; mLg;G
%l;lg;glhkNy fple;jJ. gyehl;fs; gl;bdpNahL
,Ue;J tpLthHfs;. NkYk; ehk; mtiu kpfg;ngUk;
NghHj;jiytuhf Nehf;Fkplj;J> gyq;Fd;wpa
MAjq;fSlDk;> Fiwe;j vz;zpf;ifapyhd
gilapdUlDk; jiyikj; jhq;fpr; nrd;W
Mapuf;fzf;fhd NghHtPuHfisAk;> MAjgyk;
nghUe;jpa vjphpg;gilapdiu kpf Nkhrkhd
gLNjhy;tpailar; nra;Jtplf; $batuhfTk;> jk;NkhL
vjw;Fk; Jzpe;j> tPukpf;f Mapuf;fzf;fhd jk;
NjhoHfs; ,Uf;ff;$ba #o;epiyapYk; $l kd
mikjpNahLk;> vt;tpj kdf;Fog;gKk; ,y;yhky; J}a
vz;zj;NjhL rkhjhd xg;ge;jq;fspy; ifrhj;jplf;
$batuhf ,Ue;Js;shHfs;.
NkYk; mtiu vjw;Fk; mQ;rh tPuuhf ehk;

fhzyhk;. vjphpfspd; vz;zpf;ifiag; gw;wp ve;j tpj
mr;rKk; nfhs;shJ vjphpfs; Mapukhapuk; ,Ue;j
NghJk; jdpj;J epd;W jhf;Fg;gpbf;f ty;ytH.
,Ue;JktH ,sfpa kdk; nfhz;ltH> ,uf;f
rpe;ijahsH> kd;dpf;Fk; kdg;ghd;ik nfhz;ltH. xU
Jsp ,uj;jk; rpe;Jtij tpl;Lk; gj;jpakhdtH> NkYk;
mtH muG jPgfw;gj;ij gw;wpNa ehnshU NkdpAk;
nghOnjhU tz;zKk; rpe;jpf;ff;$batuhf fhzyhk;.
,Ug;gpDk; jk; tPl;L Ntiyfs;> kidtp> kf;fSf;F
4
nra;aNtz;ba flikfspy; vf;FiwAk; itf;fhjtuhf

,Ue;Js;shHfs;. mNj Nghd;W Vio vspatHfspd;
tplaj;jpYk; ftdk; nrYj;jpAk; te;Js;shHfs;. NkYk;
ahnuy;yhk; jk;ik gilj;jtid kwe;J mtidtpl;Lk;
jLj;Jf; nfhz;LkpUe;jhHfNsh mtHfis ftdj;jpy;
nfhz;L mtHfis rPH jpUj;Jtjpy; MHtk;
nfhz;ltuhfTk; ,Ue;Js;shHfs;.
Mf nkhj;jj;jpy;> mtH cyf tplaq;fs;

midj;jpYk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;ff;$ba xU
kdpjuhf tpsq;fpapUe;jhHfs;. ,Ue;j NghjpYk;
cyifj;Jwe;J> ,iwtid ehlf;$batuhf
,Ue;Js;shHfs;. mtHfs; cyfpNy tho;e;j NghJk;
mjpy; Nkhfkw;wtuhf ,Ue;Js;shHfs;. Vnddpy;
mtHfSila cs;sk; my;yh`;Tld;
njhlHGilajhfTk;> mtd; nghUe;jpf; nfhs;sf;$ba
tplaq;fspy; njhlHGilajhfTNk ,Ue;Js;sJ.
mtHfs; jkJ nrhe;j tplaq;fSf;fhf Ntz;b
ahiuAk; gop jPHj;jJ fpilahJ. mtHfs; jdJ
vjphpfSf;Ff; $l ed;ikiaNa tpUk;gpAs;shHfs;.
Mdhy; my;yh`;tpd; vjphpfis xU NghJk; kd;dpj;J
tpl;Ltpl khl;lhHfs;. NkYk; mtHfs;> my;yh`;tpd;
ghijia tpl;Lk; jLf;ff;$batHfis> vr;rhpj;j
tz;zKk;> NkYk; euf Ntjidia nfhz;Lk;
gpu];jhgpj;j tz;zKNk ,Ue;Js;shHfs;.
NkYk; mtHfis cyfg;gw;ww;wtuhfTk;>

,iwtzf;fj;jpy; <LghLilatuhfTNk fhzyhk;.
my;yh`;it epidT$Htjw;Fk;> mtdplj;jpy; jd;
tplaq;fis xg;Gtpg;gjw;Fk; ,utpy; epd;W
tzq;FthHfs;.
5
NkYk; mtHfSila tho;f;if tuyhw;iw

ePq;fs; kdf;fz;Kd;Nd Njhw;Wtpj;Jg; ghHj;jhy;>
mtHfis xU thnsLj;Jg; Nghhpl;l xU NghH
tPuuhfTk;> Xh; ,izaw;w ,iwj;J}juhfTk;>
ghJfhf;fg;gl;l egpahfTk;> ve;j msTf;nfdpy;> gyk;
nghUe;jpa gy r%fq;fisAk;> gy ehLfisAk;
ntw;wp nfhz;l epiyapy; mtHfis xU mugpfspd;
jiytH vd;Nwh> muG ehl;bd; mjpgjp vd;Nwh
miof;f vk; cs;sj;jpy; Njhd;Wk;>mNj rkak;
mtHfs; xU rhjhuz miwapy; <r;r ku Xiyfspdhy;
nea;ag;gl;l gha;kPJ gLj;J> jdJ jiyaizahf
rUFfs; nfhz;L jahhpf;fg;gl;l
; xU nghjpia itj;J
cwq;ff; $batHfshfNt ,Ue;Js;shHfs;.
NkYk; muG Njrj;jpd; ehyh Gwq;fspypUe;Jk;

nry;tq;fSk;> nghUl;fSk; mtHfis Nehf;fp te;j
tz;zKk; mitfs; mtHfsJ gs;sp thapypd;
Kw;wj;jpy; kiyg; Nghy; Ftpe;Jk; fplf;fpd;w
epiyapYk; $l> mtHfsJ kidtp> kf;fs;>
FLk;gj;jpdH midtUk; tWikapYk;> Vo;ikapYk;>
f\;lj;jpYk; cod;W nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;.
xU ehs;;> egp K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfs;> Nghhpy;

gpbgl;l ifjpfis K];ypk;fSf;F kj;jpapy; gq;F
Nghl;Lf; nfhLj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; Ntis> jdJ
mUik Gjy;tpahH /ghj;jpkh (uyp) ehafpatHfs;>
jkJ je;ijahH egpfshhplk;> jkJ Ntiyg;gSit
vy;yhk; vLj;Jf;$wp jkf;Fk; xU mbikg; ngz;iz
tPl;Lg;gzpf;fhf Nfhhpa NghJ> jdJ kfSf;F mUik
egp (]y;) mtHfs; gzpg; ngz;Zf;Fg; gjpyhf rpy
jpf;Ufisr; nrhy;ypf;nfhLj;J> mitfis ,uT
gLf;iff;Fr; nry;YKd; Xjp tpl;Lg; gLf;Fk; gbAk;
mitfs; gzpg;ngz;iz tplTk; rpwe;jnjd;W
6
nrhy;ypAk;> jdJ kfis ntWk; ifNahL jpUg;gp

mDg;gpitj;jhHfs;;.
xU ehs;;> K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfspd;

mUikj;NjhoH> ckH (uyp) mtHfs; mz;zyhH (]y;)
mtHfsplj;jpy; te;jhHfs;. mtHfs; FbapUf;Fk;
vspikahd me;j miwapDs; jdJ ghHitia
nrYj;jpdhHfs;> mt;tiwapDs; u]_y; (]y;) mtHfs;
gLj;Jwq;Fk; <r;r Xiyahy; gpd;dg;gl;l xU ghAk;>
xU ghidapDs; rpwpJ NfhJikAk;> mjw;F
mUfhikapy; xU J}zpy; jz;zPH ignahd;Wk;
khj;jpuNk njhq;fpf;nfhz;bUe;jJ. muG Njrj;jpd;
miuthrpf;F Nky; mtHfSf;F mbgzpe;jpUe;j
Ntis mtHfSf;nfd;W nrhe;jkhapUe;jitfs;
mitfs; khj;jpuNk. ,j;jifa epiyapy; cyfpw;F
mUshf mDg;gg;gl;Ls;s ,iwtdpd; ,Wjpj;J}jH
,Ug;gijf; fz;l ckH (uyp) mtHfshy;
nghWj;Jf;nfhs;s Kbahky; mOJtpl;lhHfs;. ,jid
fz;Zw;w egp (]y;) mtHfs;> ckNu Vd;
mOfpwPHfs;? vd;whHfs;. ehd; mohky; vd;d nra;a
KbAk;? Nuhk;> ghurPf kd;dHfnsy;yhk; cyf
Rfq;fis mDgtpf; fpd;whHfs;> mjd; ,d;gq;fspy;
%o;fpf;; fplf;fpwhHfs;. Mdhy;> my;yh`;tpd; J}jNuh
VJkw;wtHfshf ,Uf;fpwPHfNs vd;whHfs;. ckiu
Nehf;fp egp (]y;) mtHfs; ckNu Nuhk;> ghurPf
kd;dHfSf;F cyf tho;f;ifapd; ,d;gKk;>
vq;fSf;F KOikahf kWcyf tho;f;ifapy; RtHf;f
,d;gKk; fpilf;ftpUg;gij ePH
nghUe;jpf;nfhs;stpy;iyah? vd;W MWjy; $wpdhHfs;.
egp (]y;) mtHfs; kf;fhit ntw;wp

nfhs;tjw;fhf jkJ gilia jpul;bf;nfhz;L te;J
nfhz;bUe;j NghJ> mG+]{g;ahd; mg;gh]; (uyp)
mtHfspd; xl;lfj;jpd; gpd;dhy;; mkHe;jpUe;jhHfs;.
7
mtHfs; ,UtUk; ,f;fhl;rpia ghHj;j

tz;zkpUe;jhHfs;. mG+]{g;ahNdh jdJ gioa
khHf;fj;jpNyNa ,e;j epkplk; tiu ,Ue;J
nfhz;bUf;fpwhH> kf;fhit Nehf;fp ,tHfs; nry;tij
vtuhYk; jLf;f Kbahj msTf;F ngUk; $l;lkhf
gilg;gyj;NjhL te;J nfhz;bUg;gij fz;l NghJ>
jdJ ez;gH mg;gh]; (uyp)ia Nehf;fp mG+ ]{g;ahd;
$WfpwhH. cdJ rNfhjudpd; kfd; khngUk;
Ml;rpahsuhf Mfptpl;lhNu vd;W. mjw;F mg;gh];
(uyp) mG+]{g;ahNd! Ml;rpNah> mjpfhuNkh ,J
vJTNk ,y;iy> mJ J}Jj;JtKk; egpj;JtKkhFk;
vd;whH.
mjP mj;jhaP: ,tH nfhilf;Fk;>

tpUe;Njhk;gYf;Fk; ngaH Nghd cjhuzg; GU\uhd
`hjk; mj;jhaP mtHfspd; Gjy;tuhthH. ,tH jhaP
Fyj;jthpd; jiytuhf ,Ue;jhH. ,tH fpU];Jt
khHf;fj;jtuhthH. xU rkak; mtH egp (]y;)
mtHfspd; rigf;F r%fkspj;jhH. mg;NghJ mthpd;
NjhoHfs; egp (]y;) mtHfis MAjk;
jhq;fpatHfshfTk;> nka;g; ghJfhtyHfshfTkpUe;J
fz;zpag;gLj;JtijAk;> khpahij nra;tijAk; fz;L>
,tH ,iwj;J}juh my;yJ xU Fbaurpd; jiytuh?
vd;w Fog;gk; mtUf;F Vw;gl;lJ. mtH
,f;Fog;gj;jpypUe;J tpLgLtjw;F Kd; kjPdh efhpd;
xJf;Fg;Gwkhf ,Ue;J xU mbikg; ngz;; egpfshhpd;
jpUr;r%fk; te;J ,iwtdpd; J}jutHfNs! cq;fis
xU Njitf;fhf mDg;g tpUk;GfpNwd; vd;whHfs;. egp
(]y;) mg;ngz;kzpaplk;> Mk; kjPdhtpy; ve;jg;
gFjpahdhYk; rhp ehd; cq;fNshL te;J cq;fs;
Njitia epiwNtw;wpj; jUfpNwd; vd;W nrhy;yp>
mt;tbikg; ngz;kzpNahL nrd;W mthpd; Njitia
nra;J nfhLj;Jtpl;L jpUk;gp te;jhHfs; khegp (]y;)
mtHfs;. egp (]y;) mtHfspd; ,g;gzpthd epiyiaf;
8
fz;L mjP mj;jhaP mtHfSf;F rj;jpak; njspthdJ>

cz;ik cjp;j;jJ. epr;rakhf ,tH nfhz;Lte;Js;s
khHf;fk; ,iwtdplkpUe;J te;Js;sjhFnkd;W
cWjpahf ek;gp> gpd;G jhd; mzpe;jpUe;j rpYitia
fow;wp vwpe;J tpl;L ,];yhj;jpy; jd;id ,izj;Jf;
nfhz;lhH.
K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfisg; gw;wp>

K];ypky;yhj Ma;thsHfspd; rpy fUj;Jf;fis
,e;E}ypd; gpw;gFjpapy; ehk; Fwpg;gplTs;Nshk;. ehk;
K];ypk;fs; egp(]y;) mtHfspd; J}Jj;Jtj;ij>
egpj;Jtj;ij G+uzkhf ek;gp <khd; nfhz;Ls;Nshk;.
egp (]y;) mtHfis gw;wpa khw;whHfspd; fUj;Jfspd;
gf;fk; Njitaw;wtHfshf ehk; ,Ue;j NghJk;>
mtHfSila fUj;Jfis Fwpg;gpLtjw;F ,uz;L
fhuzq;fs; cs;sd:-
Kjw;fhuzk;: K];ypky;yhj ,];yhk; gw;wpa
Ma;thsHfspd; rpy fUj;Jfis ehk; Fwpg;gpLtjpd;
%yk; ngaustpy; khj;jpuNk ,];yhj;ij njhpe;J
itj;Js;s rpy K];ypk;fs;> mitfis
thrpg;gjw;fhfTk;> jkJ egpiag; gw;wp>
NeHtopfhl;biagw;wp K];ypky;yhjtHfs; vd;d
$wpAs;shHfs; vd;gij ek;ktHfs; mwpe;J egp (]y;)
mtHfis gpd;gw;whky;> jkJ tho;f;ifapy;
Kd;khjphpahf vLj;J elf;fhky; ,Ue;J tpl;lij
czHe;J> jkJ khHf;fj;jpd; gf;fk; cz;ikahf
jpUk;gptpLtjw;F xU Muk;gkhf ,Ug;gjw;fhf.
,uz;lhk; fhuzk;: K];ypky;yhj ,];yhk;

gw;wpa Ma;thsHfspd; fUj;Jf;fis ehk;
Fwpg;gpLtjpd; Nehf;fk;
vd;dntdpy;>K];ypky;yhjtHfs; mtHfspd;
r%fj;ijr; NrHe;j> mNj ghi\ia Ngrf;$batHfs;
ekJ egpiag; gw;wp vd;d $wpapUf;fpwhHfs; vd;gjid
9
thrpg;gjd; %yk; ,e;j egp (]y;) mtHfs; gw;wpa

cz;ik epiyia mwpe;J tpsq;fpf;nfhs;tjw;Fk;>
,jd; %yk; mtHfs; ,];yhj;jpd; gf;fk;
jpUk;Gtjw;Fk;> ,e;j kfj;jhd ,];yhk; khHf;fj;ijg;
gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;F xU Muk;gkhf
,Ug;gjw;fhf.
mtHfsplk; vd;Dila gzpthd Ntz;LNfhs;;

ahnjdpy;: jkJ RaGj;jpia mlF itj;Jtpl;L> gpwH
Gj;jpiaf;nfhz;L rpe;jpf;fhkYk;> kjthjj;ij tpl;L
eLepiyahf rpe;jpg;gjd; %yKk; jtwhd
ghijapypUe;J> Neuhd ghijiaAk;> ngha; vJ?
cz;ik vJ? vd;gijAk; Muha;e;J tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s
Kay Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj.
,J Nghd;wtHfSf;F vd;Dila gpuhHj;jid

vd;dntdpy;> cz;ikapd; gf;fk; my;yh`; mtHfis
topfhl;b> mtHfspd; cs;sj;ijAk; jpwe;J> Neuhd
topapd; gf;fk; nrYj;Jthdhf!
10
ahH me;j ,iwj;J}jH K`k;kj; (]y;)?

Fyk;:
mtH mGy;fh]Pk; (fh]Pkpd; je;ij) vd;W
miof;fg;glf;$ba mg;Jy;yhtpd; kfd; K`k;kj;
(]y;) MthHfs;> mtHfspd; ghl;ldhH ngaH mg;Jy;
Kj;jypg;;. mtHfspd; Fyj; njhlH egp ,g;wh`Pk;
(miy) mtHfspd; kfd; egp ,];khaPy; (miy)>
mth;fspd; topj;Njhd;wypy; te;j mj;dhidr;
nrd;wilfpd;wJ. mtHfspd; jhahH t`;gpd; kfshH
MkpdhthFk;. mtHfspd; Fyj;njhlUk; egp ,g;wh`Pk;
(miy) mtHfspd; kfd; egp ,];khaPy; (miy)
mth;fspd; topj;Njhd;wypy; te;j mj;ehidr;
nrd;wilfpd;wJ.
,Jgw;wp egp (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;:

epr;rakhf my;yh`; ,];khaPy; (miy) mtHfspd;
kfdpypUe;J fpdhdh tk;rj;ij NjHe;njLj;jhd;> gpd;
fpdhdh tk;rj;jpypUe;J Fiu\p tk;rj;ijj;
NjHe;njLj;jhd;> gpd; Fiu\p tk;rj;jpypUe;J gD}
`h\pk; tk;rj;ijj; NjHe;njLj;jhd;> gpd; vd;id gD}
`h\pk; tk;rj;jpypUe;J NjHe;njLj;jhd; vd;whHfs;.
,jd; %yk; egp (]y;) mtHfs; G+kpapy;

Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l tk;rq;fspNsNa rpwe;j
tk;rj;ijAilatuhthHfs;. ,J gw;wp mtHfspd;
vjphpfNs rhl;rp toq;fpAs;shHfs;. mG+ ]{g;ahd;> ,tH
jhd; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F Kd;dH> egp
(]y;) mtHfspd; kpfg;ngUk; vjphpahf ,Ue;jtH. ,tH
,J gw;wp NuhkhGhpapd; khkd;dhplj;jpy; gpd;tUkhW
rhl;rpak; toq;FfpwhH:
11
mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D mg;gh]; (uyp)

mwptpf;fpwhHfs;. egp (]y;) mtHfs; NuhkhGhpapd;
kd;dH `pufYf;F ,];yhj;jpd; gf;fk; tu miog;G
tpLj;J> xU fbjj;ijAk; vOjp> mjid jp`;ajy;
fy;gP vd;w egpj;NjhoH ifapy; nfhLj;J> ,jid
g];uhtpd; Ml;rpahsH %ykhf NuhkhGhp kd;dhplk;
rkHg;gpf;FkhW nfhLj;jDg;gp itf;fpwhHfs;. mJrkak;
NuhkhGhp kd;dH ghurPfg; gilapdhplkpUe;J jkJ
ehl;il fhg;ghw;wpajw;fhf ghy];jPdj;jpYs;s igj;Jy;
Kfj;j]; gs;spthriy jhprpg;gjw;fhf nrd;wpUe;jhH.
,j;jUzj;jpy; egp (]y;) mtHfspd; fbjk; `pufiy
te;jile;jNghJ mjidg; gbj;j gpd;dH> ,q;F mtuJ
$l;lk;> FLk;gj;ij NrHe;j ahuhtJ ,Uf;fpwhHfsh?
vd;W Njbg;ghHj;J vd;dplk; mioj;J thUq;fs;.
mt;tpiwj;J}jiug;gw;wp ehd; tprhhpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W
xUtiu mDg;gpitj;jhH.
,Jgw;wp ,g;D mg;gh]; (uyp) $wpajhtJ: mG+
]{g;ahd; vd;dplj;jpy; gpd;tUkhW mwptpj;jhH:
Fiu\pfspy; rpyH xl;lfq;fspy; tpahghhpfshf rphpah
ehl;bw;F NghapUe;jhHfs;. mf;Fiu\p
tzpff;$l;lj;jpy; xUtuhf nrd;wpUe;j mG+
]{g;ahid> n`HFsp]; (NuhkhGhp kd;dH) igj;Jy;
Kfj;j]; Myaj;jpy; Kfhkpl;bUe;j jk;kplk; mioj;J
tUk;gb J}jiu mDg;gpdhH. mj;J}jHfs; mG+
]{g;ahdplk; te;J NrHe;jhHfs;. NuhkhGhpapd; murg;
gpujpepjpfs; #o mkHjpUf;Fk; jkJ mitf;F
mtHfis mioj;jpUe;jhH> kd;dH jkJ nkhop
ngaHg;ghsiuAk; mioj;J tur; nrhd;dhH.
mG+ ]{g;ahd; ,J Fwpj;Jf; $Wk; NghJ:

(vq;fsplk;) kd;dH jk;ik ,iwtdpd; jpUj;J}jH vd;W
fUjpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; mk;kdpjUf;F> vq;fspy; kpf
neUq;fpa cwtpdH ahH? vdf; Nfl;lhH. ehNd
mtUf;F kpf neUq;fpa cwtpdH vdf;$wpNdd;.
12
clNd kd;dH (jk; mjpfhhpaplk;) mtiu vd; mUNf

mioj;J thUq;fs; mtUld; te;jpUg;gtHfisAk; vd;
gf;fj;jpy; nfhz;L te;J mtUf;Fg; gpd;dhy;
epWj;Jq;fs;? vd;W Mizapl;lhH. gpd;dH jkJ nkhop
ngaHg;ghshplk; ehd; me;j kdpjiug; gw;wp (mG+
]{g;ahdhfpa) ,thplk; Nfl;Ngd;> ,tH vd;dplk;
ngha;Aiuj;jhy; mij vd;dplk; $wp tplNtz;Lk;
vd;W mtUld; te;jpUg;gtHfsplk; nkhopngaHj;Jr;
nrhy; vd Mizapl;lhH. ehd; ngha; $wpajhf
,tHfs; nrhy;yp tpLthHfNsh vd;w mr;rk; khj;jpuk;
mg;NghJ vdf;F ,y;iy vd;why;> ,iwtd; kPJ
Mizahf egp (]y;) mtHfisg; gw;wpg;
ngha;Aiuj;jpUg;Ngd;.
gpwF> kd;dH vd;dplk; Nfl;l Kjy; Nfs;tp>

cq;fspy; mtuJ Fyk; vj;jifaJ? mjw;F ehd;>
mtH vq;fspy; rpwe;j Fyj;ijr; rhHe;jtH vd;Nwd;>
,tUf;F Kd;dH cq;fspy; ahNuDk;> vg;NghjhtJ
,e;j thjj;ij nra;jJz;lh? vd;W Nfl;lhH. ,y;iy
vd;Nwd;> ,tuJ Kd;NdhHfspy; ahuhtJ kd;dHfshf
,Ue;jpUf;fpd;whHfsh? vd;whH> ,y;iy vd;Nwd;.
mtiug; gpd;gw;WNthH> kf;fspy; rpwg;G tha;e;jtHfsh?
my;yJ rhkhdpaHfsh? vd;whH> kf;fspy; rhkhdpaHfs;
jhd; vd;Nwd;> mtiug; gpd;gw;WNthH
mjpfhpf;fpd;wduh? my;yJ Fiwfpd;wduh? vd;W
tpdtpdhH. mjpfhpf;fpd;wdH vd;Nwd; ehd;.
gpd;> ahNuDk; kjk; khwpapUf;fpd;wduh? vd;W

Nfl;lhH> ehd; ,y;iy vd;Nwd;> mtH ,t;thW
thjpg;gjw;F Kd;> mtH ngha; nrhy;yf; $batH vd;W
vg;NghjhtJ ePq;fs; re;Njfpj;jJz;lh? vd;whH> ehd;
,y;iy vd;Nwd;. ,tH thf;F kPwp ele;jJz;lh?
vd;whH ehd; ,y;iynad;W nrhy;yptpl;L ehq;fs;
,g;NghJ mtUld; XH cld;gbf;if nra;Js;Nshk;>
13
mjpy; mtH vg;gb ele;J nfhs;sg; NghfpwhH vd;W

vq;fSf;Fj; njhpahJ vd;Nwd;> mg;Nghijf;F egp
(]y;) kPJ Fiw fw;gpf;f me;j thHj;ijia tpl;lhy;
NtW ve;j thHj;ijiaAk; vdJ gjpypy; Eioj;jpl
vdf;F tha;g;gpy;iy. mtUld; ePq;fs; NghH
Ghpe;jpUf;fpwPHfsh? vd;W Nfl;lhH Mk; vd;Nwd;>
mtUld; ePq;fs; elj;jpa Nghhpd; KbTfs;
vt;thwpUe;jd? vd;whH> vq;fSf;Fk; mtUf;FkpilNa
ntw;wpAk;> Njhy;tpAk; khwp khwp te;jpUf;fpd;wd. rpy
rkak; mtH vq;fis ntd;wpUf;fpwhH> rpy rkak;
ehq;fs; mtiu ntd;wpUf;fpNwhk; vd;Nwd;. mtH
cq;fSf;F vd;djhd; Nghjpf;fpwhH? vd;W Nfl;lhH>
my;yh`; xUtid tzq;Fq;fs;> mtDf;F vjidAk;
,izahf;fhjPHfs;> cq;fs; Kd;NdhHfs; $wp
te;jtw;iwnay;yhk; tpl;LtpLq;fs; vd;fpwhH. njhOif>
cz;ik> fw;G newp> cwtpdHfSld; ,zq;fp
,Uj;jy; Nghd;w gz;Gfis vq;fSf;F VTfpwhH
vd;Nwd;.
kd;dH jdJ nkhop ngaHg;ghshplk; nkhop

ngaHf;fr; nrhd;djhtJ: mtuJ Fyj;ijg;gw;wp
ck;kplk; tprhhpj;Njd;> mjw;F ePH cq;fspy; mtH
caH Fyj;ijr; NrHe;jtHjhk; vd;W Fwpg;gpl;BH> vy;yh
,iwj;J}jHfSk; mg;gbj;jhd; mtHfspd;
r%fj;jpYs;s caH Fyj;jpy; ,Ue;Jjhd;
mDg;gg;gl;Ls;shHfs;. cq;fspy; ahNuDk; ,e;j
thjj;ij ,jw;F Kd; nra;jJz;lh? vd;W Nfl;Nld;>
mjw;F ePH ,y;iynad;W Fwpg;gpl;BH> mtUf;F Kd;dH
ahNuDk; ,t;thjj;ijr; nra;jpUe;jhy; Kd;dH
nra;ag;gl;L te;j xU thjj;ij gpd;gw;wpj;jhd; ,tUk;
nra;fpwhH vd;W ehd; $wpapUg;Ngd;. ,tuJ
Kd;NdhHfspy; ahNuDk; kd;duhf ,Ue;jpUf;fpwhHfsh
vd;W ck;kplk; ehd; Nfl;l NghJ ,y;iynad;W
nrhd;dPH> ,tuJ Kd;NdhHfspd; Ml;rpia mila
14
tpUk;Gk; xU kdpjH ,tH vd;W nrhy;yp ,Ug;Ngd;>

,t;thjj;ijr; nra;tjw;F Kd; mtH ngha;
nrhy;tjhf ePq;fs; mtiur; re;Njfpj;jJz;lh? vd;W
ck;kplk; Nfl;Nld;> mjw;F ePH ,y;iy vd;W
Fwpg;gpl;BH> kf;fs; kPJ ngha; nrhy;yj; Jzpahj
xUtH> ,iwtd; kPJ ngha;Aiuf;fj; Jzpa khl;lhH
vd;Nw ehd; cWjpahf ek;GfpNwd;.
kf;fspy; rpwg;G tha;e;jtHfs; mtiug;

gpd;gw;Wfpd;wduh? my;yJ rhkhdpaHfsh? vd;W
Nfl;Nld; rkhdpa kf;fs;jhk; mtiug; gpd;gw;Wfpd;wdH
vd;W Fwpg;gpl;BH mg;gbg;gl;ltHfs; jhk; Jtf;fj;jpy;
,iwj;J}jHfis gpd;gw;wf;$batHfshf ,Ue;jpUf;
fpd;whHfs;> mtiu gpd;gw;Wfpd;wtHfs; mjpfhpf;
fpd;wduh? my;yJ Fiwfpd;wduh? vd;Wk; ck;kplk;
Nfl;Nld;> mtHfs; mjpfhpf;fr; nra;fpd;wdH vd;W
Fwpg;gpl;BH> ,iw ek;gpf;if epiwT ngUk; tiu
mg;gbj;jhd; (tsHe;J nfhz;Nl) ,Uf;Fk;> mtuJ
khHf;fj;jpy; Eioe;j gpd;dH ahNuDk; mk;khHf;j;jpd;
kPJ mjpUg;jpaile;J kjk; khwp ,Uf;fpd;wduh? vd;W
ck;kplk; Nfl;Nld;> ,y;iy vd;W Fwpg;gpl;BH.
mg;gbj;jhd; ,jaj;jpy; Eioe;J tpl;l ,iw
ek;gpf;ifapd; vopy; (cWjpahdJ). mtH
(vg;NghNjDk;) thf;F kPwpaJz;lh? vd ck;kplk; ehd;
Nfl;lNghJ> ,y;iy vd;wPH. ,iwtdpd; ,iwj;J}jHfs;
mg;gbj;jhd; thf;F kPw khl;lhHfs;> mtH vij
cq;fSf;F fl;lisapLfpwhH? vd;W ck;kplk;
Nfl;Nld;> my;yh`;itNa tzq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;>
mtDf;F vjidAk; ,izahf;ff; $lhnjd;Wk;>
cq;fSf;F mtH VTtjhfTk;> rpiy
tzf;fq;fspypUe;J mtH cq;fisj; jLg;gjhfTk;>
njhOif> cz;ik> fw;Gnewp Mfpatw;iw cq;fSf;F
mtH VTtjhfTk; ePH $wpdPH. ePH nrhy;ypaJ
midj;Jk; cz;ikahdhy;> xU fhyj;jpy; vdJ ,U
15
ghjq;fSf;Ff;; fPOs;s ,e;j ,lj;ijAk; mtH

MSthH. ,g;gbg;gl;l Xh; ,iwj;J}jH (ntF tpiutpy;)
Njhd;WthH vd;W ehd; Kd;Ng mwpe;jpUe;Njd;> Mdhy;
mtH (mugpfshfpa) cq;fspypUe;Jjhd; Njhd;WthH
vd;W ehd; fUjpapUf;ftpy;iy. ,tiur; nrd;wilAk;
topia ehd; mwpe;jpUe;jhy; kpFe;j rpukg;gl;lhtJ
mtiur; re;jpj;jpUg;Ngd;. (,g;NghJ) ehd; mtuUNf
,Ue;jhy; mtuJ ghjq;fis fOtp tpLNtd;.
g];uhtpd; MSeH %yk; n`HFyp]; kd;dhplk;

nfhLg;gjw;fhf jp`;ah trk; egp (]y;) mtHfs;
nfhLj;jDg;gpa fbjj;ij jk;kplk; nfhLf;FkhW
kd;dH Mizapl;lhH> MSeH mjid kd;dhplk;
xg;gilj;jhH> kd;dH mjidg; gbj;Jg;ghHj;jhH.
mf;fbjj;jpy; mstw;w mUshsDk; fUiz
md;GilNahDkhfpa my;yh`;tpd; jpUg;ngauhy;>
my;yh`;tpd; mbahUk;> mtdJ J}jUkhd K`k;kj;
vd;gtH> NuhkhGhpr; rf;futHj;jp n`HFyp]_f;F
vOjpf;nfhs;tJ> NeH topiag; gpd;gw;WNthH kPJ
rhe;jp epytl;Lkhf> epw;f . ,];yhj;ijj; jOTkhW
ckf;F ehd; miog;G tpLf;fpNwd;! ePH ,];yhj;ij
Vw;gPuhf!! ePH <Nlw;wk; ngw;wpLtPH!!! my;yh`; ckf;F
,U klq;F rd;khdk; toq;Fthdhf. ,t;tiog;ig ePH
Gwf;fzpj;;jhy;> (ckJ) Fbkf;fspd; ghtKk;
ck;ikr;rhUk;> Ntjj;ij cilatHfNs> ehk;
my;yh`;itj;jtpu (NtW vtiuAk;) tzq;ff;$lhJ>
mtDf;F vjidAk; ,izahf;ff; $lhJ>
my;yh`;it tpl;Ltpl;L ek;kpy; rpyH> rpyiu ekJ
,ul;rfdhf Mf;fpf;nfhs;sf;$lhJ vd;w vq;fSf;Fk;>
cq;fSf;Fk; nghJthd xU nfhs;ifia Nehf;fp
te;J tpLq;fs;. (,f;nfhs;ifia) ePq;fs; (Vw;f
kWj;J) Gwf;fzpj;jhy;> ehq;fs; epr;rakhf (me;j xNu
,iwtDf;Ff; fPo;gbe;j) K];ypk;fs; vd;gjw;F
ePq;fNs rhl;rpahf MfptpLq;fs; vd;W $wg;gl;bUe;jJ.
16
kd;dH jhk; nrhy;y Ntz;baij vy;yhk;

nrhy;yp> egp (]y;) mtHfspd; fbjj;ijg; gbj;J
Kbj;jJk; mq;Nf xNu $r;rYk;> Fog;gKk; kpFe;J
Fuy;fs; caHe;J nfhz;Nl Nghapd. ehq;fs;
mq;fpUe;J ntspNaw;wg;gl;Nlhk;> mg;NghJ vd;Dld;
te;jtHfsplk; NuhkHfspd; kd;dH mtiuf;fz;L
mQ;Rk; msTf;F K`k;kjpd; fhhpak; ,g;NghJ
NkNyhq;fptpl;lJ vd;W ehd; $wpNdd;>
(mg;NghjpypUe;Nj) mtHfs;jhk; ntw;wpailthHfs;
vd;w ek;gpf;ifapy; jpisj;jtdhfNt ehd; ,Ue;J
te;Njd;> Kbtpy; vdf;Fs;NsAk; my;yh`;
,];yhj;ij Eioj;Jtpl;lhd;. (]`P`_y; G`hhp)
mtHfsJ gpwg;Gk;> tsHg;Gg; gUtKk;:

