Charged Blackfolds

Solvay Workshop, Brussels, May 20, 2010 Niels Obers, Niels Bohr Institute

0912.2352 (JHEP), 0910.1601 (JHEP) & 0902.0427 (PRL) + to appear (with R. Emparan, T. Harmark, V. Niarchos) 0708.2181 (JHEP) (with R. Emparan, T. Harmark, V. Niarchos, M.J. Rodriguez)

Black holes and branes in string theory

J dualities (S,T,U) have played a major role for (SUSY and non-SUSY) black holes/branes in string theory - generate new (more complicated) solutions - alternative descriptions of same physics - decoupling limits, AdS/CFT - microscopic counting of entropy I This talk: other way of generating new (approximate analytic) black hole solutions in ST/M-theory: charged blackfolds (part of a development with many more applications) - new arena for microstate counting - new thermal phases in dual field theories ? - other applications by further conjugating with dualities: perhaps even richer picture (for the future..)

Basic idea and results

I basic idea: take the fundamental black branes (or intersections/bound states) of ST/M-Theory and curve them into black holes with compact horizon topologies Here: blackfold limit (test-brane) equilibrium: spinning, non-trivial backgrounds, can include backreaction in perturbative expansion For simplicity: focus on single-charge, asymptotically flat F1, NS5, Dp (type II) M2, M5 (M-theory) but method is very general: - generalize to multi-charge blackfolds - interesting extremal limits - other backgrounds J more generally: can apply to any branes in effective SUGRA theories with various p-form potentials

Charged blackfolds in string theory

Emparan,Harmark,Niarchos,NO (in progress)

Plan

Separation of scales for BHs in higher dimensional gravity Effective worldvolume theory: Blackfold approach Novel stationary charged blackfolds in ST/M-theory Instabilities and correlated stability conjecture in blackfolds Discussion and outlook

Higher-dimensional gravity + separation of scales

J difficult to obtain exact black hole solutions in higher-dimensional gravity theories (unless high degree of symmetry, SUSY, etc.) ! Dynamics of BHs in D 5 much richer than four dimensions D=4 : black hole uniqueness (in EM) D=5: besides spherical black holes (S3) there are (dipole) black rings (S2 S1), black Saturn, - 4D inspired techniques successful (assuming 2 axial Killing vector fields integrability ) D 6: MP black holes (SD-2 ) are only known exact solutions in Einstein grav. - full dynamics too complex to be captured by conventional approaches novel feature of higher D black holes: I in some regimes horizons are characterized by (at least) two separate scales
Emparan,Reall

D=5 R r0

R = radius of S1 r0 = radius of S2

ultraspinning black rings radius of ring thickness of ring

Higher D black holes organized according to scales

I dynamics of higher-dimensional black holes naturally organized in relative value of scales single length scale: Kerr BH behavior regime of mergers and connections between phases when two horizon scales meet r0 R - not accessible to effective methods; requires extrapolation or numerics separation of scales allows effective description of long-wavelength description physics Based on idea that when black hole is locally a flat (possibly boosted) black brane (cf. known examples)

Effective theory describes how to bend black brane wv in background spacetime (similar to effective theories for other extended objects: cosmic strings, D-branes) Blackfold = Black brane whose worldvolume extends along a curved submanifold of background spacetime - to leading order in : `test blackfold (neglect backreaction)

Main ingredients + results

Emparan,Harmark,Niarchos,NO

Ingredients: - classical brane dynamics (Carter) - long wavelengths: dynamics of fluid that lives on dynamical worldvolume - (charged) black branes correspond to specific type of fluid ! to leading order: (charged) perfect fluid blackfold equations intrinsic (Euler equations of fluid + charge current conservation) extrinsic (generalized geodesic eqn. for brane embedding) gives novel stationary black holes + allows study of time evolution possible in principle to incorporate higher-derivative corrections cf. closely related precedents of mappings black holes to fluid dynamics - membrane paradigm - fluid/AdS-gravity correspondence notation: spacetime worldvolume

Neutral blackfolds
Emparan,Harmark,Niarchos,NO

Recently applied to neutral black branes of higher dim gravity: Quick overview of results -new helical black strings and rings - odd-branes wrapped on odd-spheres (generalizes 5D black ring) R - even-branes wrappend on even-balls correctly reproduce MP BHs in ultraspinning (pancaked) limit

- non-uniform black cylinders

- static minimal blackfolds (non-compact)

Effective worldvolume theory collective coords

I similar to effective theories for other extended objects: cosmic strings, D-branes difference: - short-distance d.o.f. = gravitational short-wavelength modes - extended objects posses black hole horizon

- effective action from integrating out short-wavelength d.o.f. - are `collective coordinates J main clue: known black holes in limit ) flat black branes - need collective field dynamics black boosted p-brane D collective coordinates (depending on wv coords )

charge positions in directions transverse to worldvolume horizon thickness velocity

- coordinates a = (t,zi) span brane worldvolume

Effective stress tensor

J validity of effective field approximation

length scale of the worldvolume Wp+1:

size-scale of the brane

I integrating out short-distance dynamics: = SUGRA eqs. solved at distances r R + effects at distances r r0 encoded in a stress tensor (+charge current) that depends on collective coords. introduce slow variation of collective coordinates: perfect fluid form: expected for any kind of brane

