Binder 1

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EdkifiHawmfwnfjidrfat;csrf;a&;ESifh EdkifiHawmfwdk;wufa&;udk
aESmifh,SufzsufqD;olrsm;tm; qefYusifMu/
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jynfyEdkifiHrsm;tm; bHk&efoltjzpf owfrSwfacsrIef;Mu/
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EdkifiHa&; OD;wnfcsuf (4) &yf
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EdkifiHawmfopfwpf&yf wnfaqmufa&;
pD;yGm;a&; OD;wnfcsuf (4) &yf
www.pemskool.org
pem-skool@googlegroups.com
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bufpHkzGHYjzdK;wdk;wufatmif wnfaqmufa&;
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PEM sKoOL
(qdk;Gm;pGm)]xd} ]cdkuf} (ap) ]Edkif}

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pmrlcGifhjyKcsuf trSwf
rsufESmzHk;cGifhjyKcsuf trSwf
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6200360510
620 040 0610
yxrtMudrf? ZGefv? 2010
OD;pef;rGefatmif? trSwf(171-'D)? A[ef;?
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OD;aZmfjrifh0if; (umvmZHkyHkESdyfwkduf)
216? ajrnDxyf? AdkvfwpfaxmifjrdKUe,f?
&efukefjrdKU/
500
1000
awav? vif;&rm? vif;eDndK

xkwfa0onfh pmtkyf uwfwavmuf tnTef; (CIP)
801.81
exit
X
Exit Poetry
A Division of Ngartoisarpay,
Yangon
ph : 559773
uavmifpHk
qdk;&Gm;pGm xdcdkufapEdkifygonf ^ uavmifpHk/
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2010/
109
- pm? 27.3 pifwD _ 20 pifwD/
(1) qdk;&Gm;pGm xdcdkufapEdkifygonf
21/
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rmwdum
1/ trSmpum;vdkvdk . . . tuJjzwfpmvdkvdk . . . bmvdkvdk . . . ( opmeD )
2/ trSmpm (awav? vif;&rm? vif;eDndK)
vif;eDndK
3/ wpfa&;Edk;
4/ rD;xGef;jyD; vdkuf&Sm
5/ twGif;pum;
6/ eD;wJhusrf;dk;
7/ &dyfceJpwefYxGifjcif;
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9/ tif;aygh tJhvdk jzpfcsifjzpfrSmaygh
10/ za,mif;wkdifxGef;xm;wJh *g0ef
11/ rif;vdkvlpm;trsm;MuD;a[h
12/ zefqif;&Sifudk &efolra&G;cdkif;eJU
13/ (aemufqHk;aom) dk;dk;&Sif;&Sif;
14/ tylydkif; 0ef;usif uEm& wpfck jyefYusJaeaom tmz&du ae0ifjyD; tylydkif;ZHk wpfck
xyfzefwD; tdktmz&du tdk rpf',ftdpf tdk vufwiftar&du
15/ aeomw,fvdkYawmh r[kwfygbl;
16/ avmu"gwfenf;usaom tvGrf;
17/
1*/
19/
20/
vif;&rm
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rdk;xm;wJh tdrfrufawG qdkovdkyJ
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vuf&Sd
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xGufoGm;aom vlY&yfaygufrsm;
qGJtm;rJh a'oxJ vrf;avQmufxGufaom . . .
tm .. vdkuf .. rI .. rSm .. vGJ .. av .. .. avm ..
wpfa,mufruwm aocsmw,f
wdrfqdkifawG rD;cwfrnfhn
nDrQaom^jcif;ônf =
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awav
b ESifh p wESifhqHk;aom
'DxJ tukefxnfha&;vdkufw,f? tukefzwfyg
pdwfcHtm;usqif;rIa&m*grsm ul;pufcH&jcif;
arhaq;qdkwm rkd;ntdyfrufjrL
uRefawmfrodjcif;rsm; 'grSr[kwf [kdwpfp 'Dwpfp ckd;csxm;jcif;
'grSr[kwf r[kwfwm ('g) awG
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oa0xkd; [a& atmufujrpf a[h
acsmifxdk;xm;aom acsmifxJu acsmifaejcif;rsm;
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bmyJajymajym rdwLpufuawmhqufvufckwfarmif;qJyJ
c&D;
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tdyfpufjcif;
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zkef;eJY jyemwufwJh aeYu zkef;bDvfraqmif&ao;aMumif;
zkef;rqufMubl;
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vif;&rm? awav? vif;eDndK
trSmpum;vdkvdk . . .
tuJjzwfpmvdkvdk . . .
bmvdkvdk . . .
(opmeD)
2010
Zefe0g&Dv
23
&ufaeYu
jrefrmtifzdkwufcfwGif
usif;ycJhaom
Barcamp enf;ynmqdkif&m aqG;aEG;yGJudk uGefawmfwufa&mufcJhonf/ aeYvnfwGif yifr
taqmuftOD; tcef; (201) bavmh*fuAsmrsm;taMumif; aqG;aEG;ajymqdk&mrSmvnf; yg0ifcJhonf/
uAsmqdkvSsifyif uGefawmf xrif;arh [if;arh pdwf0ifpm;onf/ (wu,fvnf;xdkaeYu reufpm
vGwfoGm;\)/ owfrSwfcsdefausmfvGefoGm;aomfvnf; aqG;aEG;yGJu rjyD;ao;ojzifh ae&mqufa&TUum
aqG;aEG;cJhMu&onf/ uAsmqdkvSsif pmrsufESmay:u uAsmawGomru tGefvdkif;ay:u uAsmawGudkyg
zwfcsifonf/ 'DvdkESifh rdk;vdIifn? odk;xdef;(tEdr)? armifzkef;jrifh paom uAsmq&mawGESifh &if;ESD;vm&\/
aemufwqifhwufum wjcm; bavmh*g uAsmq&mav; awGESifhvnf; oduGrf;&if;ESD;oGm;onf/
2010? rwfv(21) &uf urmhuAsmaeY usif;yaomtcg uAsmESifhywfouf pHkaphap
csifonfh oabmjzifh bavmh*fuAsmawGESifh ywfoufonfh u@udkxnfhoGif;cJh\/ armifvif;&dyfu
pmwrf;zwf
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armifzkef;jrifhESifh
odk;xdef;(tEdr)
wdkYu
pum;ajymcJhMuonf/
jrefrmuAsmavmuxJudk bavmh*fuAsma&pD;aMumif; pD;0ifcJhjcif; tjyif uAsmzGHUjzdK;a&;twGuf
taxmuftyHhyif jzpfayonf[k ,lqcJhonf/ pme,fZif;uAsmawG (On Paper) xuf bavmh*fuAsm
(Online Poem) u omwJhtcsufawG &Sdaeonf/ pmzwfy&dwfowf us,fjyefYonf/ (urmw0Srf;
&SdEdkifonf)/ tEkynm zefwD;EdkifcGifh ydkrdkvGwfvyfonf/ y&dwfowfqDa&muf&ef vSsifjrefvG,fulonf/
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,ckawmh xdkqEjynfh0p jyKvmonf/ pme,fZif; uAsmq&m wcsdKUu olwdkYuAsmawG tGefvdkif;ay:
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xkwfa0&ef pDpOfvmMuonf/ xdktxJwGif olwdkY oHk;a,mufvnf; yg\/ vif;eDndK? vif;&rm? awav/
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qdkEdkifonf/ uGefawmfwdkY jiif;y,fr&Edkifaom t&m . . .
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olwdkY uAsmawGudk zwfvSsif (armifjynfhrif; rSwfcsufcscJhovdk) a&Smhcfwpfck &rSmawmh aocsmvSayonf/
av;pm;vsuf
opmeD
(ar 2010)

3
trSmpm
'Dpmtkyf[m pDpOf vdkuf? rpDpOf vdkuf? pDpOf &if;? rpDpOf &if;eJY yJ rMumoifh ovdk?
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udk yg;pyfeJY wdkufcsay;xm;Muw,f/ xkwfoifh rxkwfoifh pOf;pm;&if; xkwfawmhrvdk rxkwfawmhrvdk
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r[kwfyg/ bmawG bmyJjzpfjzpf b,folawG b,fvdkyJ&Sd&Sd . . . bmyJjzpfjzpf rSwfwkdifa[mif;a[mif; rSs . .
awav? vif;&rm? vif;eDndK

PEM sKoOL
vif;eDndK (1989 - 20 ??)
wpfa&;edk;
tdyf&mEdk;awmh? va&mifucyfapmif;apmif;MuD;?
Ak'[l;aeYn[m ykvif;tzHk;udkzGifhjyD; xGufvmw,f/
csdKjrdefjcif;[m vef;qef;jcif;vkdrsdK; tcef;xJrSm w&m;ysufaewmMumjyD?
aoavmufwJh Riff awG? double kick awG yg;jyifaxmifjyD; em;xJujyefpD;usvmw,f/
aomufvufppD;u&uf u zwfvufppmtkyfay:u aomufvufp ukwfcfbl;ay:rSm?
rjyD;jywfao;wmawGrsm;aew,f? vwfpowfoifhaew,f/
[dkbuftdrfjywif;aygufujrifae&wJh
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ta&jym;ay:u acR;aygufawGxJrSm/ r[kwfbl;/
em&DawG,drf;xdk;aew,f?
jyefpOf;pm;Munfhawmh?
twdwfudk igvufzsm;cgrdw,f/
rSefwpfcsyfxJrSm twdwf&dSw,fvdkYawmhajymwmyJ?
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a0g . . . .
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ol . . . bmaMumifh . . . b,fvdk . . . /
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taygpm;AD'D,dkxJrSm zdodyfcHxm;&wJh
igu ig;wpfaumifvdkvdk? (ig;ESpfaumif vdkvdk)
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tdrfawGrSmcif;wJh (b,fvf*sD,H) aumaZmawGMuD;taMumif;pOf;pm;csifpOf;pm;vmr,f?
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uav;awGaqmhwJh upm;yGJwpfckvdkaygh/
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ckeuvdk? uav;aqmhwJhupm;yGJwpfckvdkaygh/
(vc xkwfwJhaeY rSm)
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(r[kwfcsifvnf;r[kwfbl;vdkY oifxif&ifvnf;xifr,f)
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rGef;MuyfrIawGMum;jrKyfvdkufay:vdkuf/

