Topic: The Structure Of Atom

Understanding the Electronic Structure of An Atom

Modern Atom Model

Nucleus } proton + neutron An atom contains:  Proton  Neutron and  Electron Shell

Electron

The Solar System

Orbit
a) A planet moving around

the sun. b) Solar system contains:  The sun  The planets Planet Sun

What Is The Similarities and Differences?

Nucleus Sun Shell Orbit Electron Planet Difference: The orbit in solar system contain only 1 planet, but the shell may contain more than 1 electron.

Electron Arrangement
The electron arrangement is:

how the electrons of an atom are located around the nucleus.

How Electrons Are Arranged?

 Number of electron = Number of proton  The

first shell will be filled with electrons till the maximum numbers followed by the second shell, third shell, etc.

Electron Arrangement
The first shell can be filled with maximum of 2 electrons. The second shell can be filled with maximum of 8 electrons.  The third shell can be filled with maximum of 18 electrons, but for elements 1-20 the maximum electrons can be filled is 8.  The remains electron is filled in the fourth shell.

40 18

Ar

An example: Argon 2.8.8

Electron Arrangement
Aluminum has 13 proton number.
27 13

Al

So, a neutral aluminum atom has 13 electrons to be filled in the shells.

An example: Aluminum 2.8.3

Exercise:

Electron Arrangement

Fluorine has 9 proton number.

19 9

So, a neutral fluorine atom has 9 electrons to be filled in the shells.

Fluorine 2.7

Exercise: Electron Arrangement

Neon has 10 proton number.

20 10

Ne

So, a neutral neon atom has 10 electrons to be filled in the shells.

Neon 2.8

Electron Arrangement Exercise:

Sodium has 11 proton number.
23 11

Na

So, a neutral sodium atom has 11 electrons to be filled in the shells.

Sodium 2.8.1

Exercise: Electron Arrangement

Calcium has 20 proton number.

40 20

Ca

So, a neutral calcium atom has 20 electrons to be filled in the shells.

Calcium 2.8.8.2

Conclusion
The electron arrangement is how the electrons of an atom are located around the nucleus.