K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfs; jkJ jhahhpd;
tapw;wpy; ,Uf;Fk; NghNj> je;ij mg;Jy;yh`;
kuzpj;J tpl;lhHfs;. mtHfs; gpwe;J rpy
tUlq;fspNyNa jhahH MkpdhTk; ,we;J tpl;lhHfs;>
,g;NghJ mehijahfptpl;l epiyapy; mtHfs;
ghl;ldhH mg;Jy; Kj;jypg; mz;zyhiug; nghWg;Ngw;W
ey;y Kiwapy; guhkhpj;J te;jhHfs;. gpd; rpy
tUlq;fspy; ghl;ldhUk; ,we;J tplNt> mtHfs; rpwpa
je;ij mG+jhypg; nghWg;Ngw;W ey;y Kiwapy;
guhkhpj;J te;jhHfs;.
md;iwa kf;fhtpy; egp K`k;kj; (]y;)

mtHfspd; Nfhj;jpuj;jpdUk;> Vida midj;J
Nfhj;jpuj;jpdUk; ,iwtid tzq;Ftjw;Fg; gfukhf
rpiyfis itj;J tzq;fp te;jdH. mr;rpiyfspy;
rpy fw;fisf; nfhz;L nrJf;fpAk;> ,d;Dk; rpy
kuq;fisf;nfhz;L jahhpj;Jk;> ,d;Dk; rpy
jq;fq;fshYk; cUthf;fg;gl;L f/ghit Rw;wpYk;
itf;fg;gl;bUe;jd. NkYk; mr;rpiyfspd; iffspNyNa
17
ey;yJ> nfl;lJ ahTk; ,Ug;gjhfTk; ek;gpf;if

nfhz;bUe;jdH.
rpW taJ Kjy; ehafk; (]y;) mtHfspd;

tho;;f;if cz;ik> ehzak; epiwe;jitahfNt
,Ue;J te;Js;sJ. ngha;> gpj;jyhl;lk;> Nkhrb>
ek;gpf;ifj; JNuhfk; Nghd;w nfl;l Fzq;fs;
mth;fsplj;jpy; fhzg;gl;lNj ,y;iy. mtHfs; tho;e;j
r%fj;jpdH kj;jpapy; ek;gpf;ifahsH vd;W mwpag;gl;L
te;jhHfs;. NkYk; jkJ mkhdpjq;fis mtHfsplk;
itj;jpUf;FkhW xg;gilf;ff; $batHfshf
,Ue;jhHfs;. mtHfs; ntspA+Uf;F gpuahzk;
nry;tjw;F jahuhdhy; jkJ nry;tq;fis> kjpg;Gs;s
nghUl;fis ,th;fsplNk ghJfhf;Fk;gb
itj;Jr;nry;thHfs;. mtHfs; nrhy;ypYk;> nraypYk;;>
cz;ikia> NeHikia fz;lNghJ md;W mtHfs;
,tHfSf;F nfhLj;j gl;lk; cz;ikahsH vd;gjhFk;.
NkYk; mtHfs; ew;FzKilatuhfTk;>

ey;yijNa Ngrf;$batuhfTk;> tha;ikahsuhfTk;;>
kdpj r%fk; KOtjw;Fk; ed;ikia tpUk;gf;
$batuhfTk;;> mtuJ r%fj;jtHfshy;
tpUk;gg;glf;$batuhfTk;> neUq;;fpa cwtpdHfSk;>
J}ukhdtHfSk; $l mtiu kjpj;J fz;zpag;gLj;jpg;
Nghw;wpg; Gfof;;$batHfshfTk; > NkYk; Njhw;wj;jhy;
kpfTk; mofhdtHfshfTk; ,Ue;jhHfs;. mtHfisg;
ghHj;jhy; fz;fs; rypf;fkhl;lh.
vdNt> mtHfs; clyhYk;> ew;Fzq;fshYk;

kpf mofpatHfshthHfs;. ,ij xl;bNa my;yh`;
mtdJ jpUkiw my;FHMdpy; mtHfisg;gw;wp $Wk;
NghJ: epr;rakhf ePH (mofpa) ew;FzKilatuhf
,Uf;fpwPHfs;. (my; fyk;:4) vd;gjhff; $Wfpd;whd;.
18
mtiug;gw;wp (th.carlyle) vd;w md;dpa

mwpQH jdJ fjhehafHfs; vd;w Gj;jfj;jpy;
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sjhtJ: “K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfs; jkJ
,sikg; gUtk; KjNy rpe;jpf;ff;$ba thypguhf
,Ue;J te;Js;shHfs;> NkYk; mtuJ rpNdfpjHfshy;
mtH nrhy;ypy;> nraypy; cz;ikahsuhfNt
ftdpf;fg;gl;L te;Js;shHfs;. NkYk; mtHfsJ
ehtpypUe;J ntsptUfpd;w ve;j xU nrhy;yhf
,Ug;gpDk; mjpNy epiwe;j Qhdk; ,Ug;gijAk;
fz;Lnfhz;ldH.
NkYk; $WfpwhH: mtHfs; rk;ke;jkhf ehd;

mwpe;jJ> mtHfs; xU mjpfk; NgrhJ
mikjpfhf;ff;$batHfs;> Njitapd;wp vJTk;> vjw;Fk;
Ngrkhl;lhHfs;. mtHfs; tha; jpwe;J Ngrpdhy; ePH
ehba Qhdk; mjpNy epiwe;jpUg;gijf; fhzyhk;.
NkYk; ehk; mtHfis jkJ tho;ehs; KOtJk;

epiyahd mbg;gil> cWjpahd vz;zk;> J}uNehf;F>
rq;if> eyd;> fUiz> ,iwar;rk;> fz;zpak;>
Rje;jpuk; Nghd;w gz;Gfs; jd;dfj;Nj Fbnfhz;l xU
kdpjuhff; fhzyhk;. NkYk; mtHfs; kdj;J}a;ik
kpf;f fLikahd Kaw;rpahsH. NkYk; mtHfs;
nkd;ikahd ,ay;G> vspa jd;ik> epiwe;j
KfkyHr;rp> Nghw;wj;jf;f kf;fs; fyg;G> ,dpikahd
If;fpak;> ,d;Dk; nrhy;yg;Nghdhy; (tpurk; ,y;yhky;)
eifr;Rit nra;J rphpg;G+l;LgtuhfTk; ,Ue;Js;shHfs;.
Mf nkhj;jj;jpy; mtHfSila Kfk;

cz;ikahd cs;sj;jpypUe;J ntspahFk; gpufhrkhd
rphpg;ghy; ,yq;ff;$bajhf ,Ue;jJ. NkYk;
Gj;jpf;$HikAk;> tpNtfKk; epiwe;J fhzg;gl;lhHfs;.
mtHfs; ,ay;gpNyNa kfj;jhdtuhff; fhzg;gl;lhH>
ve;jnthU gs;spf;$lKk; mtHfis mwpthspahf;
19
fTkpy;iy> ve;jnthU MrphpaUk; mtHfSf;F fy;tp

Gfl;lTkpy;iy> mitfis tpl;Lk; mtHfs;
Njitaw;wtNu. mtHfs; jdp Mshf epd;W me;j
mNugpag;ghiytdj;jpy; jdJ tho;ehspNyNa jdJ
gzpia nrt;tNd nra;J Kbj;jhHfs;”.
mt;tg;NghJ egp (]y;) mtHfs; egpahf

mDg;gg;gLtjw;F rpy fhyq;fSf;F Kd;ghf>
jdpikapy; mkHe;J my;yh`;it tzq;FtjpYk;>
Fwpg;ghf kf;fh efhpy; `puh vdg;gLk; Fifapy;.
ngUk;ghyhd Neuq;fspy; nrd;W jq;fp> rpe;jpg;gjpYk;>
,iwtopghLfspYk; <Lgl;Lte;jhHfs;. NkYk; mtHfs;
md;W jkJ rKjha kf;fsplj;jpy; gutpf;fple;j
midj;J tpjkhd nfl;l gof;f tof;fq;fspypUe;Jk;>
kpfTk; J}ukhf xJq;fpNa ,Ue;J te;jhHfs;. mtHfs;
vd;WNk kJghdj;ij njhl;lJ $lf; fpilahJ.
NkYk; ve;j xU rpiyf;Nfh> tpf;ufj;jpw;Nfh tzf;fk;
nrYj;jp rh];lhq;fk; nra;jJk; fpilaNt fpilahJ>
my;yJ mitfisf; nfhz;L ve;j xU
tplaj;jpw;fhfTk; rj;jpak; nra;jNjh> my;yJ ve;j
xU nghUisahtJ mitfSf;F fhzpf;if
nrYj;jpNah te;jJ fpilahJ.
NkYk; jkJ tapw;Wg;gpiog;gp;w;fhf jkJ

r%fj;jhHfspd;; MLfis Nka;rr ; y; nra;Js;shHfs;>
,Jgw;wp mtHfs; nrhy;Yk; NghJ: egpkhHfs;
midtUk; MLNka;fF ; k; njhopypy; <Lgl;Nl
te;Js;sdH vd;W $wpdhHfs;. jhq;fSkh? vd;W
mtHfspd; NjhoHfs; tpdtpaNghJ Mk;> vd;W
$wptpl;L kf;fh thrpfspd; MLfis rpy
fpuaq;fSf;fhf ehd; Nka;f;ff;$batdhf ,Ue;Njd;
vd;whHfs;. (Mjhuk; G`hhp).
20
mtHfSf;F ehw;gjhtJ taJ G+Hj;jpahfpa

rkaj;jpy;> kf;fhtpYs;s `puh Fifapy; ,iwtid
tzq;Ftjpy; <Lgl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j NghJ>
thdj;jpypUe;J t`P (,iwr;nra;jp) mtHfs; kPJ
,wq;f Muk;gpj;jJ.
,Jgw;wp md;id Map\h (uyp) mtHfs;

Fwpg;gpLk; NghJ: ,e; egp (]y;) mtHfSf;Fj;
Jtf;fj;jpy; (,iwr;nra;jp) J}f;fj;jpy; Njhd;Wk; ey;y
fdTfspNyNa te;jJ. mg;NghJ mtHfs; ve;jf; fdT
fz;lhYk; mJ mjpfhiyg; nghOjpd; tpbaiyg;
Nghyj; njs;sj;njspthf ,Uf;Fk;. gpd;dH jdpikapy;
,Ug;gJ mtHfspd; tpUg;gkhapw;W. `puh Fifapy;
mtHfs; jdpj;jpUe;jhHfs;> jdJ FLk;gj;jhhplk;
jpUk;gp tUtjw;F Kd;> gy ,uTfs; (mq;Nf
jq;fpapUe;J) tzf;f topghLfspy; <Lgl;bUe;jhHfs;.
me;j ehl;fSf;fhd czit jk;NkhL nfhz;L
nry;thHfs;. (me;j czT Kbe;jJk;) kPz;Lk; jkJ
(JiztpahH) md;id fjP[h (uyp) mtHfsplk; jpUk;gp
tUthHfs;> mNj Nghd;W gy ehl;fSf;fhd czitf;
nfhz;L nry;thHfs;. ,e;j epiy `puh Fifapy;
mtHfSf;F rj;jpak; tUk; tiu ePbj;jJ. (xUehs;)
xU thdtH mtHfsplk; te;J XJtPuhf vd;whHfs;>
mjw;ftHfs; ehd; Xjj;njhpe;jtdpy;iyNa vd;whHfs;.
my;yh`;tpd; J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

,e;epiyiag; gpd; tUkhW tpsf;fpdhHfs;:
mtH vd;idg;gpbj;J ehd; rpukg;gLk; mstpw;F
,Wff; fl;b mizj;jhH> gpwF vd;id tpl;Ltpl;L
kPz;Lk; XJtPuhf vd;whHfs;> (mg;NghJk;) ehd;
Xjj;njhpe;jtdpy;iyNa vd;Nwd;. ,uz;lhtJ KiwAk;
mtH vd;idg; gpbj;J ehd; rpukg;gLk; mstpw;F
,Wff; fl;baizj;J vd;id tpl;Ltpl;L kPz;Lk;
XJtPuhf vd;whH> (mg;NghJk;) ehd;
21
Xjj;njhpe;jtdpy;iyNa vd;Nwd;. mtH vd;idg;

gpbj;J %d;whtJ KiwAk; fl;b mizj;J vd;id
tpl;Ltpl;L gilj;jtdhfpa ck;Kila ,ul;rfdpd;
jpUg;ngauhy; XJtPuhf> mtd; jhd; kdpjid
myf;fpy; (fUtsHr;rpapd; Muk;gepiyapy;) ,Ue;J
gilj;jhd;> XJtPuhf ckJ ,ul;rfd; fz;zpak;
kpf;ftd; vd;whHfs;.
NkYk; md;id Map\h (uyp) $wpajhtJ:

gpwF ,jak; glglj;jtHfshf me;j trdq;fSld;
(jdJ JiztpahH) Fitypjpd; kfs; md;id fjP[h
(uyp) ,lk; te;J> vd;id NghHj;Jq;fs;> vd;id
NghHj;Jq;fs; vd;whHfs;> fjP[h (uyp) mtHfs; egp
(]y;) mtHfisg; NghHj;jpdhHfs;. (eLf;fk; jPHe;jJk;)
md;id fjP[h (uyp) ,lk; ele;j nra;jpiaj;
njhptpj;Jtpl;Lj; jkf;F VJk; NeHe;JtpLNkh? vdj;jhk;
cWjpahf mQ;RtjhfTk; $wpdhHfs;. mg;NghJ
md;id fjP[h (uyp) mt;thW $whjPHfs;>
my;yh`;tpd; kPJ Mizahf> my;yh`; cq;fis
xUNghJk; ,opT gLj;jkhl;lhd;. Vnddpy; jhq;fs;
cwtpdHfSld; ,zq;fp tho;fpwPHfs;>
(rpukg;gLNthhpd;) Rikfisj; jhq;fs; Rke;J
nfhs;fpwPHfs;> twpatHfSf;fhf ciof;fpwPHfs;>
tpUe;jpdHfis cgrhpf;fpwPHfs;> cz;ikahd
Nrhjidfspy; (Mw;gl;NlhUf;F) cjtp GhpfpwPHfs;
vd;whHfs;. gpd;dH egp (]y;) mtHfis jkJ
je;ijapd; cld; gpwe;jtuhd et;/gy; vd;gthpd; kfd;
tufh vd;gthplk; mioj;Jr; nrd;whHfs;> et;/gy;
mrJ vd;gthpd; kfDk; mg;Jy; c];]h vd;gthpd;
NguUkhthH.
tufh mwpahikf; fhyj;;jpNyNa fpwp];jt

rkaj;ijj; jOtpatuhf ,Ue;jhH. NkYk; mtH `pg;U
nkhopapy; vOjj; njhpe;jtuhfTk;> ,Q;[y
P ; Ntjj;ij
22
`pg;U nkhopapy; mtH vOj Ntz;Lk; vd;W my;yh`;

ehba msTf;F vOJfpwtuhfTk;> fz;ghHitaw;w
ngUk; tNahjpfuhfTk; ,Ue;jhH. mthplk; md;id
fjP[h (uyp) vd; je;ijapd; rNfhjud; kfNd> ck;
rNfhjud; kfd; $Wtijf; NfSq;fs; vd;whHfs;.
mg;NgJ tufh egp (]y;) mtHfsplk; vd; rNfhjud;
kfNd ePH vijf; fz;BH? vdf; Nfl;lhH. egp (]y;)
mtHfs; jhk; ghHj;j> ele;j nra;jpfis mthplk;
tpghpj;Jr; nrhd;dhHfs;. (mijf; Nfl;lJk;) tufh> egp
(]y;) mtHfsplk;> mtHjhk; %]h (miy) ,lk;
,iwtd; mDg;gpa eh%]; ([pg;hPy;) MthH> vd;W
$wptpl;L ckJ r%fj;jhH ck;ik> ckJ
ehl;bypUe;J ntspNaw;Wk; rkaj;jpy; ehd; capUld;
jplfhj;jpukhd ,isQdhf ,Ue;jpUf;f Ntz;LNk!
vd;Wk; mq;fyha;j;Jf;nfhz;lhH.
mg;NghJ egp (]y;) mtHfs;> kf;fs; vd;id

ntspNaw;wTk; nra;thHfsh? vd;W Nfl;lhHfs;>
mjw;ftH Mk; ePH nfhz;L te;jpUg;gJ Nghd;w
rj;jpaj;ijf; nfhz;L te;j ve;j kdpjUk; (kf;fshy;)
gifj;Jf; nfhs;sg;glhky; ,Ue;jjpy;iy. (ePH
ntspNaw;wg;gLk;) me;j ehis ehd; mile;jhy;
ckf;Fg; gykhd cjtp nra;Ntd; vd;W $wpdhH>
mjd; gpd; tufh ePz;lehs; thohky; ,we;J tpl;lhHj
Kjw; nra;jpAld; t`P rpwpJ fhyk; epd;W Nghapw;W.
(G`hhp)
vdNt Kjd;Kjyhf ,wf;fg;gl;l mt;trdq;fs;

egpj;Jtj;jpd; Muk;gkhFk;. mjidj;njhlHe;J rpy
khjq;fSf;Fg;gpd; mtHfs; kPJ gpd;tUk; ,iwr;nra;jp
,wf;fg;gl;lJ: (NghHit NghHj;;jpatNu vOk; (kf;fis
topNfl;bd; tpisitf;Fwpj;J) mr;RWj;jp vr;rhpAk;>
ck; mjpgjpapd; Nkd;ikiaAk; ngUikiaAk;
vLj;JiwAk;> ck; Milia J}a;ikg;
23
gLj;jpf;nfhs;Sk;> rpiyfis tpl;L tpyfpapUk;>

mjpfkhf ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; vz;zj;jpy; vtUf;Fk;
cgfhuk; nra;ahjPH> ck; mjpgjpapd; gzpapy; (Jd;g
Jauq;fs; NeUk; NghJ) nghWikiaf; filg;gpbAk;.
(#uh: my; Kj;j]pH 1-7)
vdNt> ,t;trdq;fNs mz;zyhH (]y;)

mtHfis egpj;Jtg; gzpia mjpfhug;G+Htkhf
nra;jpl njhlf;fkhf ,Ue;jJ. ,g;NghJ Kiwg;gb
Miz fpl;btpl;lJ> egp (]y;) mtHfs; kf;fh tho;
jkJ rKjhaj;jpdUf;F kj;jpapy; jdJ miog;Gg;
gzpia Muk;gpj;j NghJ nrhy;nydh Jd;gq;fisAk;>
fLikahd vjpg;HGfisAk; re;jpj;jhHfs;. Vnddpy; egp
(]y;) mtHfs; mr;r%fj;jpdUf;F ghPPl;rakpy;yhj>
Kw;wpYk; tpj;jpahrkhd xU miog;ig mtHfs; Kd;
vLj;Jiuj;jhHfs;. mt;tiog;G mtHfspd; tho;tpd;
khHf;f> murpay;> nghUshjhu kw;Wk;
midj;Jj;JiwfisAk; cs;slf;fpa xU miog;ghf
,Ue;jJ. mJ ntWkNd XH ,iwf; nfhs;ifapd;
gf;fk; mioj;J> mtiday;yhJ tzq;fg;gLk;
Vidaitfis tpl;LtpLk;gb $WtNjhL khj;jpuk;
epd;W tplhky;> ,itfNshL NrHj;J kJ> tpgr;rhuk;>
tl;b> #J Nghd;w mtHfs; mbg;gilahf fUjpte;j
midj;Jj; jPikfisAk;> mtHfs; kPJ tpyf;fp
jtpHe;J nfhs;Sk;gbAk;> NkYk; kdpjHfSf;F
kj;jpapy; vt;tpj Vw;wj;jho;Tkpd;wp ePjp nrYj;Jk;gbAk;>
,iwar;rj;ijf; nfhz;Nl my;yhky; kdpjHfSf;F
kj;jpapy; ve;j tpj Vw;wj;jho;Tk; fpilahJ vd;Wk;
mt;tiog;G mike;jpUe;jJ.
Fiu\pfs; jkf;Fk; mbikfSf;Fk; kj;jpapy;

rkj;Jtj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtij vg;gbg; nghWj;Jf;
nfhs;thHfs;? muGfspd; jiytHfs;> Ml;rpahsHfs;>
Fiu\p Fyj;jpdH ,t;tiog;ig vjpHg;gNjhL khj;jpuk;
24
epd;W tpltpy;iy khwhf> ,t;tiog;ghshuhd egp

(]y;) mtHfis kpf Nkhrkhd thHj;ijfspd; %yk;
VrpAk;> tirghbAk;> ngha;ah;> igj;jpaf;fhuH>
#dpaf;fhuh; Nghd;w Fw;wr;rhl;Lfis mtH kPJ
Rkj;jpAk; mtiu Jd;GWj;jp te;jdH. ,jd; ghy;
kf;fis miog;gjw;F Kd;dH ,J Nghd;w ve;j xU
Fw;wr;rhl;ilAk; ,tHfs; kPJ mtHfs; Rkj;j
Kbatpy;iy. egp (]y;) mtHfis Nehtpid
nra;tjw;fhf mq;fpUe;j rpyH> mNahf;fpaHfis
J}z;bAk; tpl;ldH. ,J gw;wp mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D
k];Cj; (uyp) $wpdhHfs;: egp (]y;) mtu;fs;
f/ghTf;Fg; gf;fj;jpy; njhOifapy; <Lgl;Lf;
nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;. mg;NghJ Fiu\paupy; rpyu; mq;F
Eioe;J Xu; ,lj;jpy; mku;e;J nfhz;lhu;fs;.
mtu;fspy; mG+ [`;Yk; ,Ue;jhd;. mtd; mtNdhL
,Ue;jtu;fis Nehf;fp ehd; ,d;W kf;fhtpy; xU
,lj;ij Fwpg;gpl;L mq;F xU xl;lfk; mWj;Njd;.
mjd; Fly;fs; ,d;Dk; mq;Fjhd; ,Uf;fpwJ. clNd
cq;fspy; xUtu; nrd;W mij vLj;J te;J
K`k;kjpd; kPJ NghlTk; vd;W $wpdhd;. gpwF egp
(]y;) mtu;fs; R[{jpy; ,Ue;j NghJ mtu;fspd; kPJ
me;j ,uj;jk; Njha;e;j Fly;fisAk;> fopTfisAk;
Nghl;L mtu;fis #o;e;J nfhz;L mf;Fiu\pau;fs;
tpOe;J tpOe;J rphpj;J kfpo;e;jdu;. mg;NghJ ,g;D
k];Cj; (uyp) mtu;fSk; mt;tplj;jpy; ,Ue;jhu;fs;.
Mdhy; Fiu\pau;fs; mjpfkhdtu;fshf ,Ue;jjhy;
vJTk; nra;tjwpahJ epd;W nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;.
mg;NghJ egpfshupd; mUik kfs; ghjpkh (uyp)
mtu;fs; te;J je;ijapd; Nkdpapy; ,Ue;J fopTfis
mfw;wpdhu;fs;. (Mjhuk;>G`hhp)
NkYk; KdPGy; m];jP vd;gtH $WfpwhH: ehd;

egp (]y;) mtHfis [h`pypa;ah fhyj;jpy; fz;Nld;>
mtHfs; kf;fNs! tzf;fj;Jf;Fhpatd; my;yh`;itj;
25
jtpu NtW ahUkpy;iy vd;W $Wq;fs;> ePq;fs;

ntw;wpailtPHfs; vd;W $wpte;jhHfs;. ,jw;fhf
Ntz;b mtHfspy; rpyH egpatHfspd; Kfj;jpy;
fhhpj;Jg;gf; $batHfshfTk;> ,d;Dk; rpyH
mtHfs;kPJ kz;iz thhp Nghlf;$batHfshfTk; >
,d;Dk; rpyH mtHfis Vrf;$batHfshfTk;
,Ue;jhHfs;. #hpad; cr;rpia mile;J nfhz;bUe;j
Ntis> xU nghpa ghj;jpuk; epiwa jz;zPiu
Rke;jtz;zk; mtHfis Nehf;fp jkJ Gjy;tpaH
xUj;jp te;J mz;zhuJ Kfj;ijAk; iffisAk;
fOtpf;nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;> mg;NghJ egpatHfs;
vd;dUik kfNs! ckJ je;ijapd; kPJ ,opitf;
nfhz;Nlh khdgq;fj;ijf; nfhz;Nlh mQ;rNtz;lhk;
vd;W $wpdhHfs;. (jguhzp)
NkYk; cHth gpd; ]{igH (uyp) mtHfs;

$wpdhHfs;: ehd; mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; mk;H gpd; M];
(uyp) mtHfsplk;> ,iz itg;ghsHfs; egp (]y;)
mtHfSf;F nra;j kpff; fLikahd nranyhd;iw
$Wk;gbf; Nfl;Nld;. mg;NghJ mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;>
xU ehs; egp (]y;) f/ghtpy; njhOJ nfhz;bUf;Fk;
NghJ cf;gh gpd; mgP KaPj; vd;gtd; jdJ
Nkyhilia fise;J vLj;J> mjid KWf;fp egp
(]y;) mtHfspd; fOj;jpy; Nghl;L fLikahf
,Wf;fpf;nfhz;bUe;jhd;> mJ rkak; mG+gf;H (uyp)
mtHfs; ,jid fz;lTld;> mtid Nehf;fp te;J
mtdJ gplhpia gpbj;J u]{y; (]y;) mtHfis
tpl;Lk; js;sp tpl;lhHfs;. NkYk; mtid Nehf;fp:
vdjpiwtd; my;yh`; xUtd; jhd; vd;W $wpajw;fhf
xU kdpjiu ePq;fs; nfhy;yg; ghHf;fpwPHfsh? NkYk;>
cq;fs; ug;gplkpUe;J kpfj;njspthd mj;jhl;rpfis
cq;fSf;F mtHfs; nfhz;Lte;JkpUf;fpwhHfs; vd;Wk;
$wpdhHfs;. (Mjhuk; . G`hhp)
26
,j;jifa epfo;rr
; pfnsy;yhk; egp (]y;)
mtHfs; jkJ miog;Gg; gzpia njhlHe;J nra;J
nfhz;Nl ,Ug;gjw;F vt;tpj Kl;Lf;fl;ilfshfTk;
,Uf;ftpy;iy. vdNt mtHfs; kf;fhit Nehf;fp
`[;[{ila fhyj;jpy; tUif juf;$ba FOf;fSf;F
Kd; nrd;W miog;Gg;gzp nra;af;$batHfshf
,Ue;jhHfs;. ,g;gb te;j FOf;fSf;fpilNa „na];hpg;‟
,g;NghJ kjPdh vd;W miof;fg;glf;$ba Ciur;
NrHe;j rpyH mtHfsJ miog;ig Vw;W mtHfis
(<khd;) ek;gpf;if nfhz;ldH> NkYk; egp (]y;)
mtHfs; jq;fsplk; te;J NrHe;jhy; jhk; cjtp
nra;tjhfTk;> vjphpfis tpl;Lk; fhg;ghw;WtjhfTk;
cWjpaspj;jhHfs;. NkYk; mtHfSf;F ,];yhj;jpd;
rl;ljpl;lq;fis fw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;fhf K];mg; gpd;
cikH vd;w ]`hgpiaAk; kjPdhTf;F mtHfNshL
mDg;gpAk; itj;jhHfs;. ,jd; gpwF jkJ
r%fj;jhHfs; jkf;Fk;> jk;ik Vw;w jkJ
NjhoHfSf;Fk;> Jd;gq;fSk;> neUf;fbfSk;
nfhLj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;j NghJ mtHfsJ ,iwtd;
mtHfSf;F kf;fhit Jwe;J kjPdhTf;F `p[;uj;
Nkw;nfhs;Sk;gb fl;lis gpwg;gpj;jhd;.
,tH kjPdhTf;F tUif je;jNghJ kjPdh

thrpfs; ey;y Kiwapy; mtHfis tuNtw;W
cgrhpj;jhHfs;. ,jd; gpd; kjPdhefu;jhd; mtHfspd;
miog;Gg;gzpapd; Nfe;jpu];jykhfTk;> ,];yhkpa
rhk;uh[;[paj;jpd; jiyikg;gPlkhfTk; MfpaJ. vdNt
kjPdhit mtHfs; jdJ ,Ug;gplkhf Mf;fp>
mk;kf;fSf;F FHMid XjpAk;> khHf;f
rl;lj;jpl;lq;fis fw;Wf; nfhLj;Jf;
nfhz;LkpUe;jhHfs;.
27
NkYk; mk;kf;fs; egp (]y;) mtHfspd; mofpa

ew;Fzq;fs;> caHe;j gz;Gfs; %yk; jhf;fk;
ngw;WkpUe;jdH. vdNt jk; cly;fis> jk;
capHfis tplTk; mjpfkhf egp (]y;) mtHfis
tpUk;gpdhHfs;. ,jd; fhuzkhf mtHfSf;F
gzptpil nra;tjpy; xUtiu Ke;jp xUtnud Nghl;b
Nghl;Lf;nfhz;ldH. mtHfSila ghijapNy
tpiykjpf;f KbahjitfisAk; ngWkjp
kpf;fitfisAk; nrytpl;ldH. re;Njh\k; epiwe;j
<khdpa capNuhl;lKs;s xU r%fj;jpy; mtHfs; tho
Muk;gpj;jdH. mr;r%fj;jpdUf;F kj;jpapy; md;G> ghrk;>
rNfhjuj;Jtk; Nghd;wtw;wpd; milahsq;fs;
ntspg;gl;lJ> ,e;j kfj;jhd khHf;fj;jpd; fPo; VioAk;>
gzf;fhuDk;> caHe;jtDk;> jho;e;jtDk;>
nts;isaDk;> fUg;gDk;> mugpAk;> mugpay;yhjtDk;
vt;tpj Vw;wj;jho;Tkpd;wp xNu rkkhdtHfshf
Mfptpl;ldH. mtHfSf;F kj;jpapy; (jf;th) ,iwar;rk;
xd;W khj;jpuNk Vw;wj;jho;Tf;F msTNfhshf
fUjg;gl;Lte;jJ. egp (]y;) mtHfs; te;J jq;fp xU
tUlj;jpw;Fg; gpd;> egp (]y;) mtHfSf;Fk;>
mtHfSf;F miog;Gg;gzp te;jNghJ vtHfs;
Nkhrkhf ele;J nfhz;lhHfNsh(kf;fj;Jf;fhgpHfs;)
mtHfSf;Fk; kj;jpapy; jhf;Fjy;fs; Muk;gkhapd.
Ml;gyj;jpYk; rhp> MAjgyj;jpYk; rhp> kiyf;Fk;>
kLTf;Fk; cs;s Vw;wj;jho;Tf;F kj;jpapy;>
,];yhj;jpw;Fk; ,iwkWg;ghsHfSf;Fk; kj;jpapy;
Kjy; Aj;jk; %z;lJ> mt;Aj;jk;jhd; gj;H Aj;jkhFk;.
,jpy; K];ypk;fspd; jug;gpy; NghH tPuHfspd;

vz;zpf;if 314 NgHfs; khj;jpuNk>
,izitg;ghsHfspd; vz;zpf;if 1000 NgHfshFk;;.
,g;Nghhpy; my;yh`; mtdJ J}jUf;Fk;> mtHfsJ
NjhoHfSf;Fk; kpfg;ngUk; ntw;wpiaf; nfhLj;J
cWjpg;gLj;jpdhd;. ,jid njhlHe;J
28
K];ypk;fSf;Fk;> ,izitg;ghsHfSf;Fk; kj;jpapy;

gy NghHfs; xd;wd;gpd; xd;whf eilngw;Wte;jJ.
kjPdh nrd;W 8 tUlq;fSf;Fs;shf egp (]y;)
mtHfs; 10>000 NgHfs; nfhz;l xU gpukhz;lkhd
gilia cUthf;f Kbe;jJ. mg;gilapdNuhL kf;fh
efUf;Fs; ntw;wpahsuhf Eioe;J> mtHfSf;Fk;>
mtiu Vw;Wf;nfhz;l mtHfsJ NjhoHfSf;Fk;
nrhy;nydh Jd;gq;fisAk;> f\;lq;fisAk;>
NtjidfisAk; nfhLj;J ,Wjpapy; jdJ nghUs;>
,Ug;gplk;> nrhe;jk;> ge;jk; midj;ijAk; tpl;L ehL
Jwe;J nry;YksTf;F cs;shf;fpatHfis
Njhy;tpAwr; nra;J khngUk; ntw;wpia
epiyehl;bdhHfs;. ,t;thz;Lf;F „ntw;wpapd; Mz;L‟
vd;W ngaH #l;lg;gl;lJ. ,Jgw;wp my;FHMdpy;
$wpg;gpLk;NghJ: my;yh`;tpd; cjtpAk;> ntw;wpAk;
te;jNghJ ePH (K`k;kj;) my;yh`;tpd; khHf;fj;jpy;
kf;fs; $l;lk; $l;lkhf Eiotijf; fhz;gPH>
mg;NghJ ePH ckjpiwtdpd; Gfiof; nfhz;L> Jjpj;J
mtdplk; ghtkd;dpg;Gk; NfhUtPuhf> epr;rakhf mtd;
ghtq;fis kd;dpf;ff;$batdhf ,Uf;fpwhd;.
(me;e];H)
gpd;G egp (]y;) mtHfs; kf;fhthrpfs;

midtiuAk; xd;W $l;b> ehd; cq;fSf;F vd;d
nra;ag; NghfpNwd; vd;W fUJfpwPHfs; vd;W
Nfl;lhHfs;. mjw;F mq;F FOkpapUe;jtHfs;
$wpdhHfs;: ey;yNj nra;tPHfs; Vnddpy;> ePq;fNsh
rq;iff;Fhpa xU rNfhjuH> NkYk; rq;iff;Fhpa xU
rNfhjuhpd; kfd; vd;gjhf> gpd;G mtHfis Nehf;fp
ePq;fs; tpLjiy ngw;wtHfshf ,q;fpUe;J nry;Yq;fs;
vd;W $wpdhHfs;. (ig`fp)
,t;Tj;juT mtHfspy; mjpfkhdtHfs;

,];yhj;jpy; Eiotjw;F fhuzkhf mike;jJ> gpd;G
29
egp (]y;) mtHfs; kjPdhit Nehf;fp jpUk;gpdhHfs;>

rpy tUlq;fSf;Fg;gpd; `[; flikia
epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhf te;jNghJ> mtNuhL 1>14>000
NjhoHfSk; ,ize;J nfhz;lhHfs;. ,t; `[;
(`[;[Jy; tpjh - gphpahtpil `[;) vd;W
mwpag;gl;Lte;jJ> Vnddpy; egp (]y;) mtHfSf;F
kuzk; neUq;fptpl;ljhy; ,e;j `[; K];ypk;fSf;F
gphpahtpil Nghd;W ,Ue;jJ.
egp (]y;) mtHfs; `p[;hp 11 Mk; Mz;L

ugPcy; mt;ty; khjk; 12k; ehs; jpq;fl;fpoik
kjPdhtpy; fhyk; nrd;whHfs;. gpd; mq;NfNa
mlf;fKk; nra;ag;gl;lhHfs;. egp (]y;) mtHfspd;
kuzk; rpyUf;F mjpHr;rpia Vw;gLj;jpaJ. Fwpg;ghf>
ckH (uyp) mtHfs; ,r;nra;jpia ek;ghjtHfshf> ahH
epr;rakhf K`k;kj; (]y;) kuzpj;J tpl;lhHfs; vd;W
nrhy;tijf; Nfl;NlNdh> mtuJ fOj;ij
Jz;bj;JtpLNtd; vd;W nrhy;ypf;nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;.
,r;re;jHg;gj;jpy; mG+gf;H (uyp) mtHfs; kf;fSf;F
Kd; vOe;J gpd;tUk; jpUkiw trdj;ij XjpdhHfs;:
K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfs; xU J}jNuad;wp Ntwy;yH>
mtHfSf;F Kd;dUk; (,t;thNw) J}jHfs; gyH
nrd;wpUf;fpwhHfs;> mtHfs; ,we;Jtpl;lhy;> my;yJ
ntl;lg;gl;Ltpl;lhy; ePq;fs; Gwq;fhl;br;
nrd;WtpLtPHfsh?(my;FHMd; 3:144)
,j;jpUkiw trdj;ij Nfl;l NghJ ckH (uyp)

thailj;J epd;whHfs;> ckH (uyp) mtHfs;
jpUf;FHMdpd; fl;lisf;F fl;Lg;gl;lhHfs;. egp (]y;)
mtHfs; kuzpf;Fk;NghJ md;dhUf;F taJ 63 MFk;.
kf;fhtpy; egpahf mDg;gg;gLtjw;F Kd; 40
tUlq;fSk; egpj;Jtj;jpw;Fg;gpd; 13 tUlq;fSk;
kf;fhtpy; miog;Gg;gzp nra;jhHfs;. gpd; kjPdhTf;F
(`p[;uj; Nkw;nfhz;L) nrd;W 10 tUlq;fs;
30
jq;fpdhHfs;. njhlHe;J 23 tUlq;fs; my;FHMd;

Njitf;Nfw;g ,wf;fg;gl;L ,];yhj;jpd; rl;ljpl;lq;fs;
rk;G+uzg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
lhf;lH [p. ypnghd; vd;gtH ( mNugpa ehfhpfk;

vd;w) jkJ E}ypy;: kdpjHfspd; ngUkjp> mtHfs;
Mw;wpa gzpfspd; %yk; mstplg;gLnkdpy;> cyf
tuyhw;wpNyNa K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfs;jhd; kpf
kfj;jhdtuhf fUjg;gLthH vdf;Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH.
Nkw;fj;jpa mwpQHfs; K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfs;

gw;wp $Wifapy; mNef tuyhw;whrphpaHfs;
eLepyikia filgpbj;jNghJk; md;dhuJ rpwg;Gfis
xg;Gf;nfhs;tij tpl;Lk; kjthjnkd;w khia
mtHfspy; gyuJ fz;iz kiwj;Jtpl;lJ. vd;Nd!
ghpjhgk;.
egp (]y;) mtHfspd; Njhw;wk;

egp (]y;) mtHfs; tphpe;j Njhs; G[q;fs;
nfhz;ltHfs;> mtHfsJ jiyKb fhJf;
Nrhidfspy;gLk; msTf;F njhq;fpf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;>
mtHfs; kdpjHfspNyNa mofpa Kfk; nfhz;ltHfs;>
clyhy; mofhdtHfs;. msTf;F kPwpa
cau(nel;ilA)k; fpilahJ mNjrkak; mjpf fl;il
(Fl;il)Ak; fpilahJ. ntSntSj;j nts;isNah
fLfLj;j fUik epwNkh fpilahJ. mtHfsJ
jiyKb mjpfk; RUz;lNjh my;yJ ntWkNd
ePz;lNjh (Nfhiu) fpilahJ. mtHfsJ KfNkh
nts;spapdhy; thHj;jijg;Nghd;W ,yq;fpf;
nfhz;bUf;Fk;> mtHfspd; epwNkh RlHtPRk; nrk;ik
(khepwk;) Nghd;wJ> mtHfsJ tpaHit Kj;Jf;fs;
Nghd;W n[hypf;Fk;> mtHfs; jhb KbNah kpfTk;
mlHj;jpahdJ.
31
[hgpH ,g;D ]Kuh (uyp) mtHfsplk; egp