7
aygvpfa&mifajy;aewJh Murf;jyif wpfcef;/

yef;Eka&mif wdkufeH&HrSm x aewJh trIefY awG udk
e*g;wHqdyfuyf bl;wpfbl; vdk armhaomufypfvdkuf?
armhaewJh acgif;u arSmifaewJh rsufESmusufrSm
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tJ'D wpfrsdK;wpfbmom qef; aewJh ow0g (av;) awGu
vG,f tdwfudk vG,f jyD;awmh odkrSD; pepfawGudk yg cGifhjyKvmMuw,f/
oHacsmif;acgufoHudk vnf*kwfaemufupGyfjyD; em;rSm wyfxm;ovdk
n 3 em&D [m n\ tv,fydkif; udk A[dk jyK aewkef; yJ/
'gqdk&if b,frSmvJ yefum/ b,frSmvJ avat;ay;puf/ b,frSmvJ MunfhrSef/
udk,fhemrnfawmif udk,fharhavmufatmifudk olrsm; taMumif;awG eJY ysHUvGifhaevdkufwm?
]]wu,fhudk av;av;eufeuf pOf;pm;MuzdkY vdktyfvmygjyD}} qdkwJh pum;udk cJwH rSdefrSdefav;eJY
cHkwef;&Snf qDrSm oGm;a&;ay;vdkufr,f/ rdk;a&awG Mum;rSmaygh/
rsufpdrqHk;awmhwJhab;wdkufnawG?
wufvdkufqif;vdkufeJY rqHk;awmhwJh bwfpfum;awG?
za&ZmrSmavQmufaewJh vlawGeJY udk,fhordkif;udk,fa&;ygvdkYajymaewJh avvHk;awG?
tkef;yifawG? rkd;a&awG? tdyfrufawG? cspfpum;awG?
tvif;a&mifawG? teDa&mifawG? . . . . ? . . . .? . . . /
rdk;rvif;ao;ayrJh? rD;vif;oGm;atmifrD;cvkwfvSrf;zGifhvdkufw,f?
rD;acsmif;vif;oGm;w,f/
b0[m'gyJvdkYigvdkuf&Sif;jyw,f / / /
vif;eDndK
rD;xGef;jyD;vdkuf&Sm . . .
rSefxJu olYEIwfcrf;ay:u avSmifjyHK;aMumifhigrD;avmifoGm;w,f?
tJ'g[mvnf; &dSpkrJhpktvif;a&mifeJYtoufqufae&wJh
jrdKUwpfjrdKU &JU [efaqmifrIxJu olYZmwfola&;jyD;uaewm/
pm;cJhzl;wJhaeYvnfawG wpfeyfjyD;wpfeyf?
igydkifwmawGvnf; olwdkYtukef,loGm;w,f?
cifAsm;vnf;wpfaeYawmhodrSmyJ?
. . . pojzifhawGudka&maygh/
pdk&GJaewJhaeYwpfaeYrSmolYudkawGUvdkufjyefw,f/
MuGyfMuGyftdwfawGeJYtwl igvnf;aqG;ajrUzdkYcJ,Of;vmw,f/ tJ'g[mvnf;udk,fhudkudk,fyJjyefnpfnrf;zdkYjz
pfvmwmvm;qdkwJh
ar;cGef;awGu udk,fezl;ay:udk,fvufwifzdkYjzpfvmovdkyg/
[dkwkef;u aeY&ufawGtm;vHk;[m?
a&mihf&Jp&m edwd? [dk[mr&dS? bm r&dSeJY/
tck aeY&ufawG tm;vHk;[m?
vGrf;p&m twdeJY? bmrS r&dSwmcsif; twlwl toufi,fwmu omao;w,fwJh/
ajymoGm;vkdufMuwm? ajy;oGm;vdkufMu ovdkyJ? ajzmifh vdkY/
aemufwpfacgufrsm;cifAsm;olYudkoGm;xyf&Smvnf;? e*dktwdkif;pkwfjywfowfvdkY?
olvdk igvdk olawGMum; bmaumifawGxyfay:vmrSmvJvdkYapmifhaeao;w,f?
jyD;cJhwJhudpawGvnf;xyfrajymjzpfMubl;?
wdwfqdwfrIudkjzdKcGJzdkY ighudkarG;zGm;cJhwmr[kwfbl;?
'geJYvdkcsifrIwpfckudk tcsdeftawmftMumtxd xdef;xm;EdkifwJhtcg?
tjcm;wpfzufMunfhvdkufawmh rGpmusJaejyefw,f?
ig [m olYudkjyuef'defwpfckudkifjyD;apmifhaejyefw,f?
bmrSef;rodvdkufbl;/ tvsifvdkaewJh uHMurmvdkvdk? vlvdkvdk aumifu olYudko,faqmifoGm;jyefw,f/
uGJtufaewJhEIwfcrf;udkigvsmeJYvsufvdkufw,f/
aevHk;u0ifvdkufxGufvdkufeJYu pm&if;IwfvdkufwmvdkY awG;zl;wJhtxdtcsdefawGtm;aecJh?
ESpfudk,fcGJxm;wJhMum;uemusifrIawG
wjznf;jznf;eJYuGJtufaewJh EIwfcrf; ay:u temwpfckvdkyspfESpfap;uyfvmw,f/
oknatmuf ,lZemodef;csDa&mufaewJh tcsdeftydkif;umv? tdrfwpftdrf&JU acsmifuswJh
tHqGJwpfvkH;[myGifhvdkYaew,f/
vufoD;udkwif;wif;qkyfjyD; arQmfMunfhrdawmh
yifv,fjyifawG [m wdk;wdk;oufom pGm &rforf vGJaewm /
qifwljzpf&yfawG[m aoG;udkajcmufvSefUvmw,f/
aemufxyf rvdkcsifawmhbl;/
tJ'gudk aq;vdyfAl;cGHawGeJY zkef;ypfzdkY MudK;pm;cJhMu/
rsufvHk;awG? w,fvDzkef;awG? tem*wfa[mudef;awG? tajrmftjrifawG?
tm;vHk;tcsdefudkufAHk;wpfvHk;vdk xaygufuGJ/
rdkifeJYcsDwJh tdyfrufawG wdwdususr&dSyJ yHkpHawGxJrSm
igh twGufusef&pfwm
ightwGufowfrSwfxm;wJh ta&mifvGifhoPefawGeJYreufjzeftwGufcsrSwfjyD;om;t&mawG/
....................
.......
'gudkoif,Hkovm;/
............
avrkefwdkif;wpfck a'gifvdkufwdkufcwfoGm;vdkygyJ?
uHMurmtwuftus[mtvif;xufjrefw,f /
/
/
vif;eDndK
10
twGif;pum;
rsuf&nfxGufcJhw,f? rsuf&nfrvG,fcJhvnf; . . .
odomodcJUMuwm?
tajzvnf;r&dS? ar;cGef;vnf;r&dS?
tpdk;vnf;r&? rkd;vnf;r[kwf?
aemufqHk;vnf;r[kwf? Edkifvnf;rEdkif?
[dkvdkvdk [dkvdkvdk eJYyJ
igh vufaumuf0wfqDrSm olY pum;awG jzwfceJvmvmywfw,f?
aoG;vnf;rxGuf? twGif;vnf;raMu?
xl;qef;axGvm Zmwfvrf; wpfckxJu
tdk;om;qHk;vlrQom / / /
vif;eDndK
11
eD;wJh usrf;dk;
arhvdkYr&cif ar;wifjyD; pOf;pm;awmh
aomufoHk;cJhwJh tcef;awGrSmyJ
toHk;rusol? toHk;usol? vlao? awG udk
rsufpdwpfzufrSdwfjyrdcJhvdkufovdkvdk?
tJ'DvdkxifaewJh taMumif;awGrSmvnf;?
n & em&D? toHk;usol awG [m toHk;rus olawG jzpfukefMuw,f? n &em&D?
toHk;rusolawG [m aoukefMuw,f? n & em&D?
(Mumawmh) vlaoawGvnf; Munfhavav aoavav jzpfvmw,f/ n & em&D?
&,f&vdkY vl;vdrfh &if;? urm jym; ay: u jrpfawG&JU tauG;taumuf awGudk
pau;rygawmhwJh oHaywHtopfwpfacsmif;eJY jcpfxkwfvdkufw,f?
tusawG wpfxnfjyD; wpfxnf?
ighcEmudk,fvnf; wpfa,mufjyD;wpfa,mufpDrSm wyfqifxm;cJh&if;? (xifxm;cJh&if;)
uspfvpfrI toufl&dSKufoHawG tjynfh nnfhoHk;,HrSmvnf; om;aumifawG A&yG?
wyfqifxm;cJhwJh udk,fvufawGudkyJ tm;em&rvdkvdk?
. . . vdkvdk?
. . . vdkvdk?
raocsmrIawG trsm;MuD;eJY rodwwfrIudk pdefac:&if;
bmudkvJ vdkY vnf; igrar;? (olvnf;rar;)
aooGm;wJh vlawG bmjzpfrJh taMumif; oDcsif;awG cifAsm;wdkYa&;cJhw,f?
pmtkyfawG cifAsm;wdkY zwfcJhMuw,f?
oifudk,fwdkif yg0if okyfaqmifxm;wJh kyf&Sif um;wpfum; / Zmwfvrf; wpfck udk igwdkY arQmfaerSmygyJ/
odyfIyf&Sufrcufao;cifrSmyJ?
t&rf;vQifjrefwJh tjzpfawG udk,fht&dyfudk udk,f0ifwdkufw,f?
(vlao awGxyfaoMujyefw,f)
acG;wpfaumifudkowfzdkY ESL;uvD;,m; vufeufrvdkbl;?
igwdkY vdkcsifwm&zdkY aumif;uifudk vufjzefUawmif;p&mrvdkbl;? (ajrMuD;udk ajceJYaqmifheif;p&m rvdkbl;)
12

