1891 RERUM NOVARUM Pope Leo XIII Historical Background (1771 1891) 1. Great Revolutions a.

. American Revolution of 1775 b. French Revolution of 1879 c. Industrial Revolution I: i. Machines ii. Factory system iii. Farm mechanization 2. Growth of Democracy 3. Chartist Movement, 1848-1881 4. Communist Manifesto, 1848 5. British control of India 6. La Liga Filipina: Philippine Nationalism Context: Destitution of the masses and wealth of the few Exploitation of workers Failure of public authority to protect the poor Decline of public morality Content: A. Focus Help the poor Promote the worker's welfare by defining the roles of: The Church The State Private Property Workers and Employers B. Teachings: 1. The poor must be cared for and workers' welfare and rights be promoted: a. Right to work and just wages b. Right to private property and association 2. Role of public authority and Law: a. Defend the rights of families and workers b. Intervene when harm is done to individuals and the common good c. Support the common good 3. Role of the Church a. Speak on matters affecting faith and morality b. Reconcile and unite classes c. Educate people to act justly 4. Private property must serve the common good

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1931 QUADRAGESIMO ANNO Pope Pius XI Historical Background (1891-1931) 1. Nationalism and Imperialism 2. Second Industrial Revolution a. Science in industry b. Finance capitalism c. Industrial bourgeois and proletariat 3. WWII and the Russian Revolution 4. Rise of totalitarian states 5. The 1929 Great Depression 6. Roxas Mission in the USA Context: 1931 Workers condition improved in the West but deteriorated in the rest of the world Abuses of capitalism and socialism Content: A. Focus Renewal of the Social order Upliftment of the condition of the workers and the poor Relationship between laborer and employer Capitalism and Socialism B. Teachings: 1. Workers' right to: a. Just wages b. Living wage to support family 2. Principle of subsidiarity 3. State duties to: a. Promote harmony between classes b. Intervene in labor-management dispute 4. Social reconstruction needs a return to Christian spirit and Gospel Principles 5. Charity and Justice: bases of social order

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1961 MATER ET MAGISTRA Pope John XIII Historical Background (1931-1961) 1. 1919-1931, Rise of Hitler in Japan 2. 1939-1945, WorldWar II a. Atomic Bomb b. UN 3. 1946-1961, ColdWar a. Korean War b. Vietnam 4. Rise of Industrialized countries and poor non-industrialized nations 5. RP Carlos Garcia Context: 1961 Severe imbalance between depressed agricultural sector and industry Between rich and poor nations Content: A. Focus Agriculture Developing countries Catholic social teachings Social Function of property Just remuneration of work B. Teachings: 1. Church calls for services for rural areas and orderly economic development 2. Rural workers are the principal agents for their improvement 3. Citizens of less developed areas are chiefly responsible for their development 4. Need to establish effective program of emergency assistance 5. Industrial countries should respect the culture of developing countries: aid without intention to dominate 6. Role of the Catholic Teaching Today

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1963 PACEM EN TERRIS Pope John XXIII Historical Background (1961-1963) 1. New power relationships a. National struggles for independence b. Decline of Europe and emergence of Latin America, SEA, India and Africa 2. WARS a. Korean War b. Vietnam War c. Arab-Israel 3. Cold War 4. RP Macapagal Context: 1963 Danger of nuclear war Arms race Government's inadequacy to promote the common good Exploitation of small countries by big countries Berlin Wall Cuban Missile Crisis

Content: A. Focus Rights and duties of individuals Individuals Public authorities National government The world community for the attainment of peace B. Teachings: 1. True peace is possible only when true relationships on all levels are: Founded on TRUTH and according to JUSTICE Vivified and integrated by CHARITY Practiced in FREEDOM 2. Every human being in a person with intelligence and freedom who has Universal Inviolable Inalienable rights and obligations 3. Promotion of the Common Good is the chief concern of civil authority 4. Relationships between states must be based on TRUTH JUSTICE SOLIDARITY LIBERTY
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5. Individual states cannot seek their own interest and develop in isolation 1965 GAUDIUM ET SPES Bishops of the World Historical Background (1961-1965) 1. Hunger, poverty and illiteracy for majority of the world's population 2. Vast economic inequalities 3. Threat of nuclear war 4. Interdependence among people 5. Black revolt in US 6. Issues Population explosion Urbanization Ecological Crises Youth Revolt Last year of Macapagal Context: 1965 Technological changes have caused social changes from individuals to nations Conflicting forces: Wealth and poverty Freedom and psychological slavery Content: A. Focus Human Dignity The Common Good Families People's Right to Culture Justice and Development Economic and Political Life Peace B. Teachings: 1. The concerns, joys, and hopes of the people today are the concerns of the people of God 2. The Church's task is: a. To scrutinize signs of the times and interpret them in the light of the Gospel b. To enhance human dignity and the common good c. To be present in the world 3. Description of human dignity in the functions of Economic, Political and Cultural life

