CRITICAL THINKING

SKILL




NAME : KHARUL HAFZD BN MOHD ASR
MATRIC NO. : PLPPP2011/024/KC
IC NO. : 930902-02-5209
CLASS : A1 WLLAM WORDSWORTH







Cr|t|ca| 1h|nk|ng Sk|||s Ass|gnment 2 Assess|ng Arguments (th|s counts as 20 of
your marks |n th|s sub[ect)
art 1 Ident|fy|ng keasons (10 marks)

cooclosloo 1hose people who dle from drownlng are more llkely Lo be swlmmers
Lhan nonswlmmers

1he answer ls (a eop|e who cannot sw|m are much more ||ke|y to avo|d r|sky
water sports) because people LhaL doesn'L have sklll Lo swlm wlll noL rlsk Lhelr
llfe Lo Lake parL ln waLer sporLs so lLs maLch Lhe concluslon person who dle from
drownlng are person who enLer Lhe waLer sporLs
b ,any deaths from drown|ng happen because peop|e on |e|sure boats do
not a|ways wear ||fe[ackets 1hls noLhlng Lo do wlLh swlmmer because
people who rlde lelsure boaLs could be anyone
c ven sw|mmers may pan|c |f they fa|| |n the water 1hls ls wrong because
panlc ln waLer could noL cause deaLh moreover swlmmer are professlonally
Lralned Lhey know how Lo survlve ln LhaL condlLlons

1 cooclosloo vegeLarlan dleL may be beneflclal Lo healLh

a A vegetar|an d|et |acks some |mportant v|tam|ns 1hls answer ls wrong
because lL's agalnsL Lhe concluslon lf vegeLarlan dleL ls lack of lmporLanL vlLamln
Lhen lL should glve negaLlve effecL Lo healLh
1he answer should be (b vegetar|an d|et does not conta|n an|ma| fats wh|ch can
cause heart d|sease) because normal person eaL meaLs whlch has a loL of faLs
LhaL cause healLh problem So vegeLarlan dleL can be good for healLh as Lhey
don'L eaL anlmal healLh
c A vegetar|an d|et does not conta|n f|sh o|| wh|ch |s thought to be benef|c|a|
to hea|th 1hls sLaLemenL ls wrong because lL's also agaln Lhe concluslon lf flsh
are good for healLh Lhen Lhe dleL ls bad because Lhey don'L eaL flsh aL all

2 cooclosloo lood donors should be pald for glvlng blood
a 1he b|ood serv|ce |s expens|ve to run 1hls sLaLemenL ls wrong as lLs noL
relaLed Lo Lhe concluslon lf blood servlce ls expenslve Lo run Lhen Lhere wlll
be no volunLeer Lo donaLe Lhelr blood
b eop|e who g|ve b|ood usua||y do so because they want to he|p others 1hls
sLaLemenL ls wrong lf Lhey wanL Lo help oLhers by volunLeer why should Lhey
recelve paymenL
c 1here |s a shortage of donors and payment wou|d encourage more peop|e
to vo|unteer 1hls ls Lhe Lrue sLaLemenL because Lhere are lacks of people who
have awareness Lo donaLe Lhelr blood When people geL paymenL for Lhelr
blood donaLlon lL shall aLLracL many people Lo do so

cooclosloo laylng compuLer games can be beneflclal for chlldren
a Ch||dren who p|ay computer games are |ess |nterested |n read|ng 1hls
sLaLemenL ls wrong because lL ls agalnsL Lhe concluslon lf chlldren who play
compuLer games are less lnLeresLed ln readlngs Lhen lL shall glve badness Lo
Lhem
b 1he v|sua| sk|||s of ch||dren |mprove when they f|rst start p|ay|ng computer
games 1hls sLaLemenL ls Lrue because when Lhelr vlsual sklll lmprove by playlng
compuLer games chlldren can undersLand well Lhelr lesson ln class as many
lesson are carry ouL ln vlsual learnlng sLyle
c Watch|ng te|ev|s|on |s no more educat|ona| than p|ay|ng computer games
1hls sLaLemenL are noL relaLed aL all Lo Lhe concluslon

4 cooclosloo Some Lypes of chewlnggum are bad for LeeLh
a Some chew|nggum |s sweetened w|th sorb|to| wh|ch he|ps to neutra||se
tooth rott|ng ac|ds 1hls sLaLemenL ls wrong because lL's agalnsL Lhe concluslon
lf Lhe chewlng gum has sorblLol LhaL helps Lo neuLrallse LooLh Lhen lL's good for
LooLh
b Chew|ng gum can get r|d of part|c|es of sugar trapped between the teeth
1hls sLaLemenL ls also wrong because lL's agalnsL Lhe concluslon lL should be
good Lo Lake chewlnggum when parLlcle of sugar LhaL Lrapped beLween LeeLh ls
belng rld when we chew a chewlng gum
c Some chew|nggum |s sweetened w|th sugar wh|ch causes tooth decay 1hls
ls Lhe Lrue sLaLemenL ecause sugar LhaL conLaln ln chewlng gum can cause LooLh
decay LhaL was bad for LooLh healLh














art 2 Summar|s|ng an argument (10 marks)
or Lhe followlng passage wrlLe a summary of Lhe maln concluslon and ldenLlfy Lhe reasons
LhaL supporL Lhe argumenL ldenLlfy Lhe reasons LhaL supporL any lnLermedlaLe concluslons
you have ldenLlfled