pD;qif;aerIu igwdkYtwGuf rdef;r/(vl) wpfa,mufvdkyJ/
vdkufavsmwwfw,f? wGef;xdk;wwfw,f?
pdwfxJrSm tJ'g[m tDEGJU ajymif;qef aewJh wa,mo@ef eJY bD;vHk; wpfck vdrfh cg vdrfhum /
olYMudK;awG Mum;rSm wnfaxmifqJ ZD0 awG wGef;wdkufaeMur,f
'gudk ig [m rodbl;?
[kwfw,f? ig [m bmudkrS rodcsifwmMumjyD wJh?
oljyefajymjyw,f? t&rf;udkMumjyDwJh/
tdrfvnf; &dSw,f? b,frSmrSef;vnf; odw,f? vrf;vnf;odw,f?
'gayrJh vrf;r&dSbl;?
vGwfvyf csifayrJh t"dyg,fudkaocsmrodbl;?
ckeuigajymcJhovdk?
pDqif;rIu vdkufavsmwwfw,f? vdkcsifwm &zdkY aumif;uifudk vufjzefUawmif;p&mrvdkbl;?
vufxJrSm wa,mwpfvuf?
olYMudK;awGMum;rSm ol xdkifapmifhaer,f?
[kwfygw,f? wpfaeYaygh / / /
vif;eDndK
13
&dyfceJ pwefUxGifjcif;
uav;i,fwpfa,muf yx0DajrMuD;ay:? pjyD;? ajccsEdkifwJhaeY?
rD;udk pwifawGU&dSolu olYudk,fol t&Sifocif wJh?
yifhwif wGef;xkwfwJh avtm; &JU t&dSKuftwGif;rSm ryDro at;oufwJh ]t} oH?
qGJqGJiifiiftlaewJh n 11 em&D cGJ [m tckxd vufz0g;ESpfzufMum;rSm
wkef,ifjyD; taMumufrajyao;bl;/
ae qdkwm r&dSawmhwJh tcsdefusrS (ig [m) yxr? 'kwd,? wwd, udk pwifa&wGufrSmyg? ( )
armhMunfhaeol&JU rsufvHk;xJrSm iHkYMunfhaeol&JU rsufESmyHk&dyfawG xif[yfaew,f?
rxm;oifhwJh t&mxJu *kPm udk ig MunfndKoGm;rdw,f?
roGm;oifhwJh c&D;rSm jzwfvrf;(qdkwm(vHk;0))r&dSbl;?
'gayrJh ]]t&Sifrif;jrwf uRefawmfhudk aea&mifumxm;wmomz,fay;yg}}
aumif;uifawGxJuwpfck? ajrMuD;awGxJuwpfckMum;rSm ig tdyfrufw,f/
tawGUtMuHKeJY(tawGUawGeJYMuHKcJhwkef;u)
rSm;cJhwkef;&cJhwJh trm&GwfawG (txyfvkduf) a&cJaowmay:rSm / /
rif;odyfrSm;w,f wJh?
odyfrrsm;ao;cifvnf;?
jyefvSnfh zdkY qkwfjzJ cH&w,f? (qkwfjzJvdkufw,f)
1. a = b,fbufuajymawmh ig pvSKyfcwfvmjyDwJh /
2. b = zdkifber atmhyftics awG MudK;aMuukefw,f (a'wm rqefUvdkYwJh nnf;wGm;ao;w,f)
/
3. c = ckcHtm;usqif;wJh(yHkpHrsdK;)
rsufESmwpfpHkydkifvmw,f /
4. d = cifAsm; r[mMudK;rQif oD0&D udk Mum;zl;vm;rodbl; /
5. e = aooGm;&if rykyfbl;/ (rusefawmhbl;)
6. f = ]]yHk;zmarSmufqif}}
7. yHk;zmarSmufqif= &dSorQESifh vSatmif
tpGrf;ukefjyifqifonf (tuRefwdkYv,faumufpdkufwkef;u - [efcsif; - ukef;abmifacwf)/
8. g = dk;tD rkef;cg;vmw,f/
tdyfw,f? pm;w,f? edk;wJhtcsdef rsufawmifwpfcsdefvHk;cwfw,f?
aumif;aomnyg vdkY ajymcHxdjyD; rsufvHk;[m pdrf;ayrJh &ifemw,f?
14
ESif;jrLawG rusayrJh aqmif;wGif;rSm udk,fydkif&dSw,f?

aqmif;wGif;r[kwfayrJh ESif;awGusae&ifawmh'g ]]vmbfpm;rIyJ}} ? [; [; [; ([; = [m;)
udk,fwdkif rwD;wwfayrJh olYtwGuf atmhESvHk;emw,f? (bmudkvJqdkwm b,frSmusefcJhjyDvJ)
]][kwfuJhygcifAsm? olu non-digital Adkif;&yf zGHGUjzdK;rI tvkyfrIaqmif OD;??? jzpfygw,f }}
ausmufeH&HawGrSm toHawG pdrf;&Tif&Tif nDSatmhatmh wyfqifxm;Mu?
]] ckwfxpfvkyfMuHxm;aom/ um;[Gef;wD;oH }} ighudk ay;pGrf;Edkifwm
tjrD;uaeacgif;xdavmifuRrf;rI ? (usuf&mpm; 0g'D? tpdrf;pm;? t0gpm;)
vGifharsmrI r[kwfbl;? ydk*&rf 'DZdkif; r[kwfbl;? olYqDrSm avUusifhrI tcsdefumv Mumjrifhw,f?
yHkESdyfrSwfwrf;wifcHxm;&&if cifAsm;&JU toHk;usrI? rusrI awG[m . . . (2 _ESpf) jzpfukefa&maygh /
]]oifh aoG; wpfem&D rSm b,fESpfrdkifEIef;eJY pD;qif;aevJ}}
aomhayguftdkwpfvHk;xJu jzwfoef;xGufusvmwJh
tarSmifjydKjydKawG/
]]t&rf;apmygao;w,f ightpfudk}}
cH,lcsufudk ykvif;xJxnfhxm;vdkY (&csif) (&&if) &r,f/ (&cJh&if . . . &csif&vdrfhr,f)
rdk;vif; tkef;armif;acgufoHeJYtwl?
aexGufzdkYu? xHk;pHawGudk rwGef;vSefEdkifo tkPf qdkwm &ifbwfxJrSm yJ tMudrfMudrf zl;yGifhcJh&?
vkyfMuHolawG acsmif;ajrmif;aerSmyJ? (acsmif;awG? ajrmif;awGxJrSmvm;? rod)
'gayrJh t&ifeJYawmh rwlawmhygbl;?
(t&ifonf twdwf? twdwfeJY rwlwJh t&mwdkif; topfvm;? rod)
wefzdk;txm;qHk;t&m owfrSwfrI ajymif;vJvmcJhwJhaemuf?
(bmudkqdkvdkvdkufrSef;? rod)
]] igvdrfcJhw,f? ighudk,Hkyg}}
]]ig,Hkwwfw,f? ighudkvdrfyg}}
&,f&awmh ? &,fMuw,f? vnfyif;qDu ? twGif;qDu? [dk;qDu?
'g trSefuefqHk;?
'g trSm;,Gif;qHk;?
'g trSmef; -Gif; qHk;?
'g ? 'g? . . . ('g'g r[kwf)
....
avmuMuD;[m 'pf*spfw,fr[kwfbl;? ra&&mrIudk olvufcHw,f? (xifcsifw,f)
tcGifhta&;vnf; r&dSbl;? aemufqHk;vnf;jzpfw,f? cifAsm; ae&dyfxJrSm (cdk;)aeaewmMumjyD? (xifMuw,f)

15
cifAsm; tdrfrSm tqifajyvm;? rD;rSefvm;? tvkyfrSm qufqHa&;aumif;vm;?
(ar;cGef;udkar;cGef;ESifhjyefajzjcif;onf usef;rma&;udk qdk;&Gm;pGm . . . .)
a&pD; u cifAsm;udk wpf0ufavmuf ac:oGm;rSmyg? (xifoifhw,f)
tdyfcsifvdkY igtdyfwdkif;
a / (aighawmhawmh ra&r&meJY) /
toH0gMuD;eJYajymwJhpum;oHawG Mum;ae&? wpfenf;
pum;0g awG ysHUvGifhaeMu/
. . . .? . . . .? pojzifhawG&J ht"dyg,fqdkwm {&mr pm;yGJ MuD; wpfvHk;aygh/
(tajccdkif&J hvm;rareJY? olwdkYrMudKufMubl;)
bmeJYajym&rSef;awmifrodatmifudk atmufusaemufuseJY ydwfrdaecJhwm [dkaeYurSodw,f /
'gayrJh . . .
pum;vHk;awG f / /
(]]'guawmh rif;uJwmyJ ighudkMunfh b,fvdkvkyfoGm;cJhvJ}} ) - todwpfa,muf
'gayrJh (wpfcgaomwpfavmrSm) (trSdKuf0if trSdKufxGuf) (tJ'g uGefjyLwmyJ)
(r[kwfbl;) (tJ'g uGefjyLwm tvkyfvkyfyHk) ('geJY aqmhzftultnDeJY a&;vdkY&rSmvm;)
(uAsm vm;) (Linkin Park u oDcsif; yJ qdkr,fxifxm;wm ? uAsm vnf; a&;w,fawmh)
(r[kwfbl;av . . .)
(a&cJwkef;xJu aumifav;wpfaumifxGufvmw,f) (tJ'g umwGef;um;yg)
(r,Hkygbl; udkudk vlvdrfMuD;) (tzdk;tdrfrSm aMumifvdrfavSum;&dSwmudk;)
(aMumifvdrfavSum;&dSwJhae&mrSm tzdk;tdrfudk aqmufxm;wmvm;) (uRefawmfb,fodrvJ q&m)
(rqdk;bl; orD;wdk;wufvmjyD) (qdk;w,f? rwdk;wufvmbl;)
(rwkd;wufvmwJh t&mwdkif;qdk;w,f rSwfxm;MuuGJU) - vrf;xdyfu tl;tbdk;MuD;
kwfceJ? kwfcsif;? kwfjcnf;? kwfw&uf?
ajymif;vJrIawGeJY aygif;oif;vmwm MumcJhwJhaemuf
tvif;? rsufESm? pum;vHk;? olYpdwf? qdkwmawG udk
g
/ / /
vif;eDndK
16
n\tv,fydkif;udk A[dkjyKaom . . .
oGm;wdkufaq;udk aocsmnpfxkwfvdkufw,f? aumfzDwpfcGuf? pmwpfydk'feJYtwl rsufvHk; wpf0dkuf
tndKtrnf;awG wdk;yGm;vmw,f? tJ'gawG ig cHkrifvmw,f?
jcaoFhwpfaumif odk;i,fwpfaumif&JU aojcif;tay: xm;wJh pdwfvdkaygh/
wjznf;jznf;eJY igh jywif;aygufwpfcsyfyGifhvmw,f? igawGUae&wmawG? jrifae&wmawG?
jrpfwpfpif;udk A[dkjyKjyD;awmh emusnf;rIawGu wnfaxmifvdkufawmh xGef;um;vmMuw,ff?
(wdk;wdk;av; ar;MunfhMunfh ]bmawGvJ} )
oihfudk,foif naecif;wpfckvdkY cHpm;Munfhvdkufyg?
aysmf0ifvmwJh t&mawG? arhcsifwkdif; arhxm;MuwJh tjzpftysufawG ajymif;csifwkdif;ajymif;oGm;Muw,f?
odyfcufw,f? odyfvG,fw,f? 'DvdkygyJ? igh tay:trsm;MuD;rlwnf ygw,f wJh? (ig = oif)
vlwpfa,muftdyfaysmfoGm;cgeD; jrpfawG pD;qif;aeMu? jrpfawG igh tay:taMuG;wpfckwifoGm;w,fvdkY
owfrSwfvdkufw,f?
cufawmhvnf; cufvmMujyD?
ysufawmhrJh em&DwpfvHk; udk,faorJh tcsdefudk udk,frwGufcsufEdkifbl;?
cHpm;&w,f? idk&w,f? jyD;awmh &,fvnf;&,f &w,f? xyfjyD;awmh &,fvnf; &,fMuw,f?
(rSwfOmPf&JU ajy;EIef;) t&dSefaMumifh jrifuGif;awG ajymif;vdkuf? rjrifvdkufjzpfaew,f?
'gudk igh &JU taMuG;pm&if;xJrSm xnfhcsKyfxm;w,f/ jyD;awmh igh taMuG;pm&if;udk jrpfwpfpif;xJ
vTifhcsvdkuf?
jyefvSnfhrMunfheJY oif om naecif;wpfckyDocJhr,fqdk&if idkomcsvdkuf/
tqdk;&Gm;qHk; tajctaeqdkwm igh qDrSm r&dSbl;xifw,f? a&SUrSm aeYawG twdkif;om;eJY ?
qdk;&Gm;wJh aeY&uftaMumif; yef;csD um;wpfcsyfudk bmaq;eJYqGJrSmvJ?
oifudk,foif at'D 1&00 u yef;csDum;wpfcsyfvdkY cHpm;Munfhvdkufyg/
oif[m yef;csDum;wpfcsyfyDocJhr,fqdk&if oif[m uif;Awfr[kwfbl;? qdk;&Gm;wJh cHpm;csufyJ/
[kwfw,f? &xm;wpfpif;nwdkif; jzwfarmif;oGm;wdkif; ai;wkdif; oifh tMuHtpnfawG
taMumif;awG;rdaecJhw,f?
oif[m bk&m;rJh wpfa,mufvm;? wa,mynm&Sifwpfa,mufvm;? rsufESm udk vmxdk;ESufwJh av vm;?
EdSK;&cufwdkif; tdyfcsifa,mifaqmif wm r[kwfrSef; ig odvmovdkaygh?
17
oif [m ig; wpfaumif&JU jyu'defxJu r&if;ESD;ao;wJh tm;vyf&uf&Snfwpfckvdk