(]y;) mtHfSila Kfk; thisg;Nghy;
gsgsg;ghdjh? vd;W Nfl;fg;gl;lNghJ> mjw;F mtH
,y;iy mtHfsJ Kfk; #hpaid re;jpuid Nghy;
(gpufhrkhf) tl;lkhf ,Ue;jJ> NkYk; mtHfs;
kfj;jhd ehTk;> tphpe;j fz;fSk;> gpd;ghjq;fs;
Fiwe;j rijAk; nfhz;ltHfs;. NkYk; mtHfs;
,yq;Fk; nts;isAk;> mjpfkhd nfhOg;Ngh(jbg;Ngh)>
nkypNth> cauNkh> fl;ilNahmw;w rhjhuz gUkDk;
(cly;thFk;) nfhz;ltHfs;> NkYk; mtHfs;
gpukhz;lkhd ,U iffisAk;> ,Ughjq;fisAk;
nfhz;ltHfs;> mtHfspd; cs;sq;ifNah kpf
nkd;ikahdJ..
,J gw;wp md]; (uyp) $Wk; NghJ: egp (]y;)
mtHfspd; cs;sq;ifia tpl kpUJthd gl;ilNah >
NtW ve;j xU [upifg; gl;ilNah ehd;
njhl;ljpy;iy> egp (]y;) mtHfspd; eWkzj;ij
tpl rpwe;j kp];ifNah> mk;giuNah ehd;
EfHe;jjpy;iy vd;whHfs;;. (G`hhp> K];ypk;)
32
egp (]y;) mtHfspd; Fzhjpraq;fs;>

gz;Gfs;
mwpT KjpHr;rp: cyfpy; ve;j xU kdpjUk;
mile;jplhj msT Qhdj;ij egp (]y;) mtHfs;
mile;jpUe;jhHfs;. fhoP ,aho; (u`;) $Wfpd;whh;fs; :
ahH mtUila ntspuq;f epiyfisAk;
tho;f;ifNahl;lj;ijAk; EDf;fkhf Muha;fpd;whNuh>
NkYk; mtHfsJ ,uj;jpd RUf;fkhd Ngr;R> mofpa
gz;Gfs;> Qhdk; epiwe;j Ngr;R> ,Q;[Py;> jt;uhj;
kw;Wk; ,itfSf;F Kd; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l
Ntjq;fspy; cs;s fy;tpQhdq;fs;> Qhdpfspd; Qhdk;>
nrd;WNghd rKjhaq;fspd; tho;f;if tuyhWfs;>
NkYk; cjhuzq;fs; $wp xU tplaj;ij czHj;Jjy;>
murpay; rhzf;fpak;;> rl;ljpl;lq;fs; tFj;jy;>
,yf;fpak;> kUj;Jtk;> fzf;fpay;> nrhj;Jhpik> Fyk;
Nghd;w gyjug;gl;l fiyfSf;F mf;fiyapy; NjHr;rp
ngw;wtHfs; ,tHfsJ tha; thHj;ijfspy; ,Ue;J
ngw;Wf; nfhz;l ,yt;fPfuPjpahd xOq;Ffs;>
N;ghw;wg;glf;$ba gz;GfSf;F Kd;khjphpahf mikjy;>
Nghd;wtw;iw Muha;fpwhNuh mth; ,e;egpfshupd; mwpT
EDf;fj;ij kjpj;Jf; nfhs;thh;.
,t;tsTf;Fk; ,tHfs; fy;tp fw;wNjh>

gbj;jNjh> Kd;NdhHfspd; Gj;jfq;fis thrpj;jNjh
fpilahJ. NkYk; mwpQHfs; Kd; mkHe;jJkpy;iy.
,jw;Fk; Nky; mtHfs; vOjNth gbf;fNth njhpahj
xU (ck;kp) egp> my;yh`; mtHfsJ cs;sj;ij
,];yhj;ijf; nfhz;L tphpthf;Fk;tiu NkYk; mtd;
mtHfSf;F nkhj;j mwpitAk; fw;Wf; nfhLf;Fk;
tiu> mtHfSf;F Xjpf;fhl;Lk; tiu ve;j xd;iwAk;
mwpahjtuhfNt ,Ue;jhHfs;.
33
mtHfsJ Gj;jpapd; (mwptpd;) msTf;;F

my;yh`; mwptpj;Jf; nfhLj;j Vida epfo;e;j>
epfotpUf;Fk; tplaq;fs; gw;wpa mwpT>
my;yh`;Tila kfj;jhd Ml;rpfs;> Mr;rhpaj;jpw;Fhpa
mtdJ Mw;wy;fs; gw;wpa mwpTk; Vida
mwpTfNshL NrHe;J xUq;fpize;jpUe;jJ vd;gij
mtjhdpf;Fk; xUtH mwpthH.
rfpg;Gj;jd;ik: egp (]y;) mtHfs;

rfpg;ghsHfspd; jiytuhf ,Ue;Js;shHfs;. jdJ
miog;ig gug;Gk; gzpapy; nrhy;nydh Jd;gq;fis
re;jpj;jhHfs;> my;yh`;tplj;jpy; $ypia
vjpHg;ghHj;jtHfshf nghWikNahL
,itfisnay;yhk; rfpj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;.
mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D k];Cj; (uyp)

mwptpf;fpwhHfs;: egp (]y;) mtHfs; jkJ
Kfj;jpypUe;J ,uj;jj;ij Jilj;jtHfshf>
my;yh`;Tila J}jHfspy; xU J}jUf;F mtUila
r%fj;jpdH mbj;Jf; fhag;gLj;jpa rk;gtj;ij
$wpatHfshf> ah my;yh`;! vdJ r%fj;jpdiu
kd;dpj;J tpL> Vnddpy; mtHfs; mwpahjtHfshf
,Uf;fpwhHfs; vd;W u]_y; (]y;) mtHfs; $wpaij
ehd; ,g;NghJk; fhz;gijg; Nghy; ,Uf;fpwJ
vd;whHfs;. (G`hhp> K];ypk;)
NkYk; [{idJ gpd; Rg;ahd; (uyp) $WfpwhHfs;:

xU Aj;jj;jpd; NghJ egp (]y;) mtHfspd; xU tpuy;
,uj;jf; fhaj;jpw;F cs;shfpaJ> mg;NghJ mtHfs;
jkJ tpuiy Nehf;fp eP xU tpuy;jhd;
,uj;jf;fhaj;jpw;F cs;shf;fg;gl;lhNa jtpu>
,iwtdpd; ghijapy; ve;j xd;iwAk; (mjpfkhf)
re;jpf;ftpy;iy vd;W $wf;$batHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;.
(G`hhp> K];ypk;)
34
kdj;J}a;ik: my;yh`; Vtpajw;fpzq;f egp

(]y;) mtHfs; midj;J nray;fs;> tplaq;fspYk;
kdj;J}a;ikNahL nray;glf; $batHfshf
,Ue;jhHfs;. ,J gw;wp ,iwtd; $Wk;NghJ:
vd;Dila njhOif> tzf;f topghLfs;> tho;T>
kuzk; midj;JNk cyfj;jhupd; ghpghyfd;
my;yh`;Tf;Nf vd;W egpNa ePH $WtPuhf. (my;
md;Mk; 162-163)
ew;FzKk; md;whl tho;f;ifAk;: egp (]y;)

mtHfsJ Fzj;ijg;gw;wp md;dhuJ kidtp md;id
Map\h (uyp) mtHfsplk; tpdtg;gl;lNghJ: mtHfsJ
Fzk; my;FHMid gpujpgypg;gjhf ,Ue;jJ.
vd;whHfs; (m`;kj;). ,jd; mHj;jk; ahnjdpy; egp
(]y;) mtHfs; my;FHMDila Vty;fis mg;gbNa
Vw;W elf;ff; $batHfshfTk;> tpyf;fy;fis
mg;gbNa jtpHj;J elf;ff; $batHfshfTk;> rpwg;ghd
tplaq;fis filg;gpbf;ff; $batHfshfTk;>
khdf;Nflhdtw;iw iftplf;$btHfshfTk;
,Ue;jhHfs;. ,itfs; ntspg;gilahd> me;juq;fkhd
tplaq;fshf ,Ug;gpDk; rhpNa. ,jpy;
Mr;rhpag;gLtjw;F xd;Wkpy;iy Vnddpy;> mtHfs;
epr;rakhf my;yh`; vd;id rq;ifkpF gz;Gfis
G+Hj;jpahf;Ftjw;Fk;> mofpa nray;fis G+Hj;jpr;
nra;tjw;FNk vd;id egpahf mDg;gpAs;shd; vd;W
$wpdhHfs; my;yth?.(G`hhp> mjGy; Kg;uj;)
gj;J tUlq;fshf egp (]y;) mtHfSf;F

,uTk;> gfYk;> gpuahzj;jpYk;> Chpy; jq;fpapUf;Fk;
NghJk; gzpahsuhf ,Ue;j md]; (uyp) mtHfs;
$Wk; NghJ: egp (]y;) mtHfs; kdpjHfspNyNa
ew;Fzj;jpy; rpwe;jtHfshf ,Ue;jhH;fs; vd;whHfs;.
(G`hhp> K];ypk;)
35
NkYk; $wpdhHfs;: ehafk; (]y;) mtHfs;

ahiuAk; jpl;lf;$batHfshfNth> khdgq;fg;gLj;jf;
$batHfshfNth> Vrf;$batHfshf (J}w;wy;>
rgpj;jy;) ,Ue;jjpy;iy> mg;gb ahiuahtJ Fiw
$Wtjhapd; mtUf;F vd;d NeHe;jJ? mtuJ fz;
GUtk; ehrkhfptpl;ldth? vd;ghHfs; vd md]; (uyp)
$wpdhHfs;.
gz;G: ]`;y; gpd; ]/J (uyp) mtHfs;;

$wpdhHfs;: egp (]y;) mtHfSf;F ghy; nfhz;Lte;J
nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ> mjpypUe;J mtHfs; Fbj;J tpl;L
VidatHfSf;F nfhLf;f ehbaNghJ> jdJ
tyg;gf;fj;jpy; xU rpWtDk;> jdJ ,lJ Gwj;jpy;
nghpatHfSk; mkHe;jpUg;gijf; fz;lhHfs;> vdNt
Kjypy; nghpatHfSf;F nfhLg;gjw;fhf tyJ
gf;fj;jpy; mkHe;jpUe;j rpWtdplk; mDkjp Nfl;lhHfs;>
mjw;F mr;rpWtH ahu]_Yy;yh`; my;yh`;tpd; kPJ
Mizahf cq;fsplkpUe;J vdJ gq;if ahUf;Fk;
ehd; tpl;Lf;nfhLf;fkhl;Nld; vd;W $wpaJk; egp (]y;)
mr;rpWtdJ ifapNyNa mg;ghj;jpuj;ij
nfhLj;jhHfs;. (G`hhp> K];ypk;)
rPHjpUj;jthjp: ]`;y; gpd; ]/J (uyp);

mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;: Fgh thrpfs; jkf;F kj;jpapy;
gpur;rpid Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhz;L xUtUf;nfhUtH fw;fis
vwpe;J rz;ilapl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;> ,t;tplak; egp
(]y;) mtHfSf;F vj;jpitf;fg;gl;lNghJ> "vq;fis
mioj;Jf; nry;Yq;fs;> mtHfSf;F kj;jpapy;
rkhjhdk; nra;Jitg;Nghk;" vd;gjhff; $wpdhHfs;.
(G`hhp>K];ypk;)
36
ed;ikia VTjy; jPikia jLj;jy;:

mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; mg;gh]; (uyp) mwptpf;fpwhHfs;: jq;f
Nkhjpuk; mzpe;jpUe;j xUtiu egp (]y;) mtHfs;
fz;lNghJ mij mthplkpUe;J fise;J
vwpe;Jtpl;lhHfs;> NkYk; $wpdhHfs;: cq;fspy; xUtH
neUg;Gj;jdiy vLj;J jdJ ifapNy
itj;Jf;nfhs;fpwhH > gpd; egp (]y;) mtHfs;
mt;tplj;ijtpl;Lk; mfd;W nrd;w NghJ>
(mk;Nkhjpuj;ij) mzpe;jpUe;j kdpjUf;Ff; $wg;gl;lJ>
(vwpag;gl;l) ckJ Nkhjpuj;ij vLj;J NtW topfspy;
gpuNah[dk; mile;J nfhs;syhNk vd;W> mjw;F
mk;kdpjH $wpajhtJ: ,y;iy egp (]y;) mtHfs;
fise;njwpe;j mk;Nkhjpuj;ij my;yh`;tpd; kPJ
Mizahf ehd; vLf;fNt khl;Nld; vd;whH. (G`hhp>
K];ypk;)
Rj;jj;ij tpUk;Gjy;: my; K`h[pH gpd;

Fd;gj; (uyp) $wpdhHfs;: ehd; egp (]y;) mtHfsplk;
te;Njd;> mg;NghJ mtHfs; rpWePH
fopj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;> ehd; mtUf;F ]yhk;
nrhd;Ndd;: egp (]y;) mtHfs; TS nra;Ak; tiu
gjpy; nrhy;ytpy;iy> gpd;G vd;dplk; tUe;jptpl;L>
Rj;jkpy;yhj epiyapy; my;yh`;it epidT+l;Ltij
ehd; ntWj;Njd; vd;gjhfr; nrhd;dhHfs;. (mG+jhTj;)
ehitg;Ngzy;: mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; mgP mt;/gh

(uyp) mwptpf;fpwhHfs;: ehafk; (]y;) mtHfs; mjpfk;
jpf;H nra;af;$batHfshfTk;> tPz; Ngr;rpy;
FiwthdtHfshfTk;> njhOifia
ePl;lf;$batHfshfTk;> gpurq;fj;ij
RUf;ff;$batuhfTk; ,Ue;jhHfs;. NkYk;
tpjitfsplk;> vspatHfsplk; nrd;W mtHfspd;
Njitfis G+Hj;jp nra;J nfhLf;fj;
jaq;fkhl;lhHfs.; (md;eraP)
37
mjpf tzf;fk;: md;id Map\h (uyp)

mwptpf;fpwhHfs;: egp (]y;) mtHfs; jkJ ghjq;fs;
tPq;fptpLk; msTf;F ,utpy; epd;W ,iwtid
tzq;ff;$batHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;> mjid
mtjhdpj;j md;id Map\h (uyp) my;yh`;tpd;
J}jNu> Vd; ,t;thW nra;fpwPHfs;? cq;fspd; Kd; gpd;
ghtq;fisj;jhd; my;yh`; kd;dpj;Jtpl;lhNd vd;W
$wpdhHfs;> mjw;F egp (]y;) md;id Map\hitg;
ghHj;J> my;yh`;Tf;F ed;wpAs;s xU mbikahf
,Ug;gij ehd; tpUk;gf;$lhjh? vd;W $wpdhHfs;.
kpUJthd jd;ikAk;> ,uf;f rpe;ijAk;: mG+

`_iuuh (uyp) $WfpwhHfs;: njs]P Fyj;ijr; NrHe;j
mj;Jigy; ,g;D mk;UTk;> mtuJ rpy NjhoHfSk;
egp (]y;) mtHfsplk; te;J ,iwtdpd; J}jNu>
epr;rakhf njs]P Fyj;jtH cq;fs; miog;ig Vw;f
kWj;Jk;> NkYk; jtWfSk; Ghpe;J tUfpd;wdH> vdNt
mtHfis J}w;Wq;fs; (rgpAq;fs;) vd;wJk; mq;fpUe;j
rpyH njs]P Fyj;jhUf;F mopTjhd; vd;wdH.
mg;NghJ egp (]y;) mtHfs;> ah my;yh`; njs]P
Fyj;jtUf;F NeHtopfhl;L> NkYk; mtHfis
,k;khHf;fj;jpd; gf;fk; nfhz;Lth vd;W
gpuhHj;jpj;jhHfs;. (G`hhp> K];ypk;)
mofpa Njhw;wk;:
guh/ ,g;D Mrpg; (uyp)
$wpdhHfs;: egp (]y;) mtHfs; msthd cauKk;>
tphpe;j Njhs; G[Kk;> fhJr;Nrhiidia
njhLksTf;F Kb nfhz;ltuhf ,Ue;jhHfs;. NkYk;
ehd; mtHfis nre;epw Nt\;bapYk;> rl;ilapYk;
fz;Nld;> mtHfis tpl mofhd xUtiu ehd;
fz;lNjapy;iy vd;gjhf.
cyfg;gw;ww;w jd;ik: mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D

k];Cj; (uyp) $wpdhHfs;: egp (]y;) mtHfs; xU
38
<r;rk; ghapd; kPJ gLj;jpUe;J vOe;jhHfs;> mg;NghJ

mtHfsJ Nkdpapy; mjd; RtL gjpe;jpUg;gijf; fz;l
ehq;fs; my;yh`;tpd; J}jNu! cq;fSf;fhf xU gQ;R
tphpg;ig jahH nra;J jul;Lkh? vdf; $wpNdhk;>
,jidf; Nfl;l mtHfs; vdf;Fk; Jd;ahTf;Fk;
(cyfj;jpw;Fk;) vd;d ,Uf;fpwJ? Jd;ahtpy; vdJ
epyik xU gpuahzpia xj;jjhFk;> gpuahzk;
nra;gtd; ,isg;ghWtjw;fhf Ntz;b xU
kuj;jpdbapy; rpwpJ Neuk; Xa;T vLj;J(jq;fp)
tpl;L>(gpuahzj;ij njhlHtjw;fhf) gpd;G mk;kuj;ij
tpl;L nrd;W tpLthd; vd;whHfs;. (jpHkpjp)
mk;U ,g;D `hhp]; (uyp) $wpdhHfs;: egp

(]y;) mtHfs; kuzpj;j NghJ gzk;> fhR (jpH`k;>
jPdhiuNah) jq;fk;> nts;sp ehzaq;fisNah>
mbikg; ngz;izNah> MizNah
tpl;Lr;nry;ytpy;iy. jtpu mtHfsJ ntz;zpw
fOijiaAk;> Aj;j MAjq;fisANk
tpl;Lr;nrd;whHfs;. (ifghpy;) xU Njhl;lk; ,Ue;jJ>
mijAk; $l igJy;khYf;F jHkk; nra;J
tpl;bUe;jhHfs;. (G`hhp)
jd; Njitia tpl;Lf;nfhLj;jy;: ]`;y;

,g;D ]/mj; (uyp) $wpdhHfs;: xU ngz;kzp GHjh
xd;iwf; nfhz;L te;jhHfs;> GHjh vd;why;
vd;dntd;W mq;fpUe;jtHfs; Nfl;lhHfs;> Mk;!
iffshy; nea;ag;gl;l xU Mil vd;W $wg;gl;lJ.
,iwtdpd; J}jNu> ,t;thilia ehNd vdJ
iffshy; nea;Njd; vd;W $wp ,ij ePq;fs; mzpe;J
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W Ntz;bf;nfhz;lhHfs;. vdNt
egp (]y;) mtHfs; (MHtj;NjhL)> NjitNahL vLj;J
mij Nt\;bahf mzpe;jtHfshf vq;fsplk;
te;jhHfs;. mg;NghJ mq;fpUe;j xUtH ,iwtdpd;
J}jNu mij vdf;F mzptpg;gPHfsh? vd;W Nfl;lhH>
39
Mk; vd;W $wpatHfshf egp (]y;) mtHfs; jkJ

mkHtplj;jpypUe;J vOe;J nrd;W mt;Nt\;bia
fise;J> mjid Nfl;ltUf;F nfhLj;jDg;gpdhHfs;.
,jid mtjhdpj;j mf;$l;lj;jpYs;s rpyH ePH
Nfl;lJ nfhQ;rk; $l rhpay;y> cdf;Fj; njhpAk; egp
(]y;) mtHfs; Nfl;fg;gl;l xd;iw
kWf;fkhl;lhHfnsd;W vd;gjhf> mg;NghJ mk;kdpjH
$wpdhH: my;yh`;tpd; kPJ Mizahf ehd;
kuzpj;jhy; ,J vdJ f/gd; Jzpahf ,Uf;f
Ntz;Lnkd;gjw;fhNt Nfl;Nld; vd;gjhf. mk;kdpjH
kuzpj;jNghJ mg;GHjhNt (mg;NghHitNa) mtUf;Ff;
f/gdhf ,Ue;jJ vd;gjhf ]`;y; (uyp) $wpdhHfs;.
(G`hhp)
cWjpahd ,iwek;gpf;ifAk; (jtf;Fy;)>

my;yh`;itNa rhHe;jpUj;jYk;: mG+gf;H (uyp)
$wpdhHfs;: ehDk; egp (]y;) mtHfSk; rt;H
Fifapy; kiwe;jpUe;j rkak;> vq;fis N;jb te;j
vjphpfspd; ghjq;fis kpf mUfhikapy; fz;Nld;>
mr;rkaj;jpy; ehd; ,iwtdpd; J}jNu! mtHfspy;
xUtd; Fdpe;J mtd; ghjj;jpid Nehf;fpdhy; ek;ik
fz;LtpLthd; vd;Nwd;> mjw;F egp (]y;) mtHfs;
mG+gf;fNu! ek;kpUtNuhL %d;whktdhf my;yh`;
,Ug;gijg;gw;wp ckJ mgpg;gpuhankd;d? vd;W
Nfl;lhHfs;. (G`hhp> K];ypk;)
md;Gk; ghrKk;: mG+ fjhjh (uyp)

$WfpwhHfs;: egp (]y;) mtHfs; vq;fSf;F njhOif
elhj;Jtjw;fhf te;jhHfs;> mtHfspd; Njhspd; kPJ
mGy; M]pd; kfs; ckhkh (cikkh) vd;w
Foe;ijia Rke;jpUe;jhHfs;. vdNt mtHfs;
njhOifapy; U$ nra;fpd;w NghJ fPNo itg;ghHfs;>
mtHfs; U$tpy; ,Ue;J epiyf;F te;jhy; kPz;Lk;
40
J}f;fp Njhspy; itj;Jf; nfhs;thHfs;.

(G`hhp>K];ypk;)
,yF gLj;jy;: md]; uyp mwptpf;fpwhHfs;:

ehafk; (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;> ehd; njhOifia
ePl;l Ntz;Lnkd;w vz;zj;jpy; njhOiff;Fs;
EioNtd;. mg;NghJ (njhOiff;F r%fk; je;jpUf;Fk;
jha;khHfspd; Foe;ijfs; mOk; rj;jj;ij ehd;
Nfl;lhy;> ehd; njhOifia RUf;fp tpLNtd;>
Vnddpy; Foe;ijfspd; mOFuiyf; Nfl;lhy; xU
jhapd; cs;sk; vd;d ghLgLk; vd;gij ehd; mwpNtd;
vd;whHfs;.
NgZjy;: mG `_iuuh (uyp) $WfpwhHfs;:

ehafk; (]y;) mtHfs; $wpajhf> epr;rakhf ehd;
vdJ kidtpahplj;jpy; nry;Ntd;> mg;NghJ vdJ
tphpg;gpd; kPJ <r;rk; goq;fs; tpOe;J fplf;Fk;> mjid
rhg;gpLtjw;fhf vdJ tha;fF ; caHj;JNtd; gpd; mJ
]jfhit (]fhj;ij)r; NrHe;j <r;rk; gokhf
,Uf;FNkh vd;w mr;rk; tUk; mjid mg;gbNa
rhg;gplhky; Nghl;LtpLNtd; vd;gjhf mwptpf;fpwhHfs;.
(G`hhp> K];ypk;)
my;yh`;tpd; ghijapy; nrytply;: md];

(uyp) $WfpwhHfs;: ,];yhj;ij jOt
Ntz;Lnkd;gjw;fhf vjidf; Nfl;lhYk; u]_y; (]y;)
mtHfs; nfhLj;JtpLthHfs;> `{idd; Aj;jj;jpw;F
gpd; egp (]y;) mtHfsplk; xU kdpjH te;jhH
mtUf;F ,uz;L kiyf;F ,ilg;gl;l msT MLfis
nfhLj;jhHfs;> mtH jkJ r%fj;jpdhplk; nrd;W vdJ
r%fj;jpdNu! ,];yhj;ij jOTq;fs; epr;rakhf
K`k;kj; tWikia mQ;rhky; ,Uf;Fkstpw;F jHkk;
toq;FfpwhH vd;gjhff; $wpdhH. (K];ypk;)
41
gpwUf;F cjTjiy tpUk;Gjy;:md;id

Map\h (uyp) mtHfsplk; egp (]y;) tPl;by; ,Uf;Fk;
NghJ vd;d nra;J nfhz;bUg;ghHfs;? vd;W
tpdtg;gl;l NghJ> tPl;L Ntiyfspy; jkJ
kidtpaUf;F cjtp nra;gtHfshf ,Ug;ghHfs;.
Mdhy; njhOif Neuk; te;Jtpl;lhy; mjw;fhfr;
nrd;WtpLthHfs; vd;gjhf mwptpf;fpwhHfs;. (G`hhp)
NkYk; guh/ gpd; M]pg; (uyp) $WfpwhHfs;: egp

(]y;); mtHfs; mfo; NghUf;fhf Ntz;b> mfop
Njhz;bf; nfhz;bUe;j ehsd;W ehd; fz;Nld;>
mtHfs; kz;izr; Rke;J nrd;W
nfhl;lf;$batHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;. mtHfs; mlHe;j
KbAs;stHfshf ,Ue;j fhuzj;jhy; mtHfsJ
khHGg; gFjpapYs;s Nuhkq;fis kz; %b ,Ue;jJ.
NkYk; mtHfs; mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; uth`h (uyp)
mtHfs; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;bUe;j ftpij mbfis gpd;
njhlHe;J nrhy;ypa tz;zkpUe;jhHfs;:
vq;fs; ,iwtNd! eP ,y;iynad;why; ehq;fs;
NeHtop ngw;wpUf;f khl;Nlhk;>
NkYk; ehq;fs; njhof;$batHfshfNth> jHkk;
nfhLf;ff;$batHfshfNth ,Ue;jpUf;fkhl;Nlhk;>
vdNt vq;fs; kPJ kd mikjpia ,wf;fp
itg;ghahf!
vjphpfis re;jpf;Fk; Ntisapy; vq;fs;
ghjq;fis cWjpahf;fp itg;ghahf!
epr;rakhf vjphpfs; vq;fs; kPJ tuk;G fle;J
tpl;lhHfs; .
mtHfs; Fog;gk; tpistpf;f ehbdhy; vq;fis
tpl;Lk; mijj; jLg;ghahf. (G`hhp> K];ypk;)
cz;ik : ngha; NgRtij tpl kpff;Nfhgj;ij

Vw;gLj;Jk; xU nray; egp (]y;) mtHfsplk;
,Ue;jjpy;iy. xUtH egp (]y;) mtHfSf;F kj;jpapy;
42
ngha;Aiuj;J tpl;lhy;> mtH mjw;fhf (jt;/gh)

ghtkd;dpg;G Nfl;fhjtiu mtiug;gw;wpa epidT
mtHfSf;F ,Ue;J nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fnkd;gjhf
md;id Map\h (uyp) mtHfs; njhptpf;fpwhHfs;.
(jpHkpjp)
mtHfspd;; giftHfs; $l mtHfis

cz;ikahsH vd;W rhd;W gfd;Ws;sdH> egp (]y;)
mtHfSf;F kpff;fLk; vjphpahf ,Ue;j me;j mG+
[`y; $l> xUehs; egp (]y;) mtHfis Nehf;fpf;
$wpdhd;: K`k;kNj! ePH ngha;aH vd;W ehd;
$wkhl;Nld;> ,Ue;Jk; ePH (,iwthf;F) vd;W xd;iw
$Wfpd;wPNu> mjidAk; ePH mjd; gf;fk;
miog;gijANk ngha;nad;W ehd; kWf;fpd;Nwd;
vd;gjhff; $wpAs;shd;.
,f;$w;iw fz;bj;J my;yh`; ,t;thW

$Wfpd;whd;: egpNa! ,tHfs; Gide;J $Wgit
jpz;zkhf ck;ikf; ftiyapy; Mo;j;Jfpd;wd
vd;gij ehk; mwpNthk;> Mdhy; cz;ikapy; mtHfs;
(,t;tf;fpukf;fhuHfs;) my;yh`;tpd; trdq;fisNa
kWf;fpd;wdH. (my; md;Mk; 33)
my;yh`;tpd; tiuaiufis kfj;Jtg;

gLj;jy;: md;id Map\h (uyp) mtHfs; $WfpwhHfs;:
ghtkpy;iy vd;w ,U tplaq;fspy; xd;iw Njh;T
nra;Ak;gb egp (]y;) mtHfSf;F chpik
toq;fg;gl;lhy;> kpfTk; ,Nyrhdij NjHT
nra;thHfs;> ghtkhf ,Ug;gpd; mt;tpU
tplaq;fspypUe;Jk; kpff;J}ukhfp tpLthHfs;
my;yh`;tpd; kPJ Mziahf mtHfs; jdf;fhf ve;j
xd;Wf;Fk; gop jPHj;jJ fpilahJ> Mdhy;
my;yh`;tpd; tplankhd;iw ahuhtJ gq;fg;gLj;jpdhy;
43
my;yh`;Tf;fhf Ntz;b gop jPHj;Nj MthHfs;.

(G`hhp> K];ypk;)
KfkyHr;rp: mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; `hhp]; (uyp)

$WfpwhHfs;: egp (]y;) mtHfis tplTk; mjpf
Gd;KWty; G+j;j xUtiu ehd; fz;ljpy;iy. (jpHkpjp)
ek;gpf;ifAk; (ehzak;) thf;if

epiwNtw;wYk; : egp (]y;) mtHfspd; ek;gpf;if
ehzaj;jpd; ufNk jdp vd;Wjhd; $wNtz;Lk;. egp
(]y;) mtHfSf;Fk; md;dhiu J}juhf Vw;w mtuJ
NjhoHfSf;Fk; ,iltplhJ njhy;iyfSk;>
Jd;gq;fSk; nfhLj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;j me;j kf;fj;Jf;
fh/gpHfs;$l jkJ nghUl;fisAk;> mlkhdq;fisAk;
egp (]y;) mtHfsplNk ghJfhg;Gf;fUjp mkhdpjk;
itj;jpUe;jhHfs;.
egp (]y;) mtHfs; Fiu\pfs; jug;gpypUe;J

rkhjhd cld; gbf;iff;fhf te;jpUe;j Ri`y; gpd;
mk;H vd;gtdplk; nra;J nfhz;l cld;gbf;iff;F
kj;jpapy; kf;fh efhpy; vQ;rpapUf;Fk; K];ypk;fspy;
xUtiuAk; K];ypk;fs; jk;Kld; mioj;Jr;
nry;yf;$lhJ K];ypk; xUtH kf;fh efUf;F jpUk;gp
tu tpUk;gpdhy; mtiuj; jLf;ff;$lhJ NkYk; ,iw
kWg;ghsHfs; my;yJ K];ypk;fspy; vtNuDk; kjPdh
efUf;F te;J tpl;lhy; mtiu kf;fh efUf;F jpUg;gp
mDg;gptpl Ntz;Lk; Mdhy; K];ypk;fs; vtuhtJ
kf;fh efUf;F nrd;why; mtH jpUg;gp
mDg;gg;glkhl;lhH vd;w ,e;j epge;jidAkhFk;.
,e;epge;jid K];ypk;fSf;F kj;jpapy; ngUk;
Mj;jpuj;ijAk; Nfhgj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;jpaJ> ,Ue;j
NghJk; egp (]y;) ,jw;F rk;kjpj;jhHfs;.
44
,g;NghJjhd; rkhjhd cld;gbf;ifg;

gj;jpuj;ij vOjpf;nfhz;bUf;fpwhHfs; jw;nrayhf
Fiu\pg; gpujpepjp Ri`ypd; kfdhH mG+[e;jy; (uyp)
mtHfs; kf;fh efhpypUe;J vg;gbNah jg;gpNahb ,e;j
,lj;jpw;F te;J NrHe;J tpl;lhHfs;> tpyq;Ffis
mzpe;J nfhz;L K];ypk;fspd; Kd;dhy; te;J
tpOe;J tpl;lhHfs;> midtUf;Fk; jk; ghpjhg
epiyia vLj;Jiuj;jhHfs; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhz;l
Fw;wj;jpw;fhf jz;lidahf mtHfSf;F vg;gbg;gl;l
nfhLikfs; ,iof;fgl;L te;jd vd;W vLj;Jf;
$wpdhHfs;> mG+[e;jy; mz;zyhhplk; ehafNk!
vd;id ,iwkWg;ghsHfsplkpUe;J tpLtpj;J
jq;fSld; mioj;Jr;nry;Yq;fs; vd;W nfQ;rpdhHfs;
,jidf; fz;l Ri`y; rkhjhd xg;ge;jj;ij
epiwNtw;wpl ,JNt rpwe;j re;jHg;gkhFk;
xg;ge;jj;jpd;gb jhq;fs; mG+[e;jiy jq;fSld;
mioj;J nry;yKbahJ vd;W $wpdhH. ,J kpfr;
rpf;fyhd xU Neukhf ,Ue;jJ> xU Gwk;
cld;gbf;ifia kjpj;J elf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ
kw;nwhUGwk; epuguhjpahd xU K];ypkpd; kPJ mtH
,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;l xNu fhuzj;jpw;fhf
nfhLik ,iof;fg;gLk; gpur;rid Kd; epd;wJ> NkYk;
mG+[e;jy; vd; K];ypk; rNfhjuHfNs! ePq;fs; vd;id
,iwkWg;ghsHfspd; ifapy; xg;gilf;f
tpUk;GfpwPHfsh? vd;W nfQ;rpf;nfhz;bUe;jhH ,Ue;j
NghjpYk; egp (]y;) mtHfs; cld; gbf;iff;F
,zq;f mG+[e;jiy Ri`Yld; jpUg;gp kf;fhTf;F
mDg;gpitj;jhHfs;.
cq;fisg;Nghy; nfhLikf;Fs;shdtHfSf;F
my;yh`; xU tpbitf; fhl;Lthd; ,g;NghJ rkhjhd
cld;gbf;if Vw;gl;Ltpl;lJ ,dp ehk; mtHfsplk;
xg;ge;jj;ij Kwpf;fNth mjw;F vjpuhf nray;glNth
KbahJ vd;Wk; $wpdhHfs;. (m`;kj;)
45
gpd;dH egp ]y; mtHfs; kjPdhTf;F jpUk;gp

te;j gpwF mG+ g\PH vd;gtH (,tH kf;fhthrp
,];yhj;ijj; jOtpapUe;jhH) jd;idAk; jdJ
<khidAk; ghJfhj;Jf;nfhs;s kjPdhtpy; jQ;rk;
GFe;jhHfs; ,tiu mioj;JtUk;gb Fiu\pfs;
,Utiu kjPdhTf;F mDg;gpitf;fpd;wdH. ,tHfs;
egp (]y;) mtHfsplj;jpy; te;J ekf;F kj;jpapy;
nra;J nfhz;l cld;gbf;ifapd; gb mG+ g\Piu
jk;NkhL jpUg;gp mDg;Gk;gb $wpdhHfs;. egp (]y;)
mtHfSk; ,tiu mtHfsplk; xg;gilj;Jtpl;lhHfs;.
tPuKk; jLkhw;wkpd;ikAk;: myp (uyp)

mtHfs; $WfpwhHfs;: gj;Ug;NghH jpdj;jd;W egp
(]y;) mtHfs; kpf tPukpf;f epiyapy; vjphpfSf;F
kpf mz;ikahf ,Ue;jhHfs;> md;W ehq;fnsy;yhk;
egp (]y;) mtHfisf; nfhz;L ghJfhg;Gg; ngw;Wf;
nfhz;bUe;jij ePH fhz;gPH vd;gjhf . NghHfsk;
my;yhj ,lq;fspy; mtHfsJ tPuk; vj;jifaJ
vd;gijg;gw;wp md]; (uyp) gpd; tUkhW
tpthpf;fpwhHfs;: egpfs; ehafk; (]y;) mtHfs; kpfTk;
moF gilj;jtHfshfTk;>kpfg;ngUk; tPuuhfTk;
jpfo;e;jdH.xU ehs; kjPdhthrpfs; jpLf;fpl;ldH clNd
tPl;il tpl;L ntspNawp (jpLf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpa)
rg;jk; te;j jpiria Nehf;fp Gwg;gl;ldH.mg;NghJ
egpfs; ehafk; (]y;) mtHfs; jkJ fOj;jpy;
thisj; njhq;ftpl;L>mG+ jy;`h (uyp) mtHfspd;
Nrdk; G+l;lg;glhj Fjpiuapd; vjphpy;
te;jdH.mQ;rhjPHfs;! mQ;rhjPHfs;! vd;W
$wpf;nfhz;Nl te;jdH (Ntfj;jpy;) ,f; Fjpiu flyhf
,Uf;fpwJ vdTk; Fwpg;gpl;ldH. (G`hhp)
46
vdNt egp (]y;) mtHfs; mf;fhhpUspy; $l

epyikia mwpe;J tu jk;NkhL ahUk; $l
tuNtz;Lnkd vjpHghHj;jpuhky; jd;de;jdp kdpjuhf
nrd;W te;jhHfs;.
,J Nghy; c`j; Aj;jj;jpd; NghJ egp (]y;)

mtHfs; jdJ NjhoHfsplk; k\_uh (MNyhrid)
nra;jhHfs;> NjhoHfs; Aj;jk; nra;a Ntz;Lnkd;W
MNyhrid toq;fpdhHfs; Mdhy; egp (]y;)
mtHfspd; KbT ,jw;F khw;wkhf ,Ue;Jk;
MNyhridf;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;lhHfs;> gpd;dH NjhoHfs; egp
(]y;) mtHfspd; KbT jkJ KbTf;F khw;wkhdjhf
,Ue;jij mwpe;j NghJ if Nrjg;gl;lhHfs;> vdNt
md;rhhpfshd kjpdhthrpfs; ehk; egp (]y;)
mtHfspd; Kbit kWj;J tpl;NlhNk! vd;W
$wpatHfshf egp (]y;) mtHfsplk; te;J ,iwtdpd;
J}jNu! mg;gbahapd; cq;fs; tplak; vd;wNghJ>
epr;rakhf ve;j xU egpf;Fk; mtH Aj;jk;
nra;tjw;fhd mzpfyd;fis mzpe;Jtpl;lhy; Aj;jk;
KbAk; tiu mijf; fistjw;F chpikapy;iy
vd;whHfs;. (m`;kj;)
nfhilAk; jHkKk;: ,g;D mg;gh]; (uyp)

mtHfs; $WfpwhHfs;: egp (]y;); mtHfs; kdpjHfspy;
kpfg;ngUk; nfhilts;syhf ,Ue;jhHfs;> Fwpg;ghf
ukshd; khjk; [pg;hPy; (miy) mtHfs; re;jpf;fpd;w
Ntisfspy; kpfTk; nfhil nfhLf;fpd;w ts;syha;
jpfo;e;jhHfs;: [pg;hPy; (miy) mtHfs; ukshd;
khjj;jpd; xt;nthU ,utpYk; egp (]y;) mtHfisr;
re;jpj;J (mJ tiu mUsg;gl;bUe;j) my;FHMid
njhlHe;J XJk; tof;fKilatHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;.
njhlHe;J tPRk; fhw;iw tpl Ntfkhf egp (]y;)
mtHfs; ey;y fhhpaq;fspy; kpf mjpfkhf thhp
47
toq;Fk; nfhil ts;syhfNt jpfo;e;jhHfs;. (G`hhp>