Crgans for LransplanLaLlon are ln very shorL supply and ln mosL counLrles demand greaLly
exceeds supply ln usLrla and Spaln however Lhe slLuaLlon ls very much beLLer as Lhere ls
'presumed consenL' ln relaLlon Lo organs LhaL can be Laken from someone who has dled
LhaL ls unless an lndlvldual has made an offlclal deposlLlon Lo Lhe conLrary any organ can be
Laken for LransplanLaLlon when Lhey are dead 1hls seems Lo be an alLrulsmencouraglng
plece of leglslaLlon LhaL oLher counLrles oughL Lo copy
lL ls also regarded as noble and alLrulsLlc Lo donaLe an organ Lo a frlend or relaLlve Such
LransplanLs negaLe Lhe ldea LhaL our bodles are somehow sacred and noLhlng should be
Laken from Lhem
So glven Lhe accepLance of organ donaLlon and Lhe emphasls on paLlenL auLonomy why ls
Lhere horror and almosL unlversal re[ecLlon of Lhe posslblllLy of a person selllng Lhelr kldney
for money? lf paLlenLs have Lhe rlghLs over Lhelr own bodles why should Lhey noL be
allowed Lo do whaL Lhey llke wlLh Lhem? lL does noL harm anyone else no one denles Lhe
rlghL of people Lo Lake rlsks wlLh Lhelr bodles as cllmbers sklers and even urban cycllsLs
regularly do oxers are pald for us Lo see Lhem suffer severe bodlly damage Soldlers
proLecL us by rlsklng Lhelr bodles
1he mosL common argumenL l hear ls LhaL rlch people wlll be able Lo buy kldneys from poor
people Lo whlch my reply ls LhaL poor people wlll Lhus be able Lo geL some money l
cannoL see on whaL grounds one should noL be able Lo sell parLs of one's body aparL from an
almosL lnsLlncLlve dlsLasLe buL LhaL ls noL ln lLself a good basls for maklng [udgemenLs
lmaglne a slLuaLlon where a desperaLely poor person perhaps even ln anoLher counLry
could escape from deblllLaLlng poverLy by Lhe sale of an organ Such a sale lf Lhe money
were good could Lransform Lhe llfe of Lhe seller's famlly 1hls could be open Lo abuse buL
could be sub[ecL Lo regulaLlon ln a manner analogous Lo Lhe conLrol Lhere ls over Lhe way we
sell our labour"
(Lewls WolperL 'kldney Lrouble' @ loJoJot oo 5ooJoy 22 ebruary 1998)

art 2 2 marks for maln concluslon 6 marks for reasons and lnLermedlaLe concluslons 2
marks for spelllng puncLuaLlon and grammar








SU,,Ak


Mln CCnCLuSlCn
1here are lacks of organ donaLlon nowadays buL Lhe requlem for organ LransplanL ls hlgh
1herefore people should be allowed Lo sell Lhelr kldney



ln1L8MLul1L CCnCLuSlCn

1 Crgans for LransplanLaLlon are ln very shorL supply
8eason nowadays we hardly geL a volunLeer who wllllng Lo donaLe hls organ for
LransplanLaLlon

2 Such a sale lf Lhe money were good could Lransform Lhe llfe of Lhe seller's famlly
8eason We all know LhaL organs are worLh ln prlce so lf poor people sell Lhelr
organs who need LransplanL Lhey can change Lhelr famlly faLe by recelvlng money
Lhrough Lhe donaLlon

3 lL ls also regarded as noble and alLrulsLlc Lo an organ Lo a frlend or relaLlve
8easons lL's ls very good ln vlew of moral value lf someone wllllng Lo donaLe Lhelr
organ Lo Lhelr relaLlve or frlends Lo save Lhelr llfe

4 lL does noL harm anyone else
8easons eople have Lhelr own rlghL Lo deLermlne lf Lhey wanL Lo donaLe Lhelr
organs because Lhey deslre Lo do so and Lhey acLlon does noL glve negaLlve affecL Lo
anyone else

3 8lch people wlll be able Lo buy kldneys from poor people
8easons 8lch people could geL beneflLs Lo geL kldneys and cure Lhelr healLh problem
because Lhey have a loL of money for healLh care ln addlLlon poor people could
have beneflLs by Lhls buslness

6 Cne should noL be able Lo sell parLs of one's body from an almosL lnsLlncLlve dlsLasLe
8easons lLs almosL cerLaln LhaL we can accommodaLe and sLlll save Lhe llves of
Lhose who are dylng for wanL of donor organ