arh&aysmuf&cufwJh t&mawG udk ig eJY vmaqG;aEG;Edkifw,f?
aomufcJhzl;wJh bD,m wpfcGufudk a0'em wpfcktjzpfom rSwfrdawmhovdk? nv,facgifrSm 'l;awGwkefjyD;
rsufvHk;awG rSmyJ jyefvSnfhjyD;jyefvmMuolawGUzl;ovdkaygh/
vlao wpfa,mufvdk tom;a&awG jrdKUjy&JU ,Ofaus;rIudk raxmufyHUEdkifawmhbl;?
ig? tkwfeDcJ eD;yg; jzpfoGm;cJhw,f? olwdkY[m rMudKqdkbl;? rarmif;xkwfbl;?
xdkYtwl rat;pufbl;? raEG;axG;bl;?
olwkdU[m olwdkY&JU jzpfrIawG tay:rSmawmif arhavsmhxm;vdkY
xkwfukeftopfawG twGuf rsufpdawG t&rf;us,faeMuw,f?
'g [m jrdKUMuD; jyMuD;yJ? a[m[dkrSm ESif;qDyef;cif;yJ?
oifhudk,foif ajrjyifwpfckvdkY cHpm;Munfhvdkufyg/
onf;cHEdkifpGrf;wdk;vm&ifvnf;? oif [m ajrjyifyJ/
acwfawG z,fjyD; ordkif;a&;r,f? igwdkY awG;MunfhMur,f?
awG;vdkYr&&if? a&cJaowmxJu yef;oD;tdktdk wpfvHk;vdk at;puf ydefwG rIawGudk qufjyD; cHkrifr,f?
]]aumif;aom reufcif;yg rpwm . . .}}
tdyf&muEdk;wdkif; tdyfrufawGudk rauseyfbl;? olxif&mvkyfaewm vlY avmu wifr[kwfbl;? trsm;MuD;yJ?
awmifjymwef; u pdrf;vJhaewJh prf;acsmif;awG toGifajymif;w,f? jyD;awmh igh qDysHoef;vmjyD;
a&S;acwfppfonfawG vdk vrf;xJ xyf0ifvmMuw,f?
jzefUusufjyD;cif;xm;wJh aeylyl aeYvnfcif;u tom;ay;xm;wJh t&mawGudkomt&ifvkyfygwJh?
wkdufMuD;wpfckvHk;[m wkef,ifjyD; 'DZifbm u ae ajy;xGufw,f?
&moDtvdkufyef;awG ryGifhwmvnf; igh toufavmuf&dSjyD?
rSm;,Gif;rIawGMum; rsufESmawG ysuf,Gif;jyD; qufqHae&wJh cifrifrIawGudkvnf;
ig wpfaeY awmh qufquf arhzsufypf&OD;rSmygyJ/
idkwmr[kwfbl;/
odcGifh ay;wm/
oifhudk,foif olwdkY vdkY cHpm;Munfhvdkufyg/
oifodyfcufvmvdrfhr,f/ 'g[m vlawGyJ/ oifodvm;/ b,folodvJ/
ig odvm;/ rodbl; vdkY xm;vkdU &csif&r,f/ 'gayrJh tarSmifxk[m vufwpfurf;rSm a&GUvsm;aejyD?
18

vSrf;arQmfrMunfheJY? rausmfEdkifwJh tcuftcJqdkwm tem*wfrSmyJ &dSw,f?
a[m[dkrSm bmoma&;udkif;&dSKif;olawG? a[m[dkrSm qifzdkeD wpfyk'f? a[m[dkrSm vli,fawG?
vrf;csdK;wdkif; vrf;csdK;wdkif;rSm acsmufurf;yg;u pdwf&SnfvGef;pGmeJY xkdifapmifhaew,f/
oifhudk,foif ed*Hk;wpfck vdkY cHpm;Munfhvkdufyg/
aysmfEdkifrSmvm;? jyZmwfawGudkvGrf;OD;rvm;? vGrf;apwDudk owd&rvm;?
oifhqDrSm ig aysmf0ifoGm;vdkufr,f? wu,fvkdU oifom ed*Hk;wpfckyDocJhr,f qdk&if ?
tpudk rrkef;eJYav/
oifeJY uyfvsuf u t&mawGudk iJhMunfhvkduf/
aq;qdkifawG wkef,ifjyD; zsm;em; aeovm;?
oifudk,fwkdif ESmap;aeovm;?
pmpDpmdkufvkyfief;awG uae awmifwkwfyifv,ftxd us,fjyefUwJh
zsm;emjcif;udk w&m;0if ydkifqkdifw,f/
wjznf;jznf;eJY ighjywif;aygufvnf; ausmufeH&HMuD;wpfcsyfjzpfoGm;w,f?
Avm?
r[kwfbl;?
ausmufeH&H?
oGm;wdkufaq;? aumfzD? 'DaeYowif;pm? . . . .
ig wdkY udk ol t&rf;vdktyfw,f wJh
oifudk,foif ? ightaMumif;awG od &if yg;pyf tus,fMuD;[? rsufvHk;MuD; jyL;jyD;
atmfajym?
a[m[dkem;u tdyf&m xJrSm? Oyrm - olYpMu0|meJYol&dSw,f? olaeYeJYolaew,f?
oifyJta&;MuD;w,f? ighvdkaygh / / /
vif;eDndK
19
20

tckawmh arhwwfwJh ESif;qD wpfyGifh&J h pum;udk ighrSm udk;uG,f,Hkpm; vdkY . . .
tif;aygh tJJhvdk jzpfcsifjzpfrSmaygh

xyfrSm; jyefjyD? ( igvnf; jyefjyD)
'DvkdrSef;od&if?
tpuwnf;u? rSefzdkYr&nf&G,fcJhygbl;/
avmuMuD;udk ysuf&,fjyKowJh? (rwefr&m)
aeYvnfh jrdKUxJrSm? pD;u&ufESpfAl;0,fw,f?
jyD;awmh oleJYawGUw,f?
(wpfoufvHk;aomufcJhwJh) aq;vdyfawGawmifolYavmuf vl udk rxdckdufapbl;/
rkom;eJYawmh ewfjynfrSmawmif toufr&Sifcsifygbl;? ( Mum;zl;w,f)
&SifaewJh wapwpfaumif[m? r&dSawmh whJ ewfbk&m;awGxuf ydkt"dyg,f&dSygw,f wJh/ (zwfzl;w,f)
qHyifawGvnf; &Snfvmvdkufwm? (ola&m iga&m)? rsufvHk;awG vnf; a0vmvdkufwm?
aMomf . . . ajymraeygeJYawmh/
pHy,fwpfyGifh ajrrSm jyefvnfyGifhvef;vmwmudk
zl;arQmfcGifh&vkdufw,fav/
]]ol rrSm;ygbl;? ighom;}} wJh?

nu tdyfruf xJ rSm zefqif;&Sifuajymw,f?
uwfuwfvefatmif &efrjzpfwwfayrJh?
zefqif;&Sifudk jyefawmhvnf; ajymrdvkdufw,f?
]]uRefawmua&m olrSm;w,fvdkY ajymaevdkYvm;}} vdkY/
(tdyfrufqdkwm 'DvdkygyJ taumif;jrifwwfavh&dSw,f)
zefqif;&Sif jyKH;w,f? ig vnf jyKH;w,f?
odyfaysmfzdkYaumif;wmyJ?
tdyfrufxJrSmaygh/
ydawmufawG vSdKifvSdKifyGifhwJh wefcl;vvnf;ra&mufao;ygbl;?
ightay:ajrawGoGefcszHk;ypfrJh igh psmye vnf; r[kwfao;ygbl;?
oufjyif;oufr awGeJY aqmif;&moDvnf; rukefao;ygbl;?
'gayrJh pdwfawmhvnf; ukefcrf;vmw,f/
zefqif;&Sif uajymw,f/
]]ighom;? rif;u ydkvdkYawmifrrSm;ao;w,f}} wJh / / /
reufuab;tdrfu vlawGajymif;oGm;Muw,f? naeyJ vlopfawG ajymif;vmMuw,f?