K];ypk;)
mG+jH (uyp) $WfpwhHfs;: ehd; egp (]y;)

mtHfSld; ghiwfs; epiwe;j kjPdhtpd; `Huhg;
gFjpapy; ,\h (,uT) Neuj;jpy;ele;J nrd;W
nfhz;bUe;j NghJ c`j; kiy vq;fis
vjpHnfhz;lJ mg;NghJ egp (]y;) mtHfs; mG+jHNu!
,e;j c`j; kiy vdf;fhf jq;fkhf khwp
mjpypUe;J xNunahU jPdhH (nghw;fhR) vd;dplk;
,Ue;jhYk; mij my;yh`;tpd; mbahHfspilNa
,g;gb ,g;gbnay;yhk; nrytplhky; XH,uT my;yJ
%d;W ,uTfs; fope;J nry;tijf;$l ehd;
tpUk;gkhl;Nld;. flid milg;gjw;fhf ehd; vLj;J
itf;fpd;w jPdhiuj; jtpu vd;W nrhd;dhHfs; (,e;j
,lj;jpy; mG+jH) jkJ iffshy; (tyJ ,lJ Kd;
Mfpa gf;fq;fspy; irif nra;J fhl;bdhHfs;.
(G`hhp)
[hgpH ,g;D mg;Jy;yh`; (uyp) $WfpwhHfs;:

egp (]y;) mtHfsplj;jpy; ve;j xU nghUisAk;
Nfl;L mtHfs; ,y;iy vd;W vd;WNk nrhd;djpy;iy.
(G`hhp)
ntl;fk;: mG+ ]aPj; my; Fj;hp (uyp) mtHfs;

$wpajhtJ: egp (]y;) mtHfs; jpiuf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk;
fd;dpg;ngz;iz tplTk; mjpf ntl;fKilatHfshf
,Ue;jhHfs;. NkYk; egp (]y;) mtHfs; vijahtJ
ntWj;jhy; mJ mtHfSila Kfj;jpy; njhpe;J tpLk;
vd;W mjpfg;gbahf mwptpj;Js;shHfs;. (G`hhp>
K];ypk;)
48
gzpT: egp (]y;) mtHfs; kdpjHfspNyNa

mjpfk; gzpTj;jd;ikAilatHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs; ve;j
msTf;nfdpy; gs;spthapYf;Fs; ,tHfSk; ,tHfsJ
NjhoHfSk; xd;whf mkHe;jpUg;ghHfs;> Gjpjhf
,tiuj;Njb tUgtH ,thpd; mjpf gzptpd; fhuzkhf
NjhoHfSf;F kj;jpapy; ahH K`k;kJ egp (]y;) vd
gphpj;jwpe;J nfhs;skhl;lhH.
,J gw;wp md]; (uyp) $WfpwhHfs;: xU ehs;

jpdk; gs;spthaypDs; egp (]y;); mtHfNshL xd;whf
mkHe;jpUe;Njhk; mr;rkak; xU kdpjH xl;lfj;jpy;
te;J mjpypUe;J ,wq;fp xl;lfj;ij fl;btpl;L
mq;fpUe;jtHfsplk; cq;fspy; K`k;kJ (]y;)
vd;gtH ahH? vd;whH egp (]y;) mtHfNsh jkJ
NjhoHfSf;F kj;jpapy; rha;e;jkHe;J
nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;> mg;NghJ ehq;fs; nrhd;Ndhk;
rha;e;jkHe;jpUf;Fk; ,Njh ,e;j nts;is kdpjHjhd;
vd;W. (G`hhp> K];ypk;)
NkYk; egp (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ gzptpd;

fhuzkhf NjitAilatHfs; gytPdkhdtHfs; Vio
vspatHfNshL nrd;W mtHfspd; Njitfis
epiwNtw;wpf; nfhLf;fj; jaq;;fNth gpd;thq;fNth
khl;lhHfs;. ,J gw;wp md]; (uyp) $WfpwhHfs;:
kjPdhitr; NrHe;j xU ngz;kzp egp (]y;)
mtHfsplk; te;J ,iwtdpd; J}jNu! ePq;fs;
vdf;nfhU cjtp nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;W $wpdhs;>
mjw;Fmg;ngz;kzpia Nehf;fp egp (]y;) mtHfs;
kjPdhtpd; ve;jj; njUtpy; cq;fs; Njit ,Uf;fpwJ
mwptpAq;fs;! ehd; te;J mij epiwNtw;wpj; jUfpNwd;
vd;W nrhy;yptpl;L mg;ngz;kzpapd; Njit KbAk;
tiu rpy njUf;fspNy $lNt ,Ue;jhHfs;. (K];ypk;)
49
,uf;fk;: mG+ k];Cj; my; md;]hhp (uyp)

mwptpf;fpwhHfs;: xU kdpjH egp (]y;) mtHfsplk;
te;J ,iwtdpd; J}jNu fhiy Neuj; njhOifia
ePl;bj; njhOtpf;fpd;w xU kdpjUf;fhf Ntz;b ehd;
mf;fhiy Neuj;njhOiff;F jhkjkhfpr; nry;fpNwd;
vd;W $wpdhH> mG+ k];Cj; $WfpwhHfs;: md;iwa
jpdj;ijg; Nghy; fLikahd Nfhgj;NjhL cgNjrk;
nra;af;$batHfshf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mth;fis
ehd; fz;lNj ,y;iy> gpd;dH egp (]y;) mtHfs;
kf;fNs! epr;rakhf kf;fis f\;lj;jpw;F cs;shf;ff;
$batHfs; cq;fspy; ,Uf;fpd;wPHfs;> vdNt
cq;fspy; ahuhtJ kf;fSf;F njhOif elj;jpdhy;
mij RUf;fpf; nfhs;sl;Lk;! Vnddpy;
njhof;$bath;fSs; NjitAilatHfs;>
gytPdkhdtHfs;> Nehahsp Nghd;NwhH ,Ug;gH
vd;gjhf $wpdhHfs;. (G`hhp> K];ypk;)
NkYk; c]hkh gpd; n[a;j; (i]a;j;) uyp

$wpajhtJ: jk;kfd; kuzj;jUthapy; ,Ug;gjhy;
clNd tUk;gb egp (]y;) mtHfspd; kfs; i[dg;
(uyp) egp mtHfSf;F nra;jp mDg;gpdhH egp (]y;)
mtHfs; jk;kfSf;F ]yhk; $wp mDg;gpaNjhL
vLj;jJk; nfhLj;jJk; my;yh`;Tf;Nf>
xt;nthd;Wf;Fk; mtdplk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l jtizAz;L
vdNt nghWikiaf; nfhz;L ed;ikia
vjpHghHg;gPuhf! vd;Wk; $wp mDg;gpdhHfs;> mg;NghJ
mtHfspd; kfs; my;yh`;tpd; kPJ Mizapl;L
fz;bg;ghf tu Ntz;Lnkd $wp mDg;gpdhHfs;>
clNd egp (]y;) mtHfs; vOe;jhHfs; mtHfSld;
]/J gpd; cghjh> KMj; gpd; [gy;> cig gpd;
fmG> i]j; ,g;D ]hgpj; MfpNahHfSk; kw;Wk;
gyUk; vOe;jdH tPl;Lf;Fr;nrd;w egp (]y;)
mtHfsplk; Rthrpf;f Kbahky; jpzwpf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;
Foe;ijiaf; fhl;bdhHfs;> ,w;Wg;Nghd gioa
50
Njhy;JUj;jpNghy; Foe;ijapd; khHG Vwp ,wq;fpaJ

egp (]y;) mtHfspd; fz;fs; ePH nrhwpe;jd
my;yh`;tpd; J}jNu vd;d ,J (mOfpwPHfs;) vd
]mj; (uyp) Nfl;lhHfs;> mjw;F egp (]y;); mtHfs;
,J my;yh`; jd; mbahHfspd; cs;sq;fspy;
Vw;gLj;jpa ,uf;f czHthFk;> epr;rakhf my;yh`;
jd; mbahHfspy; ,uf;fKilatHfSf;Nf ,uf;fk;
fhl;Lfpwhd; vd;whHfs;. (G`hhp> K];ypk;)
rfpg;Gk; kd;dpj;jYk;;: md]; gpd; khypf;

(uyp) mtHfs; $wpajhtJ: ehd; egp (]y;)
mtHfSld; ele;J nrd;W nfhz;bUe;Njd; mg;NghJ
mtHfs; gf;fk; jbj;j e[;uhd; (vkd;) ehl;bd; rhy;it
xd;iw NghHj;jp ,Ue;jhHfs;> mg;NghJ fpuhkthrp
xUtH mtHfisf; fz;L me;j rhy;itia Ntfkhf
,Oj;jhH> ve;j msTf;nfd;why; me;;j fpuhkthrp
Ntfkhf ,Oj;jjhy; rhy;itapd; Xug;gFjp egp (]y;)
mtHfSila Njhspd; xU %iyapy; fhak; Vw;gLj;jp
milahsk; gjpe;jpUg;gij ehd; fz;Nld; gpwF
mth;fs; egp (]y;) mtHfsplk; jhq;fsplKs;s
my;yh`;tpd; nry;tj;jpypUe;J vdf;Ff; nfhLf;Fk;gb
fl;lisapLq;fs; vd;W $wp;dhH> clNd egp (]y;)
mtHfs; mtiuj; jpUk;gpg;ghHj;Jr; rphpj;J tpl;L gpwF
mtUf;F nfhLf;Fk;gb cj;jutpl;lhHfs;. (G`hhp>
K];ypk;)
tpNtfj;jpw;F cjhuzk;: i[j; ,g;D rf;dh

(r/dh) uyp mtHfspd; `jP]hFk;: ,tH A+j
kjFUthf ,Ue;jtH ,thplk; egp (]y;) mtHfs;
Gjpjhf ,];yhj;ij Vw;wpUe;j rpyhpd; Njitia
epiwNtw;w fld; thq;fpapUe;jhHfs; i[J $WfpwhH:
flid jpUg;gpj;jUtjw;fhd jtizf;F ,uz;L
my;yJ %d;W ehl;fSf;F Kd;dH egp (]y;)
mtHfSk; mtuJ NjhoHfshd mG+ gf;fH> ckH>
51
c];khd; ,d;Dk; mtuJ NjhoHfSk; kjPdh thrp

xUthpd; ika;apj;jpy; fye;J nfhs;s te;jpUe;jhHfs;
mtuJ ika;apj; njhOifia Kbe;jgpd; egp (]y;)
mtHfs; xU Rtu; mUNf Fdpe;J mjd; kPJ
mkHe;jNghJ> ehd; mtuJ rl;ilf; fhyiu gpbj;J
fLfLj;j Kfj;NjhL mtiu Nehf;fp gpd;tUkhW
$wyhNdd;: K`k;kNj! vd;Dila flid ePH
epiwNtw;w khl;Buh? my;yh`;tpd; kPJ Mizahf
mg;Jy; Kj;jypg; FLk;gj;jpdH ck;ikg;Nghy; flid
jhkjg;gLj;jkhl;lhHfs;> Vnddpy; mtHfNshL ehd;
fye;J gofpapUf;fpNwd; vd;W $wptpl;L ckiu
ghHj;Njd;> mtUila Kfj;jpy; fz;fspuz;Lk;
Nfhgj;jhy; gpJq;fp; Nfhy; Nghy; tl;lkhf Mfptpl;l
epiyapd; gpd; mtuJ ghHitahy; vd;id Nehf;fpdhH>
NkYk; $wpdhH: Va; my;yh`;tpd; tpNuhjpNa! ehd;
ghHf;ff;$ba tpjkhf ,iwtdpd; J}jUf;F vd;d
nrhd;dha;! vd;d nra;jha;!... my;yh`;tpd; kPJ
Mizahf vd; thshy; cd; jiyia rPtpapUg;Ngd;
vd;W fH[pg;gij egp (]y;) mtHfs; mikjpahfTk;
mlf;fkhfTk; ghHj;J tpl;L ckiu Nehf;fpf;
$wpdhHfs;: ckNu! ehk; ck;kplj;jpypUe;J ,jw;F
khw;wkhd gjpiyay;yth vjpHghHj;Njhk;.
"mjhtJ rpwe;j Kiwapy; flid jpUg;gp

xg;gilf;f Ntz;Lnkd;W vdf;Fk;> flidf;Nfl;gjpy;
mofpa Kiwiaf; filg;gpbf;f Ntz;Lnkd;W
mtUf;Fk; nrhy;tPHfnsd;wy;yth" vd;gjhf $wptpl;L
ckNu: ,tUld; nrd;W mtUila flid
epiwNtw;wptpl;L mjpfkhf ,UgJ rhc (50 fpNyh)
NghPj;jk;gok; ePH mtiu jpl;bajw;fhf nfhLj;jDg;Gk;
vd;W $wp ckiu vd;Dld; mDg;gpitj;jhHfs;. iIj;
$WfpwhH: ckH vd;NdhL te;J vd;Dila flid
epiwNtw;wptpl;L 20 rhc (50 fpNyh) NghPj;jk;gok;
mjpfkhfTk; je;jhH> mg;NghJ ehd; ckhplk;;: ,ij
52
mjpfkhf Vd; jUfpwPHfs; vd;W Nfl;Nld.; mjw;F

ckH : ck;ik ehd; jpl;bajw;fhf egp (]y;)
mtHfs;jhd; ,ij ckf;F mjpfg;gbahf
nfhLf;Fk;gb vd;dplk; $wpdhHfs; vd;Nwd;. mg;NghJ
ehd; ckNu! vd;idj; njhpAkh? vd;Nwd;: ,y;iy. ePH
ahH? vd;W Nfl;lhH> ehd;jhd; i[j; ,g;D rf;dh
vd;Nwd;> mjw;ftH me;j A+j kjFUth? Mk; ehd;
me;j kjFUNtjhd; vd;Nwd;> mg;NghJ ckH ePH
,iwj;J}jhplk; mt;thW NgrTk; ele;J nfhs;sTk;
fhuznkd;d vd;W Nfl;lhH> mg;NghJ ehd; nrhd;Ndd;>
ckNu! J}Jj;Jtj;jpd; midj;J milahsq;fisAk;
mtiug;ghHj;jNghNj ehd; mwpe;J nfhz;Nld;> Mdhy;
,uz;ilj; jtpu mt;tpuz;ilAk; ghPl;rpj;Jg;
ghHf;ftpy;iy mitahtd: mtuJ Qhdk; (tpNtfk;)
mwpahikia Ke;jpf;nfhs;Sk;. NkYk; fLikahd
klj;jdk; $l mtiu tpNtfj;jpd; ghNy
mjpfhpf;fr;nra;Ak; epr;rakhf ,t;tpuz;ilAk; ehd;
mthplk; ghPl;rpj;Jtpl;Nld;.
vdNt epr;rakhf ehd; my;yh`;it (ug;)

ghJfhtydhfTk; NkYk; ,];yhj;ij khHf;fkhfTk;
NkYk; K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfis ,iwj;J}juhfTk;
nghUe;jpf;nfhz;Nlndd;W ckNu! ehd; ck;kplk; rhl;rp
gfHfpd;Nwd;> NkYk; ehd; kjPdhtpNyNa xU ngUk;
nry;te;jd; vdNt vdJ nry;tj;jpypUe;J
miuthrpia K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfspd;
r%fj;jpdUf;F jHkk; nra;Jtpl;ljhfTk; ehd;
ck;kplk; rhl;rp gfh;fpd;Nwd;> vd;gijf; Nfl;l ckH
$wpdhH: my;yJ mtHfspd; rpyUf;F vd;W $Wk;
Vnddpy; ePH mtHfspd; r%fj;ijr; NrHe;j
midth;fSf;Fk; (cjtpl) Kbahky;
Nghfyhnkd;gjhf> gpd; mtH my;yJ mtHfspd;
rpyUf;F vd;whH> gpd;dH ckUk; i[Jk; egp (]y;)
mtHfsplk; jpUk;gpr; nrd;wJk; tzf;fj;jpw;Fj;
53
jFjpahd ehad; my;yh`;itj;jtpu NtW ahUkpy;iy

vd;Wk;> K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfs; my;yh`;tpd;
jpUj;J}jUkhthHfnsd;Wk; ehd; rhl;rp gfh;fpd;Nwd;
vd;W $wp mtiu (<khd;) ek;;gpf;iff; nfhz;L mtiu
cz;ikg;gLj;jp NkYk; mjpfkhd NghHfspy;
mtHfNshL NrHe;J Nghhpl;L ,Wjpahf jG+f;
Aj;jj;jpy; Kd;Ndwpr;nrd;W vjphpfSld; Nghuhb
,iwtdb NrHe;jhHfs;. (,g;D `pg;ghd;)
mNj Nghd;W mtHfspd; kd;dpf;Fk;

kdg;ghd;ikf;F kpfg;ngUk; cjhuzk; kf;fh
ntw;wpf;Fg;gpd; egp (]y;) mtHfs; jkf;F nrhy;nydh
Jd;gq;fisf; nfhLj;j kf;fhthrpfisnay;yhk; xd;W
$l;b ehd; cq;fSf;F vd;d nra;ag; Nghtjhff;
fUJfpwPHfs;? vd;whHfs;> mtHfs; egp (]y;)
mtHfisg; ghHj;Jf; $wpdhHfs; :rq;iff;Fupa
rNfhjuH> rq;iff;Fupa rNfhjuhpd; kfd; vd;gjhf>
gpd; egp (]y;) mtHfs; mq;F FOkpapUe;jtHfisg;
ghHj;J "tpLjiy ngw;wtHfshf ePq;fs; nry;Yq;fs;;
vd;whHfs;. (ig`f;fp)
nghWik: egp (]y;) mtHfs; nghWikf;F

cjhuzkhfj; jpfo;e;jhHfs;> mtHfs; jkJ ,];yhkpa
XH ,iwg;gpur;rhuj;ij Muk;gpg;gjw;F Kd;dUk; jkJ
r%fj;jpdH nra;J te;j %l nray;fs;> rpiy
tzf;fq;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpd; kPJk; mtH jkJ
gpur;rhuj;ij ntspg;gilahf mk;kf;fSf;F kj;jpapy;
nra;a Muk;gpj;jNghJk; kf;fhthrpfs;
mtHfSf;fpioj;j nfhLikfypUe;Jk; jdJ
,iwtdplj;jpy; ed;ikia ehbatHfshf
nghWikahf ,Ue;jhHfs;> mNj Nghy; kjPdhtpy;
eatQ;rfHfs; ,ioj;j nfhLikfspd; NghJk;
nghWikia filg;gpbj;jhHfs;> ,Nj Nghy; jhk;
capUld; ,Uf;Fk; NghNj jkJ kidtpahd fjP[h
54
(uyp) jkJ Gjy;tHfs;> jkJ rpwpa je;ij `k;]h

(uyp) Nghd;w jkJ Nerj;jpw;FhpatHfis ,oe;j
NghJk; nghWikia filgpbj;jhHfs;.
md]; ,g;D khypf; (uyp) mwptpf;fpwhHfs;:

ehq;fs; egp (]y;) mtHfSld; mtHfsJ kfdhd
(,g;uh`Pk;) vd;gthpd; tsHg;Gj; je;ijahd mG+
nra;/g vd;gthplk; nrd;wNghJ egp (]y;) mtHfs;
,g;uh`Pik vLj;J Kj;jkpl;L KfHe;jhHfs;
gpd;nghUKiw ehq;fs; ,g;uh`Pikg;ghHf;f nrd;wpUe;j
NghJ ,g;uh`Pk; kuzj;jUthapy; %r;R
jpzwpf;nfhz;bUe;jijg; ghHj;j egp (]y;) mtHfspd;
fz;fspuz;Lk; fyq;fpw;W ,jid mtjhdpj;j
mg;JHu`;khd; ,g;D mt;g; (uyp) ,iw J}jH
mtHfNs! ePq;fSkh fz;fyq;FfpwPHfs;? vd;whHfs;>
mjw;F egp (]y;) mtHfs; mt;gpd; kfNd! mJ
,uf;fj;jpdhyhFk; vd;W $wptpl;L> gpd;G epr;rakhf
fz; fz;zPiur; rpe;JfpwJ> cs;sk; ftiyg; gLfpwJ
vq;fs; (ug;G) ghJfhyd; my;yh`; tpUk;Gtijj; jtpu
Ntnwhd;Wk; $wkhl;Nlhk;> ,g;uh`PNk! cd; gphpthy;
ehq;fs; epr;rakhf ftiyailfpNwhk; vd;W
$wyhdhHfs.; (G`hhp)
NeHikAk; ePjKk;: midj;J tplaq;fspYk;

egp (]y;) mth;fs; ePjkhdtHfshf
NeHikahdtHfshf ,Ue;Js;shHfs;> NkYk;
my;yh`;tpd; rl;lq;fis nray;gLj;JtjpYk;
NeHikahsHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;.
,Jgw;wp Map\h (uyp) mtHfs; $Wk; NghJ:

k`;#kpa;ah vd;w Fyj;ijr; NrHe;j xU ngz;kzpapd;
jpUl;Lr; rk;gtk; Fiu\pfSf;F kj;jpapy; ngUk;
gugug;ig Vw;gLj;jpaJ mg;NghJ Fiu\pfs; ,J
rk;ge;jkhf egp (]y;) mtHfsplk; ahH ,tSf;fhf
55
ghpe;Jiug;gJ vd;w gpur;rid vOe;jNghJ

,iwj;J}jhpd; NerH c]hkhitj; jtpu NtW ahHjhd;
,J rk;ge;jkhf egp (]y;) mtHfsplk; Ngr
Kw;gLthH! vd;whHfs;> ,J gw;wp c]hkh (uyp) egp
(]y;) mtHfsplk; Ngrpa NghJ c]hkhNt! ePH
my;yh`; tpjpj;j rl;lq;fspy; ,Ue;J xU rl;lj;jpid
epiwNtw;whkypUg;gjw;fhf Ntz;b ghpe;Jiuf;fpwPuh?
vd;W $wptpl;L gpd;G vOe;J gpurq;fk; nra;J mjpNy
$wpdhHfs;: cq;fSf;F Kd;dpUe;jtHfs; mope;J
Nghdnjy;yhk; mtHfspy; gyrhypfs;
(nry;thf;Fs;stHfs;) ahuhtJ jpUbtpl;lhy; vt;tpj
jz;lidAk; epiwNtw;whJ tpl;LtpLthHfs;> Mdhy;
mth;fspy; gytPdkhdtHfs; (nry;thf;fw;wtHfs;)
ahuhtJ jpUbtpl;lhy; mtd; kPJ jz;lidia
epiwNtw;WthHfs;> my;yh`;tpd; kPJ Mizahf vd;
kfs; ghj;jpkh jpUbdhYk; $l epr;rakhf ehd;
mtSila ifia jpUbajw;Fj; jz;lidahf
ntl;lhky; tplkhl;Nld;; vd;whHfs;. (G`hhp> K];ypk;)
NkYk; mtHfsJ ePjk; gw;wp $Wtjhapd; egp

(]y;); mtHfs; jd;dplkpUe;J gopjPHj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;gb
$wf;$batHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,J gw;wp cirj;
,g;D `{ioH (uyp) $wpdhHfs;: kjPdhitr; NrHe;j
xU kdpjH eifr;Ritahf Ngrp mq;fpUe;jtHfis
rphpg;G+l;bf; nfhz;bUe;jhH> mg;NghJ egp (]y;)
mk;kdpjhpd; tapw;wpy; jkJ ifapy; ,Ue;j xU
Fr;rpapdhy; Fj;jpdhHfs;> mg;NghJ mk;kdpjH ePq;fs;
vdf;F Fj;jpaijg; nghy; ehDk; cq;fis
mt;tplj;jpNyNa Fj;jNtz;Lnkd egp (]y;)
mtHfsplk; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhH> mjw;F egp (]y;);
rk;kjpj;jhHfs;> mg;NghJ mk;kdpjH ehd;
ntWNkYld; ,Ue;jijNghy; ePq;fSk; ntW NkYld;
,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;wJk;> egp (]y;) mtHfs; jkJ
rl;ilia caHj;jpaJk; mk;kdpjH egp (]y;)
56
mtHfis gop jPHg;gjw;F gjpyhf md;dhuJ tapw;iw

fl;b mizj;J Kj;jkpl;lthW ,iwtdpd; J}jNu!
,t;thW Kj;jkplNt ehd; tpUk;gpNdd; vd;W $wpdhH.
(mG+jhT+j;)
,iwar;rk;: kdpjHfspNyNa egp (]y;)

mtHfs; my;yh`;it mQ;rf;$batHfshfTk;
gag;glf; $batHfshfTk; ,Ue;jhHfs;. mg;Jy;yh`;
,g;D k];Cj; (uyp) $WfpwhHfs;: egp (]y;) mtHfs;
vd;dplk; FHMid XJtPuhf! vd;W $wpdhHfs;:
mg;NghJ ehd;: (ePq;fs; vd; XjOf;F nrtprha;fF ; k;
gb) cq;fs; kPJ ,wf;fg;gl;lij ehd; cq;fSf;F
XJtjh? vd;Nwd;> Mk; vd;whHfs; vdNt ehd;
me;ep]h #uhtpd; gpd; tUk; trdk; tiu XjpNdd;
mt;trdkhdJ> K`k;kNj! ehk; xt;nthU
rKjhaj;jpypUe;Jk; rhl;rpahsH xUtiu nfhz;Lte;J
ck;ikAk; ,tHfs; kPJ rhl;rpahsuhf nfhz;LtUk;
Ntisapy; ,tHfs; vd;d nra;thHfs;> vd;w
trdj;ij (me;ep]h 31) XjpaNghJ> ,g;NghJ
NghJnkd;W $wpdhHfs;> mg;nghOJ ehd; mtHfs;
gf;fk; jpUk;gpg;ghHj;Njd; fz;fspy; fz;zPH
Njq;fpapUe;jJ. (G`hhp> K];ypk;)
NkYk; Map\h (uyp) mtHfs; $wpajhtJ: egp

(]y;) mtHfs; kio Nkfj;ij thdj;jpy; fz;lhy;
Kd;dhy; elg;ghHfs; gpwF jpUk;gp elg;ghHfs; jkJ
miwf;F cs;Ns NghthHfs; ntspNa tUthHfs;
epk;kjpaw;W xU tpjj;jtpg;Gld; fhzg;gLthHfs;>
mtHfSlia Kfk; khwptpLk; thdk; kio nghope;J
tpl;lhy; mj;jtpg;ghd epiy mtHfistpl;Lk;
ePq;fptpLk; MfNt xU Kiw ehd; mtHfSf;F
me;jj; jtpg;ghd epiy Vw;gLtij ftdj;jpw;F
nfhz;Lte;Njd;> mjw;F egp (]y;) mtHfs;
jpUf;FHMdpy; $wg;gl;Ls;sgb MJ r%fj;jhHfs;
57
me;j Ntjid nfhzUk; Nkfk; jhq;fs; trpj;j

gs;sj;jhf;Ffis Nehf;fp te;J nfhz;bUg;gij fz;l
NghJ jtwhfg; Ghpe;J nfhz;L ,J ekf;F kio
nghoptpf;Fk; NkfkhFk; (46:24) vd;W $wpdhHfs;>
mj;jifa Ntjidiaf; nfhzuf; $ba NkfkhfTk;
,J ,Uf;fyhk; vdf;Fj; njhpahJ vd;W
gjpyspj;jhHfs;.
NghJnkd;w kdk;; : ckH ,g;D fj;jhg; (uyp)

$WfpwhHfs;: ehd; egp (]y;) jq;fpapUf;Fk; miwf;Fs;
nrd;Nwd;> ve;j tphpg;Gk; ,y;yhj xU <j;jk; ghapd;
kPJ gLj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs; mth;fspd;;
jiyaizahf rUFfs; epiwf;fg;gl;l Njhy;igia
jiyf;Ff;;fPo; itj;jpUe;jhHfs;. mtHfSila
fhy;khl;by;; Njhy; gjdplg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ,iyfs;
Ftpf;fg;gl;L ,Ue;jd. mtHfsJ jiykhl;bd; Nky;
jz;zPH itf;Fk; Njhy; ghj;jpuk;
njhq;ftplg;;gl;bUe;jJ. NkYk; mtHfsJ nghd;dhd
Nkdpapy; mt;tPr;rk; ghapd; milahsq;fs;
gjpe;jpUe;jij fz;lJk; ehd;
mOJtpl;Nld;>mg;nghOJ vd;idg;ghHj;J Vd;
mOfpwPH? vd;whHfs;> ,iwtdpd; J}jNu! Nuhk;> ghurPf
kd;dHfnsy;yhk; vg;gb vg;gbnay;yhNkh
,Uf;fpwhHfs;. ,iwtdpd; J}juhd ePq;fs; Vd; ,g;gb
vd;wJk; ckNu! mtHfSf;F cyf Rfq;fSk; ekf;F
kWikapy; (RtHf;fKk;) ,Ug;gij ePH nghUe;jpf;
nfhs;stpy;iyah? vd;whh;fs;. (G`hhp> K];ypk;)
vjphpfs; cl;gl midj;J kdpjHfSf;Fk;

ed;ikNa ehLjy;: egp (]y;) mtHfspd;
kidtpaUs; xUtuhd Map\h (uyp) mtHfs;
$WfpwhHfs;: c`j; Aj;jkd;W ePq;fs; re;jpj;j
JaiutplTk; kpff;fLikahd Jaiu ePq;fs;
re;jpj;jJz;lh? vd;W ehd; egp (]y;) mth;fsplk;
58
Nfl;Nld;> mjw;F egp (]y;) mtHfs; ckJ

r%fj;jpdhplkpUe;J c`j; jpdj;ijtpl mfgh
(mjhtJ jhapg; efhpy; Ngha; miog;Gg;gzp
nra;jNghJ mq;fpUe;J Juj;jg;gl;L kf;fhTf;Fs;
Eioa KbahkYk; jpUk;g jhapGf;Fg; Nghf
KbahkYk; rpf;fpj;jtpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j Ntisapy;
jpUk;g kf;fhTf;Fs; Eioa mg;J fpyhy;…
vd;gtuplk; jdf;F ghJfhg;Gj;je;J jd;id
nghWg;Ngw;f;FkhW ehd; Ntz;baNghJ mtH kWj;J
tplNt> ehd; ftiy Njha;e;jtdhf ele;J nrd;W
nfhz;bUe;Njd;. fUd; m]; ]Mypg; vd;w
kiyabthuj;jpy; Ngha;jhd; njsptile;Njd;> mg;NghJ
vd; jiyia caHj;jpg; ghHj;jNghJ xU Nkff;;
$l;lk; vdf;F epoy; je;J nfhz;bUe;jJ mjd; kPJ
[pg;hPy; (miy) ,Ue;jhHfs;> NkYk; vd;id mioj;Jf;
$wpdhHfs;: epr;rakhf my;yh`; ckJ r%fj;jpdH
ckf;F $wpa Ngr;irAk; ck;ik
kWj;Jf;$wpaitfisAk; Nfl;lhd;> vdNt
mtHfSf;nfjpuhf ePH ehbaij VTtjw;fhf
kiyfSf;F nghWg;ghd kyf;ifAk; ck;kplk;
mDg;gpAs;shd; vd;whHfs;> mg;NghJ kiyfSf;Fg;
nghWg;ghd kyf;F vd;id mioj;J ]yhk;
nrhy;yptpl;L gpd;G $wpdhH: K`k;kNj! ePH ehbaij
VTk; ePH ehbdhy; ,t;tpuz;L kiyfisAk; caHj;jp
mtHfs; kPJ Nghl;L mopj;JtpLNtd; vd;whH>
mg;nghOJ egp (]y;) mtHfs;: ,tHfspd;
gpd;Njhd;wy;fspy; (jiyKiwfspy;) ,Ue;jhtJ
my;yh`; xUtid khj;jpuk; tzq;fp mtDf;F ve;j
xd;iwAk; ,izahf;fhjtHfs; Njhd;w Ntz;Lnkd
ehd; Nknyz;zk; nfhs;fpNwd; vd;W gjpyspj;jhHfs;;.
(G`hhp > K];ypk;)
59
mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D ckH (uyp) $WfpwhHfs;:

mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D cig ,g;D rY}y; kuzpj;jNghJ
mtuJ kfd; mg;Jy;yh`; egp (]y;) mtHfsplk;
te;J egpatHfspd; Nkyhilia jdJ je;ijf;F
fgdplj; jUkhW Nfl;lhHfs;> egp (]y); mtHfs;
mjid nfhLj;jJk;> jdJ je;ijf;F njhOif
elj;JkhWk; Ntz;bdhHfs;> egp (]y;) njhOif
elj;Jtjw;fhf vOe;j NghJ ckH (uyp) mtHfs;
vOe;J egp (]y;) mtHfspd; Milia gpbj;J jLj;J
epWj;jpf; $wpdhHfs;: ,iwtdpd; J}jNu! mtDf;fhf
njhOif elhj;jg; NghfpwPHfsh? my;yh`; mtd; kPJ
njhOif elj;Jtij jLj;Js;shd; vd;wJk;> egp
(]y;) mtHfs; vdf;F NjHT nra;Ak; chpikia
je;Js;shd; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.
egpNa! ePH mtHfSf;fhf kd;dpg;Gj; NjbdhYk;

my;yJ kd;dpg;Gj; Njlhtpl;lhYk; NkYk;
mtHfSf;fhf vOgJ Kiw kd;dpg;Gj; NjbdhYk;
my;yh`; kd;dpf;fNt khl;lhd; vd;w jpUkiw
trdj;ij Xjptpl;L> ehd; 70 jlitia tpl mjpfkhf
kd;dpg;Gf;NfhH;Ntd; vd;W $wpdhHfs;> mg;nghOJ
ckH $wpdhHfs;: epr;rakhf mtd; Kdhgpf;
(eatQ;rfd;) vd;gjhf gpd; egp (]y;) njhOif
elj;jp Kbe;jJk;> my;yh`; gpd; tUk; trdj;ij
,wf;fpdhd;. eatQ;rfHfshd mtHfspy; ahH
,we;jhYk; mtHfs; kPJ ePH vd;Wk; njhOif elj;j
Ntz;lhk;> NkYk; ghtkd;dpg;Gj; NjLtjw;fhf
mtHfspd; fGWfspdplj;jpYk; epw;fTk; Ntz;lhk;
vd;gjhf. ( G`hhp> K];ypk;)
60
egp (]y;) mth;fspd; rpy xOf;fq;fs;:

