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ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ :ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ – ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ .
(1ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ) Em ( A ) = Em (C) = Em (Bﻣﺜﻼ
ﻟﻨﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ )Em ( A ) = Em (C
ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ Epﻭﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ
) Ep = mgzﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ (
Ec =1/2.mV2
Em(A) = ½.m.V2 A+ mg.zA
Em(A)= 0+ 6.m =6m
Em(C ) = ½.mVc2 +mg.zc
Em(C) = ½.m.4 + m.10.0,4 = 6m
ﺇﺫﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺗﻨﺤﻔﻆ.
(2ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ . B
ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ) Em(B) = Em( Cﻭﺑﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ) ) Em (B) = EC( Bﻷﻥ Ep(B) = 0ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ (
12m
V 2B 12 V B 3,4m..s 1 ﺇﺫﺍ 1/2.mV 2B = Em =6mﻭﻣﻨﻪ
m
ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ
ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﻛﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻤﻠﺔ .
(1ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ) Em = m.g.z +1/2.mV2 (c = o
ﻋﻨﺪ Aﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻣﻨﻌﺪﻣﺔ Em ( A ) = Ep ( A) :
ZA = ZB + AB.sinr(1-cos ) +2sin
ﻧﻌﻮﺽ ﺏ AB =2m :
E m ( A) m.g.r (1 cos ) 2 sin ﺇﺫﺍ :
Em(A) = 10J
(2.1ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻭﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ B
Ep(B) = m.g.zB = m.g.r(1-cos
ﺕ.ﻉ Ep( B ) = 0,5.10.0,5(1-0.5) =1,25J :
Ec(B) = Em – Ep(B) = 10-1,25= 8,75J
ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻥ VC= 5,91m.s-1
(3.1ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ Dﺇﻣﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺒﺮﻫﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ
ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﺤﻔﻆ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻴﺮ ) ( A,D
ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻣﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ :
ZA = ZB + AB.sinr(1-cos ) +2sin
ZD= 2r
1 2 2
m (VD V A ) W A D ( P ) m. g ( z A z D )
2
1
mV D m. g r (1 cos ) 2 sin 2 r
2
2
1
mV D m. g 2 sin r (1 cos )
2
2
V D m. g 2 sin r (1 cos )
V D 2, 21m.s 1
(2
ﻭﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺣﺘﻜﺎﻛﺎﺕVB = 4ms-1 ﻫﻲB ( ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻋﻨﺪA ;B) ﺡ ﺑﻴﻦ.ﻁ.(ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻡ1.2
f ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﻘﺮﻥ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﺓ
1 2 2
.m(VB V A ) W ( P) W ( f )
2
1 2
1 2
W ( f ) mVB W ( P) mVD m.g. AB. sin
2 2
W ( f ) 0,5.0,5.(4) 2 0,5.10.2. sin 60 0,33 J
f : ( ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ2.2
W(f )
W ( f ) f . AB f
AB
0,33
f 0,165 N
2
ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ
: ﺡ.ﻁ.( ﻧﺺ ﻡ1
ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺻﻠﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻟﺤﻈﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺠﺒﺮﻱ ﻷﺷﻐﺎﻝ
ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﺗﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﺘﻴﻦ
EC W ( Fi )
Ec(M)=0,15J ﺣﻴﺚM ﻭﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝEc(o) = 0,45J ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﻄﻼﻕO (ﻣﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ2
: ﻭﺑﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺗﺘﻢ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﻓﺈﻥOM = d =0,6m
Ec Ec ( M ) E c (o) 0,15 0,45 0,3J
W W ( P) W ( R)
W ( R) 0 W ( P) Ec 0,3 J
(3
W ( P ) m. g.d . sin 0.3 J
W ' ( P)
m 0.1Kg
g.d . sin
(1.4ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ EP (Z) = m.g.Z + C
ﺑﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ Aﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ EP(A) = 0 Jﻭ ﻣﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺎ
. ZA= d.sinmﻟﻨﺤﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ C
EP (Z) = Z - 0,45 C =-mg.ZA= -0,45 Jﺇﺫﺍ EP (A)= m.g.ZA +C =0ﻭﻣﻨﻪ
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