igh ab;tdrfvnf; olYvdkyJ cufvSygyaum/
vif;eDndK
vrf;ay:rSm? aumif;uifrSm? pdwfxJrSm?
wdrfawG? wdrfawG? wdrfawG?
aEGavawG? aEGavawG? aEGavawG?
tm;rem yg;rem vGifhaevdkufMuwm/
aMomf . . . olYpdwfom aEGavavmuf? wdrfavmufyJ wnfjidrfOD;awmh
ig aysmfaysmfMuD; aoEdkifyg&J h/
21
za,mif;wdkif xGef;xm;wJh *g0ef

uRefawmfwdkYqdkifu um;apmifhwJhae&m/
odyHkyf&SifawG pdwful;,OfovdkrsdK;?
pdwfrESHolawG wdkufay:u ckefcsovdkrsdK;?
yg;vs aysmhtd aewJh n0wftus0wfxm;wJh rdef;uav;vdkrsdK;?
]]acgif;udkufjcif;udk tjrefqHk; oufomaysmufuif;aponf}}
a&Taps;usw,f? um;aps;aysmhw,f? yJpif;iHkpdkufw,f/
vmrJh ckepf&ufaeYrSm ynma&;aqG;aEG;yGJvkyfr,f/
aA'ifq&muajymawmh a&oefUvSLygwJh/
um;awGrqifrjcifarmif;Muovdk vli,fawG attdkif'Dtufpf jzpfMuw,f/
]]tckwavm tmrcHjcif;a&Smifyg}}
qHyif&Snf&SnfeJY *syef0efMuD;csKyf udk t&rf;owd&w,f/
&yfyg csrf;at;0if; u uav;eJYwJh?
'gqdk vlMuD;eJYr[kwfbl;vm; (olY[mol[kwfcsif[kwfrSmaygh)
[dkem;utzGm;MuD;u aocgeD;awmif w&m;rxkdifyJ (jidrfjidrfraeyJ) taoqJwkef;?
'DaeY ausmif;roGm;bl;/
c&D;p&dwf wpfq,favmuf ukefusr,f?
babmFoD; rsm;rsm;pm;Muyg/ (a&Tz,HkoD;vnf;jzpfw,fwJh)
b*Fvm;yifv,fatmf tajctae ???
&moDOwkudkajymwmvm;? av;jzL &JU oDcsif;acG&J h atmifjrifrIudkajymwmvm;/
rif;&JausmfpGmeJY v*Gef;tdrf csMuw,f/
raeYu *drf;xJrSm vlawGpdwfMudKufvdkufowfw,f/
aoG;awGjzmceJ? jzmceJ/ armfeDwmysufoGm;w,f/
[dk;wpfaeYu tifwmeufay:rSm rD;rvmbl;/ (r,HkMubl;)
trlt&mudku rkefUMuGyf vdkvdk/ ( uRwfqwfqwfeJY? But, 0g;pm;vdkY&rSef;odvm;)
vljrifuGif;rSm yg;csMuw,f/ cHkeJYdkufw,f/
pufkyfawG tvHktavmufr&dSwm b,folrS rodbl;/
rD;awmifawG tvHktavmufr&dSwm b,folrS rodbl;/
&S,fvDu a*:'Gif om;ruf? tdrfab;u udkrsdK;0if;u vlysdKMuD;/
csDvD qdkwJhEdkifiH (pydefawGqDu) vmvD*gzvm;r&ayrJh vGwfvyfa&;&oGm;w,f/
22
]]rif;udkudk,fh uGefjyLwm xuf ydkcspfw,fvdkYawmif wpfcgwpfcg xifrdao;w,f? bk&m; bk&m;}}

pdefwpfvHk; o&ufyif&dSw,f? um;&dSw,f? rD;jcpf&dSw,f? cJwH&dSw,f? ausmif;om;u'f&dSw,f?
&nfpm;ta[mif;awG jyefawGUawmh erf;cJhzl;wJhudk,fhEIwfcrf;awmif udk,fudkufjzwfvdkufcsifw,f/
(awmfao;w,f vifr,m;ta[mif;awG jyefrawGUvdkY)
'' The blood of the innocent I have spread with no remorse' '(The Father
of Lies, Whitechapel)
reufu?
ydefw,f? t&yfjrifhw,f? tom;jzLw,f? wcg;awG *sdrf;ceJjrnfatmifzGifhMuw,f/
pmMunfhwdkuf ao;ao;av;rSm uGefjyLwm u tMuD;MuD;/
aMu;eDa&mif? aMu;0ga&mif? aemufawmh aMu; jzpf&ifjyD;a&m/ a&Tawmhra&mapeJY/ (rD;aMumufw,f)
t&ifwkef;uawmh wkefaeatmifcspfw,f/ tck ig; jzpfoGm;jyD/
Adkufqmwdkif; *pfwmwD;ae&if qvuf&Sf udkrSDEdkifaumif;ygw,f/
" Thou, art, mere, . . .?? !!!!!!!!! ''
Bypass wJh? teDay:tjzLxyfxm;w,f/
AD,rferf pm;aomufqdkif zGifhxm;wJh k&Sm;awG/
zdvpfydkif dk;&m t0wftxnfa&mif;wJh tar&duefawG/
tHpmwHk;wpfwHk;rSm *Pef;wpfck &J havxJajrSmufwifvdkufwJhtcg jzpfwnfrI? jzpfwefpGrf;?
ocsmF qdkif&m r&if;ESD; rI rsm;? ocsmF qdkif&m t&if;tESD; rsm;?
nrsm; Munfvif wJh aEGudk,fyGm;/
Adkufa[mif;avmif; rSefxJrSm urmMuD; ysufpD;rJh aeeJY ywfoufjyD;
oabmxm;awG cGrf;ceJ uGJMu?
Close my eyes to see the changes widely!!!!!!!!
Crispy noodles detonated unexpectedly!!!
r*Zif;uarSmuf&ufom;/
bwfpfum;wpfpif;jzwfMudwfcHxdoGm;ovdk?
vufndSK;xdyfu aoG;ajcOaew,f / / /
vif;eDndK