K`k;;kJ (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ NjhoHfNshL
neUq;fpg;goff;$bath;fshfTk;> mth;fspd; midj;J
tplaq;fspYk; fye;Jnfhs;sf;$batHfshfTk;
,Ue;jhHfs;. mtHfsJ jdpg;gl;l> $l;L tho;f;ifia
ehk; rk;G+uzkhf njhpe;J nfhz;lhy; mJ ekJ
thof;;iff;F cjtpahf mikAk;. Vnddpy; egp (]y;)
mtHfs; ekf;F Kd;khjphpahthHfs;> vdNt ekJ
midj;J tplaq;fspYk; mtHfis Kd;khjphpahf
vLj;Jf; nfhs;tJ mtrpakhFk;.
,Jgw;wp [hgpH ,g;D mg;Jy;yh`; (uyp)

$wpdhHfs;: ehd; ,];yhj;ijj; jOtpajpypUe;J egp
(]y;) mtHfs; vd;id (mtHfis) tpl;Lk; jLj;jJk;
fpilahJ >vd;idf; fz;lNghnjy;yhk; jd; Kfj;jpy;
Gd;KWty; G+g;ghHfs;. mtHfsplk; ehd; Fjpiuapy;
cWjpahf ,Uf;f Kbatpy;iynad Kiwapl;lNghJ
mtHfsJ ifahy; vdJ neQ;rpd; kPJ jl;btpl;Lf;
$wpdhHfs;: ah my;yh`;! mtiu cWjpahf;fpit
NkYk; NeHtop fhl;bahfTk; NeHtopngw;wtuhfTk;
Mf;fpaUs;thahf vd;gjhf. (G`hhp> K];ypk;)
NkYk; egp (]y;) mtHfs; jkJ NjhoHfSld;

eifr;Ritahf> Nfspf;ifahf> gfbAkhf ele;J
nfhs;thh;fs;. ,Jgw;wp md]; ,g;D khypf; (uyp)
$WfpwhHfs;: egp (]y;) kdpjh;fspy; kpf mofpa
FzKilatHfs;> vdf;F mG+ cikH vd;w xU rpwpa
rNfhjuH ,Ue;jhH mthplk; xU rpwpa gwit ,Ue;jJ
mjNdhL mtH tpisahbf;nfhz;bUe;jhH> vdNt egp
(]y;) mtHfs; mtiu fhZk; Nghnjy;yhk; mgh
cikNu! gwit vd;d nra;jJ vd;W eifr;Ritahff;
Nfl;ghHfs;. (G`hhp)
61
NkYk; egp ]y; mtHfsJ eifr;Rit

Ngr;NrhL khj;jpuk; epd;Wtpltpy;iy> khw;wkhf
nraypYk; mtH jkJ NjhoHfNshL eifr;Ritahf
ele;Js;shHfs;. ,J gw;wp md]; gpd; khypf; (uyp)
$Wk; NghJ egp (]y;) mtHfSf;F ]h`pH ,g;D
ùhk; vd;w fpuhkthrpahd mtH md;gspg;Gfs;
toq;ff;$batuhf ,Ue;jhH> NkYk; egp (]y;)
mtHfSk; mthplk; nry;tjhf ,Ue;jhy;
md;gspg;Gfis jahH nra;J tpl;L epr;rakhf ]h`pH
vd;gtH vkJ fpuhkthrp> ehk; mthplk;
r%fkspf;ftpUf;fpNwhk; vd;W nrhy;ypatHfshf
mtHplk; nrd;w NghJ mtH jkJ nghUl;fis
re;ijapy; tpw;Wf; nfhz;bUe;jhH> mg;NghJ mtH
mwpahj tpjj;jpy; egp (]y;) mtHfs; gpd;dhy; nrd;W
mtuJ fz;fis nghj;jpg; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;>
mg;NghJ mtH ahH ,J ? vd;id tpLk;! vd;W
$wpatuhf ,tHfs; gf;fk; jpUk;gpaJk; ,t;thW
nra;J nfhz;bUg;gJ egp (]y;) mtHfs; jhd;
vd;gij mwpe;jJk;> mtuJ KJif mtHfsJ
neQ;rpy;itj;J rha;e;J nfhz;lhH>mg;NghJ egp (]y;)
,e;j mbikia ahH thq;fg; NghtJ vd;wJk;
,iwtdpd; J}jNu! vd;id mw;gkhdtdhff;
fhz;fpwPuh! vd;W ]h`pH Nfl;lhH> mjw;F egp (]y;)
ePNu ,iwtdplj;jpy; kpfg; ngUkjpahdtH vd;whHfs;.
(,g;D `pg;ghd;)
t`P %yk; mwptpf;fg;glhj midj;J

tplaq;fspYk; jkJ NjhoHfsplk; MNyhrid nra;J
mtHfsJ fUj;ij Vw;ff; $batHfshf
,Ue;Js;shHfs;. ,J gw;wp mG+ `{iuuh (uyp) $Wk;
NghJ: ehd; egp (]y;) mtHfis tpl mjpfk; jkJ
NjhoHfSld; MNyhrid nra;Ak; xU kdpjiu
fz;ljpy;iy vd;gjhf. (jpHkpjp)
62
Nehahspfis nrd;W ghHg;gJ (fhgpNuh-

K];ypNkh) epr;rakhf K`k;kj; (]y;) mth;fs; jkJ
NjhoHfisg;gw;wp eyk; tprhhpf;ff; $batHfshf
,Ue;J te;Js;shHfs;> mtHfspy; ahUf;fhtJ
RfaPdk; vd;gij mwpe;jhy; jhKk; jk;Kld;
,Ug;gtHfSkhf tpiue;J nrd;W eyk;
tprhhpg;gtHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;> me;Nehahsp K];ypkhf
,Ug;gpDk; > fh/gpuhf ,Ug;gpDk; rhpNa!
,J gw;wp md]; ,g;D khyp;f; (uyp)

$WfpwhHfs;: A+j ,isQd; xUtd; egp (]y;)
mtHfSf;F gzptpil nra;Jte;jhd;> mtd;
Neha;tha;g;gl;l NghJ egp (]y;) mtHfs; mtid
eyk; tprhhpg;gjw;fhf nrd;W mtdJ jiykhl;by;
mkHe;J ,];yhj;ij jOtptpL vd;W $wpdhHfs;>
mg;NghJ me;j ,isQd; jdJ je;ijia
nehf;fpdhd;. mjw;F mtdJ je;ij mGy; fhrpKf;F
fPo;g;gb vd;wJk;> me;j ,isQd; ,];yhj;ij
Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhd;> mg;NghJ egp (]y;) mth;fs; euf
neUg;ig tpl;Lk; mtid fhg;ghw;wpa my;yh`;Tf;Nf
vy;yhg;GfOk; vd;W $wpa tz;zk; mq;fpUe;J
ntspte;jhHfs;. (G`hhp)
cgfhuk; nra;jtUf;F ed;wp nrYj;JtJk;>

gpujp cgfhuk; nra;tJk;: egp (]y;) $wpdhHfs;:
my;yh`;Tf;fhf vd;W cq;fsplk; ahuhtJ ghJfhg;Gj;
Njbdhy; mtUf;Fg; ghJfhg;gspg;gPuhf!
my;yh`;Tf;fhf cjtp nra;Aq;fnsd;W ahuhtJ
cjtp Nfl;lhy; mtUf;F cjTtPuhf! ahuhtJ
cq;fis mioj;jhy; mtuJ miog;Gf;F tpil
nfhLg;;gPuhf! ahuhtJ cq;fSf;F cgfhuk; nra;jhy;
mtUf;F gpujp cgfhuk; nra;JtpLq;fs;> gpujp
cgfhuk; nra;a trjpapy;iy vd;why;> mtUf;F
ePq;fs; gpujp cgfhuk; nra;J tpl;l jpUg;jpia
63
milAk; tiuf;Fk; mtH Kd;dpiyapy; mtUf;fhf

gpuhHj;jid nra;JtpLq;fs;. (mG+jhTj;)
Map\h (uyp) mwptpf;fpwhHfs;: egp (]y;)

mtHfs; `jpah (ghpRfis) Vw;Wf;nfhs;gtHfshfTk;
gfukhf jhKk; toq;fq;$batHfshfTk; ,Ue;jhHfs;
vd;gjhf. (G`hhp)
egp (]y;) mofhd> thridahd

midj;ijAk; tpUk;GthHfs;: ,J gw;wp md];
,g;D khypf; (uyp) $WfpwhHfs;: ehd; egp (]y;)
mtHfspd; cs;sq;ifia tpl kpUJthd gl;ilNah
G+ Ntiyg;ghLfs; Nghlg;gl;l gl;ilNah
njhl;ljpy;iy> NkYk; ehd; egp (]y;) mtHfspd;
eWkzj;;ijAk; thridiaAk; tpl Nkyhd xU
eWkzj;;ijNah thridiaNah EfHe;jJkpy;iy
vd;gjhf. (G`hhp> K];ypk;)
Neh;i
; kahd ey;y tplaq;fs; midj;jpw;Fk;
egp (]y;); ghpe;Jiu nra;tij tpUk;GthHfs;: ,J
gw;wp ,g;D mg;gh]; (uyp) $wpdhHfs;: ghPuh vd;w
ngz;kzpapd; fztH K`P]; vd;gtH mbikahf
,Ue;j fhuzj;jhNyh vd;dNth mg;ngz;kzp mtiu
gphpe;J tpl;lhs;> mtH mtSf;Fg;gpd;dhy; mOjOJ
jd;id Vw;Wf; nfhs;SkhW mtisNa Rw;wpr;Rw;wp
te;J nfhz;bUg;gij ehd; vd;fz;fshy; ,g;NghJk;
ghHg;gij Nghy; ,Uf;fpwnjd;W ,g;D mg;gh]; (uyp)
$wptpl;L> egp (]y;) mtHfs; mg;gh]plk; $wpdhHfs;:
mg;ghN] K`P]; ghPuh kPJ itj;Js;s md;gpYk; ghPuh
K`P]; kPJ nfhz;Ls;s md;gpYk; eP
Mr;rhpag;gltpy;iyah? vd;W Nfl;L tpl;L guPuhtplk; eP
mtiu jpUk;g kPl;bf; nfhs;syhNk vd;wJk;
mg;ngz;kzp ,J cq;fs; fl;lisah! vd;W
tpdtpdhs;> mjw;F egp (]y;) ,y;iy ehd; ghpe;Jiu
64
nra;fpNwd; vd;wJk; ghPuh: mtH vdf;F Ntz;lhk;

vd;whHfs;. (G`hhp)
jkJ Ntiyfis jhNk nra;Jnfhs;sy;:

egp (]y;) mtHfs; tPl;bypUf;Fk; NghJ vd;d
nra;thHfnsd;W Map\h (uyp) ehafpaplk; tpdtg;gl;l
NghJ mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;: mtH Vida
kdpjHfisg;Nghy; xU rhjhuz kdpjuhfNt ,Ug;ghH
jkJ Milfis ijg;ghHfs;;> Ml;ilg;gpbj;J
ghy;fwg;ghHfs;> jkJ jdpg;gl;l Ntiyfis nra;J
nfhs;thh;fs; vd;gjhf. (,g;d `pg;ghd;)
mJ kl;Lky;y jkJ NtiyNahL gpwH

NtiyapYk; cjtp gz;Zgtuhf ,Ue;Js;shHfs;;: egp
(]y;) mtHfs; tPl;by; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ vd;d
nra;thHfnsd;W Map\h (uyp) ehafpaplk;
tpdtg;gl;lNghJ> egp (]y;) mtHfs; jkJ
kidtpkhHfSf;F gzptpil nra;J nfhz;bUg;ghHfs;>
Mdhy; njhOiff;fhd miog;igf; Nfl;lhy;
ntspNawptpLthHfs; vd;gjhf. (G`hhp)
65
K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfs; gw;wp

eLepiythjpfspd; rhd;Wfs;
mt;jh(Nghy;l); vd;w n[Hkdpa ftpQH
$WfpwhH: ,k;kdpj rKjhak; KOtjw;Fk; xU
cjhuzg;GU\uhfj; jpfOk; xUtiu tuyhW KOf;fj;
Njbg;ghHj;Njd;> mg;gbg;gl;l xUtuhf K`k;kj; (]y;)
mtHfisf; fz;L nfhz;Nld; vd;gjhf.
jP];%H vd;w NguhrphpaH jdJ jp nltyg;gpq;

`pA+Nkd; vd;w E}ypy; $WfpwhH: epr;rakhf
my;FHMd; XH ,iwNtjk;jhd; vd;gij ehd;
xg;Gf;nfhs;s fbdg;gltpy;iy. Vnddpy; rpR
rk;ge;jkhd my;FHMDila $w;iw Vohk;
E}w;whz;by; mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;gpd; mbg;gilapy;
xUtH epWtpapUf;fKbahJ> vdNt ehd; ,jpypUe;J
tpsq;FtJ ahnjdpy; rpR rk;ge;jkhd mf;$w;W
epr;rakhf K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfSf;F (t`p) Ntj
ntspg;ghl;bd; %yk; mwptpf;fg;gl;bUf;f
Ntz;Lnkd;gNj.
Ty; jpt;uhd;j; vd;w E}yhrphpaH jdJ

ehfhPfj;jpd; fij vd;w E}ypy; thy;A+k; 11 y;
$WfpwhH: khdpl rKjhaj;jpNyNa khngUk; jhf;fj;ij
Vw;gLj;jpa Ml;rpahsH ahH? vd;W KbT nra;tjhf
,Ue;jhy; ehk; $WNthk; epr;rakhf K];ypk;fSila
(K`k;kj; vd;w) ,iwj;J}jNu Ml;rpahsHfspNyNa
tuyhW gilj;jtnud;W. Vnddpy; mtH jkJ
r%fj;jhH kj;jpapy; gutpf;fple;j gpbthjg; Nghf;ifAk;
fz;%bj;jdkhd gof;f tof;fq;fisAk;
cilj;;njwpe;J mtuJ ehl;by; gpd;gw;wg;gl;L te;j A+j
fpU];jt khHf;fq;fSf;Fg; gfukhf cWjpahd>
vspjhd> njspthd> ,d;iwa ehs; tiu epiyj;J
epw;;ff;;$ba> kpfTk; rf;jptha;e;j xU khHf;fj;ij
epiy ehl;bdhH vd;gjhf.
66
[hH[; jP Njhyp]; vd;gtH jdJ> tho;f;if

vd;w E}ypy; $WfpwhH: epr;rakhf K`k;kj; (]y;)
mtHfspd; egpj;Jtj;jpy; re;Njfk; nfhs;tjhdJ
midj;Jg; gilg;gpdq;fisAk; cs;slf;Fk;
,iwtdpd; ty;yikapd; kPJ re;Njfk; nfhs;tjw;F
rkkhFk; vd;gjhf.
NguwpQH Nty;]; vd;gtH cz;ikahd

,iwj;J}jH vd;w jkJ E}ypy; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH:
K`k;kj; ,iwj;J}jH vd;gjw;F nfl;bahd Mjhuk;
ahnjdpy; Kjd;Kjy; mtiu ek;gpatHfs; mtuJ
kidtpAk; mtUf;F neUf;fkhdtHfSkhf
,Ue;jJjhd;@ Vnddpy; mtHfs; mtuJ jdpg;gl;l
nrhe;j tho;f;ifia mwpe;;jtHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;>
mtuJ tha;ik gw;wp re;Njfpj;jpUe;jhy; mtiu
ek;gpf;if nfhz;bUf;f khl;lhHfs; vd;gjhf.
`Py; vd;w fpof;fj;jpathjp mNugpa ehfhPfk;

vd;w jkJ E}ypy; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whH: ,];yhj;ijg;
Nghd;W kpf Ntfkhf gutpa> cyfj;ij khw;wpa> xU
khHf;fj;ij kdpj tuyhw;wpNyNa ehk; fhztpy;iy.
K`k;kj; cz;ikapNyNa ,t;Tyfpw;F xU
rKjhaj;ij ntspg;gLj;jpdhH> G+kpapNy my;yh`;it
tzq;Ftjw;F VJthf;fpdhH> rkj;Jtj;jpw;Fk;
NeHikf;Fk; mbg;gilapl;lhH> Fog;gk;
cz;Lgz;Ztijj; jtpu NtnwjidANk mwpahjpUe;j
kf;fSf;F kj;jpapy; fl;Lg;ghl;ilAk;> xOf;fj;ijAk;>
fz;zpaj;ijAk;> xUikg;ghl;ilAk; epiyehl;bdhH
vd;gjhf.
[hd; yPf; vd;w ];ngapd; ehl;L mwpQH mugpfs;

vd;w jdJ E}ypy; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH: (egpNa! K`k;kNj!)
ck;ik cyfj;jhHf;F XH mUl; nfhilahf ehk;
mDg;gpAs;Nshk; > vd;W mtuJ tho;f;ifia
67
my;yh`; th;zpj;jij tpl kpf mofhf tHzpf;fNt

KbahJ vd;gjhfTk;> NkYk; K`k;kj; XH
cz;ikahd mUl; nfhilahfNt ,Ue;jhH> NkYk;;
ehd; mtHkPJ MHtj;JlDk; gpukpg;GlDk; fUiz
nfhz;L gpuhHj;jid Ghpfpd;Nwd; vd;gjhf.
ngHdhl;\h vd;w n[HkdpaH ,];yhk; E}W

Mz;LfSf;Fg;gpd; vd;w jkJ E}ypy; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH:
epr;rakhf cyfk; KOtJk; xU ehs; ,];yhj;ij
Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;> mJ ,];yhnkd;w nrhe;jg; ngahpy;
Vw;Wf; nfhs;shtpl;lhYk; khw;Wg; ngahpyhtJ
,];yhj;ij Vw;Nw jPUk;> NkYk; Nkw;Fyfk;
,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; xU ehs; kpf rPf;fpuNk
tUk;> ,];yhk; gw;wpa ngha;fs; epiwe;j
Gj;jfq;fisNa thrpj;j tz;zk; epr;rakhf
Nkw;Fyfk; gy E}w;whz;Lfis flj;jptpl;lJ…
egp (]y;) mtHfspd; kidtpaHfs;;

egp (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ Kjy; kidtp
md;id fjP[h (uyp) mtHfspd; kuzj;jpw;Fg;gpd; 10
ngz;fisj; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;lhHfs;. md;id
Map\h (uyp) mtHfisj; jtpu kw;iwa midtUNk
tajhd> fztiu ,oe;j tpjitfNs. md;id
Map\h (uyp) mtHfis khj;jpuNk fd;dpahf
,stajpduhf jpUkzk; Kbj;jhHfs;. mtHfspd;
kidtpaUs; MW NgHfs; Fiw\p Fyj;jtHfs;>
xUtH A+j ,dj;jtH> VidatHfs; gyjug;gl;l
mNugpa Fyj;ijr; NrHe;jth;fs;> khhpaJy; fpg;jpa;ah
vd;gtH jkJ (tyf;fuk;) nrhe;jkhf;fpf; nfhz;l
mbikg; ngz;zhthHfs;> ,tHfSf;Fg; gpwe;jtHfNs
,g;wh`Pk; vd;gtH. ,g;ngz;kzpia ,];fe;jphpah
68
(mnyf;]hd;bhpah) kd;dH Kft;fp]; vd;gtH egp(]y;)

mtHfSf;F ntFkjpahf nfhLj;jDg;gpapUe;jhH.
,jdhy;jhd; egp (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;:

epr;rakhf ePq;fs; kp];iu ntw;wp nfhs;tPHfs;
me;ehl;by; fPuhj; vd;W ngaH nrhy;yg;gLk; xU
gpuNjrk; cz;L. vdNt mg;gpuNjrj;ij ntw;wp
nfhz;lhy; mq;Fs;stHfNshL ey;y Kiwapy; ele;J
nfhs;Sq;fs;. Vnddpy; mtHfs; kPJ ghJfhg;Gk;>
nrhe;j ge;jKk; (cq;fSf;F) cz;L vd;whHfs;
(K];ypk;). NkYk; ehafk; (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;
ePq;fs; fpg;j; Njrj;ij ntw;wp nfhz;lhy;
mq;Fs;stHfNshL ey;y Kiwapy; ele;J
nfhs;Sq;fs;. Vnddpy; mtHfs;kPJ ghJfhg;Gk;>
ge;jKk; cq;fSf;F cz;L vd;whHfs;. (mg;Ju;
u];]hf;)
Fwpg;G:-
]{`;hp vd;w mwpQH $WfpwhH: ge;jk; vd;gJ

`h[uh mk;ikahH %yKk;> ghJfhty; ,g;uh`Pk;
vd;w egp (]y;) mtHfspd; kfdpd; jhahiu
ftdj;jpy; nfhz;LkhFk; vd;fpwhH.
egp (]y;) mtHfs; ,t;ntz;zpf;ifapyhd

ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;likf;F gy
fhuzq;fs; cz;L:
1- khHf;fhPjpahd xU rl;lj;ij mKy;

gLj;Jjy;:
egp (]y;) mtHfs; i[dg; (uyp) mtHfis
jpUkzk; Kbj;jijg; Nghy. Vnddpy;
mwpahikf;fhyj;jpNy ([h`pypa;ah) mNugpaHfsplk;
xU gof;fk; ,Ue;J te;jJ. mjhtJ tsHg;G kfdpd;
69
kidtpia jkJ nrhe;j kfdpd; kidtpNghy; fUjp

te;jdH> vdNt jkJ tsHg;G kfd; kidtpia
tpthfuj;Jr; nra;jhy;>; mg;ngz;iz jhd; je;ijnad
mioj;J te;j tsHg;Gj;je;ij jpUkzk; Kbg;gij
ùhkhf fUjpte;jdH.
vdNtjhd; ,k;khjphpahd fUj;ij

,y;yhnjhopf;fNt egp (]y;) mtHfs; jkJ tsHg;G
kfdhd i[J vd;gthpd; kidtpahd n[a;dg; (uyp)
mtHfis mtH tpthfuj;Jr; nra;jNghJ egp (]y;)
jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;lhHfs;.
,ijg;gw;wp my;yh`; $Wfpd;whd;: i]J

vd;gtH (i[digj; jpUkzk; nra;J) jhk;gj;jpa
tho;f;ifia mtsplkpUe;J epiwNtw;wp tpl;lNghJ>
ehk; mtis ckf;Fj; jpUkzk; nra;J itj;Njhk;.
Vnddpy; tpRthrpfshy; tsHf;fg;gl;ltHfs; jq;fs;
Njitia (mg;ngz;fshd) mtHfsplk; G+Hj;jp nra;J
nfhz;L (mtHfis jyhf;) $wptpl;lhy; (mtHfis
tsHj;j) tpRthrpfs; (mt;thW jyhf;) $wg;gl;l
mg;ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;tjpy; ahnjhU
Fw;wkpUf;ff; $lhJ vd;gjw;fhf (ckf;F ckJ
tsHg;G kfdhy; tpthfuj;J nra;ag;gl;l i[dig
jpUkzk; nra;J itj;Njhk;.) NkYk; my;yh`;tpd;
fl;lis (,t;thW) eilngw;Wj; jPuNtz;bajhf
,Ue;jJ. (my; m`;]hg; 37)
2- jkJ (j/th) miog;Gg; gzpapd; ed;ikia

fUj;jpw;nfhz;lik> ,t;thW gy jpUkzk; nra;J
nfhz;ljpd; %yk; cs xw;WikiaAk;>
Nfhj;jpuq;fspd; md;igAk; <Hg;gJk; Nehf;fkhFk;.
70
vdNt ,itfis fUj;jpy; nfhz;Nl egp (]y;)

mtHfs; Fiw\p Fyj;ijr; NrHe;j kpfg; ngUk;
Nfhj;jpuq;fspYk;> rf;jptha;e;j mNugpaf;
Nfhj;jpuq;fspYk; jpUkzk; nra;Jnfhz;lhHfs;;. NkYk;
jkJ NjhoHfSf;Fk; ,jidf; filgpbf;Fk;gb
$wpdhHfs;.
mg;JH u`;khd; ,g;D mt;g; (uyp) vd;w jkJ

Njhoiu jt;kjpy; [d;jy; vd;w Nfhj;jpuj;jhhplk;
miog;Gg;gzpf;fhf mDg;gpitf;Fk; NghJ> mtHfs;
cdJ miog;ig Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhy; mtHfspd;
jiytuJ kfis jpUkzk; Kbj;Jf; nfhs;! vd;W
egp (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; (jghp).
,J gw;wp (cl.cahan) Fwpg;gpLk; NghJ: egp

K`k;kJ mtHfspd; tho;f;ifapd; rpy gFjpfs;>
ekJ rkfhy rpe;jidj; jhf;fj;jpw;fika mtHfs;
gw;wpa jtwhd vz;zj;ij Vw;gLj;JfpwJ> mjhtJ:
md;id fjP[h (uyp) vd;w mtuJ kidtp ,we;j
gpd;dH mtH nra;J nfhz;l fpl;lj;jl;l xd;gJ
jpUkzq;fSk; KOf;f KOf;f jkJ ,r;iriaj;
jPHj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhd cyf Nehf;fpy;jhd; nra;J
nfhz;lhnud;W vz;z itj;jJ. Mdhy; mjd;
cz;ik epiyahnjdpy; mNefkhd ,e;j jpUkz
ge;jq;fs; xU jpl;lj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; nra;J
nfhs;sg;gl;ljhFk;. mJNt me;j jpUkz ge;jq;fs;
%yk; mjpfhuj;jpYk; Ml;rpapYk; ,Uf;fk; rpyhpd;
el;ig rk;ghjpj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; Nehf;fkhFk;.
NkYk; mNugpaHfspd; rpe;jid ,ay;gpNyNa

,g;gbahd cwTfis kjpj;J> cjTk; gz;gpid
nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jJ.
71
3-r%fk;: mjhtJ egp (]y;) mtHfSila

NjhoHfs; ,];yhj;ij gpw kf;fSf;F vj;jpitf;fpd;w>
gug;Gfpd;w Kaw;rpapy; <Lgl;l Ntisapy; mtHfs;
jkJ kidtp kf;fis tpl;Lk; kuzpj;j rkak;>
mj;jifatHfspd; kidtpaiu jpUkzk; nra;J
nfhz;lik. mg;ngz;fs; vy;NyhUNk
taJ$baHfshfNt ,Ue;jdH. mg;ngz;fSf;F
ghJfhg;G toq;fTk;> mtHfisAk; kuzpj;j mtHfsJ
fztd;khHfis fz;zpag;gLj;jTk; >mtHfs; kPJ
,uf;fk; nfhz;LNk ,g;gbahd jpUkzq;fis nra;J
nfhz;lhHfs;.
(L. Veccia Vagheri) vd;w ,j;jhypa

vOj;jhsH jkJ ,];yhj;ij ghJfhj;jy; vd;w E}ypy;
Fwpg;gpLfpwhH;;: epr;rakhf K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfs;
Vida gUtq;fis tpl thypgg; gUtj;jpy; ngz;fis
mDgtpf;f Ntz;Lnkd;w Nkhfk; mjpfkhf ,Uf;ff;
$ba ,sikg;gUtk;; neLfpYk;> NkYk; mtH tho;e;j
me;j mNugpa r%fj;jpy; md;W jpUkznkd;gJ
,yf;fg;gl;l r%f mikg;ghf ,Ue;Jk; $l my;yJ
mij vl;bf;nfhz;bUe;Jk; $l> NkYk; xd;Wf;F
Nkw;gl;l ngz;fis kzk; GhptNj mtH tho;e;j
r%fj;jpd; mbg;gil tof;fkhf ,Ue;Jk; $l> ,d;Dk;;
nrhy;tjhapd; ngz;fis tpthfuj;J nra;J tpl;L
NtW ngz;fis jpUkzk; Kbg;gnjd;gJ kpf
,yFthf ,Ue;Jk; $l> mtHfs; md;id fjP[h (uyp)
vd;w xU ngz;iz khj;jpuNk jpUkzk; nra;J
nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. jk;iktpl jkJ kidtp fjP[h
(uyp) tajpy; $batHfshfNt ,Ue;jhHfs;> 25
tUlfhykhf xU md;ghd J}a;ikahd mtHfsJ
fztuhfj; jpfo;e;jhHfs;. md;id fjP[h (uyp) vd;w
jkJ kidtp ,tuJ Ik;gjhtJ tajpy; kuzpj;j
gpd;dNu gy jpUkzq;fis rpw;rpy fhuzq;fSf;fhf
Ghpe;J nfhz;lhHfs;.
72
,j;jpUkzq;fs;> r%f> murpay; Nehf;fq;fis

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lit> mjhtJ ,k;kzq;fspd;
%yk; ,iwar;rKs;s mg;ngz;fis
rq;ifg;gLj;jplTk;> NkYk; jkJ nfhs;ifia
,ilA+wpd;wp gug;gpl rpy FLk;gq;fs;> Nfhj;jpuq;fNshL
jpUkz ge;jq;fis Vw;gLj;jpAk; nfhz;lhHfs;.
Mdhy;> Nkw;$wpa vt;tpj Nehf;fKkpd;wp

md;id Map\hit (uyp) khj;jpuNk mtHfs;
fd;dpauhf jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;lhHfs;> vdNt
mtHfs; jpUkzk; Kbj;j Vida ngz;fNsh
fd;dpfSk; fpilahJ> FkhpfSk; fpilahJ>
NguofpfSk; fpilahJ. vdNt ,tH ngz; Nkhfk;
nfhz;l xU kdpjuhf ,Uf;f KbAkh?.
epr;rakhf mtH xU kdpjNu! mtH nja;tk;

fpilahJ. NkYk; nrhy;tjhapd; gps;isfs; ,Uf;f
Ntz;Lnkd;w MHtk; $l mtHfis gy
jpUkzq;fis nra;aj; J}z;bapUf;fyhk;. NkYk;
mtHfSf;F nghUshjhu trjpapd;ik ,Ue;Jk;> jkJ
nghpa FLk;gj;jpd; nghWg;Gfis mjd; tsHr;rpf;fhf
jkJ Njhs;kPJ Rke;J nfhz;lhHfs;. NkYk; jkJ
kidtpaH midthplj;jpYk; ghugl;rkpd;wp rhprkkhf
ele;J nfhz;lhHfs;. ve;j re;jHg;gj;jpYk; mtHfSf;F
,ilapy; Vw;wj;jho;T fhl;bajpy;iy.
NkYk; Vida jkJ Ke;ija egpkhHfs; vg;gb

jkJ kidtpkhHfNshL ey;y Kiwapy; ele;J
nfhz;lhHfNsh mNj Nghy; jhKk; mtHfs; topapy;
nray;gl;L te;jhHfs;> vdNt mtHfs; gw;wpa
tho;f;ifia ehk; rhpahf njhpe;J nfhs;stpy;iy
vd;gNj jtpu. vg;NghJ mtHfsJ tho;f;ifia rhptu
njhpe;J nfhs;fpNwhNkh mg;NghJ mtHfsJ FLk;g
tho;f;if rk;ge;jkhfTk; rhptu mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.
73
(th.carlyle) vd;w Mq;fpy vOj;jhsH

Fwpg;gpLk; NghJ: epahakpd;wp> mepahakhf Fw;wk;
Rkj;jg;gl;l NghJk;> epr;rakhf K`k;kj; ngz;
Nkhfk; nfhz;ltuhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. mtHfis Nkhfk;
nfhz;ltH vd;Wk; > mtHfSf;F jd; ,r;iria
jPHg;gij jtpu NtW Nehf;fk; fpilahJ vd;Wk;
vz;Zk; NghJ jhd; ehk; kpfg; ngUk; mstpy;
jtwpiof;;fpNwhk;. mtH mg;gbg;gl;lthpy;iy> mtHfs;;
mg;gz;Gfis tpl;Lk; kpfj;J}ukhdtHfs;;.
egp (]y;) mtHfs; ,iwj;J}jNu

vd;gjw;fhd FHMd;> Rd;dhtpypUe;J rpy
Mjhuq;fs;
my;FHMdpypUe;J:
my;yh`; $Wfpwhd;: K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfs;
cq;fspd; Mz;fspy; vtUf;Fk; je;ijay;yH> khwhf
,iwtdpd; J}jUk;> egpkhHfspd;
,WjpahdtUkhthHfs; ( my; m`;]hg; 40).
NkYk;> egp <]h (miy) mtHfs; thapyhf

,Q;[yP ; Ntjj;jpy; my;yh`; K`k;kj; (]y;)
mtHfspd; egpj;Jtj;ijf; nfhz;L ed;khuhak;
$wpAs;shd;. my;yh`; $Wfpwhd;: egpNa epidT
$WtPuhf kHakpd; kfd; <]h (miy) mtHfs;>
,];uNtyHfNs! ehd; cq;fs; ,iwJ}juhNtd;
cq;fsplKs;s jt;uhj; Ntjj;ij cz;ikg;
gLj;jf;$batdhfTk;> NkYk; vdf;Fg;gpd; tutpUf;Fk;
m`;kj; vd;w egpiag;gw;wp ed;khuhak;
$wf;$batdhfTk; ehd; te;Js;Nsd; vd;W $wpaij
epidT $WtPuhf. (m];]h/g; 6)
74
NkYk; my;yh`; $Wfpwhd;: mtHfs;

vj;jifNahnud;why;> jq;fsplKs;s jt;uhj;jpYk;>
,Q;[PypYk; mtiug;gw;wp vOjg;gl;ltuhf
fhz;fpwhHfNs> mj;jifa (vOjg;gbf;fj; njhpahj)
ck;kp egpahd ,j;J}jiu gpd;gw;WfpwhHfs;
(,j;J}jNuh) mtHfis ed;ikahd fhhpaq;fisr;
nra;AkhW Vtp> ghtkhd fhhpaq;fspypUe;J mtHfis
tpyf;FthH> ey;yitfisNa mtHfSf;F cz;z
mtH MFkhf;fpAk; itg;ghH. nfl;ltw;iw
mtHfSf;Fj; jLj;JtpLthH. mtHfSila
gSitAk;> mtHfs; kPjpUe;j mj;jifa
fbdkhditfisAk; (,ul;rfdpd; mDkjp nfhz;L)
mtHfis tpl;Lk; ePf;fptpLthH> MfNt mtiu
cz;ikahfNt tpRthrpj;J ,d;Dk; mtiu fz;zpak;
nra;J. mtUf;F cjtpAk; Ghpe;J mtUf;F ,wf;fp
itf;fg;gl;l xspkpf;f ,t;Ntjj;ijAk;
gpd;gw;WfpwhHfNs mj;jifNahH mtHfs; jhk;
ntw;wpahsHfshtH. (my; m/uhg; 157)
]{d;dh (egpthf;fpypUe;J) :
ehafk; (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;: vdf;Fk;>

vdf;F Ke;jpa egpkhHfSf;Fk; cjhuzk; XH mofpa
tPl;il fl;ba xUtdpd; cjhuzk; Nghy> mtd;
mt;tPl;il nkUFgLj;jp G+uzkhf;fpdhd;. Mdhy; xH
nrq;fw; fy;ypd; ,ilntsp khj;jpuk; tpl;bUe;jhd;>
gpd;dH mt;tPl;il kf;fs; tyk; te;J Mr;rhpag;gl;ldH.
NkYk; $wpdhHfs;> ,e;j ,lj;jpYk; xU nrq;fw;
fy;iy itj;Jg; G+uzkhf;fpapUf;f $lhjh? vd;wdH>
ehd;jhd; me;j nrq;fy;> ehNd egpkhHfspd;
,WjpahdtH vd;W egp (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;.
(G`hhp> K];ypk;)
75
Ke;ija ,iwNtjq;fspy; K`k;kj; egp