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1967 POPULORUM PROGRESSIO Pope Paul VI Historical Background (1964-1967) 1. Third World UNDERDEVELOPMENT and the development decades 2. Growth of executive despotism 3. Cultural revolution in China 1966 4. Youth Revolt Worlwide 5. ASEAN 6. Philippines: Marcos 1st term Context: 1967 Free trade rule Pernicious economic ideas Profit chief incentive for Economic Development Competition supreme law Private ownership of production Content: A. Focus CHRISTIAN vision of development: Total, integral and transcendent Development: the new name for peace Need for planning and aid, equity in trade relations B. Teachings: 1. People have a right and duty to develop themselves in a. The economic, political, socio-cultural level b. The spiritual dimension orienting their lives to God c. Embracing higher values of love, friendship, prayer and contemplation 2. Complete humanism and service to humanity are aims of development 3. Task of development is urgent but cautions against use of violence Peace is not the mere absence of war. Development is the new name for peace. Peace is built daily in pursuit of God's order.

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1971 OCTOGESIMA ADVENIENS Pope Paul VI Historical Background (1967-1971) 1968 Assassination of Martin Luther King and Robert Kennedy Womens LIB Movement 1969 Landing on the moon Flagrant inequalities in economy, culture, and politics, and development of nations Unfairness in distribution and exchange of goods Increase consumption needs ideologies ambiguities

Context: 1971 Urbanization and loneliness New poor Ambivalence of media Content: A. Focus Liberalism and Marxism Need for Equality and participation Christian discernment on contemporary situation and political option, when appropriate B. Teachings: 1. Given the wide diversity of situations in the world, each local church has the responsibility to discern and act 2. Christians need To reflect the changing situation of the world To carefully discern the options To apply Gospel principles on them To show preferential respect for the poor To recognize that liberation requires change Attitudes (personal conversion) Structures (involvement in social transformation) 3. "The Lord is working with us." 4. Solidarity and Freedom: Framework of genuine development.
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JUSTICE IN THE WORLD Synod of Bishops Historical Background (1967-1971) 1. Injustices are building a network of domination 2. Wealth, power, and decision-making in the hands of the few 3. Wasteful consumption by the rich 4. Increasing number of marginalized people a. Philippines i. Central Luzon floods ii. Student activism: First Quarter Storm iii. 1972: Martial Law Context: 1971 Oppression of the Third World Forces for achieving human dignity and force of division are strong Content: A. Focus JUSTICE for all, liberation of all humanity: an essential expression of Christian love Justice and love Church witness to justice through Simplicity of lifestyle Education to justice International action B. Teachings: 1. Action on behalf of Justice and social transformation are essential elements in r>e preaching of the good news 2. Love begins with justice but justice reaches fullness in LOVE 3. The Gospel gives the Church the right to a. Proclaim justices on all levels b. Denounce instances of injustices 4. Role of hierarchical of Church is not to offer concrete solutions to specific problems but promote human dignity and right through a. Education to justice b. Witness to life simplicity

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1975 EVANGELII NUNTIANDI Pope Paul VI Historical Background (1971-1975) Growth of Secularism A consumer society Pursuit of pleasure as supreme value Desire for power and domination Discrimination of every kind Disunity among proclaimers of the word One sided proclamation of the Gospel Disregard for the power of the Holy Spirit Philippines: Martial Law Context: 1975 Third World People vs. poverty, famine Economic and cultural neo-colonialism Injustice in international relations and trade Content: A. Focus Evangelization Involves an explicit message (content) adapted to different situations (context) Aims to bring the Good News to all strata of society, transforming it from within Preaches God LOVES the world through JESUS, SALVATION is available to ALL Includes a personal and social dimension (personal and structural conversion) B. Teachings: 1. Evangelization is a religious as well as a temporal task which must explicitly proclaim Jesus 2. Primary message of evangelization a. God loves the world and through Jesus b. Salvation is available to all c. The salvation Jesus proclaim is a liberation form all forms of oppression especially from the evil one and the joy of knowing God and being known by Him 3. Evangelization has a personal and social dimension a. Involving human rights, peace, justice, development and liberation b. Affecting human judgment, values, interests, thought and way of life
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c. Transforming humanity from within and making it new d. Requiring personal conversion expressed in changing structures 4. God loves the World through Jesus, Salvation is available to ALL.