23
rif;vdkvlpm;trsm;MuD;a[h
aeaumif;wkef;u [dkaumifh rsufESm udk
zdeyfeJYaqmifhuefvdkufwmudk tck owd&w,f/
udk,fhacgif;udk,f wkwfeJYkdufMunfhvdkufyg/
jzmxGufvmwJh aoG;awG ? ]bD} aoG;wJh?
arQmfvifhxm;vdkYr&wJh t&mawGxJrSm ]bD} aoG;?
]bD} aoG;qdkawmh ]at} aoG;awG ajymif;jyefpD;aeovdkvm;?
bmqdkifvdkYvJvdkY aq;ynme,fy,fu bJ awG ajymMur,f/
r,Hk&ifvmMunfh/ ighvufaumuf0wfrSm aoG;awG ajymif;jyefpD;aew,f/
]][m; [m; [m;}}
tqD jyefw,f/ tqD vmw,f/ ylw,f/ tdkufw,f/ avrwdkufbl;/ aocgeD;jyD/
q&m0efr acsmacsmav; a&mufvmjyD; ajymw,f/
]]&SifaojyD}} wJh/
kwfw&uf rwfwyf&yfjyvdkufw,f/ b,folrS rjrifbl;/
kwfw&uf atmf[pfvdkufw,f/ b,folrS rMum;bl;/
jrdKUxJavQmufoGm;w,f/ ql;avrSm em&Djyifw,f? aejynfawmf rSm kyf&SifMunfhw,f/
yef;qdk;wef;rSm pmtkyfarTw,f/ jyD;awmh ql;avrSm em&DaemufwpfvHk;xyfjyif&if;eJY rdk;csKyfoGm;awmh
rl;vJoGm;w,f/ b,folrS rxlbl;/ udk,fhbmomudk,f ukwfuuf x jyD; "gwfrD;wdkifwpfckatmufrSm
uAsmxkdifzwfw,f/ reufa&mufawmh vrf;rD;awG rvif;awmhbl;/ uAsmwpfyk'fawmif rjyD;ao;bl;/
vrf;rSm &dSaewJh tkwfcJudk avSvkyfjyD; pD;csifw,f/ wpfcsdKUvlawG wpfa,mufudk
wpfa,mufavSvkyfpD;wmawGUzl;w,f/ tkwfcJudk vrf;xJypfxnfh avSvkyfjyD; &GufvGifhvmvdkufw,f/
avuw[l;[l;eJY?
ukefaps;wef;rSm um;apmifhaewJh vlawGudk vufvSrf;jyvkdufw,f?
]]a[;}}
vSnf;wef;rSm um;apmifhaewJh vlawGudk vufvSrf;jyvkdufw,f/
]]a[;}}
Adkufqmvmw,f/ iSufESpfaumifavmuf uifpm;aevdkufw,f/
24
owd&jyD; vSrf;Munfhawmh t0wfawGvSrf;xm;wJh wdkufawG?
ightaMumif;Mum;&if tm;vHk; pOf;pm;MunfhMu? bmrSr[kwfbl;? 'gayrJh . . . ? bmrSr[kwfbl;?
o&JawG crf;ajcmufvmMuovdk avmuMuD;u tppftrSef aMumufp&mawGeJYcsnf;/
cef;pD; vkdufumMudK;udk tomav; qGJwifvdkufw,f?
igpD;vmwJh tkwfcJ u yifv,ful;oabFmMuD; eJY wlwlyJ/
rmvdefrI;udk trdefUay;vdkufw,f? pmzdkrI;udk trdefUay;vdkufw,f? oabFmom;awGudk trdefUay;vdkufw,f/
[dkbufem;u uRef;rSm pufkyfwpfaumif vufjyaew,f?
oGm;u,fMu/ oGm;u,fMu/
a&mufvmawmh pufkyfu aoaejyD;/ 'geJY 'Daumifh qDu rlvD awGjzKwfjyD; igh zdeyfrSm wyfxm;vkdufw,f/
wpfcsdKUu 'DaumifhqDu oHvdkufawG ,ljyD; rsufESmrSmwyfvkdufMuw,f/ (rsufESmvdkufwwfoGm;Muw,f)
jyD;awmh uefcsvdkufw,f/
ajreDukef; rSwfwdkifrSm um;apmifhaewJh vlawGudk vufvSrf;jyw,f/
]]a[;}}
rdkufceJ/ vJrus/ zdeyfrSm u rlvDawGeJY/
rsdK;dk;ADZ tajymif;tvJ jrefwJh ow0gqef;awGudk vnf;awGUae&w,f/
rsufpdeJYMunfhawmh rsufpdusdef;w,f/ em;eJYem;axmifawmh em;jiD;w,f/
cef;pD;vdkufumMudK;udk tomav;jyefcsvdkufw,f/
udk,fhckwifrSm udk,fjyeftdyfaevdkufw,f/
q&m0efracsmacsmav;eJY pufkyfwpfaumifa&mufvmw,f?
pufkyfudk xyfuefcsvdkufw,f/ q&m0efrav; b,folYudkajymrSef;rodyJ a&&Gwfw,f/
]]aMomf . . . &Sifraobl;udk;}}
pufkyftckrS wu,faooGm;w,f/
olY ESvHk;om;ukd q&m0efrav; eJY ae&mvJrvdkY q&m0efrav; udk ckwifrSmay;tdyfvkdufw,f/
jyD;awmh cGJpdwfcef;oHk;"g;eJY &ifbwfudk cGJcsvdkufw,f/
txJrSm vlwpfa,mufxdkifjyD; idkaew,f/ aocsmMunfhawmh arsmufwpfaumifjzpfaew,f/
aocsmxyfMunfhawmh abmvfyifwpfacsmif;jzpfaew,f/ rxl;bl;qdkjyD; 0ifoGm;vkdufw,f/
aoG;eHUawmh nDw,f/ udk,fwkdifu cEmaA' ruRrf;awmh oGm;&wm c&D;rwGifbl; jzpfaew,f/
ckeu abmvfyifudk ,l jyD; olYaoG;rSm ]]bD}} vdkYa&;ay;vdkufw,f/
25
tjyifjyefa&mufawmh rdk;csKyfaejyD/
awmfao;w,f/ zdeyf&dSao;vdkY/
cPaewmh aq;ppfcsufudk ewfpfr kyfqdk;qdk; wpfa,mufvmydkYw,f?
bmvJawmh rodbl;? &dS&rSmu 80 0ef;usif? wu,f&dSaewmu 90909?
&,f&w,f/
90909 udkzkef;ac:Munfhvkdufw,f/
vlwpfa,mufvmudkifw,f/ rSwfrdvkdufw,f/ yef;qdk;wef;rSm pmtkyfta[mif;a&mif;wJhol/
]]rif;tkwfcJudk vmqif ,loGm;jyD}}
cef;pD; vdkufumudk enf;enf;av; [jyD; Munfhvdkufw,f/
aEGOD;rdkYvdkUxifw,f/ aea&mifu jzmceJYsaew,f/ opf&GufawGu vSvSyy uav; vGifhaew,f/
taemufu wpfpHkwpfa,muf vmjyD; odkif;zufw,f/
vSnfhMunfhvdkufawmh q&m0efr acsmacsmav;jzpfaew,f/
avu t&rf;wdkufawmh oabFm ukef;ywfay:u qif;vdkufw,f/
atmufa&mufawmh ql;avrSm &cdkifrkefUwD twlpm;w,f/
bwfpfum; py,f,m u [dk pufkyfjzpfaew,f/
aeaumif;wkef;u ausmif;aygif;pHk abmvHk;yGJ zdkife,frSm
teDuwf jycHxdwm udk tck owd&w,f / / /
vif;eDndK
26
zefqif;&Sifudk &efolra&G;ckdif;eJY
wDxGifcsuf trSwf (235)
ydkufqHawGu vkdtyfovdk
pm&GufawGtpm; toHk;cszdkYjzpfw,f/
wDxGifcsuf trSwf(234) /
aysmfyGJ&GifyGJawGeJYausmif;wkef;u
avxD;ryGifhwJhvlwpfa,muf&JUcHpm;csuf
onf r&dSrjzpf tdrfpmwpfyk'fjzpfonf/
teufa&miftjynfhjznfhxm;wJh puf0dkif;rSm
pOD; vlom;awG puefUig;q,favmufom MumcJhw,f/
uifqmr[kwfaom pdwf'Pf&may;cJhwkef;u
rif;wdkYtdrfrSm vnf; rdk;&Gmovdk? igwdkYqDrSmvnf; rdk;onf;aeygw,f/ . . . uG,f/
tonf;udk / ighta&jym;udkqkwfcGmjyD;uspfvdkY&wJh MudK;eJY csnfxm;vdkufr,f/
udk,fhudkukd,f rumuG,fEdkifoawmh paeaeYonf rl;,pfjcif; vrf;r/
rif; ighudk ajymajymjyaewJh taumif[m wu,fawmh
aemufusdusd um;rSefxJuxyfydk;jyD;om &,f'Drdwfaumif/
usifhom;&vmwJh rsufvHk;u rjrifcsifa,mifaqmifwwfvmw,f/ (tvG,fwulyJ)
ZmwfemcJhcsifwmvm; rodayrJh? igodyfcspfcJhwmaygh? (bmawGrSef;)
xm;ypfcJhjcif;[m tufaMumif;xyfaewJh taMumif;t&mwpfckaMumifhyJ/
'DvdkeJY . . . rif; . . . aumufaumufygoGm;cJhw,f/
tufaMumif;xyfaewJh Zmwfvrf;twkdif; . . . /
ighrSm aumif;uifr&dSyg/
xyfjyD;ajymrnf/
aumif;uifay:wGif ig r&dSyg/
tckrSawmh rif;[dkaumifudk atmfqJaevnf; urmMuD;u pkwfoyfae&Hkuae
kef;rxGufEdkifcJh/ 'gayrJh rif;atmfqJcJhw,f/
&Sif[m vl,kwfrmyJ/ &Sif[m vdiftom;ay; ow0g yJ/
&Sif[m wd&dpmefavmufawmif . . .

27
ajrurmwkef;[D;pOfu qdkcJhwJh aw;oHawG jyef&GwfraeeJYawmh . . . nDr/

&Sif em;vnfxm;wJh em;vnfrIqdkwm . . . /
&Sifem;rvnfwmawGxJrSm em;vnfrI vnf;ygwmaygh/
rSm;jyD;a&;wJh tufaq;wpfyk'frSm rjzpfjzpfatmifvkyfMuHxm;wJh
xl;qef;rIawG A&yG eJY/
vkyfom;awG atmfMu[pfMuwJh toHawG
oDcsif;xJrSm xnfha&;csifw,f/
jrdKUi,fawG jzwfoef;rI aemufrSm trdaumif;uif[m
wdrftvDvDx jrif;uGif;awG rIefrGvdkY/
ukA ESpfrkdif&dSwJh wdrfawmifawGu
vlom;&JUrdwfaqGr[kwfbl;/
&mZukrm&f ausmufpmvdk a&;xm;wJh
tpDt&ifcHpm/
aeYeJrD; r&dSwJhaemuf rsufvHk;awGydwfxm;vdkufwmu
tdyfa&;0OD;r,f/
rydkifcJhwJh qdkif rIudk vufrSwfxdk;pGefUvGwfapw,fwJh/
(tonf;emvGef;vdkY) rdkqdkvDeD jyHK; jyHK;vdkufr,f/
trSm;rcHEdkifrSef;odovdkvdk&dScJhvsufeJY . . .
puLwpfckrSmrsOf;ESpfaMumif;jzpfoGm;onftxd rdkufcJhrJcJhMuwm vli,fqefqef r&ifhusufvdkufwm/
reufwdkif;qD;oGm;&if tdyfruf u ygygoGm;w,f/
xyfajymr,f/
nu rufwJh tdyfrufu reufa&mufwdkif; qD;eJYtwl avQm /
ighudk 'DZifbmxJudk 0ifcGifhjyKyg/
ighudk 0ifaygufwpfaygufudk xGufaygufwpfayguftjzpfay;Muyg/
wkef,ifrIeJYtwl acgif;twGif; udkufcJvmwm awGu
zspfnSpfvdkufawmh odrfi,foGm;w,f/
MuD;aumifMuD;rm;eJYtdkrif;vmwJha&'D,dkcJpm;csufawGudk
yJ tjypfzdkYvkdufawmhr,f/
28
&Sifb,fvdkvlpm;vJ?
&Sif u a&b0J vdk vlpm;yJ/ &SifhvufwHawGrSm rsufESmawG wyfxm;wJh vlyJ/
olYudk wcsdKUwpf0ufu rodMubl;/
trkef;udk a&jrif;wpfaumifvdk yg;pyf[apjyD;
eifhudk uefcsvdkuf&if b,fvkdaervJ/
ighrSm igh,HkMunfcsufeJY ighydkifqdkifrIeJY
igh O,smOfrSm uAsmawG oD;aeyGifhaeMuwmrsm; . . .
ajymvdkYawmifraumif;bl;/ [kwfw,f / wu,fraumif;bl;/
kyfxGufaumif;wJh tjzpftysufawGtwGuf tenf;i,fawmh
apmifhqdkif;&rSmaygh/
trSwf (233) wDxGifcsuf/
vuf&dS version 1.0 rSm rsufawmifcwfvdkuf&if
aiGoHawG xGufaewm
cGifhvTwfoifhcGifhvTwf&rSmaygh/
&Sif[m wpfukd,faumif;qefwJholyJ/
(tJ'DaumifreJYtJ'Daumif pum;ajymaewmMumjyD) ig&yfMunfhaewkef;/
&Sihf rsufvHk;xJrSm vJusoGm;wJh rdef;uav;twGufae&ma&m&dS&J hvm;/
&Sifay;cJhwJh vufaqmif[m tkyfwpfwkyf yJ/
uRefr twGuf &Sif[m . . [m uRefrrodbl;/
&SifhtwGuf uRefr[m MuGyfMuGyftdwfwpftdwfyJ/
&Sifxnfhcsifwdkif;xnfhjyD;? &Sifxnfhcsifwkdif;xnfhjyD; . . . ?
pGefUypfoGm;cJhwJh trSdKufyJ/
&Sif[m . . . /
wdkufyGJqdkwm wdkuf&Jckduf&J&dSwJh vlawGtwGufom
&dSwmr[kwfbl;/
rvGJomra&SmifomvdkY ppfovif;xJ ckefcsvdkuf&w,f/
oleJYolYom;uav;/
29
igeJYbmqdkifwkef;/
Zmwfvrf;u jyD;oGm;wm MumjyD/
{0&ufawmifudkawmif arhxm;vdkY&wJh jrLyJ/

vGifhcsif&mvGifhygap b,folrS 0rf;renf;aeygbl;/
]]om;uav;udk apmifha&Smufvdkufyg udkudk&,f/ (&Sifhom;av;r[kwfayrJh)}} wJh
uav;av;wpfa,mufeJYig/
aumif;uifudkawmif yufvufwG,fjyD; oDcsif;nnf;jyvdkufcsifw,f/
ixHkitwpfa,muf&J h OD;acgif;cHGay:rSm t0Dpdwl;Mur,f/
armfawmfum;awGxkwfaevkyfaewJhpuf&Hkwpf&HkrSm uGefjyLwmawG
w*sdrf;*sdrf; tvkyfvkyfaeyHkrsm; tHhMo&w,f/
em;uyfESpfzufyefxm;wJh vli,fwpfa,muf&J hrdk;MudK;awG
ig xkwfcsif;aygufoGm;ygayw,f/
ol oli,fwef;pwufwJhaeYwkef;uaygh?
pD;u&ufwkdawGjyefUcsifwdkif;usJaewJ ighrsuf0ef;awG ig0Sufxm;cJhw,f/
vufxJrSm uspfuspfygatmifqkwfxm;wJh olYvufu acR;p awG
ighudk,fxJpD;0if igawmif idkcsifvmrdw,f/
azaz? om; oli,fwef;(u) rSm tqifhwpf&w,f?