(]y;) gw;wp
mjh ,g;D narhH (uyp) $wpdhHfs;: ehd;
mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D mk;H ,g;D M]; (uyp) mtHfsplk;
jt;uhj; Ntjj;jpNy egp (]y;) mth;fisg;gw;wpa
tHzidia vdf;F mwptpf;Fk; gb tpdtpNdd;.
mjw;ftHfs; Mk; vd;W $wptpl;L> epr;rakhf
(GHfhdpNy) tHzpf;fg; gl;lLs;s rpy tHzidfis
nfhz;Nl jt;uhj;jpYk; mtHfs; tHzpf;fg;
gl;Ls;shHfs;. egpNa! (K`k;kNj) epr;rakhf ehk;
ck;ikr; rhl;rpahsuhfTk;> ed;khuhak;
$wf;$batuhfTk;> vr;rhpf;if nra;gtuhfTk;>
vOjg;gbf;fj; njhpahj (mugpaHfSf;F) fhg;ghsuhfTk;
mDg;gpAs;Nshk;. ePH vd;Dila mbahH> NkYk;
vd;Dila J}jH> ehd; cdf;F (my; Kjtf;fpy;)
my;yh`;it rhHe;jpUg;gtH vd;W ngahpl;Nld;.
NfhgNkh> ,uf;fkw;wtNuh> filj;njUf;fspy;
Rw;wpj;jpupgtNuh> nfLjpia nfLjiyf; nfhz;L
jLg;gtNuh my;yH> khw;wkhf jtWfis kd;dpj;J
tpLgtH. mtiuf; nfhz;L ,];yhk; khHf;fj;ij
epiyehl;Lk;tiuapYk;. NkYk; mtHfs;
tzf;fj;jpw;Fupatd; my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtW
ahUkpy;iy vd;W nrhy;Yk; tiuf;Fk; >mtiuf;
nfhz;L cz;ikia tpl;Lk; FUlhd fz;fis >
Cikahd tha;fis > nrtplhd fhJfis> jpwf;fr;
nra;Ak; tiuapYk;> mtuJ capiu ehd; ifg;gw;w
khl;Nld;. (G`hhp)
iggpspd; gioa Vw;ghl;bYk;- Gjpa Vw;ghl;bYk;

,NaR $Wfpd;w vjpH fhyj; J}JtH gw;wpa jPHf;f
jhprd trdq;fs; cs;sd.
Fwpg;ghf ,iwj; J}jH K`k;kj; (]y;)
mtHfisg; gw;wpa gy;NtW Kd;dwptpg;Gfs;
76
(jPHf;fjhprd ciufs; ) gioa Vw;ghl;by; cs;sd .

mtiuj;jtpu NtW vtiuAk; Fwpf;ftpy;iy vd;gJ
Nghd;w trdq;fs; gioa Vw;ghl;by; ,Ug;gij ,q;Nf
fhz;Nghk;.
,e;j jPHf;f jhprd ciufs; ,iwtdhy;
NkhN]Tf;F mUsg;gLfpd;wJ. NkhN]ia NghyNt
xU khHf;f epWtdiu (jiytiu)ek;gpf;ifahsupd;
r%fj;jpw;F cupa mofpa vLj;Jf; fhl;il
,];uNtyHfspd; rNfhju rKjhaj;jpypUe;J vOg;gr;
nra;Ntd; vd ,iwtd; $Wfpwhd.; (iggps;)
cd;idg; NghnyhU jPh;f;f jhprpia ehd;
mtHfSf;fhf cq;fsJ rNfhjuupypUe;J vOg;gg;
gz;zp vk; thHijfis mtH thapy; mUSNtd; .
ehd; mtUfF fw;gpj;jijnay;yhk; mtH nrhy;thH.
vk; ehkj;jpdhNy mtH nrhy;Yk; vd; thHj;ijfSf;F
nrtp nfhlhjtd; vtNdh mtid ehd; tprhhpg;Ngd;.
(iggps; 18 – 20)
,iwj;J}ju; K`k;kj; egp (]y;) mtHfspd;

tho;f;if tuyhNwhL ew;njhlHG cs;stHfs; (me;j
trdq;fs;) me;j ,iwj;J}jiuj; jtpu NtW vtUf;Fk;
nghUj;jkhf ,Uf;fhJ vd;gij vspjhf czHthHfs;.
K`k;kj; egp (]y;) mtHfs;jhd;
NkhN]iag; Nghy; rhjhuzkhfg; ngw;NwhUf;Fg; gpwe;J
jpUkzk;Kbj;J ek;gpf;ifahsHfspd; r%fj;ij
mikj;J > kpfg; ngupa mstpy; rl;lq;fis epWtp
,aw;ifahd kuzj;ij mile;jhH . ,NaRTf;F ,J
nghUe;jhJ Gjpa Vw;ghl;Lg;; Gj;jfj;ijg; ftdkhfg;
gbj;jhYk; ,NaRTk; ,J Nghd;w XU jpUj;J}jH gw;wp
Kd;dwptpg;Gr; nra;tijf; ftdpf;fyhk;.
ehd; gpjhit Ntz;bf; nfhs;Ntd; mtH
vd;iwf;Fk; cq;fSld; $l ,Uf;Fk; gb rj;jpa
Mtpahfpa NtW xU Njw;wthsid mtH
cq;fSf;Fj; je;jUs;thH.
77
ghpRj;j Mtp gw;wpAk; mjd; gzpfs;

gw;wpAk; Nahthd;> Fwpg;ghf tpthpj;Js;sijAk;
ftdpg;Nghk;.
rj;jpa Mtpahfpa mtH tUk; NghJ rfy
rj;jpaj;jpw;Fs;Sk; cq;fis elj;JthH. mtH
jk;Kila Rakhfg; Ngrhky; jhk; Nfs;tpg;gl;litfs;
ahitAk; nrhy;yp tug; NghfpwitfisAk; mwptpg;ghH.
mtH vd;Dilaij vLj;J cq;fSf;F mwptpg;gjhy;
vd;id kfpikg;gLj;JthH. (Nahthd;:13- 14)
,e;j Kd;dwptpg;gpd; tpguq;fs; ghpRj;j Mtp
vd;w (mg;NghjpUe;j ngaiur; Rl;bf;fhl;Ltjy;y) tug;
Nghfpd;wtiug; gw;wpa Fwpg;Ng!
ehd; cq;fSf;F cz;ikiar; nrhy;fpNwd;.
ehd; NghtJ cq;fSf;Fg; gaDs;sjhf ,Uf;Fk;.
ehd; NghfhjpUe;jhy; Njw;wthsH cq;fsplj;jpNy
thuhu;. (Nahthd;: 16-7)
Vnddpy; ghpRj;j Mtp vd;gJ ,NaRtpd;
fhyj;jpYk; mjw;F Kd;Dk; ,Ue;jJ vd;gJ
iggpisg; gbj;jhy; GhpAk;. Nahthd; gpwg;gjw;F
Kd;dNu ghpRj;j Mtpahy; epug;gg;gl;bUe;jhH vd;Wk;
,NaRTk; Qhd];jhdj;jpd; NghJ) Gwh cUtj;jpy;
ghpRj;j Mtpahy; epug;gg;gl;lhu; vd;gijAk; iggpspy;
gbf;fpNwhk;. Mdhy; Njw;wthsH vd;gjw;F chpa
Fzf;$Wfs; vd;gij jPHf;fjhprdq;fspy; ,Ue;J ehk;
fhzyhk;.
1- mtH (Njw;wthsH) ,NaR ,t;Tyfj;ij tpl;Lk;
Nghfhky;(mtH) thuhH.
2- mtH ek;gpf;ifahsHfsplk; epue;jukhff;
FbapUg;ghH.
3- ,NaRit mtH ngUikg; gLj;JthH
4- ,iwtdplk; ,Ue;J Nfl;l nra;jpfisNa mtH
NgRthH.
78
,e;j FzNkd;ikfs; ,iwj;J}jH

K`k;kj; egp (]y;) mtHfSf;F kpfg; nghUj;jkhf
,Uf;Fk; vd;gij fPo;f; fhZk; rpW Fwpg;Gfspy;
,Ue;J Ghpe;J nfhs;syhk;.
1- ,NaRTf;Fg; gpd;dhy; te;j xNu ,iwj; J}jH

K`k;kj; egp (]y;) mtHfs;jhd;. ,NaRTf;F 6
E}w;whz;LfSf;Fg; gpd;dH mtH tUfpd;whH.
,NaRtpd; ,iwg;gzp ,];uNty; re;jjpfspd;
fhzhky; Nghd ML vd;w vy;iyNahL epd;W
tpLfpd;wJ. Mdhy; K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mtHfspd;
nra;jp cyfshtpaJ.
2- ,iwj;J}jH K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mtHfspd;
nra;jpiaj;jhd; ,iwtd; cyf KOikf;Fkhd
nra;jp epue;jukhd nra;jp vdf; $Wfpwhd;.
3- K`k;kj; egp (]y;) mtHfisg; Nghy; ,NaRitg;
ngUikg; gLj;jpg; NgrpatHfs; vtUkpy;iy.
4- ehd;fhtjhf (Njw;wthsH gw;wpa )Fz Nkd;ikfs;
,iwj;J}jH K`k;kj; egpf;Nf kpfr; Rj;jkhfg;
nghUe;Jk;.
Rakhfj; jhNd mtH Ngr khl;lhH vd;w

iggpspd; trdj;ij $Hikahfg; ghHj;jhy;
Njw;wthsH vd;w ghj;jpuj;jpd; Fz Nkd;ikfs;
K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mtHfspd; Fz
Nkd;ikfNshL kpfr; rhpahf xj;Jg;Nghtijf;
fhzyhk;.
,e;jj; jPHf;fjhprdq;fNshL kw;w gpw jPHf;f
jhprdq;fisAk; itj;Jg; ghHj;jhy; kWf;f Kbahj
xg;Gtik egp (]y;) mtHfSf;Nf nghUe;Jk;.
79
egp (]y;) mtHfsJ egpj;Jtj;ijAk;>

J}Jj;Jtj;ijAk;
cz;ikg;gLj;jf;$ba gFj;jwpT uPjpahd rpy
Mjhuq;fs;
1- egp (]y;) mtHfs; vijAk; gbf;fj;

njhpahj (ck;kp) rKjhaj;jpy;> mtHfSk; xU vOjg;
gbf;fj; njhpahjtuh (ck;kp) fNt ,Ue;jhHfs;.
mr;r%fj;jpy;; rpyNu vOjTk; thrpf;fTk;
njhpe;jpUe;jdH. Vnddpy; mtHfs; kPJ
,wf;fpaUsg;glf; $ba t`P (,iwr;nra;jp) apy;
ahUk; re;Njfk; nfhs;sNth> ,th;fshy; vOjg;gl;lJ
vd;W jtwhf epidj;JtplNth $lhJ vd;gjw;fhfNt
my;yh`; mtHfis mt;thW Mf;fpapUe;jhd;.
,J gw;wp my;yh`; $Wk; NghJ: egpNa ,jw;F

Kd;dH ve;j Ntjj;ijAk; ePH XJgtuhf
,Uf;fTkpy;iy> ckJ tyf;ifahy; ePH mjid
vOJgtuhf ,Uf;fTkpy;iy (mt;thW
,Ue;jpUg;gPuhdhy;) mg;nghOJ ,g;ngha;aHfs;
(,t;Ntjk;) my;yh`;tpdhy; mUsg;gl;ljy;y vd;W
jplkhf re;Njfk; nfhz;bUg;ghHfs;. (my; md;fG+j; 48)
nkhopahw;wyhy; vk;ik tpQ;r ahuhYk; KbahJ

vd;w kkijAld; ,Ue;j mNugpa r%fj;jhhplk; egp
(]y;) mtHfs; nfhz;L te;j my;FHMd; vd;w Ntjk;
me;j mugpaHfSf;F rthyhf mtHfshy;
Kwpabf;fKbahj mijg; Nghd;w xd;iw nfhz;L tu
Kbahj mw;Gjkhfj; jpfo;e;jJ. mJ ,d;W tiu>
cyfk; mopAkl;Lk; Kwpabf;fKbahj xU mw;GjNk!
80
egp (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;: mw;Gjq;fs;

toq;fg;glhky; ve;j xU egpAk; mDg;gg;gltpy;iy>
mij ghHj;J kf;fs; my;yh`;itAk; mtdJ
J}jiuAk; ek;gpf;iff; nfhz;lhHfs;. mNj Nghd;W
vdf;F toq;fg;gl;l mw;Gjk; (t`P) ,iwNtjk;
(my;FHMd;) MFk;. vy;yh egpkhHfis tplTk;
vd;idg; gpd;gw;wpatHfNs mjpfkhf fpahkj; ehspy;
,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkd ehd;; Mirg;gLfpNwd;> vd;gjhf.
(G`hhp , K];ypk;)
ehk; Muk;gj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghy; egpfs;

ehafk; (]y;) tho;e;j me;j r%fj;jtHfs;
nrhy;td;ik kpf;f nkhopj;jpwd; ngw;wtHfshf
,Ue;jdH. mg;gbg;gl;ltHfsplk; my;FHMd; gpd;tUkhW
rthy; tpl;lJ: ,J Nghd;w KOikahd xd;iw
nfhz;LthUq;fs; vd;W> mtHfshy; Kbatpy;iy-
my;yh`; $Wfpwhd;: (NkYk;) ehk; ek; mbahH kPJ
,wf;fpitj;j (,t;Njj;jpy;) ePq;fs; re;Njfg;gl;lhy;
,JNghd;w XH mj;jpahaj;ijahtJ ePq;fs;
nfhz;LthUq;fs;> my;yh`;itj; jtpu cq;fSf;F
cjtp nra;gtHfisnay;yhk; mioj;Jf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;> ePq;fs; cz;ikahsHfshf ,Ug;gpd;.
(my; gfwh 23)
NkYk; my;yh`; kdpj> [pd;

,UghyHfsplj;jpYk; rthy; tpLfpwhd;: ,e;j FHMidg;
Nghd;W nfhz;L tUtjw;F kdpjHfSk;> [pd;fSk;
xd;W NrHe;jhYk; ,jidg; Nghd;W mtHfs;
nfhz;Ltukhl;lhHfs;. mtHfspy; rpyH rpyUf;F
cjtpahsuhf ,Ue;jhYk; rhpNa! vd;W (egpNa ePH
$WtPuhf. ( gdP ,];uhaPy; 88)
81
2- jkf;Fk; jkJ rkjhaj;jpw;F kj;jpapYk;

Vw;gl;l Nkhjy;fs;> Kuz;ghLfSf;F kj;jpapYk;
vy;yhtpjkhd f\;lq;fisAk; mDgtpj;Jf; nfhz;L
njhlHe;Jk; jkJ miog;Gg; gzpapy; rw;Wk;
risf;fhky; <Lgl;Lte;jhHfs;> ve;j msTf;nfdpy;
mtHfis nfhd;WtpLtjd; %yk; mtHfsJ
miog;Gg;gzpf;F Kw;Wg;Gs;sp itj;Jtpl jpl;lk;
jPl;bdH> ,Ue;Jk; mtHfs; jkJ Gjpa khHf;fj;jpd;
gf;fk; miog;gjpy;>; my;yh`;tpd; khHf;fj;ij
gug;Gtjpy; njhlHe;Jk; <Lgl;Lte;jhHfs;;.
jdJ rKjhaj;jtHfs; ,ioj;j Jd;gq;fs;>

Jauq;fs;> Nrhjidfs;> Ntjidfs; midj;ijAk;
nghWj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ngha;ahd ,l;Lf;fl;lg;gl;l
xU gzpapd; gf;fk; miog;gtuhf ,Ue;jhy;- my;yh`;
ghJfhg;ghdhf- jkJ r%fk; jk;ik nfhd;WtpLk;> jhk;
mope;J tpLNthk;> ,jw;fhf mtHfsJ r%fk; thpe;J
fl;bf;nfhz;L xl;Lnkhj;jkhf mtHfis vjpHf;fj;
jahuhfpf; nfhz;bUg;gij mwpe;j khj;jpuj;jpNyNa
mt;tiog;ig mtHfs; tpl;bUg;ghHfs;.
,J gw;wp Dr. M.H. DURRANI Fwpg;gpLk;NghJ:

epr;rakhf ,e;j ek;gpf;if> njhlH Kaw;rp> kNdh
typik> cWjp vg;gbg;gl;l
; njdpy; ,itfisf;
nfhz;Ljhd; K`k;kj; jkJ ,af;fj;ij mjd;
ntw;wptiu nfhz;L nry;yf; fhuzkhf mike;jJ.
mg;gz;Gfs; jhk; mtHfsJ miog;G
cz;iknad;gjw;F kpfg;ngUk; Mjhuq;fshFk;.
khw;wkhf mtHfsJ cs;sj;jpy; jkJ miog;G gw;wp
fLfsT re;NjfNkh> jLkhw;wNkh ,Ue;jpUf;FNk
ahdhy;> njhlHe;J ,UgJ tUlq;fshf Xahky;
tPrpf;nfhz;bUe;j vjpHg;GfSf;F kj;jpapy; epr;rakhf
mtHfshy; cWjpahf ,Ue;J vjpHePr;ry; Nghl;bUf;f
KbaNt KbahJ.
82
Nehf;fj;jpd; G+uzkhd cz;ikapYk;>

Fzq;fspy; rpwe;jtuhfTk;> Mj;khtpy;
caHe;jtuhfTk; ,Ue;jhHfs; vd;gjw;F ,jw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; XH Mjhuk; Njitah? vdNt> ,j;jifa
fhuzq;fs; midj;JNk vt;tpj re;Njfj;jpw;Fk;
,lkpd;wp ,e;j kdpjH epr;rakhf cz;ikapy;
,iwj;J}jHjhd; vd;w KbTf;F ,l;Lr; nry;fpd;wJ.
,tHjhd; vk; ngUkhdhH ,iwj;J}jH K`k;kj;

(]y;) mtHfshthHfs;. mupa gz;Gfis jd;dfj;Nj
nfhz;l xU nghf;fp\khfTk;> ed;ikf;Fk;>
rpwg;GfSf;Fk; rk;G+uzkhd xU Kd;DjhuzkhfTk;;>
cz;ikf;Fk;> J}a;ikf;Fk; xU milahsr;
rpd;dkhfTk; ,Ue;jhHfs;. epr;rakhf mtHfsJ
tho;Tk;> rpe;jidfSk;> tha;ikAk;> NeHikAk;>
<ifAk;> nfhs;ifAk;> rhjidfSk; mth;fs; XH
,iwj;J}jH vd;gjw;F jdpj;Jtkhd <bizaw;w
Mjhuq;fshFk;. vtndhUtd; mtHfsJ tho;f;ifia
mwpTg;G+Htkhf gbf;fpd;whNdh> epr;rakhf mtHfs;
,iwtdpd; J}jH vd;Wk;> kdpj Fyj;jpw;F mtHfs;
nfhz;Lte;j my;FHMd; cz;ikahfNt
,iwNtjk;jhd; vd;Wk; rhd;W gfHthd;. cz;ikiaj;
Njb mij mila Ntz;Lnkd;w Nehf;fpy;
eLepiyNahL rpe;jpf;fpd;w midj;J rpe;jidahHfSk;
mtrpak; ,e;j KbitNa milthHfs;.
3- ,ay;gpNyNa mwpag;gl;l xU tplak;

ahnjdpy;> xt;nthU kdpjDk; ,t;Tyf tho;f;ifapd;
,d;gq;fshd> nrhj;J> nry;tq;fs;> kidtp> kf;fs;>
czT> cil> ghdq;fs; thfdq;fs; midj;jpd; kPJk;
tpUg;gk; nfhz;ltHfs;.
83
,J gw;wp my;yh`; $Wfpwhd; (ngz;fs;>

Mz;kf;fs;> nghd;> nts;spfspdhy; NrHj;J
itf;fg;gl;l ngUq;Ftpay;fs;> milahskplg;gl;l
Fjpiufs; > ML> khL> xl;lfk; Kjypa fhy; eilfs;>
Ntshz;ik Mfpa (kdJf;F) MirA+l;lg;gl;ltw;iw
Nerpg;gJ kdpjHfSf;F mofhfg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,it
ahTk; epiyaw;w ,t;Tyf tho;f;ifapd; mw;g
,d;gq;fNs> my;yh`;Nth mtdplj;jpy; epiyahd
mofpa jpUk;gpr; nry;Ykplk; cz;L (My ,k;uhd; 14).
vdNt xt;nthU kdpjDk; ,t;tpd;gq;fis

mile;J nfhs;s gy topfspy; Kaw;rpfs;
Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdH. vdpDk; kf;fs; mitfis
rk;ghjpj;Jf; nfhs;s NtWgl;l topfis
ifahSfpd;wdH. rpyH NeHikahd Kiwapy;
rk;ghjpaj;jpy; <LgLfpd;wdH. NtW rpyNuh
khHf;fj;jpw;F Kuzhd Kiwapy; nghUshjhuj;ij
<l;bf;nfhs;s Kidfpd;wdH> ,jid ehk; Ghpe;J
nfhs;sNtz;Lk;.
epr;rakhf K`k;kj; (]y;) mth;fs;> jkJ

miog;Gg;gzpia Muk;gpj;jNghJ mtHfsplk;;
,t;tiog;ig tpl;Ltpl Ntz;Lnkd Ntz;b
,];yhj;jpd; vjphpfs; Nguk; NgryhdhHfs;. gytpjkhd
njhpTfis egp (]y;) mtHfs; Kd;
vLj;Jitj;jhHfs;. cyf ,d;gq;fisf; nfhz;L
MHt%l;bAk;> gytpjkhd ,d;gq;fs;>
Rfz;bfisf;nfhz;Lk; kaf;fTk; Kad;wdH. NkYk;
mtHfsJ midj;Jtpjkhd MirfisAk;>
Nfhhpf;iffisAk; epiwNtw;wpj;jUtjhf
thf;fspj;jdH. egpatHfs; jiyikj;Jtj;ij
Ntz;bapUe;jhy; mtiu jiytuhf;fpapUg;ghHfs;.
mtHfs; ngz;fid jpUkzk; nra;a tpUk;gpapUe;jhy;>
kf;fhtpNyNa mofhd kq;ifia jpUkzk; Kbj;Jf;
84
nfhLj;jpUg;ghHfs;. mtHfs; nry;tj;ij

tpUk;gpapUe;jhy; mjidAk; ,e;j miog;Gg; gzpia
tpl;LtpLtjw;fhf Nrkpj;Jf; nfhLj;jpUg;ghHfs; me;j
,];yhj;jpd; vjphpfs;. Mdhy; egpatHfNsh ,iwtdpd;
topfhl;Ljypd; %yk; Cw;nwLf;Fk; cWjpahd
vz;zj;NjhL mtHfis Nehf;fpf; $wpdhHfs;: ,e;j
miog;Gg;gzpia tpl;LtpLtjw;fhf mtHfs; #hpaid
jdJ tyf;fuj;jpYk;> re;jpuid jdJ ,lf;fuj;jpYk;
itg;gjhff; $wpdhYk; $l ,g;gzp KOikailAk;
tiu my;yJ ehd; mjw;fhf capiu ,of;f
Nehpl;lhYk; ,g;gzpia ehd; tpl;Ltplkhl;Nld;
vd;whHfs;.
vdNt egp (]y;) mtHfs; xU ngha;ahd

miog;gpd; gf;fk; miof;ff;$batuhf
,Ue;jpUg;ghHfNsahdhy; (my;yh`; ghJfhg;ghdhf)
mtHfspd; ,g;Nguj;ij Vw;W ,r;re;jHg;gj;ij gad;
gLj;jpapUg;ghHfs;> Vnddpy; mtHfs;Kd; itf;fg;gl;l
njhpTfs; cyf Mjhaq;fis Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;L
tho;gtHfspd; caHe;j ,yl;rpaq;fshFk;;.
lhf;lH JHuhdp njhlHe;Jk; ,J gw;wp Fwpg;gpLk;

NghJ: egp (]y;) mtHfs; kf;fhtpy; 13 tUlq;fSk;
kjPdhtpy; 10 tUlq;fSkhf ,iltplhJ njhlH
f\;lq;fis mDgtpj;J te;jNghJk;> xU kaphpio
msT $l mtHfs; jd; epiyia tpl;Lk;
fPopwq;ftpy;iy. mtHfs; cWjpahfTk;> jhd; nfhz;l
nfhs;ifapNy ek;gpf;ifNahLk;> Nehf;fj;ij epiwT
nra;tjpy; mirf;f KbahjtuhfTk; ,Ue;jhHfs;.
mtHfs; nfhz;L te;j ,iwkhHf;fj;ijAk;> mjw;fhd
miog;igAk; tpl;Ltplf;Nfhhp mtHfspd; fhybapy;
nry;tq;fis Ftpg;gjhff; $wpaNghJk;. mtHfis
jiytuhf mq;ff P hpg;gjhf Koq;fpaNghJk;> mtHfs;
me;j Mir thHj;ijfSf;F mbikg;glhJ> Vd;
85
mitfSf;Fg; gjpyhd fbdk; epiwe;j

miog;Gg;gzpapy; njhlHe;Jk; <Lgl;lhHfs;. Vd; epk;kjp>
re;Njh\k;> Ml;rp> mjpfhuk;> nghUshjhuk;
Nghd;wtw;wp;f;F ,k;kpasTk; Mirg;gltpy;iy?
,itfSf;F tpilfhz Ntz;Lnkdpy; xUtd;
Mokhf ,Jgw;wp rpe;jpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
4- ahnuy;yhk; gjtpapy;; jiyikj;Jtj;jpy;

,Uf;fpwhHfNsh mtHfspd; MSiff;Ff; fPOs;s
midj;J tsq;fisAk;;> kf;fs; gyj;ijAk;; jkJ
fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs;> jhk; tpUk;gpa tpjj;jpy; mitfis
jkJ NjitfSf;F gad;gLj;j mjpfhuk;
ngw;wpUg;ghHfs; vd;gJ cyfwpe;j cz;ikahFk;.
Mdhy; K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfNsh mj;jifa Ml;rp>
mjpfhuj;jpy; ,Ue;Jk; epr;rakhf cyf tho;f;if
epiyaw;wJ> mope;Jtplf;$baJ vd;gij
mwpe;jpUe;jhHfs;.
,J gw;wp mg;Jy;yh`; mwptpf;fpwhHfs;: egp

(]y;) mtHfs; <r;rk; ghapy; gLj;jpUe;jjhy; mtHfsJ
Nkdpapy; mjd; milahsq;fs; mg;gbNa
gjpe;jpUe;jij fz;l ehd; egp (]y;)
mtHfisg;ghHj;J ,iwtdpd; J}jNu! vdJ jhAk;>
je;ijAk; mHg;gzkhfl;Lk;. ePq;fs; vq;fSf;F
mDkjpaspj;jhy; cq;fspd; Nkdp ghjpf;fhkypUf;f
mg;ghapd; kPJ xU tphpg;ig (gQ;rizia) tphpj;Jj;
jUNthk; vd;Nwd;> mjw;F egp (]y;) ,e;j cyFf;Fk;
vdf;Fk; kj;jpapy; cs;s njhlHG ,isg;ghUtjw;fhf
xU kuj;jpd; epoypy; rw;W mkHe;J tpl;L gpd; jdJ
gazj;ijj; njhlUk; xU gpuahzpia- topg;
Nghf;fid - Nghd;wjhFk; vdf;$wpdhHfs;. (jpHkpjp).
86
NkYk; egp (]y;) mtHfisg; gw;wp E/khd;

,g;D g\PH (uyp) mth;fs; $WfpwhHfs;: cq;fs; egp
(]y;) mtHfis ehd; fz;Nld;> mtHfs; juj;jpy;
Fiwe;j (ngUkjpaw;w) <r;rk; goq;fisf; $l jkJ
tapw;iw epug;Gtjw;F ngw;Wf; nfhs;shjtuhfNt
(vspikahd) Kiwapy; tho;e;jhHfs;. ( K];ypk;)
NkYk; mG+ `_iuuh (uyp) mtHfs;

mwptpf;fpwhHfs;: egp (]y;) mtHfspd;
FLk;gj;jpdHfs;> egp (]y;) mtHfspd; capH
ifg;gw;wg;gLk; tiu %d;W ehl;fs; njhlHe;J tapuhw
rhg;gpl;lNj ,y;iy. (G`hhp>K];ypk;)
,j;jidf;Fk; mNugpa jPgfw;gk; KOtJk;

mtHfsJ MSiff;Ff; fPopUe;jJ. K];ypk;fSf;F
fpilj;j gad;fSf;nfy;yhk; mtHfNs fhuzkhf
,Ue;Jk; rpy rkaq;fspy; jkf;Fg; NghJkhd czit
mtHfs; ngw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iy.
,J gw;wp mtHfsJ kidtp md;id Map\h

(uyp) $WfpwhHfs;: egp (]y;) mtHfs; jkJ Aj;jf;
ftrj;ij mlkhdkhf xU A+jhplk; itj;J
czTg;nghUl;fis jtizapl;L thq;fpdhHfs;.
(G`hhp)
egp (]y;) mtHfs; jhk; tpUk;Gfpd;wtw;iw

ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Kbahky; ,Ue;jhHfs; vd;gjy;y
,jd; mHj;jk;; khw;wkhf mtHfSf;FKd;
gs;spthrypy; czTg;nghUl;fs; xt;nthU ehSk;
te;JNrHe;j tz;zkpUf;Fk;. egp (]y;) mtHfs;
mg;nghUl;fis Vio> vspatHfSf;F gfpHe;J
mspf;fhky; mt;tplj;ij tpl;Lk; efukhl;lhHfs;.
NkYk; mtHfsJ NjhoHfspy; nry;tr; nropg;Gk;>
nghUshjhu trjpAk; nfhz;ltHfs; md;dhUf;fhf
87
Ntz;bakl;Lk; nfhLj;Jjt xUtUf;nfhUtH

Nghl;bNghl;Lf;nfhz;L jahuhf ,Ue;Jk; $l ,t;Tyf
tho;f;ifapd; ajhHj;jj;ij egp (]y;) ed;whf
mwpe;jpUe;jjhy; mitfis Vw;f kWj;jhHfs; NkYk;
$wpdhHfs;: my;yh`;tpd; kPJ Mizahf kWikNahL
xg;gpLk;NghJ ,t;Tyfj;jpd; ngUkjp xUtH jkJ
Ml;fhl;b tpuiy flypDs; Eioj;J ntspNa
vLj;jhy; mf;flypd; ePH mtuJ if tpuypy; vt;tsT
xl;b te;jnjd;gij ghHf;fl;Lk;> mJ Nghd;wNj
,t;Tyfk; vd;whHfs;. (K];ypk;)
NkYk;> Lady E. Cobold vd;gtH jkJ

`[;[_f;fhf kf;fh (1934 – London) vd;w jkJ
E}ypy; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH: K`k;kj; vd;gtH mNugpa
jPgfw;gj;jpd; Ml;rp kw;Wk; Md;kPfj;jiytuhf ,Ue;Jk;
$l mtHfs; jkf;nfhU gl;lg; ngaH #l;bf; nfhs;tJ
gw;wp rpe;jpf;ftpy;iy. NkYk; jhk; ntw;wp nfhz;l
gFjpfspy; KjyPPLfs; nra;tjpy; <Lgltpy;iy.
khw;wkhf mtHfs; NghJnkd;w vz;zj;jpNyNa
njhlHe;Jk; ,Ue;J te;jhHfs;. Vnddpy; mtHfs;
,iwj;J}juhfTk;> K];ypk;fspd; NrtfuhfTk; ,Ue;J
tho;e;J te;jhHfs;.
mtHfs; jkJ tPl;L Ntiyfis jhNk

nra;Jk;> jkJ ghjzpfis jhNk rhp nra;Jnfhs;sf;
$batuhfTk;> jahs Fzk; nfhz;ltuhfTk; gpwH
ed;ik Ngzf;$batuhfTk; ,Ue;J te;jhHfs;.
mNefkhd Neuq;fspy; jkf;Nf NghJkhd trjpfs;
,y;yhj NghJk; Vio> vspatHfs; jk;ik ehb te;J
VjhtJ Nfl;ghHfshapd; jk;kplkpUe;jijf;
nfhLj;JjTthHfs;.
88
5- jhKk;> jk;ikr; NrHe;jtHfSk; epuguhjp

vd;W ep&gpj;J cz;ik vd;dntd;W njspTgLj;j
Ntz;ba rpy ftiyahd> Nkhrkhd epfo;Tfs; $l
egp (]y;) mtHfSf;F epfo;e;jJk; cz;L>
mg;Nghnjy;yhk; ,iwtdplkpUe;J t`P te;J mJ
gw;wpa njspT jk;kPJ ,wf;fg;glhkypUf;Fk;
Nghnjy;yhk; mt;tplaq;fs; rk;ge;jkhf ve;j xU
KbTk; vLf;f KbahJ NghFk;. vdNt t`P tUk;
tiu ftiyNahLk;> Mj;jpuj;NjhLk; fhj;jpUg;ghHfs;.
,j;jifa tplaq;fspy; xd;Wjhd; egp (]y;)

mtHfis khdgq;fg;gLj;jpl mtHfs; kidtp md;id
Map\h (uyp) ,d; kPJ xUtiu rk;ge;jg;gLj;jp
mtJ}W $wpdH my;yh`;tpd; vjphpfs;. vdNt egp
(]y;) mtHfs; jkJ kidtpapd; kPJ Rkj;jg;gl;l
mtr;nrhy;ypypUe;J mtiu J}a;ikg;gLj;jp
epuguhjpnad;W t`P ,iwr;nra;jp tUk;tiu
mtHfspd; vjphpfspd; fpz;ly;> Nfypf;F kj;jpapy; xU
khjk; tiu nghWj;jpUe;jhHfs;. Mdhy; mtHfs;
ngha;auhf ,Ue;jpUg;ghNuahdhy; ,g;gpur;idf;F
mq;qzNk VNjh xU Kbit $wpapUg;ghHfs;> Mdhy;
mtHfNsh ,iwtdpd; J}jH> jd; kNdh ,r;irg;gb
vjidAk; Ngrkhl;lhHfs;.
6- egp (]y;) mtHfs; jhKk; xU rhjhud

kdpjHjhd; vd;gij kPwpa xU Nkyhd me;j];j;ij
tpUk;gpajpy;iy> vdNt mtHfs; vd;WNk jk;ik
kw;wtHfs; kfj;Jtg;gLj;Jtij Nghd;w nray;fisf;
fz;lhy; nghUe;Jf;nfhs;s khl;lhHfs;.
,J gw;wp md]; (uyp) $WfpwhHfs;: egp (]y;)

mtHfis tpl Nerj;jpw;Fhpa xU kdpjH mtHfsJ
NjhoHfSf;F ,Ue;jjpy;iy> ,Ue;Jk; mtHfs; tUif
je;jhy; mkHe;jpUg;gtHfs; ahUk; mtHfSf;fhf
89
vOe;J epw;fkhl;lhHfs;> Vnddpy; mtHfs; mt;thW

nra;tij ntWf;ff;$bath;fshf ,Ue;jhHfs;;.
(jpHkpjp)
W. Irving vd;gtH egp (]y;) mtHfisg;gw;wp

Fwpg;gpLk;NghJ: gy ,uhZt ntw;wpfis egp
K`k;kj; (]y;) fz;lNghJk; mt;ntw;wpfnsy;yhk;
mtHfis Mztk;> mfk;ghtk; nfhz;L elg;gtuhf
Mf;fptpltpy;iy. Vnddpy; mtHfs; ,];yhj;jpw;fhf
Ntz;b Nghuhlf;$batuhf ,Ue;jhHfNs jtpu jkJ
nrhe;j eyidf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L Nghuhltpy;iy.
mtHfsJ Gfo; thidj; njhl;L epd;w NtisapYy;
$l mtHfs; kpfTk; gzpthd xU rhjhuz kdpjiug;
Nghd;Nw ,Ue;jhHfs;.
xU gpukhz;lkhd ,];yhkpa Ml;rpia epWtpa

epiyapYk; mtHfs; xU mitf;Fs; EioAk; NghJ
mtHfSf;fhf mq;F mke;jpUg;gtHfs; khpahij
nra;tjw;fhf Ntz;b vOe;J epw;gijNah> my;yJ
msT fle;J tuNtw;gijNah mtHfs; ntWf;ff;
$batuhf ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,tH xU NeHikahd
Ml;rpahsuhf ,Ue;jhHfs;. NkYk; Ml;rpg; gjtpia
jkf;Fg;gpd; jkJ thhpRfSf;Fr; NruNtz;Lk; vd;W
xUNghJk; vz;zpaJkpy;iy mJgw;wpr;
rpe;jpj;jJkpy;iy.
7- egp (]y;) mtHfspd; rpy jtwhd

gpioahd nray;fis fz;bj;Jk;> gopj;Jk;
my;FHMdpy; rpy trdq;fs; ,wf;fg;gly;:
vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf: my;yh`; $Wfpwhd;: egpNa!

ck;Kila kidtpapd; nghUj;jj;ij ePH Njbatuhf
my;yh`; ckf;F MFkhf;fp itj;jij ePH Vd;
rj;jpak; nra;J ùhk; vd;W tpyf;fpf;nfhz;BH? NkYk;
90
my;yh`; kpf;f kd;dpf;fpd;wtd;.