1981 LABOREM EXCERCENS Pope John Paul II Historical Background (1975-1981) 1. Fall of the Shah of Iran 2. American Hostages in Iran 3. Iran-Iraq War Context: 1981 Growth of multi-national corporations Inadequate protection of agricultural workers People treated as instruments Automation Growing claim for people's participation Liberal capitalism and Marxist collectivism's rivalry 1981, 90th Anniversary of Rerum Novarum RP revival of labor unions inspire of repression Content: A. Focus Dignity of work Capitalism and socialism Property Spirituality of work B. Teachings: 1. Human beings are the proper subject of work. Nature of work a. People achieve dominion over the earth and fulfillment as human beings b. Through work, family life is sustained and the common good increased 2. Labor and capital a. Priority of labor over capital b. Primacy of people over things 3. Property a. Right to private property is subordinated to the right of common use b. Property acquired through work to serve labor c. Church favors joint ownership of the means of production 4. Right to Migration a. People have the right to leave trer own native countries in search of better
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condition 5. Spirituality of work a. Work imitates God's activity, gives dignity and participation in Gods activity b. Jesus was a man of work c. Work is i. A sharing in the cross and resurrection ii. Necessary for the earthly progress and development of the Kingdom iii. Needed for people to fulfill their total vocation 1988 SOLICITUDO REI SOCIALIS Pope John Paul II Historical Background (1981-1988) East-West tensions USSR-US North-South gap Rich-Poor Debt, unemployment session affecting millions in developing and developed countries National security vs. people's participation, Philippines EDSA People Power Revolution Overthrow of the Marcos dictatorship Beginning of the restoration of democracy (1986) Context: 1988 20th Anniversary of Development of Peoples Increasing poverty of the multitude Persistent and widening gap between the developed NORTH and the developing SOUTH Cultural inequalities Underdevelopment process due to East-West conflict RP EDSA People Power Victory and restoration of democratic processes Content: A. Focus Underdevelopment Authentic development Solidarity Moral and spiritual aspects of development B. Teachings: 1. True development: a. Orientation and measure is man's interior dimension: bodily and spiritual composition, made to the image and likeness of God b. Possibility based on God's decision to make man/woman a sharer of Christ's risen glory c. Characteristics:
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i. Inclusive collaboration of all ii. Respect for human dignity and people's right to development iii. Solidarity iv. Respect for the cosmos 2. Root of today's evils: Personal Sin and Structure of Sin - idolatry of money, ideology, class and technology 3. Needed for CONVERSION - change the spiritual attitudes 4. Affirmation of a. Social doctrine of the Church b. Love and preference for the poor c. Solidarity d. Reforms on international economic system e. Spirit of initiative on the part of developing nations f. The need for collaboration 5. Denunciation of a. Financial and social mechanism which favor the interest of people manipulating them b. Liberal capitalism's and Marxist collectivism failure to promote true and integral development of individuals and people c. Acts of terrorism d. Systematic campaign against birth Roots of Todays Evils: Personal Sin and Structure of Sin

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1991 CENTESSIMUS ANNUS Pope John Paul II Historical Background Fall of Communist Empire Last decade of 20th century Context: 1991 Fall of Russian Empire and decline of Communism Market economy and marginalization of majority Socialist State Capitalism Profit and foreign debts Threats to advance economies Consumerism Alienation Destruction of ecology and human environment Manipulation of mass communication Content: A. Focus Rerum Novarum 1989 significance of the fall of Communist Empire Private property and universal destination of material good Business economy and state capitalism State and Culture Man the way "The world culture means all those things which people use to improve and develop their many qualities of body and soul." (GS#53) B. Teachings: 1. ECONOMIC Not Capitalism or Socialist system but a society of
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 Freework Enterprise Participation where market is appropriately controlled by the forces of society and the state so to guarantee the the basic NEEDS of whole SOCIETY are satisfied 2. POLITICAL An authentic democracy which Is ruled by LAW based on the correct concept of the human person Provide citizens with Structures of participation Shared responsibility through education in the true ideals and the subjectivity of society Recognize fundamental rights 3. CULTURE Where MAN remains above all a being who Seeks the TRUTH Strives to LIVE the truth Deepens his/her understanding of it through DIALOGUE between the old and the young The PERSON Exercise intelligence, creativity and knowledge of the world of people Displays capacity for self-control, personal sacrifice and readiness to promote the common good "Not Capitalism or Socialist system but a society of Freework, Enterprise and Participation."

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