om;av ocsmFyHkESdyfMum;rSm a'gif;wpfaumifarG;xm;w,f/
tJ'Da'gif;av? olY tartaMumif; olom;udk idkjyD;ajymjyw,f?
ocsmFyk'fpmawG a&pdk&GJvdkY idkyGJqif Muw,f azaz/
jzpfEdkif&ifom; urmtjyifudkxGufoGm;csifw,f/
odyHenf;uspGmeJY idkcsifw,f/
tazzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz /
wpfaeYqdkwm? wpfaeYyJ?
igqdkwJhaumifvnf; aiGqdkwm (vlawmwdk;&Hk) ydkifqdkifwwfcJhjyD?
ighum;udkigarmif;? ighom;udkab;rSmwif? b0 qdkwm 'DvdkygyJ vdkY [dkajym'Dajym?
kwfceJvSrf;awGUvdkufwm [dkaumifh &J Y aumif;aom psmye?
[kwfyghrvm;?
30

[dkaumif wu,faojyD?
igroGm;bl;wJh [dkw,fawGoGm;zl;wJhaumif aojyD?
igrpD;zl;wJh um;awG pD;zl;wJhaumif aojyD?
ig cspf&wJh a&Trif;orD;av;&J U a&Trif;om;av; aojyD?
igt&rf;cspf&wJh rdef;uav;udk &ufpuf,kwfrmwJhaumif aojyD?
ighom;&JU taz aojyD?
[m; [m; [m; . . .
]remvdk} w&m;u ighem;xifudk wxdwfxdwfvmvmxdk;aewm tckrS &dyfrdw,f/
[m [m [m
tJ'g [dkaumifrS r[kwfyJ/
tJh'g tcrf;eJYtem;eJY opfyifpdkufaeMuwmyJ/
tJ'g zmdk bk&ifwpfyg; aexGuf&mt&yfudk &yfMunfhaewmyJ/
tJ'g rpfpfcsm t,fvfref &J h wa,m wifqufrIwpfckyJ/
wDxGifcsuf (132)
tm'rfeJY{0 {'if udkpGefUcGmoGm;wkef;u opfyifudkuG,fjyD;idkaewJh vlwpfa,mufudk
bk&m;ocif vlrod? olrod zefqif;cJhzl;w,f/
(b,folqdk b,folrS rodvdkufbl;)
azaz om; EdkifiHjcm;rSm ausmif;oGm;wufyg&ap/

/.../
taz om;tvkyf&jyD? taz&JU? tazudk jyefvkyfauR;vdkY&jyD?
azaz? ararh udkav azaz t&rf;cspfwmyJvm;? t&rf;owd&wmyJvm;? . . .
rif; taru b,folrsm;ygvdrfh om;&,f? 'geJY tazua&m b,folrsm;ygvdrfh om;&,f?
igqdkwm acgif;vm;yef;vm;? om;vm;? tazvm;? tEdkifvm;? t&SHK;vm;?
]]rSeftdrfxJrSm aewJhvl tjcm;oludk cJeJYrayguf&}} (pwDAifqif)
arharhudk jrifzl;oGm;csifw,f azaz?
tm; . . .
aeY&ufawG[m ighudk rsufrSefwpfvufjzpfapcJhw,f/
tdyfrufawG nxJaysmf0ifoGm;w,f/ nawG tdyfrufxJaysmf0ifoGm;w,f/
yHkjyifawG[m ? tyHkawG jyifxm;ovdk?

31
Photoshop udkav;pm;zdkYaumif;vmatmifvkyfxm;wJh j'yfulypnf;yJ/

jzpfcJhwJh t&mwdkif; ysufrSmyJ 'umMuD;?
'umMuD; toufawGvnf;MuD;jyD?
ysufoifhonfa&m? rysufoifhonfa&m ysufcJhaygif;vnf;rsm;jyD?
puf0dkif;wpfckudk rcsdK;zsufedkifao;orQawmh . . .
vGifharsmvnfywfaerSmyJ 'umMuD;?
uRefawmfrsdK; tJ'gawGudk tMuD;MuD; odygw,f t&Sifbk&m;?
'gayrJh cufwmu? cufwmu? . . . cufygw,f t&Sifbk&m;&,f?
jrifhrdk&f udk cifwG,fcJhwJh jrL avta0hrSm vGifhvdkY/
vrf;avQmufzdkY vSrf;vdkufwdkif; ajcaxmufatmufu ajrMuD; u aysmufaysmufoGm;w,f/
ighudk 'DZifbm xJu xGufcGifhay;yg/
ajcmufaoG;at;cJ txD;usef rI'Pfudk ig rcHEdkifawmhvdkYyg/
wDxGifcsuf (231)
psmye wpfckudk igwdkY pdwfygvufyg wDxGifcJhMu/
(toufwpf&m rae&ayrJh tokb wpf&moGm;cJh&)
b,frSmvnf; b0 wpfck&JUaysmf&GifrIqdkwm?
r[kwfbl;/
rif;roGm;&bl;/ rif;roGm;&bl;/
rif;[mightwGuf igudk,fwdkifvdkcsifcJhwJh Adkif;&yfwpfaumifygyJ/
qHjzLaewJh ighacgif;rSm awG;ac:rIyHkpHtopfawG rykyfyGcif wl;qGMu/
igwdkY rSm;cJhw,f/
wDxGifcsuf (230)
rsufawmifcyfvdkufwdkif; jyKwfusoGm;wJh puefUwHawG
jyefjyefaumuf&wmigarmvSaygh / / /
vif;eDndK
32
(aemufqHk;aom) dk;dk; &Sif;&Sif;
vnfacsmif;udk jzwfxkwfvdkufw,f?
tdk; . . . (aoG;awG)_3 Munfhraumif;bl; (rMunfheJYaygh)
rSefrSmMunfhawmh vludkrjrif&bl;?
vnfacsmif;uae vSywJhprf;acsmif;uav;wpfckvdk pD;usaewJh (aoG;awG) _ 4
tdk; . . . jrifraumif;bl; (oabmyJ)
ajcruav;udk tomvSKyfupm;ay;vdkufw,f?
opfyifwpfyif &J UtjrpfawG ajrMuD;atmufudk azguf0ifjyD;,SufjzmoGm;yHku?
ESvHk;wpfckxJ udk aoG;aMumawG azguf0ifjyD;,SufjzmoGm;wmeJY cyfqifqif&,f?
at;jrwJh vewforD;&,f bmaMumifhrdkYvdkY toufpGefUoGm;wmoGm;vJ?
azG;azG;qGwfaewJh rif;qHyifawG? 0dkif;vJhaewJh rif; rsuf0ef;awG?
t"duawmh MunfvifrI/ rif;[m odyfMunfvifwmyJ/
vJhvJuav;vSKyfaewJh ork'a&jyifrSm rif;t&dyfxif&if;uae?
igwdkYawG ork',MudK;awGcsnfaESmifxm;Muwmaygh/
yHkaqmifcJwpfckuae puLtdyf wpfckwGefUaMuoGm;w,f/
ajcvufawGauG;aumufjyD; vrf;avQmufawmh vlMudKufenf;oGm;w,f/
&ygw,f/ (udp r&dSygbl;) ]bmudkvJ}
opfyif&J htjrpfawGuae aoG;pkyfwJh ow0gawGjzpfvmw,f?
ajrMuD;uaoG;a&mif? ajrqDvTmu aoG;a&mif? avxku aoG;a&mif?
aoG;awGu ajrMuD;jyefjzpfMuw,f?
aoG;awGu opfyifawGudkaxmufyHhMuw,f?
aoG;awG wdrfawGjzpfoGm;Muw,f/
ar;dk;aMumawGrSm vQyfppfpD;vdkufawmh atmf[pfrIawG jrefqefvmw,f
(jrefjrefqefqef atmf[pfEdkifvmw,f)
ocif . . . jyefvmyg/ ig vGrf;vSjyD/
ajcvufawG wGefUaMuukefavmufatmif vGrf;vSjyD/
rif; avmuMuD;udk tvif;a&mifray;ygeJYawmh/ (tarSmifrSmigwdkYaeom;usaeygjyD)
33
rif;avmuMuD;udk at;jrrIawG ray;ygeJYawmh/ (igwdkY u avmifuRrf;jyD;om; jym awGyg)