kpff;fpUigAilatd;. (mj;j`;hk
P ; 1)
,j;jpUkiw trdk; ,wq;ff; fhuzk; egp

(]y;) mtHfs; rpy kidtp khHfspd; Ntz;LNfhSf;F
,zq;f Njd; rhg;gpLtij jkf;F ùhkhf;fpf;
nfhz;lhHfs;. clNd egpatHfspd; ,r; nraiyf;
fz;bj;J my;yh`; t`p ,wf;fpdhd;.
NkYk; egp (]y;) mtHfs; jG+f; Aj;jj;jpy;

fye;J nfhs;shky; ,Ue;j eatQ;rfHfspd;
rhf;FNghf;Ffis Vd;> vjw;F vd;W jPu tprhhpj;J ahH
ngha;aH ahH cz;ikahsH vd;gij jPHkhdpf;fhky;
tpiuthf mtHfsJ fhuzq;fis Vw;Wf;
nfhz;lijapl;L egp(]y;) mtHfis my;yh`; gpd;
tUkhW fz;bf;fpwhd;: my;yh`; ck;ik
kd;dpj;jUs;thdhf NghUf;fhf tuhky; jq;fptpl;l
mtHfspy; cz;ik nrhy;gtHfs; ahH vd;gJ
ckf;Fj; njspthfp ngha;aHfis ePh; mwpAk; tiu
Vd; mth;fSf;F ePH mDkjpaspj;jPH? ( mj;jt;gh 43)
NkYk; my;yh`; $Wfpwhd;: ve;j egpf;Fk;

,uj;jj;ij G+kpapy; Xl;lhj tiuapy; NghHf;ifjpfs;
mtUf;F ,Ug;gJ jFkhdjy;y> ePq;fs; ,t;Tyfg;
nghUis ehLfpwPHfs;. my;yh`;Nth cq;fSila
kWik tho;it ehLfpwhd;> ,d;Dk; my;yh`;
kpifj;jtd;> jPHf;fkhd mwpTilatd;
my;yh`;tplkpUe;J XH vOj;J Ke;jptplhjpUg;gpd;>
ePq;fs; (gj;Ug;Nghhpd; NghJ <l;Lg;gzj;ij)
vLj;Jf;nfhz;ljpy; kfj;jhdnjhU Ntjid cq;fisg;
gpbj;jpUf;Fk;. (my; md;/ghy; : 67-68)
91
md;id Map\h (uyp) mwptpf;fpwhHfs;:

my;yh`; ,wf;fpatw;wpypUe;J VjhtJ xd;iw
kf;fSf;F $whky; kiwg;gjhf ,Ue;jhy; egp (]y;)
mtHfs; ,j;jpUkiw trdj;ij kiwj;jpUg;ghHfs;>
mjhtJ my;yh`; $Wfpwhd; : egpiag; ghHj;J:
my;yh`; ntspahf;f ,Ue;jij ePH ck;kdjpy;
kiwj;jpUe;jPH> NkYk; kdpjHfSf;F ePH gag;gLfpwPH>
,d;Dk; my;yh`; mtd;jhd; ePH gag;gLtjw;F kpf
chpatd>; kdpjHfs; my;y. (G`hhp>K];ypk;)
NkYk; my;yh`; $Wfpwhd;: jd; egpiag;

ghHj;J egp (]y;) mtHfs; c`j; Aj;jj;jpy; jkJ
jiyntl;Lg;gl;L> gy; cilf;fg;gl;lNghJ „jq;fs;
egpAila jiyia cilj;j $l;lj;jpdH vg;gb
ntw;wpngwg; NghfpwhHfs;?‟ vd;W $wpa NghJ> egpNa!
,f;fhhpaj;jpy; ehk; fl;lisapl;lijj; jtpu ckf;F
ahnjhU mjpfhuKkpy;iy (My ,k;uhd; 128). vd;w
trdk; my;yh`;tplkpUe;J ,wq;fpaJ.
NkYk;: egp (]y;) mtHfs; Fiu\pfisr;

NrHe;j ngUk; jiytHfis Nehf;fp miog;Gg;gzpapy;
<Lgl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jNghJ mt;tplj;jpw;F khHf;fg;
Nghjid ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;b FUluhd
mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D ck;kp kf;J}k; vd;w ]`hgp
te;jhHfs;> egp (]y;) mtHfs; mthpd; ]yhKf;F
gjpYiuf;fhky; Kfj;ij fLikahf;fpf; nfhz;L
mtiutpl;Lk; Kfj;ij jpUg;gpf; nfhz;lhHfs;>
,r;nraiyf; fz;bj;J my;yh`; egp (]y;)
mtHfisg;ghHj;J gpd; tUkhW $wpdhd;: (ekJ
egpahfpa) mtH fLfLj;jhH> NkYk; Gwf;fzpj;jhH-
jd;dplk; ghHitapy;yhjtH te;jjw;fhf (egpNa)!
ck;kplk; te;j mtH ghpRj;jthdhf Mfptplf;$Lk;
vd;gij ckf;F vJ mwptpj;jJ.? ( #uh mg] 1-3).
92
vdNt egp (]y;) mth;fs; xU ngha;auhf

,Ue;jpUg;ghHfNsahdhy; ehk; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l egp (]y;)
mtHfis fz;bj;J my;yh`; ,wf;fpa jpUkiw
trdq;fs; my;FHMdpy; ,lk; ngw;wpUf;fhJ jkf;Fg;
ghjfkhf ,wf;fg;gl;l mt;trdq;fis mtH
kiwj;jpUf;fyhk;.
Lightner vd;gtH jdJ ,];yhkpa khHf;fk;

vd;w E}ypy; gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpwhH: egp K`k;kj;
nry;thf;Fkpf;f xU jiythplk;
Ngrpf;nfhz;bUe;jNtis XH vspatH mthplk;
r%fkspj;j NghJ jkJ Kfj;ijf; fLfLj;J jpUg;gpf;
nfhz;likf;fhf my;yh`; fLikahf mtiu
fz;bj;J t`P ,wf;fpdhd;> mt;t`P mg;gbNa
my;FHMdpy; gpuRhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. fpU];Jt
kilaHfsps; rpyH mtHfs; Nghpy; $WtJ
cz;ikahf ,Ug;gpd; me;j ,iwr;nra;jpfs;
my;FHMdpy; ,lk; ngw;wpUf;fhJ.
8- egp (]y;) mtHfspd; J}Jj;Jtk;

cz;ikahdJ vd;gjw;F kpfj;njspthd Mjhuq;fspy;
xd;Wjhd;> egpfsJ rpwpa je;ijahd mG+ y`g;
eufthjp> mtd; eufj;ijr; nrd;wilthd; vd;W
jPHg;gpl;L ,wq;fpa my;k]j; mj;jpahakhFk;.
,t;tj;jpahak; mtHfsJ miog;Gg;gzpapd;
njhlf;fj;jpy; ,wf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. mtH xU ngha;g;
gpur;rhufuhf ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; ,J Nghd;W cWjpahd
rl;lj;ij jPh;khdkhf nrhy;ypapUf;f KbahJ.
Vnddpy; mtHfsJ rpwpa je;ij xU Ntis
mtHfis Vw;Wf;nfhs;thH vd;W vz;zpapUf;fyhk;.
93
,J gw;wp Gary Miller vd;gtH tpag;Gf;Fhpa

my;FHMd; vd;w E}ypy; Fwpg;gpLk;NghJ: mG+ y`g;
vd;w ,e;j kdpjd; ,];yhj;ij kpff; fLikahf
ntWf;ff;$batdhf ,Ue;jhd;> ve;j msTf;nfdpy;
egp K`k;kj; (]y;) nrhy;yf;$ba thHj;ijfis
vt;tpjg; gpuNahrdKkw;wjhf Mf;fp nraypof;fr;
nra;tjw;fhf Ntz;b mtHfs; vq;nfy;yhk; nrd;W
gpur;rhuk; nra;thHfNsh mq;nfy;yhk; mtHfisg;
gpd;njhlHe;J nry;yf; $batdhf ,Ue;jhd;. egp
(]y;) mtHfs; ahuhtJ mwpKfkw;w GJkdpjHfNshL
Ngrpf;nfhz;bUe;jhy; mtHfs; jkJ Ngr;ir
Kbf;Fk;tiu fhj;jpUe;J mg;Gjpa kdpjHfsplk; nrd;W
K`k;kj; vd;d $wpdhH? mtH cq;;fSf;F
xd;iwg;ghHj;J mJ nts;is vd;why; fUg;ghFk;>
fUg;G vd;why;; nts;isahFk;. mtH ,untd;why;
gfyhFk;> gfnyd;why; ,uthFk; vd;W $Wthd;. ,jd;
Nehf;fk; mtd; egp (]y;) mtHfs; vijf; $wpdhYk;
mjw;F khw;wkhfNt kf;fsplk; Ngha; nrhy;yp>
kf;fis ntWg;Ngw;wp mtHfs; kPJ re;Njfpf;f
itg;gjhFk;. mG+y`g; ,wg;gjw;F 10 tUlq;fSf;F
Kd; (my;k]j;) vd;w mj;jpahak; ,wq;fpaJ.
,t;tj;jpahak; jPHkhdkhf $WfpwJ. epr;rakhf mG+
y`g; eufpy; Eiothndd;Wk;> mtd; ,];yhj;jpy;
Eioa khl;lhndd;Wk; @ vdNt ,ilg;gl;l me;j gj;J
tUl fhyj;Jf;Fs; K`k;kj; egpia> mth;fsJ
miog;Gg; gzpiag; ngha;ahf;fp mtd; kf;fs; Kd;
te;J kf;fNs! K`k;kj; $WfpwhH: ehd; ,];yhj;ij
Vw;f khl;Nldhk;> mjdhy; ehd; eufpy; EioNtd;
vd;fpwhH. Mdhy; ehd; ,g;NghJ gfpuq;fkhf
mwptpf;fpNwd; ehd; ,];yhj;jpy; Eioe;J K];ypkhf
tpUk;GfpNwd;! ,g;NghJ $Wq;fs;: K`k;kj;
nrhy;yf;$ba tplaq;fspy; cz;ikahsuh? my;yJ
,y;iyah? mtUf;F tuf;$ba (t`P) ,iwr;nra;jp>
,iwr;nra;jpjhdh? vd;W nrhy;ypapUf;fyhk;> Mdhy;
94
mG+y`g; ,ijr; nra;aNt ,y;iy> mtDila

midj;Jr; nray;fSk; egp (]y;) mtHfSf;F khw;wk;
nra;tjhfNt ,Ue;jJ> ,Ue;Jk; ,t;tplaj;jpy;
khj;jpuk; ,iwtd; jPHg;Gf;F khw;wkhf nray;gl
Kbatpy;iy.
egp (]y;) mtHfs; mG+yìgg; ghHj;J eP

vd;id ntWf;fpd;wha;> NkYk; vd;id vd; gzpiar;
nra;atplhJ jLf;f tpUk;Gfpwha;> rhp ed;W> vd;
Ngr;ir Kwpabf;f cdf;F xU re;jHg;gk; ,Uf;fpwJ
KbAnkd;why; nra;J fhl;L ghHf;fyhk; vd;W
$Wtijg;Nghy; ,r;rk;gtk; ,Uf;fpwJ. vdpDk; mtd;
gj;J tUlfhy ,ilntspapUe;Jk; K];ypkhf
khwTkpy;iy> ,];yhkpaidg;Nghy;
fhl;bf;nfhs;sTkpy;iy.
kpf vspjhf xU nehbg;nghOjpy; ,];yhj;ij

mopj;njhopj;jpl mtdplk; gj;J tUlfhy re;jHg;gk;
,Ue;jJ> MdhYk; epr;rakhf me;j Ntjthf;F
K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfspd; ehtpypUe;J
ntspte;jjy;yNt> Vnddpy; kiwthdtw;iw vtd;
mwpe;jtdhf ,Uf;fpd;whNdh mtdJ thf;fhFk;.
epr;rakhf mtNd mG+y`g; K];ypkhf khl;lhd;
vd;gij mwpthd;. me;j mj;jpahak; Fwpg;gpl;lgb
mG+y`g; mNj epiyapy;jhd; njhlHe;Jk;
,Ug;ghndd;gij ,J my;yh`;Tila t`P
mwptpg;ghf ,y;yhjpUe;jhy; K`k;kj; (]y;) vg;gb
mwpe;jpUg;ghHfs;!?
NkYk; gj;J tUlfhykhf vg;gb jk;kplKs;s

tplak; cz;ikahdJ vd;gjpy; ,J my;yh`;Tila
t`P (mwptpg;G) ,y;yhjpUe;jhy; mtuhy; cWjpahf
,Ue;jpUf;f KbAk; !?
95
xUtd; ,g;gaq;fukhd rthiy tpLtjhf

,Ue;jhy; mjw;F xNu fhuzk;jhd; ,Ue;jpUf;f
KbAk;> mJNt ,J my;yh`;tplkpUe;J te;Js;s
t`P (mwptpg;G) vd;gijj; jtpu Ntwpy;iy.
mG+y`gpd; ,U iffs; ehrkilf! mtDk;

ehrkilthdhf! mtDila nry;tKk;> mtd;
rk;ghjpj;jitAk; mtDf;Fg; gadspf;ftpy;iy.
kWikapy; nfhOe;Jtpl;nlhpAk; neUg;gpy; mtd;
gpuNtrpg;ghd;> tpwF Rkg;gtshd mtDila
kidtpAk; (me;eufpy; Eioths;) mtSila fOj;jpy;
KWf;Nfwpa <r;rq;fapWjhd;; (,Wf;Fk;)> (mjdhy;
mtSk; mopths;).
9- my;FHMDila trdq;fspy; xU
trdj;jpNy K`k;kj; vd;gjw;F gjpyhd m`;kj; vd;w
ngaH ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ> mt;trdkhdJ: NkYk;
kh;akpd; Gjy;tH <]h: ,];uhaPypd; kf;fNs! vdf;F
Kd;Ds;s jt;uhj;ij cz;ikg;gLj;jpatdhfTk;>
vdf;Fg; gpd;dH m`;kj; vDk; ngaUs;s xU J}jH
tUthH vd ed;khuhak; $WgtdhfTk;> epr;rakhf
cq;fs;ghy; (mDg;gg;gl;l) my;yh`;tpd; J}juhfTk;
ehd; ,Uf;fpNwd;> vd;W $wpaij (egpNa ePH epidT
$WtPuhf) gpd;dH (mtH $wpathW njspthd
mj;jhl;rpfSld; mtHfsplk; (mj;J}juhfpa)mtH
te;jNghJ ,J njspthd #dpak; vd;W mtHfs;
$wpdhHfs;. (m];]/g; 6)
vdNt mtH XH ngha;g;gpur;rhuk; nra;gtuhf

,Ue;jpUe;jhy; (my;yh`; ghJfhg;ghdhf) ,g;ngaH
,lk; ngw;w trdk; my;FHMdpy; Fwpg;gplg;glhky;
NghapUf;Fk;.
96
10- ,];yhj;jpw;Fk;> ,];yhkpa miog;gpw;Fk;

vjpuhf> cly;uPjpahd kw;Wk; nghUshjhu hPjpahd
Kaw;rpfs; njhlHe;J nra;ag;gl;L te;j NghjpYk>
NkYk; mijf; nfhr;irg;gLj;jpAk;> mijtpl;Lk;
kf;fisj; jpir jpUg;Gtjw;fhd toptiffs;
nra;ag;gl;bUe;jNghJk;> ,];yhkpa khHf;fk; ,d;Wtiu
epiyngw;w tz;zNkAs;sJ. NkYk; ehSf;Fehs;
mjpy; EiogtHfs; mjpfhpj;J> md;dpa
kjj;jtHfSf;F jhf;fk; nfhLj;jtz;zNk cs;sdH.
,J Vnddpy; my;yh`; ,k;khHf;fj;ij ghJfhg;gjhf
cWjpaspj;Js;shd;. my;yh`; $Wfpwhd;: epr;rakhf
ehk;jhd; (jpf;U vd;Dk; ,t;) Ntjj;ij (ck;kPJ)
,wf;fpitj;Njhk;> epr;rakhf ehNk mjid
ghJfhg;gtHfs;. (my; `p[;H 9)
K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfisg;gw;wp ( Th.

Carlyle) vd;w Mq;fpNya vOj;jhsH Fwpg;gpLk;
NghJ: epr;rakhf ngha;ahd xU kdpjd; tpaf;fj;jf;f
xU khHf;fj;ij cUthf;f KbAk; vd;gij ePq;fs;
vq;fhtJ fz;lJz;lh?
xU nfl;bahd tPnlhd;iw fl;lf;$batd;

mf;fl;llj;jpw;Fj; Njitahd fy;> kz; kw;Wk; Vida
mj;jpahtrpag; nghUl;fs; gw;wpa KOikahd
mwptpy;yhky; (jpl;lkpy;yhky;;) mtdhy; xU tPl;ilf;
fl;lKbahJ. mJ gw;wpa ve;j mDgtKkpy;yhky;
mtd; fl;LthNdahdhy; mJ tPlhf ,Uf;f KbahJ.
mJ xU ntWk; $lhf> NkYk; mJ tpiutpy; ,be;J
NghFk; xU ,lkhfj;jhd; ,Uf;FNk jtpu> 12
E}w;whz;L fhykhf 200 kpy;ypad; kf;fs;
FbapUf;fj;jf;f gyk; nghUe;jpa xU fl;blkhf
,Uf;Fnkd;gjw;F gjpyhf mJ vg;NghNjh
,be;Jile;J kz;NzhL kz;zhfpg;NghapUf;Fk;;.
97
vdNt> cWjpahf ehd; mwpNtd; epr;rakhf

xt;nthU kdpjDk; mtdJ midj;J tplaq;fspYk;
,ay;ghd xOq;fpw;Nfw;gNt nray;gl Ntz;Lk;>
,y;iyNay; mtdJ r`hf;fs; tpil ju
kWj;JtpLthHfs;. cz;ikiag; Nghd;W myq;fhpj;Jr;
nrhd;dhYk; mf;fhgpHfs; (,iw kWg;ghsHfs;)
gug;gf;$ba xU tplak; ngha;ahFk;. NkYk; xl;L
nkhj;j r%fq;fisAk;> [dq;fisAk; ,g;gbahd
ngha; gpur;rhuq;fisf; nfhz;L topnfLg;gJ kpfg;
ngUk; mePjpahFk;.
vdNt my;FHMid my;yh`; ghJfhj;J

itj;Js;sijg; Nghy;> NkYk; Gj;jftbtpYk;
Nfhbf;fzf;fhd K];ypk;fspd; neQ;rq;fspYk;
jiyKiw jiyKiwahf ghJfhf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.
Vnddpy; my;FHMid kddkpLtJk;> mjid fw;gJk;>
gpwUf;F fw;Wf;nfhLgg;Jk; mij ehs;NjhWk;
XjptUtJk;> K];ypk;fs; MHtk;
fhl;lf;$banjhUtplakhFk;. NkYk; egp (]y;)
mtHfs; njspTgLj;jpa rpwg;ig mile;J nfhs;s
xUtUf;nfhUtH Nghl;b Nghl;Lf;nfhs;Sk;
tplaq;fspy; epd;Wk; cs;sitahFk;. egp (]y;)
mtHfs; ,J gw;wp Fwpg;gpLk; NghJ: my;FHMidf;
fw;W mjidg; gpwUf;Fk; fw;Wf;nfhLf;ff; $batNu
cq;fspy; rpwe;jtuhthH. (G`hhp)
NkYk;> my;FHMdpy; $l;ly;> Fiwj;jy;

my;yJ rpy vOj;Jf;fis khw;wk; nra;jy; Nghd;w
rpy Kaw;rpfs; njhlHe;Jk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L te;j
NghJk; ,t;tidj;J Kaw;rpfSk; Njhy;tpapNyNa
KbTw;wd> fhuzk; vd;dntdpy; tpiuthf milahsk;
fhzg;gl;L tpLtJk;> vspjpy; mwpag;gl;L tpLtJk;
my;FHMdpa trdq;fSf;F ,Uf;Fk;
jdpj;jd;ikahFk;.
98
,JNghd;Nw ,];yhkpa khHf;fj;jpd; ,uz;lhtJ

mbg;gilahd Rd;dh - (egp (]y;) mtHfspd; nrhy;>
nray;> mq;ff P huk; - NeHikahd> ek;gpf;ifahsHfshy;
ghJfhf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mj;jifa `jP]; fiy
mwpQHfs; egp (]y;) mtHfSila `jP]f ; is
(nghd;nkhopfis) cd;dpg;ghf ftdpj;J vJ
kpfr;rhpahdJ> vJ gytPdkhdJ> vJ
,l;Lf;fl;lg;gl;lJ vd;gd Nghd;w tplaq;fis
cWjpnra;J ekf;Fj; je;Js;sdH.
vdNt vtnuhUtH egp (]y;) mtHfspd;

`jP];fs; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s `jP]; E}w;;fis
Gul;bg;ghHf;fpd;whNuh epr;rakhf mtH egp (]y;)
mtHfspd; nghd;nkhopfis ghJfhf;f ve;j msT
Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sdH vd;gjpd; cz;ik
epiyia mwpe;J nfhs;thH. NkYk; egp (]y;)
mtHfisj; njhl;Lk; nrhy;yg;gl;l nra;jpfs;
rhpahditjhdh vd;w re;NjfKk; mtiu tpl;Lk;
ePq;fptpLk;.
NkYk; Mcikael Hart vd;gtH jdJ tuyhW

gilj;j E}W kdpjHfs; vd;w jdJ E}ypy; K`k;kj;
(]y;) mtHfis gw;wp Fwpg;gpLk;NghJ: epr;rakhf
K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfs; cyfpNyNa kpf
kfj;jhdnjhU khHf;fj;ij mikj;J> mjid
cynfq;Fk; gug;gpdhHfs;> NkYk; Nghw;wj;jf;f cyf
Ml;rpahsHfSf;nfy;yhk; xU jiyik Ml;rpahsuhf
MfpdhHfs;. NkYk; mtHfs; kuzpj;J 13
E}w;whz;Lfs; fle;Jtpl;l epiyapYk; ,d;Wtiu
mjDila jhf;fk; rf;jp tha;e;jjhfNt ,Ue;J
nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. (,d;\h my;yh`; ,dpAk; ,Uf;Fk;).
99
11- ehafk; (]y;) mtHfs; nfhz;Lte;j

mbg;gilfs; cz;ikahdit NkYk; mitfs;
rhpahdit. NkYk; vy;yh fhyfl;lj;jpw;Fk;> vy;yh
,lq;fSf;Fk; mitfs; nghUj;jkhditfs;.
mt;tbg;gilfis nray;gLj;Jk; NghJ ntspg;gLk;
ey;y KbTfs; mtHfs; nfhz;Lte;jJ my;yh`;tpd;
t`P (mwptpg;gpy;) ,Ue;Jk; cs;sjhFk; vd;gjw;F
rhd;whf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Vnddpy; epr;rakhf ,tHfSf;F
Kd;dH mjpfkhd egpkhHfSk;> u]_y;khHfSk;
mDg;gg;gl;Ls;s NghJ K`k;kj; (]y;) my;yh`;thy;
mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwj;J}juhf ,Ug;gjw;F vd;d jil
,Uf;fpwJ? Gj;jphPjpahf (mwpThPjpahf)Nth> khHf;f
hPjpahfNth ve;jj;jilAkpy;iy vd;gJ gjpyhf
,Ug;gpd;> Vd; kdpj rKjhak;; KOtjw;Fkhd
mtUila egpj;Jtj;ij> J}Jj;Jtj;ij
kWf;fpd;wPHfs;> mNj rkak; mtHfSf;F Kd;dH
cs;s egpkhHfis mq;ff P hpf;fTk; nra;fpwPHfs;.
12- tzf;ftopghLfs;> murpay;> nghUshjhuk;>

jpUkzk;> Aj;jk;> nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fs; Nghd;w
kw;Wk; Vida JiwfspYk; egp (]y;) mtHfs;
thapyhf ,];yhk; nfhz;L te;Js;s rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk;
xOq;Ffs; Nghd;W kdpj rkjhak; KOtJk; xd;W
NrHe;J nfhz;L tu Kad;whYk; ,JNghd;w xOq;Ffs;
kw;Wk; rl;lq;fis mtHfshy; cUthf;f KbahJ.
,g;gb ,Uf;Fk; NghJ vOjg; gbf;fj; njhpahj xU
kdpjuhy; cyf tplq;fs; midj;ijAk; xUq;fpizj;j
rk;G+uzkhd xOq;Ffis> rl;ljpl;lq;fis
cUthf;fpapUf;f KbAnkd fw;gidapy; $l
vz;zpg;ghHf;f KbAkh?.
100
vdNt ,e;j xU tplaNk Nghjhjh?

mtHfSila egpj;JtKk; J}Jj;JtKk; cz;ik
vd;gjw;Fk;> NkYk; mtHfs; jk; Ra tpUg;gg;gb
vjidAk; Ngrkhl;lhHfs; vd;gjw;Fk;.
13- jkJ ,sikf;fhyk; fope;j gpd;dH

epk;kjpia> re;Njh\j;ij> Xa;it tpUk;Gk; me;j
KJikapd; Jtf;fj;jpNyNa egpfs; ehafk; (]y;)
mtHfs; jkJ miog;Gg; gzpia ehw;gjhtJ taij
mile;j gpd;dNu Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ( my;yh`;tpd;
ehl;lg;gb).
14. Carlyle vd;gtH fjhehafHfs; vd;w jdJ

E}ypy; Fwpg;gpLk;NghJ> epr;rakhf K`k;kj; (]y;)
vd;gtH jkJ J}Jj;Jtj;jpy; cz;ikahsuhf
,Uf;ftpy;iy vd;gJ xU ngha;ahd Fw;wr;rhl;lhFk;.
Vnddpy; mtHfs; jkJ Jbg;Gkpf;f ,sikiaAk;>
thypgg; gUtj;ijAk; mikjpahd Kiwapy; jkJ
kidtp fjP[h (uyp) NahL fopj;J te;jhHfs;. mf;fhy
fl;lj;jpy; mtHfs; kf;fSf;F kj;jpapy; ryryg;ig
Vw;gLj;jp mjd; %yk; gpugy;aj;ijNah>
nry;thf;ifNah> mjpfhuj;ijNah> me;j];j;ijNah
mila Kd;tutpy;iy. vdNt mtHfsJ kdJf;Fs;
cwq;fpf; fple;j vhpkiy vg;NghJ ntspf;fpsk;gj;
Jtq;fpanjdpy; mtHfs; jkJ ,sik gUtj;ijf;
fle;J KJikapd; Jtf;fj;ij mile;j NghJjhd;
mtHfs; xU njspthd khngUk; xU tplaj;ij
ehlf;$batuhf ,Ue;jhHfs; vdf;Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH.
R. Landau vd;gtH ,];yhKk; mNugpaUk;

vd;w jkJ E}ypy; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH : K`k;kj; (]y;)
Nkw;nfhz;l gzp kpff; fbdkhdjhf ,Ue;jJ. rpy
Nkw;fj;jpa thjpfs; Fwpg;gpLtJ Nghy; mJ ntWk;
thjj;ijAk; jd;dyj;ijAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L>
101
mtHfsJ Ra Kaw;rpapd; %yk; jkJ gzpia

cWjpg;gLj;Jtjpy; ntw;wpia ehLksTf;F vspjhf
,Uf;ftpy;iy. khwhf ,g;gzpia epiwNtw;Wtjpy; egp
(]y;) mtHfspd; kdj;J}a;ikAk; mtHfs; kPJ
,wf;fg;gl;l t`Papd; kPJ mtHfsJ NjhoHfs;
nfhz;l G+uz ek;gpf;ifAk;> ,d;Dk; ,JNghd;w
tplaq;fSk; K`k;kj; jpl;lkpl;L kf;fis
Vkhw;wpdhHfs; vd;W re;Njfpf;f ,lk; ju kWf;fpd;wJ.
Vnddpy; jpl;lkpl;L Vkhw;wp ngha;ahf cUthf;fg;gl;l
khHf;fk; ePz;l ehl;fs; epiyngw;wjhf tuyhW
(tuyhw;W rhj;jpakw;wJ) vd;WNk fz;ljpy;iy.
Mdhy; ,e;j ,];yhkpa khHf;fk; 13 E}w;whz;Lfs;
epiyj;J epw;fpd;wJ vd;gJ kl;Lkpd;wp ,d;W tiu
ehSf;F ehs; (nkUNfwpa GJg;nghopTld;)
,];yhj;jpy; kf;fs; Eioe;j tz;zNk cs;sdH. xU
#o;rr
; pf;fhuNdh> je;jpuf;fhuNdh cyf ty;yuRfspy;
xU ty;yuir cUthf;fpdhd; vd;Nwh my;yJ
Nghw;wj;jf;f xU ehfhPfj;ij cz;lhf;fpr; nrd;whd;
vd;Nwh tuyhw;Wg; gf;fq;fs; xU cjhuz GU\id
vkf;Fj; je;jjpy;iy.
102
epr;rakhf K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfs;

my;yh`;tpd; J}juhthHfs; vd;W
rhl;rpak; gfHtjpd; fUj;J
1- egp (]y;) mtHfspd; J}Jj;Jtk; xU
Fwpg;gpl;l r%fj;jpdUf;F my;yJ xU Fwpg;gpl;l
ehl;ltUf;F my;yJ Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jtUf;F khj;jpuk;
nrhe;jkhdJ vd;W ek;ghky; mj;J}Jj;Jtk; fpahkehs;
tiu cs;s midj;J kf;fSf;Fk; midj;J
ehl;ltUf;Fk;> vy;yh fhyj;jtUf;Fk; nghJthdJ
vd;W cz;ikahf ek;GtJ.
,J gw;wp my;yh`; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whd;: jd;

mbahH K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfs; kPJ
mrj;jpaj;jpypUe;J rj;jpaj;ij gphpj;jwptpf;Fk;
/GHfhid mJ mfpyj;jhHf;;F mr;r%l;b vr;rhpf;if
nra;af;$bajhf Mtjw;fhf ,wf;fp itj;jhNd
mj;jifNahd; kpf;f ghf;fpaKilatd;. (my;/GHfhd;
1)
2- my;yh`;tplkpUe;Js;s nra;jpfis
kdpjHfSf;F vj;jpitg;gjpy; kpfg; gpuaj;jdkhdtHfs;
egp (]y;); mtHfs; vd;W cWjpahf ek;GtJ. ,J
gw;wp my;yh`; $Wk;NghJ: mtH jk; kd
,r;irapd;gb (vijAk;) NgRtJkpy;iy ,J
mwptpf;fg;gLk; (t`P) mwptpg;Ng jtpu NtW
xd;Wkpy;iy (me;e[;K 3-4).
,Jty;yhj Vida mtHfsJ tplaq;fspy;

mtHfs; xU rhjhuz kdpjuhfNt nray;gLthHfs;
mtHfSf;F Kd; rkHgpf;fg;gLk; rpy gpur;idfSf;F
mtH jhkhf Muha;e;J jPHg;G toq;FgtHfshf
,Ue;Js;shHfs;.
103
,J gw;wp mtHfs; Fwpg;gpLk;NghJ: epr;rakhf

ePq;fs; vd;dplj;jpy; KiwaPLfs; nra;fpd;wPHfs; mJ
tplaj;jpy; cq;fspy; rpyH rpyiutpl thjj;
jpwikiaf; nfhz;L ep&gpf;Fk; jd;ikia
ngw;wpUf;fyhk;> vdNt ehd; mthplkpUe;J vijf;
Nfl;NlNdh mjid mbg;gilahf itj;Nj mtUf;Fj;
jPHg;G toq;FNtd;. vdNt ahnuhUtUf;F mtdJ
rNfhjuDf;nfjpuhf mtuJ nrhj;jpypUe;J vLj;Jf;
nfhLj;NjNdh mij mtH vLf;f Ntz;lhk; Vnddpy;
ehd; mtUf;F vLj;Jf; nfhLj;jnjy;yhk; euf
neUg;gpd; xU Jz;lhFk;. (G`hhp>K];ypk;)
3- egp (]y;) mtHfsJ egpj;Jt tUif KO

kdpj rKjhaj;jpdUf;Fk; mUshFk; vd;W ek;GtJ:
,J gw;wp my;yh`; Fwpg;gpLk;NghJ: egpNa ck;ik
kdpj rKjhak; KOtjpw;Fk; mUshfNt md;wp ehk;
mDg;gtpy;iy. (my; md;gpah 107)
my;yh`; $wpaJ Kw;wpYk; cz;ikNa!