Black p-branes in ST/M-theory

J action

black brane solutions:

I (charged) perfect fluid with

characteristic length scale:

Blackfold dynamics
J general effective theory of classical brane dynamics = theory of fluid on dynamical worldvolume assume: - effective stress tensor derives from underlying conservative dynamics (GR) - spacetime diffeomorphism invariance (consistent couping of wv. to long-wave length gravitational field (stress tensor supported on worldvolume) (using embedding tensors, extrinsic curvature tensor etc. etc.) (for particle worldline: I stress tensor conservation: extrinsic equations (D-p-1 ) generalized geodesic equation intrinsic equations (p+1) I charged case: current conservation: )

Blackfold equations + stationary blackfolds

I blackfold equations (stress tensor + current conservation): determine the D+1 collective brane coords. blackfolds represent objects with horizon - reflected in effective theory in entropy and local thermodynamics assume regularity of event horizon under long-wave length perturbations when blackfold equations are satisfied no rigorous derivation but significant evidence: - thin black rings, black tori (first correction computed using MAE = matched asymptotic expansion) - cf. black branes in AdS J equilibrium configurations stationary in time = stationary black holes can solve blackfold equations explicitly for thickness, velocity + charge ! only need to solve extrinsic equations for the embedding

velocity field

blackfolds with boundaries: fluid approaches speed of light at bdry. (horizon closes off !)

Action principle for stationary blackfolds and 1st law

J for stationary blackfolds: extrinsic blackfold eqns can be intergrated to action

I for any embedding (not nec. solution) this action is prop. to Gibbs free energy:

compute mass and angular momentum by integrating appropriate stress tensor components over brane worldvolume + entropy from total area varying G ) 1st law of thermodynamics 1st law of thermo , blackfold equations for stationary configurations can also use Smarr relation to show that: total tension vanishes for (asymptotically flat) stationary blackfolds

Novel solutions: products of odd-spheres

horizon topology: can be non-trivially fibered if blackfold has boundaries J wrap brane wv. on products of (round) odd spheres and spin equally in all directions Novel family of charged blackfolds with horizon topology:

I example: wrap F1-string on a circle of radius R

R black dipole ring (carries no net charge, but dipole charge) (compare: exact 5D dipole rings (Emparan))

Summary: odd-sphere charged blackfolds

new stationary black holes in ST/M-theory, w. novel horizon topology Generalizes 5D neutral black ring of Emparan,Reall Upper bound on charge for solution to exist new type of charge (generalizing dipole charge of ring) entering 1st law of thermo (cf. Copsey, Horowitz) Smarr (presumably) stable for sufficiently high charge For sufficiently high : positive specific heat

Gregory-Laflamme instability
J blackfold approach captures perturbative dynamics of BH when - can be intrinsic variations (thickness, local velocity) or extrinsic (embedding) ! generally coupled simple case: - decoupling between intrinsic/extrinsic I for a general perfect fluid: transverse (elastic) perturbations longitudinal (soundmode) perturbations charged blackfolds have: J sound mode instability is long-wavelength part of GL instability ! good agreement with slope of GL curve for sufficiently high charge cf. correlated stability conjecture (Gubser, Mitra) ! worldvolume looks flat

Comparison to earlier effective prescriptions

extrinsic part: generalization to p-branes of effective world-line formalism for small black holes Poisson/Gralla,Wald/Goldberger,Rothstein/Kol,Smolkin intrinsic part: similar to fluid-dynamical formalisms for horizon fluctuations - membrane paradigm, fluid/AdS gravity correspondence J can apply blackfold formalism to near-extremal D3-brane small scale is charge radius rq of D3-brane - in overlap-zone: metric is flat up to corrections rq/R can take Maldacena limit to decouple far-zone effects from near-horizon excitations region is asymptotic to AdS5 S5 + far-zone effects absent (would change boundary geometry) integrating d.o.f. in asymptotic AdS region ! intrinsic (pure hydrodynamic) collective modes only I no extrinsic worldvolume dynamics, but: - simpler to compute higher derivative corrections to perfect fluid dynamics - charge near extremality eliminates sound mode instability - describes hydrodynamic regime of strongly-coupled YM

Further Outlook
charged blackfolds with multiple charges/extremal limits - develop general theory of anistropic p-form charged fluids - opens up new interesting dynamics (in progress) Emparan,Harmark,Niarchos,NO (cf. supertubes) SUSY blackfolds ? - extremal black holes and black rings cf. 5D supersymmetric black ring
Figueras,Kunduri,Lucetti,Rangamani Elvang,Emparan,Mateos,Reall

method can also be applied to blackfolds in other backgrounds (AdS, dS) + turning on other fields - black rings in (A)dS Caldarelli,Empran,Rodriguez stability analysis relation with DBI higher-order analysis (via MAE/ClEFT) relation to fluid/gravity correspondence duality of higher D black holes to plasma balls + rings in SS AdS (cf. Lahiri,Minwalla) many similar features