Vnddpy; ,r;nrhy; Ve;jp epw;fpd;w midj;J
mHj;jq;fspd;gbAk; mtHfs; xU mUshfNt
,Ue;jhHfs;. Vnddpy; epr;rakhf mtHfs; kdpjDf;F
kdpjd; fPog;;gbtjpypUe;J mtid ntspahf;fp>
kdpjDila ,iwtid fPo;g;gbar; nra;jhHfs;.
NkYk; kjq;fspd; moptpypUe;J fhg;ghw;wp NeHikahd
,];yhj;jpd; ghy; topfhl;bdhHfs;. neUf;fbahd
cyftho;f;ifia tpl;Lk;> tprhykhd kWikapd;
gf;fk; miog;GtpLj;jhHfs;.
4- NkYk; egp K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfNs

egpkhHfspy; ,WjpahdtHfs; vd;Wk;> rpwe;jtHfs;
vd;Wk; mtHfSf;Fg;gpd;dhy; ve;j xU egpNah>
u]_Nyh tukhl;lhHfnsd;Wk; cWjpahf ek;gNtz;Lk;.
my;yh`; $Wfpwhd;: cq;fspd; Mz;fspd; vtUf;Fk;
104
K`k;kj; je;ijahf ,Uf;ftpy;iy> ,Ue;Jk; mtH

my;yh`;tpd; J}jUk;> egpkhHfspd;
,WjpahdtUkhthH. ( my; m`;]hg; 40)
,J gw;wp egp (]y;) mtHfs; fPo;tUkhW

Fwpg;gpl;lhHfs;: ehd; Vida egpkhHfis tplTk; MW
tplaq;fisf; nfhz;L rpwg;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;Nsd;. Fiwe;j
nrhy;ypy; epiwe;j mHj;jk; ,Uf;Fk;-
,uj;jpdr;RUf;fkhd nrhy;tsk;; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;Nsd;.
vjpupfs; vd;idg; gw;wp Nfs;tpg;gl;L mQ;Rk;gb ehd;
cjtp nra;ag;gl;Ls;Nsd;. Aj;jj;jpy; ngwg;gLk;
fdPkj;(vjpupfs;tpl;Lr;nry;Yk;) nghUl;fs; vdf;F
`yhyhf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. G+kp KOtJk; vdf;F
njhOkplkhfTk; Rj;jk;nra;Ak; ,lkhfTk;;
Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. gilg;gpdk; midj;jpw;Fk; J}juhf
mDg;gg;gl;Ls;Nsd;> vd;idf; nfhz;L egpkhHfSf;F
Kj;jpiuaplg;gl;Ls;sJ. (K];ypk;)
5- epr;rakhf ,];yhkpa khHf;fk; mtHfisf;

nfhz;L ghpG+uzg;gLj;jg;gl;L eptHj;jp
nra;ag;gl;Ltpl;lJ vd;W cWjpahf ek;GtJ: vdNt
ahUf;Fk; ,jpy; $l;lNth> Fiwf;fNth mjpfhuk;
fpilahJ. my;yh`; $Wfpwhd;: ,d;iwa jpdk;
cq;fSf;fhf cq;fSila khHf;fj;ij ehd;
ghpG+uzg;gLj;jptpl;Nld;> vd;Dila mUl;nfhilia
cq;fspd; kPJ KOikahf;fp tpl;Nld;> ,d;Dk;
cq;fSf;fhf ,];yhj;ij khHf;fkhf ehd;
nghUe;jpf;nfhz;Nld;. ( my; khapjh: 3)
murpay;> nghUshjhuk;> r%fk;> gz;ghL vd;W

tho;f;ifapd; midj;Jj;JiwfSf;Fkhf ,];yhj;jpd;
G+uzj;Jtj;ij Fwpg;gpLtjhFk;. ,];yhk; vd;gJ
khHf;fKk; mjd;gbahd Ml;rpAkhFk;.
105
,Jgw;wp Kwelem vd;w Mq;fpy

rpe;jidahsH ,];yhkpaf; nfhs;if vd;w jkJ
E}ypy; gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpd;whH. my;FHMd;
rl;lq;fs;> flik> xOq;F Kiwfs;> khHf;f tplaq;fs;
khj;jpuk; cs;slf;fpa xU Gj;jfk; fpilahJ> khwhf
mJ ,];yhkpa cyfpw;fhd xU nghJthd
rl;lf;NfhitAk;> ahg;GkhFk;. NkYk; mJ efu>
nghUshjhu> Fw;wk;> jPHg;G> jz;lid Nghd;w
tplaq;fSf;nfy;yhk; xU G+uzj;Jtkhd
rl;lahg;ghFk;. gpd;G mJ xU khHf;fr;
rl;lf;NfhitAkhFk;> rl;lf;Nfhitia mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;Nl khHf;f tplak; Kjy; cyf tho;f;ifapd;
midj;J tplaj;jpd; kPJk; nray;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
capiu fhg;gJ njhlf;fk;> cly;fspd; MNuhf;fpak;
tiu> jdJ fz;fhzpg;Gf;F fPo; cs;stH njhlf;fk;
kw;iwa midj;J kdpjHfs; kPJkhd chpikfis
ghJfhg;gJ tiu> jd;dyk; Ngzy; Kjy; gpwH eyk;
Ngzy; tiu> ed;ik Kjy; jtWfs; tiu> ,t;Tyfpy;
jz;lid epiwNtw;WtJ Kjy; kWikapy; jz;lid
toq;fg;gLtJ tiu> ,g;gb midj;Jj; JiwfisAk;
cs;slf;fpa xU rk;G+uz ahg;ghFk;. ,jdbg;gilapy;
ghHf;fpd;wNghJ my;FHMd; ,Q;[i P y tpl;Lk;
khw;wkhdjhFk;.. Vnddpy; mt;tpQ;[Pypy; khHf;fj;jpd;
mbg;gilfs; vJTNk $wg;gltpy;iy> mJ
khj;jpukpd;wp ngUk;ghYk; mjpy;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;snjy;yhk; fl;Lf;fijfSk;>
ngha;fSk;jhd;. mJ gadw;wJ> NkYk; vt;tpj
jhf;fj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;j KbahjJ.
6- mtHfs; jk;kPJ my;yh`;thy; Rkj;jg;gl;l

J}Jj;Jtg; nghWg;ig rhpahd Kiwapy;
epiwNtw;wpdhHfs; vd;Wk;> ,iwj;J}ij
vj;jpitj;jhHfs; vd;Wk;> jkJ r%fj;jpdUf;F
Nghjid nra;jhHfnsd;Wk; cWjpahf ek;GtJ. NkYk;
106
mtHfs; ve;j xU ed;ikiaAk; Vthky; ,Ue;jjpy;iy

mJNghy; ve;j xU jPikiaAk; jLf;fhky;
,Ue;jjpy;iy. ,J rk;ge;jkhf egp (]y;) mtHfs;
,Wjp `[;[pd;NghJ Mapuf;fzf;fhd jdJ
NjhoHfSf;F ciu epfo;j;jpa rkaj;jpy;> kf;fNs!
ehd; midj;J tplaq;fisAk; vj;jp itj;Jtpl;Nldh?
vd;W Nfl;lNghJ mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;> Mk;! vd;gjhf
gpd; egp (]y;) mtHfs; ,iwth! ePNa ,jw;F
rhl;rpahf ,Ug;ghahf vd;W $wpdhHfs;. (K];ypk;)
7- K`k;kj; (]y;) egpahf mDg;gg;gl;l gpwF

mtHfSf;F my;yh`;thy; ,wf;fg;gl;l khHf;f
rl;ljpl;lq;fs;jhd; mtdplj;jpy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJk;>
mq;ffP hpf;fg;gl;lJkhFk; vd;W ek;gNtz;Lk;;. vdNt
egp (]y;) mtHfs; %ykhf my;yh`; toq;fpa khHf;f
rl;ljpl;lq;fSf;F khw;wkhf NtW khHf;f rl;l
jpl;lq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; vtndhUtd; my;yh`;it
tzq;FfpwhNdh mJ mtdplkpUe;J Vw;Wf;
nfhs;sg;glkhl;lhJ. NkYk; egp (]y;) mtHfSf;F
gpwFs;s kdpj rKjhaj;jpdH mtHfSf;F
toq;;fg;gl;l ,k;khHf;f rl;ljpl;lq;fSf;F ,zq;fNt
ehis kWikapy; tprhhpf;fg;gl;L $ypAk;;
toq;fg;gLthHfs;.
,Jgw;wp my;yh`; $Wfpwhd;: ,d;Dk; ,];yhk;

my;yhjij khHf;fkhf vtuhtJ Njbdhy;> mg;nghOJ
mthplkpUe;J (mJ) mq;fPfhpf;fg;glNt khl;lhJ.
NkYk; kWikapy; mtH e\;lkile;Njhhpy; ,Ug;ghH.
(My ,k;uhd; 85)
NkYk; egp (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;:

K`k;kjpd; capH vtd; iftrkpUf;fpwNjh mtd; kPJ
rj;jpakhf ,e;j ck;kj;ijr; NrHe;j ve;j xU a+jNdh>
fpU];JtNdh vd;idg;gw;wp Nfs;tpg;gl;L vijf;
107
nfhz;L ehd; mDg;gg;gl;Ls;NsNdh (my;FHMd;)

mij <khd; (ek;gpf;if) nfhs;stpy;iyNah mtd;
eufthjpahfNt ,Ug;ghd;. (K];ypk;)
8- egp K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfSf;F topg;gl;L

elj;jy;: my;yh`; $Wfpwhd;> NkYk; vtHfs;
my;yh`;Tf;Fk; mtdJ J}jUf;Fk; fPo;g;gbe;J
elf;fpd;whHfNsh mtHfs; egpkhHfs;> rj;jpathd;fs;>
[p`hjpy; capH ePj;j (\`PJfs;) ey;ybahHfs;
MfpNahHfspy; vtHfs; kPJ my;yh`; mUs;
nra;jpUf;fpd;whNdh mj;jifNahHfSld; (Rtdj;jpy;)
,Ug;ghHfs;. NkYk; Njhoikf;Fk; ,tHfs;
mofhdtHfs;. (me;ep]h 69)
mtHfSf;F topg;gLtnjd;gjd; fUj;J

ahnjdpy; mtHfs; vij VtpdhHfNsh mij vLj;Jk;>
vij jtpHe;J elf;Fk;gb $wpapUe;jhHfNsh mij
jtpHe;Jk; elg;gjhFk;. my;yh`; $Wfpwhd;: NkYk;
ek;Kila J}jH cq;fSf;F vijf; nfhLj;jhNuh
mij ePq;fs; (kdnkhg;gp) vLj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;
mtHfs; vjid tpl;Lk; cq;fisj; jLj;jhNuh
mjpypUe;J ePq;fs; tpyfpf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. (my;`\;H 7)
NkYk; egp (]y;) mtHfSf;F khWnra;tjhy;

Vw;glf;$ba tpisTfisg;gw;wp my;yh`;
Fwpg;gpLk;NghJ: ,d;Dk; vtH (,t;tpraq;fspy;)
my;yh`;Tf;Fk;> mtDila J}jUf;Fk; khW nra;J
mtd; (Vw;gLj;jpa) tuk;Gfis kPwp tpLfpd;whNuh
mtiu mtd; eufj;jpy; GFj;jptpLthd;. mjpy; mtH
epue;jukhfj;jq;fpapUg;ghH. ,d;Dk; mtUf;F
,opTgLj;Jk; NtjidAk; (mjpy;) cz;L. (me;ep]h
14)
108
9- egp (]y;) mtHfspd; jPHg;G kw;Wk;

rl;ljpl;lq;fis kdg;G+Htkhf Vw;Wf;nfhs;tNjhL
mtHfs; khHf;fkhf;fpa mtHfspd; topKiwfis
cjhrPdk; nra;ahjpUj;jy;;: ,J gw;wp my;yh`;
$Wfpwhd;: Mdhy; ckjpul;rfd; kPJ rj;jpakhf.
mtHfs; jq;fSf;Fs; Vw;gl;l rr;rutpy; ck;ik
ePjpgjpahf Mf;fp> ePH nra;Ak; jPHg;igj; jq;fs;
kdq;fspy; vj;jifa mjpUg;jpAkpd;wp Kw;wpYk;
Vw;Wf;nfhs;shj tiuapy; mtHfs; tpRthrpfshf
khl;lhHfs;. (me;ep]h 65)
,JNghyNt egp (]y;) mtHfspd; khHf;f

rl;ljpl;lq;fs;> topKiwfs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; Vida
khHf;fr;rl;l jpl;lq;fs;> topKiwfs;> xOq;Ffs;>
jPHg;Gfs; midj;ijAk; tpl Kw;gLj;jp Kd;Dupik
toq;fNtz;Lk;. ,Jgw;wp my;yh`; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whd;
:mwpahik fhyj;Jj; jPHg;igah mtHfs; NjLfpd;wdH?
cWjpahf ek;gpf;if nfhz;l r%fj;jhHf;Fj;
jPHg;gspg;gjpy; my;yh`;it tplTk; kpf;f mofhdtH
ahH? (my; khapjh 50)
10- egp (]y;) mtHfspd; nrhy;> nray;>

mq;ffP huq;fis gpd;gw;wp elg;gJ: ,J gw;wp my;yh`;
$Wfpwhd;: egpNa kdpjHfsplk; ePH $WtPuhf ePq;fs;
my;yh`;it Nerpg;gtHfshf ,Ue;jhy; vd;id ePq;fs;
gpd;gw;Wq;fs; (mt;thW) ePq;fs; nra;jhy; cq;fis
my;yh`; Nerpg;ghd;> cq;fs; ghtq;fisAk;
cq;fSf;fhf mtd; kd;dpj;J tpLthd;. my;yh`;
kpf;f kd;dpg;gtd;> kpf;f fpUigAilatd; (my;
khapjh 31). NkYk; md;dhuJ mbr;RtLfis
gpd;gw;wp mtHfs; fhl;ba topKiwapd;gb tho;e;J>
Kbe;jtiu midj;J tplaq;fspYk; mtHfis
Kd;khjphpahff;nfhz;L elf;fNtz;Lk;.
109
,J gw;wp my;yh`; $Wk;NghJ: cq;fspy;

my;yh`;itAk;> kWikehisAk; MjuT itj;J>
my;yh`;it mjpfkjpfkhf epidT $Hgtuhf
,Ug;gtUf;F> my;yh`;tpd; J}jhplj;jpy; jpl;lkhf
cq;fSf;F mofpa Kd;khjphp ,Uf;fpwJ ( my;
m`;[hg; 21). vdNt egp (]y;) mtHfisg; gpd;gw;wp
tho Ntz;Lnkdpy; md;dhuJ tho;f;if tuyhw;iw
gbg;gJ mtrpakhFk;. Vnddpy; mg;NghJjhd;
KOikahd Kiwapy; mtHfis gpd;gw;wyhk;.
,Jgw;wp myp (uyp) mtHfspd; Ngudpd; Ngud; (i[Dy;
Mg;jPd;) vd;gtH $Wk;NghJ. ehq;fs; egp (]y;)
mtHfspd; tho;f;if tuyhw;iw> my;FHMd; #uhit
(mj;jpahaj;ij)f; fw;Wf; nfhLg;gijg; Nghy fw;Wf;
nfhLg;gth;fshf ,Ue;Njhk;. (E}y; my;
gpjhahtd;dp`hah 3-242)
11- egp (]y;) mth;fSf;F my;yh`; ve;j

me;j];j;ij nfhLj;jhNdh mNj me;j];j;ij ehKk;
toq;fNtz;Lk;. mij tpl;Ltpl;L mtHfSf;F msT
fle;j (tuk;G kPwpa) me;j];j;ij toq;FtNjh my;yJ
mtHfis Fiwj;J kjpg;gpLtNjh $lhJ.
,J gw;wp egp (]y;) mtHfNs $wpdhHfs;:

kh;akpd; kfd; <]hit fpU];jtHfs; msT fle;J
Gfo;e;jijg; Nghy; (my;yh`;tpd; me;j];j;jpw;F
caHj;jpaijg; Nghy;) vd;idAk; GfohjPHfs; Vnddpy;
ehd; mtdJ mbikNa! vdNt ePq;fs; $Wq;fs;:
mtH my;yh`;tpd; mbahUk;> jpUj;J}jUkhthHfs;
vd;W. (G`hhp)
12- egp (]y;) mtHfs; kPJ mjpfkjpfk;

]ythj; nrhy;yy;. my;yh`; $Wfpwhd;: epr;rakhf
my;yh`;Tk;> mtDila kyf;FfSk; egpapd; kPJ
]ythj;J (mUs;Ntz;b gpuhHj;jid) nra;fpwhHfs;>
110
MfNt tpRthrpfNs! ePq;fSk; mtH kPJ ]ythj;Jr;

nrhy;Yq;fs;> ]yhKk; $Wq;fs; (my; m`;[hg; 56)
egp (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;> cNyhgp ahnudpy;
vtd; Kd; vd; ngaH $wg;gl;L vd; kPJ ]ythj;Jr;
nrhy;ytpy;iyNah mtNd! (jpHkpjp).
13- vy;NyhHfis tplTk; egp (]y;) mtHfis

Nerpg;gJ mtHfis Nkd;ikg;gLj;JtJ. Vnddpy;
,k;ik kWikapd; ntw;wpfs; rj;Njh\q;fs;
midj;jpw;Fk; fhuzkhd ,e;j cz;ikahd
khHf;fj;jpd; gf;fk; kf;fis topfhl;ba rpwg;G
my;yh`;Tf;Fg; gpwF vk;ngUkhdhiuNar; rhUk;.
,J gw;wp my;yh`; $Wfpwhd;: egpNa

tpRthrpfsplk; ePH $WtPuhf: cq;fSila
je;ijfSk;> cq;fSila Mz;kf;fSk;> cq;fSila
rNfhjuHfSk; ePq;fs; vjid rk;ghjpj;J
itj;jpUf;fpd;wPHfNsh me;jr; nry;tq;fSk;> ePq;fs;
vjDila e\;lj;ijg; gag;gLfpwPHfNsh mj;jifa
tpahghuKk;> ePq;fs; vjidj; jpUg;jpg;gLfpwPHfNsh
mj;jifa (cq;fs;) FbapUg;gplq;fSk;>
my;yh`;itAk;> mtDila J}jiuAk;> mtDila
ghijapy; NghH nra;tijAk; tpl cq;fSf;F kpf;f
tpUg;gkhditfshf ,Ue;jhy;. mg;NghJ ePq;fs;
(jz;lidiag;gw;wpa) my;yh`;Tila fl;lis tUk;
tiuapy; vjpHghHj;jpUq;fs; NkYk; ghtpfshd
mf;$l;lj;jpdiu> my;yh`; NeH topapy; nrYj;jTk;
khl;lhd;. ( mj;jt;gh 24)
NkYk; mtHfis Nerpg;gjhy; vd;d ed;ikfs;

,Uf;fpd;wnjd;gij tpsf;fpAk; cs;sdH. kWik
vg;NghJ epfOk; vd;W Nfl;l xU kdpjhplk; egp (]y;)
mtHfs; Nfl;lhHfs;. mk;kWikf;fhf eP vd;d
(ed;ikfs;) jahH gLj;jp itj;Js;sha;? vd;w NghJ
111
mk;kdpjH mikjpfhg;gtiug;Nghy; ,Ue;J tpl;L>

,iwtdpd; J}jNu! nghpjhf Nehd;G> njhOif> jHkk;
([f;fhj;) Nghd;witfis Vw;ghL nra;atpy;iy>
,Ue;Jk; ehd; my;yh`;itAk;> mtDila J}jiuAk;
Nerpf;fpd;Nwd; vd;W $wpdhH. egp (]y;) mtHfs;
mtiu Nehf;fp: ePH ahiu Nerpj;jPNuh kWikapy;
mtHfSld; ,Ug;gha; vd;W$wpdhHfs;.
(G`hhp>K];ypk;)

vthplj;jpy; %d;W gz;Gfs; ,Uf;fpd;wNjh mtH
mitfs; %yk; <khdpd; ,dpikia ngw;Wf;
nfhs;thH. (m)-my;yh`;Tk; mtDila J}jUk;
vy;NyhiutplTk; kpf Nerj;Jf;FhpatHfshf mtDf;F
,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. (M)-mtd; xUtid Nerpg;gJ
my;yh`;Tf;fhf Ntz;bNa kl;Lk; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;.
(,)-mtd; neUg;Gf;Fz;lj;jpy; vwpag;gLtij
ntWg;gijg; Nghy; (Fg;iu) ,iw epuhfhpg;ig tpl;Lk;
my;yh`; mtid fhj;j gpwF mjd; gf;fk; kPz;Lk;
nry;tij ntWf;fNtz;Lk;. (G`hhp>K];ypk;)
vdNt egp (]y;) mtHfis Nerpg;gjpd;

milahsNk mtHfs; ahiunay;yhk; Nerpj;jhHfNsh>
NkYk; ahiunay;yhk; Nerpf;Fk;gb $wpdhHfNsh
(c+k;) md;dhuJ FLk;gj;jpdH> kidtpaH>
(K/kPd;fspd; jha;khHfs;) md;dhuJ NjhoHfs;
Nghd;NwhHfis Nerpg;gJk;> NkYk; ahiunay;yhk;
ntWj;jhHfNsh> ntWf;Fk;gb $wpdhHfNsh mtHfis
ntWj;J elg;gJkhFk;;.
Vnddpy; egp (]y;) mtHfs; xUtiu

Nerpj;jhy; my;yh`;Tf;fhfNt Nerpg;ghHfs;>
Nfhgpj;jhy; my;yh`;Tf;fhfNt Nfhgpg;ghHfs;.
112
14- md;dhuJ khHf;fj;jpd; gf;fk; kf;fis

miog;gJ> mijg; gug;Gk; Kaw;rpfspy; <LgLtJ>
ahiunay;yhk; nrd;wilatpy;iyNah mtHfsplk;
mij vj;jpitg;gJ. NkYk; mwpahjtHfSf;Fk;>
nghLNghf;fhf tpl;bUg;gtHfSf;Fk;> mij gpd;gw;wp
tho;f;ifapy; vLj;J elg;gtHfSf;Fk; jk;khyhd
cjtpfis nra;tjpd; %yKk;> tpNtfj;NjhLk;> rpwe;j
Nghjidapd; %yKk; egp (]y;) mtHfspd; Rd;dhit
(tho;f;ifia) capH ngwr;nra;tJ.
,J gw;wp my;yh`; $Wfpwhd;: egpNa! ePH

kdpjHfis tpNtfj;ijf; nfhz;Lk; kw;Wk; mofhd
ey;YgNjrj;ijf; nfhz;Lk;> ckjpul;rfdpd; topapd;
gf;fk; miog;gPuhf! ( me;e`;y; 125).

vd;idg;gw;wp xU tplak; njhpe;jhYk; mij
kw;wtHfSf;F vj;jpitAq;fs;;. (G`hhp)
15- egp (]y;) mtHfisAk; mtHfspd;

Rd;dhitAk; ghJfhg;gJ: mjhtJ mtHfs; Nghpy;
$wg;gLk; midj;Jf; Fw;wr;rhl;LfisAk; kWg;gjpd;
%yKk;> mtHfis gw;wpa cz;ikia
mwpahjtHfSf;F mtHfs; gw;wp njspTgLj;Jtjpd;
%yKk;> NkYk; mNj Nghy; md;dhuJ (Rd;dhit) -
nrhy;> nray;> mq;ff P huq;fisg; - gw;wp ,];yhj;jpd;
vjphpfs; fl;ltpo;j;J tpl;bUf;Fk; Iag;ghLfis tpl;Lk;
njspTgLj;jp ghJfhg;gJ flikahFk;.
16- egp (]y;) mtHfspd; Rd;dhit

gw;wpg;gpbj;J tho;tJ: Vnddpy; egp (]y;) mtHfs;
$wpdhHfs;> vdJ topKiwiaAk;> NeHtop ele;j
Ml;rpahsHfspd; topKiwiaAk; filtha;g; gw;fshy;
gw;wpg; gpbj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. NkYk; khHf;fj;jpy;
113
GJikfis gw;wp cq;fSf;F ehd; vr;rhpf;fpNwd;.

Vnddpy; khHf;fj;jpy; midj;J GJikfSk;
E}jdq;fshFk;> midj;J E}jdq;fSk; topNfLfNs.
(m`;kj;)
114
KbTiu:
ehk; ,f;fl;Liuia yh khHjPd; vd;w gpnuQ;Rf;
ftpQhpd; thHj;ijfisf; nfhz;L Kbg;Nghk;. mtH
K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfspd; ty;yikiag; gw;wp $Wk;
NghJ: Kd;dH xU fhyfl;lj;jpYk; xU kdpjhplkpUe;J
mtH; tpUk;gpNah> tpUk;ghkNyh ,g;gbahd XH caHe;j
gzp epfotpy;iy. Vnddpy; mg;gzp kdpj rf;jpia
jhz;ba xd;whf ,Ue;jJ. mg;gzpiaf; nfhz;L
kdpjDf;Fk;> ,iwtDf;Fk; kj;jpapy; jilahf ,Ue;j
topNfLfisj; jPHj;Jf;;fl;b my;yh`;it
kdpjDlDk;> kdpjid my;yh`;TlDk; njhlHG
gLj;jpdhHfs;. NkYk; mijf; nfhz;Nl
tzq;Ftjw;Fj; jFjpahdtd; ,iwtd; khj;jpuNk
vd;w rpe;jidf;F NeHtopia> Gdpjj;Jtj;ij
kPl;bj;je;jhHfs; .mr;rKjhak; mg;NghJ gy nja;t
topghl;by; rpf;fpj; jtpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.
vspa rhjdq;fis Fiwe;j trjpthag;;Gfis

itj;Jf;nfhz;L> kdpj rf;jpfis ntd;wpl xUtH
Kd; te;jhH vd;gJ ,jw;F Kd;dH tuyhw;wpy; vd;WNk
epfo;e;jjpy;iy. mjhtJ mtHfs; ,g;gpukhz;;lkhd
gzpia nray;gLj;jpl jd;idNa KOtJk;
rhHe;jpUe;jhHfs;. NkYk;;gue;Jtphpe;j mg;ghiytdj;jpNy
mtUf;F ,g;gzpapy; cjtpl> mtHfis <khd;
nfhz;l tpuy;tpl;L vz;zf; $ba rpyiuj;jtpu NtW
ahUk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,Wjpahf ,JNghd;w
gpukhz;lkhd KbNt ,y;yhj Gul;rpia> cyfk;
KOf;f xNu jUzj;jpy; xU kdpjH nra;a rf;jp
ngw;whH vd;w epfo;T ,Jtiu ,tUf;F Kd;Ndh>
gpd;Ndh epfo;e;jjpy;iy. Vnddpy; ,];yhk; kyHe;J
,uz;Nl E}w;whz;Lfspy; Kd;dNu <khd; (,iw
ek;gpf;if)> MAjk; %ykhf mNugpa jPgfw;gk;
115
KOtijAk; jd; MSiff;F fPo; nfhz;L te;jJ.

gpd; my;yh`;tpd; ngauhy; NghH Nkw;nfhz;L> ghhP]>;
Nuhk;> Fuhrhd;> <uhf;> Nkw;fpe;jpah> kj;jpa fly;
jPTfs;> ];nga;d;> gpuhd;R ehl;bd; rpy gFjpfs; tiu
gue;J tphpe;j xU epyg;gug;ig jd; MSiff;Ff; fPo;
nfhz;L te;jJ.
kdpj tpNtfj;jpw;fhd %d;W msT

Nfhs;;fshd( kfj;jhd Nehf;fk;> gytPdkhd fhuzpfs;>
tpaf;fj;jf;f Mf;fk;) ,itfis ehq;fs; ftdj;jpy;
nfhz;lhy;> Gjpa tuyhw;wpNy K`k;kj; (]y;)
mtHfSld; ve;j xU kfj;jhd kdpjiuAk; njhlHG
gLj;jpg; ghHf;f ahH jhd; Kd;tUthH? ,j;jifa
jiytHfs; MAjq;fis> rl;lq;fis ty;yuRfis
khj;jpuk;jhd; cUthf;fpdhHfs;. mth;fs; ntWk;
,yt;fPf cUtfq;fis khj;jpuk;jhd;
cz;lhf;fpdhHfs;. ngUk;ghyhd Neuq;fspy; mtHfs;
fz;Kd;dhNyNa mitfs; midj;Jk; mope;Jk;
Nghapd.
Mdhy; K`k;kj; (]y;) vd;w me;j kdpjNuh

gilfis> kjq;fis> khHf;fq;fis> ty;yuRfis>
Nfhj;jpuq;fis> rpw;wuRfis khj;jpuk;
cRg;gptpltpy;iy> khw;wkhf ,itfSld; $lNt
mf;fhyfl;lj;jpy; cyfpd; Kf;fhy;thrpg; gFjpfspy;
trpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j Nfhbf;fzf;fhd kf;fisAk;
cRg;gptpl;bUe;jhHfs;. NkYk; xt;nthU trdq;fSk;>
xU rl;lkhf ,Uf;Fk; my;FHMdpd;; NeH topapd; kPJ
nfhs;iffs;> Nfhl;ghLfs;> kjq;fs;> kjFUkhHfs;>
Gdpj];jyq;fs; midj;ijAk; cRg;gptpl;lhHfs;. xU
capNuhl;lKs;s rKjhaj;ij cUthf;fpdhHfs;.
mr;rKjhak; ,dk;> epwk;> nkhop vd;w NtWghbd;wp
,uz;luf; fye;jpUe;jJ. xNu ,iwtid tzq;fp>
mtDf;F ve;j xd;iwAk; ,izahf;Ftij
116
ntWf;ff;$ba xU jdpj;Jtj;ijAk; vq;fspNy tpl;Lr;

nrd;whHfs;. tpz;izAk;> kz;izAk;
khRgLj;jptplf;$ba ngha;ahd cUt topghLfs;>
,iwtDf;F Vjhtnjhd;iw gfukhf itj;J
tzq;Fjy; Nghd;wtw;iw kpff;fLikahf vjpHj;J
epd;whHfnsd;;gijf; nfhz;Nl K`k;kj; (]y;)
mtHfis K/kPd;fs; ,dk; fz;lhHfs;. cyfpd;
Kf;fhy; thrpf;Fk; mjpfkhdtHfs; mtuJ khHf;fj;jpy;
Eiotjw;F fhuzkhf ,Ue;jJ mtuJ mw;GjNk.
my;y! my;y! kpfr;rhpahf nrhy;tjhf ,Ue;jhy;
mtuJ tpNtfj;jpd; mw;GjNk.
md;iwa fhykf;fs; ngUk; mw;Gjkhf

fUjpte;j rpiy tzf;f topghLfs;> rlq;Ffs;>
rk;gpujhaq;fs; ,itfSf;F kj;jpapy; mtH miog;G
tpLj;j XH ,iwf;nfhs;ifahdJ> mij nkhope;j
khj;jpuj;jpNyNa tpf;uf rpiy tzf;f];jyq;fs;
midj;Jk; mope;J Nghapd. epr;rakhf cyfpy;
mtHfsJ tho;f;ifAk;> mJ gw;wpa Mokhd
rpe;jidfSk;> topNfl;bw;Fk;> ngha;g;
gpj;jyhl;lq;fSf;Fk; vjpuhd mtHfsJ tPuj;jdkhd
Nghuhl;lKk;> Gul;rpAk;> rpiytzq;fpfspd;
rthy;fSf;F mtH Kfk; nfhLj;Jk;> kf;fhtpy;
njhlHe;J 13 tUlfhy ,d;dy;fs;> Jd;gq;fspd; NghJ
mtHfsJ cWjpahd rfpg;Gj;jd;ikAk;> jkJ
gzpiaj; njhlHe;J nra;J nfhz;Nl> jkJ
rKjhaj;jthpd; mePjpfisAk;> mtHfsJ
gopNtw;iffis mtH nghUj;Jf; nfhz;lJk;>
mwpahikf;fhy gof;f tof;fk;> Nkhrkhd
Fzq;fSf;F vjpuhd mtHfsJ mwg;Nghuhl;lKk;.
NkYk; jkJ gzpapy; jhk; ntw;wp ngWNthk; vd;w
mtuJ kd mikjpAk;> ntw;wpapd; NghJ mtuJ
gzpTj;jd;ikAk;> ngaiuNah> GfioNah ehlhky;
jkJ xUkpj;j rpe;jidkPJs;s xNu Nehf;fKk;>
117
,iltplhj mtHfsJ (,iwjpahdk;) njhOifAk;>

,iwtdplk; mtHfsJ ahrpg;Gk;> mtHfsJ kuzKk;>
mtHfsJ kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dhy; milag;gl;l
khngUk; ntw;wpfSk; Mf nkhj;jj;jpy; ehk; xU
ngha;aiu gpd;gw;wtpy;iy. ehq;fs; mirf;f Kbahj
cWjpahd <khdpd; kPJ ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;gjw;Fk;
rhd;Wfshf jpfo;fpd;wJ.
NkYk; mtHfs; jkJ Mw;wy;fisnay;yhk;

khHf;fj;ij epiy ngwr;nra;tjw;fhf
gad;gLj;jpdhHfs;. mtHfsJ nfhs;ifia ,uz;L
mbg;gilfspd; kPJ fl;bnaOg;gpdhHfs;. xd;W
epr;rakhf my;yh`; xUtd; vd;gjpYk;> kw;wJ
mtid fz;fshy; ,t;Tyfpy; fhzKbahJ
vd;gjpYkhFk;. vdNt Kjy; mbg;gilapd; %ykhf
my;yh`; vd;gtd; ahH? vd;gij ehq;fs; mwpe;Njhk;>
,uz;lhtJ mbg;gilNah kiwthdijf; nfhz;L
mwpit njhlHG gLj;JfpwJ. epr;rakhf mtH XH
jj;JtQhdp. gpur;rhfH> rl;lkpaw;WgtH> NghHtPuH>
ntw;wpahsH> rpe;jidahsH> ,iwj;J}jH> gFj;jwpT
khHf;fj;ij epWtpatH. NkYk; ve;jtpj rpiyNah>
cUtNkh ,y;yhky; tzf;fk; nrYj;jf; fw;Wj;je;jtH>
20 ty;yuRfspd; epfuw;w jiytH> mjNdhL NrHj;J
vy;iyNa ,y;yh Md;kPf ty;yurpd; jiytUk; $l.
,tHfs; jhd; me;j K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfs;> vdNt
kdpjdpd; kfj;Jtj;jpw;fhd midj;J msT
Nfhs;fisAk; itj;J ehk; xUtiu Nehf;fpdhy;
K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfis tpl kfj;jhd xUtH
,Uf;fKbAkh vd;gij ek;ik ehNk
Nfl;Lf;nfhs;Nthk;.
118
,iwtdpd; J}jNu! vdJ jhAk;> je;ijAk;

mHg;gzkhfl;Lk;. ,r;rpW E}ypd; %ykhf cq;fSf;Fr;
nra;a Ntz;ba flikia KOikahf nra;J
tpltpy;iy vd;gjid KO kdJld; ehd; Vw;Wf;
nfhs;fpNwd;. vdNt ,q;F vtuJ tUifahy; Kd;G
,izitg;ghsHfs; xspngw;whHfNsh> NkYk; vy;yhf;
fhyj;jpYk; ahnuy;yhk; kdpjHfis mbikg;gLj;jp
jdJ kNdh ,r;irf;Fk;> kpUfj;jdkhd ntwpf;Fk;
mbikg;gl;Lf; nfhz;LkpUf;fpd;whHfNsh
mj;jifatHfSk;> vtuJ tUif %yk; xsp
ngWthHfNsh> mj;jifa egpiag; gw;wp
,iwj;J}jiug; gw;wp vOjg;gl;lnjy;yhk; ntWk; rpy
thHj;ijfSk; Fwpg;gPLfSk; khj;jpuNk.
NkYk; ehd; ,iwtdplk; Ntz;Ltnjy;yhk;>

,r;rpW E}y; mk;khkdpjH gw;wpa jtwhd fUj;Jf;fis
mtiu tpl;Lk; mfw;Wtjw;Fk; vy;yhtpjkhd
ed;ikfisAk; Vtp> vy;yhtpjkhd jPikfis tpl;Lk;
vr;rhpj;j mk;kfj;jhd kdpjiug;gw;wp ,d;Dkpd;Dk;>
mjpfkjpfk; mwpa xU jpwT Nfhyhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;
vd;gNj. NkYk; mtHfSila nrhy;Yk;> nraYk;
,iwtdpd; nghUj;jj;ijAk;> RtHf;fj;ijAk; mile;J
nfhs;tjw;fhd xOq;FfSk;> rl;ljpl;lq;fSkhf
fzpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. NkYk; vkJ %jhijahpd; mwptw;w
$w;Wfis fz;%bj;jdkhf gpd;gw;Wtij tpl;Ltpl;L
mwpNthLk;> rpe;jidNahLk; ehk; gpd;gw;wf;$ba> vLj;J
elf;ff;$ba tplaq;fis mile;Jf; nfhs;s ,d;W
Kjy; nray; gLNthkhf.
Kw;Wk;
119

Ta Muhammad Messenger of Allah

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ta Muhammad Messenger of Allah

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

egpfs; ehafk; K`k;kj; (]y;)

‫حممد رسول اهلل ‪‬‬

epr;rakhf ehk; kdpj rKjhak; KOtjw;Fk;

E}Uy; ,];yhk; vd;w rQ;rpifapy; `]d; myp

kpfg;gzpthdtuhf mtH ve;j xd;wpYk; Mw;wy;

NkYk; mtiu vjw;Fk; mQ;rh tPuuhf ehk;

nra;aNtz;ba flikfspy; vf;FiwAk; itf;fhjtuhf

Mf nkhj;jj;jpy;> mtH cyf tplaq;fs;

NkYk; mtHfis cyfg;gw;ww;wtuhfTk;>

NkYk; mtHfSila tho;f;if tuyhw;iw

NkYk; muG Njrj;jpd; ehyh Gwq;fspypUe;Jk;

xU ehs;;> egp K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfs;> Nghhpy;

nrhy;ypAk;> jdJ kfis ntWk; ifNahL jpUg;gp

xU ehs;;> K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfspd;

egp (]y;) mtHfs; kf;fhit ntw;wp

mtHfs; ,UtUk; ,f;fhl;rpia ghHj;j

mjP mj;jhaP: ,tH nfhilf;Fk;>

fz;L mjP mj;jhaP mtHfSf;F rj;jpak; njspthdJ>

K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfisg; gw;wp>

,uz;lhk; fhuzk;: K];ypky;yhj ,];yhk;

thrpg;gjd; %yk; ,e;j egp (]y;) mtHfs; gw;wpa

mtHfsplk; vd;Dila gzpthd Ntz;LNfhs;;

,J Nghd;wtHfSf;F vd;Dila gpuhHj;jid

ahH me;j ,iwj;J}jH K`k;kj; (]y;)?

,Jgw;wp egp (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;:

,jd; %yk; egp (]y;) mtHfs; G+kpapy;

mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D mg;gh]; (uyp)

mG+ ]{g;ahd; ,J Fwpj;Jf; $Wk; NghJ:

clNd kd;dH (jk; mjpfhhpaplk;) mtiu vd; mUNf

gpwF> kd;dH vd;dplk; Nfl;l Kjy; Nfs;tp>

gpd;> ahNuDk; kjk; khwpapUf;fpd;wduh? vd;W

mjpy; mtH vg;gb ele;J nfhs;sg; NghfpwhH vd;W

kd;dH jdJ nkhop ngaHg;ghshplk; nkhop

tpUk;Gk; xU kdpjH ,tH vd;W nrhy;yp ,Ug;Ngd;>

kf;fspy; rpwg;G tha;e;jtHfs; mtiug;

ghjq;fSf;Ff;; fPOs;s ,e;j ,lj;ijAk; mtH

g];uhtpd; MSeH %yk; n`HFyp]; kd;dhplk;

kd;dH jhk; nrhy;y Ntz;baij vy;yhk;

mtHfsJ gpwg;Gk;> tsHg;Gg; gUtKk;:

md;iwa kf;fhtpy; egp K`k;kj; (]y;)

ey;yJ> nfl;lJ ahTk; ,Ug;gjhfTk; ek;gpf;if

rpW taJ Kjy; ehafk; (]y;) mtHfspd;

NkYk; mtHfs; ew;FzKilatuhfTk;>

vdNt> mtHfs; clyhYk;> ew;Fzq;fshYk;

mtiug;gw;wp (th.carlyle) vd;w md;dpa

NkYk; $WfpwhH: mtHfs; rk;ke;jkhf ehd;

NkYk; ehk; mtHfis jkJ tho;ehs; KOtJk;

Mf nkhj;jj;jpy; mtHfSila Kfk;

fTkpy;iy> ve;jnthU MrphpaUk; mtHfSf;F fy;tp

mt;tg;NghJ egp (]y;) mtHfs; egpahf

NkYk; jkJ tapw;Wg;gpiog;gp;w;fhf jkJ

mtHfSf;F ehw;gjhtJ taJ G+Hj;jpahfpa

,Jgw;wp md;id Map\h (uyp) mtHfs;

my;yh`;tpd; J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

Xjj;njhpe;jtdpy;iyNa vd;Nwd;. mtH vd;idg;

NkYk; md;id Map\h (uyp) $wpajhtJ:

tufh mwpahikf; fhyj;;jpNyNa fpwp];jt

`pg;U nkhopapy; mtH vOj Ntz;Lk; vd;W my;yh`;

mg;NghJ egp (]y;) mtHfs;> kf;fs; vd;id

vdNt Kjd;Kjyhf ,wf;fg;gl;l mt;trdq;fs;

gLj;jpf;nfhs;Sk;> rpiyfis tpl;L tpyfpapUk;>

vdNt> ,t;trdq;fNs mz;zyhH (]y;)

Fiu\pfs; jkf;Fk; mbikfSf;Fk; kj;jpapy;

epd;W tpltpy;iy khwhf> ,t;tiog;ghshuhd egp