ig 'Da&vnf; rvdkbl;/ va&mifvnf;rvdkbl;/ rif;yJvdkw,f/ (a[h . . . &Sif;w,faemf)
yljyif;ydefvdefaewJh bD,mbl;cHGwpfck? oH,awGr&dSwJh cspfjcif;? igu aorsdK;?
trSm;jyifvdkYr&wJh cJzsufwpfwHk;? rwfwyf&yfprf;?
vnfacsmif;aoG;udk em;vnfatmifMudK;pm;? olu ewforD;?
aetdrfawG? a&cJjyma&mif v&dyf? a&G UusaewJh qHyif? armhMunfh? qkrawmif;eJY? rawmif;qdkeJY?
trdefUay;/
rsufpdrdSwfxm;&if ajratmufudkoGm;wJh wpfvrf;oGm; avSum;awGudk tpdrf;a&mifqdk;vdkY&w,f/
rsufpdrSdwfxm;ayrJh cHpm;wwfwJh ta&jym;awGudk b,frSmoGm;xm;rvJ?
vrf;ay:rSm ajy;aewJh bwfpfum;awGudk avQmufar;w,f/
ajy;ae&wm aysmfvm;? aysmfaevdkY ajy;aewmvm;? aysmfvnf;raysmfbl; ajy;vnf; rajy;bl;[kwfvm;?
wpfaeYvHk;yJ? jyD;awmhvnf; wpfaeYvHk;yJ . . . tGef; . . wpfaeukefvdkuf?
ajreDukef;em;u tdwfcsKyfwJhqdkifrSm pdefajyeajy
csKKyfaevdkufw,f? jyJoGm;wJh 'Pf&muae aoG;awG? aoG;awG? tdk; . . .
igrxdef;Edkifawmhbl;/
ajy;rSef;rod? rajy;rSef;rodwJh bwfpfum;awG ighudk wpfppD qGJjzJvdkufMuw,f/
b,frSmvJ? bmjzpfvdkYvJ? ig&dSaewkef;yJ/
tvum;aoG;awG? tvum; bwfpfum;awG?
r[kwfbl;/ ig r&dSawmhbl;/
tJ'gighaoG;awGyJ/ igh tydkif;tpawGyJ/ ig yHkysufyef;ysuf eJY tcsdK;ysufoGm;jyDyJ/
tm; . . . (igh&J htoHqdkwm aocsmvdkYvm;)
wHcg;udk wGef;zGifhjyD; vSrf;Munfhawmh va&mifu vJhvJhjzmvdkY/
urmay:rSm va&mifudk armhMunfhaewJh olawG tm;vHk;&J U rsufvHk; azmufjyD;?
olwdkYqDu va&mifawGjyef,lr,f/
ewforD;wpfyg; jyefvnf touf&SifrI&J h vSyyHkudk
azmfjyzdkY ighqDrSm vHkavmufwJh emr0daooe r&dSbl;/
ig0wfxm;wJh wD&Syf trJrSm ighESvHk;om; yHkxifaew,f?
ig [m tvif;ayguf ow0g wpfaumifjzpfoGm;jyDvm;?
34
wDADrSm EdkifiHwumowif;vmaew,f/ MunfhMu/ MunfhMu/

igjidrfjidrfav;xkdifMunfhaevdkufw,f/ (wu,fjidrfjidrfav;)
emusOf;ovkdvkd aysmf&Tif ovdkvdk atmf[pfvdkufrIawGaMumifh . . .
at;cJwGefUvdef ukefw,fwJh/
1. pDvDuGefawmifMum;/
2. tifyg,mpwdwf
3. Aef*kd;&J haumif;uifawG
4. oabFmaemufudk vdkufvdkufaewJh pifa&mfawG
5. (azmfjyrxm;bl;)
tcspf&,f . . . aus;Zl;jyKjyD; rsufpdrSdwfxm;ay;ygvm;/
ig bmrSef;udk bmrSef;rS rodvdkYyg/
(oGm;prf;yg) (b,ft&mrS bmrSr[kwfudk r[kwfwm)
tdk; . . . opfyif&J U tjrpfawGrS r[kwfwm? tJ'g ESvHk;aoG;aMumawGyJ?
vufckyfwD;Muyg? vufckyfwD;Muyg?
[m . . . cspfol rsufpdrSdwfxm;ygqdk/
ig rif;EIwfcrf;av;udk erf;rvdkY/
]]yGJrif; vnf; aiGrSm;? aq;orm;(orm;awmf) vnf; om;ao? aA'iform; vnf;EGm;aysmuf? igwdkYvnf;
(pdwf) csrf;om}}
jr aeatmifaoG;xm;wJh b,fbufvufzsHdk;udk (nmvufeJY) tomav;udkif?
a&cJjyma&mif . . . nrSm v omaewm ig wpfa,muf wnf;ygvm; / / /
vif;eDndK
35
tylydkif; 0ef;usif uEm& wpfck jyefUusJaeaom tmz&du ae0ifjyD; tylydkif;ZHk wpfck
tDauGwm 0ef;usifwpfck uEm& wpfpHk (xyf) zefwD; tdk tmz&du tdk rpf',ftdpf tdk
vufwiftar&du
vrf;p/ vrf;e/ armfvDusLvm zGJU pnf;rI taygif;? tyg ESifh odyfonf; ]q} \ ta&;ygrI/
tqdkygrI \ta&;ygaom vuf ]q} rSefrI rsm; ( vuf q? vuf e) / csdefcsdef qq vkyfcJh oifhwJh trSm; vdkY ajymMuwJh oJ ajr rGrG ay:rSm xifcJhwJh t&m (ajc&m? vuf&m)rsm;/ qefaph odkYr[kwf
*sHKaph wpfaph \ wefzdk; wGufcsufyHk ESifh 22 &mpk taxmuftul txl; jyK vkyf csuf jyKwf (rI) rsm;/
tylydkif; a'o qdkif&m acR;&J&J oH &J&J pufkyf rsm;/ or rydkif;qdkif&m v,fuGif;/ v,form; tkyf
rsm;/ usL yif rsm;/ awmifZvyf yef;rsm;/ jzpfcsif&m jzpf rsm;/ rjzpfcsifwm jzpfrsm;/ xdkodkY qdkaom
tjzpfrsm;/ tjzpfrsm; vsuf/ p vHk;/ q vdrf/ Z uGJ/ jyD;awmh ]n} wef;a&mufoGm;w,f/ n rSm yJ ae
wJh nae / tyl&dSefu uw&m vrf;awGay: dk;wdk;&dyfwdwf taiGU awG? t/ol cdk;taiGUawG? xrif; aiGU ?
[if;aiGU awG? udk,faiGUawG? tmaiGU aEG;aEG;awG / av u awmh ylxl jyD; zkef eHU oif;vdkY/ a&csrf;pif rSm
ydk;rGm; awG xdefvdkY / omvdkY/ vrif; qdkwm vl r[kwfbl; ewfom; vnf;r[kwfbl;/ csdKifh0Srf;awGxJrSm
rsuf&nf awG0Sufxm;wJh ewforD; wpfyg;aew,f/ v ewforD; [m rsuf&nfeJY ridkbl;/ ol [m r&,fbl;/
n bufqdk v &J hta&mifudk ai;Munfh&if; cspfol v ewforD;udk vGrf; aeMu wm a'o wpfck&J h/
tylydkif;avajyvdkaygh? [dkuf'dk *sif vdk aygh/ umAGefabhpf ow0g rsm; vdkaygh/ r&Sufwrf; ajym &&if/
\rsufjzLqdkuf / tarS; aygufoGm;wJh OD;aESmufawGvdkaygh/ t0ga&mif aerif; u xGef;vif; xm;jyD;
trnf;a&mif wjznf;wjznf; eJY ukefwifum; ta[mif;av;uae aexdkif&if; tdrf a[mif; eJY wm0ef
awGudk rysufruGuf? tqufrjywf vkyfudkifyghr,f wJh/ &Sww aeY&ufawG atmufrSm (t)ajy;(t)vTm;
(ynm oifae) aecJhMuwJh ausmif;ol ? ausmif;om; awGxJu tom;jzLjzL eJY aumifav;? aumifrav;
ESpfa,muf/ olwdkY rodxm;wmudk "gwfyHkxJ xnfh csKyf xm;vdkufw,fwJh/ b,frSmvJ awmifZvyfyef;rsm;/
ylae jyif;ae rIyJ &dSw,f/ ysif;aewJh tdrf&m odkY r[kwf aetdrfawGu xif&cufwJh eH&HawGrSm ckwfowf&
rcufwJh "g;awG / ylaomfvnf; t&nfraysmfus/ t&nfraysmfus/ raysmfus/ raysmfMu/ b,fol rS raysmf us/
Mu / cefUrSef;&vG,f wJh yx0D oGifjyifrSm cefUrSef;&cuf wJh aemufausm u "g; awG &dSaew,f/ eD;&m"g;awG
&dSaew,f/ rsufpdwpfqHk; Munfh vdkY roifhao;bl;/ rsufawmif wpfqHk;awmif MunfhvdkY roifhao;bl;/ bmrS
roifhao;bl;/ tqdyf u vGJ&if bmrS roifhao;bl;/ or ydkif;qdkif&m v,fuGif;awG xJ wuRyfuRyf jrnf
wrf; oH eJY twl/ twl/ &SdKU rD;? awmrD;? tylrD;? aMuG;rD;/ aomu rD;/ rsuf&nfrD;/ i&JrD;/ aq;vdyfrD;/
xifrxm;wJh aeY&ufawG xJ r[kwfbl;/ ESpfawG &m axmif csD cJhjyD;/ 'Da'o rSm 'D ajrMuD; eDeDawG &dScJhwm/ 'Da'o u vlawG 'Dvdk arG;cJhwm/ 'Dvdk ajy;vTm;cJhwm/ bmudk rS arQmfvifh rxm; wm vnf; ESpf
axmifcsD cJhjyD/ ]]idkw,f qdkwm 'Dvdk tcsdef 'Dvkd ae&mrSm tjypf&dSw,f}} / xm;vdkufygawmh/ rpwm tmz&du/
tJh'Dvdk arG;ysHU aevm;/ ol[m uEm& awG udk ac:aqmif ay;wmvm;/ tJvfeD;ndK
awGudk jyHK;aysmfapcJhwmvm;/ jrpfawGudk crf;atmif atmf[pfay;aewmvm;/ aomufa&oefU &Sm;yg;rI/
opfyif acgif;yg;rI/ udk,fwGif; qJvfawG azgif;yGvmw,f/ aygufuGJ awmhr,f/ uGJ awmhr,f/ t&m&m
uGJxGufawmhr,f/ ajrqDvGm awG tufuGJvm/ trSdKuf odkuf tyHkMuD;awG MuD;xm;vmrI u aygufuGJ

36
vm/ t&m&m [m pGrf;tif iwfrGwf rI twGuf aygufuGJ rI udk vkdtyfaewmvm;/ bmvJ / bmvJ/ bmvJ/
tom;jzLjzL rdk;aumif;uif u tkyfrdk;xm;vsufaygh/ [kwfw,f/ rdk;rsm;w,f/ trkd; r&dSayrJh rdk;rsm;w,f/
trdk; vrf;cGJ / rdk;,dkaew,f/cGufeJY cHxm;Mu/ vufeJY cHxm;Mu/ vuf cH xm;Mu/ 'g [m rjzpf vnf;
ae vdkY &wJh rjzpfrae wpfck/ rnpfyJ aevdkY r&wJh b0 tajc tae wpfck/ r[kwfbl;/ ESpfck/ oHk;ck/ tck
oHk;q,f/ 'gwGif b,fu rvJ/'gwif b,fu rvJ/ 'gavmufeJYwif b,f u cJh rvJ/ [kwfw,f rvm;/
&ifwGif; rSm xdk;vsdK azguf aewJh0g,mMudK; awG? yvwfaygufawG? yvwfacgif; awG? aomufa&oefUawG?
tMurf;zuform; wdkY &J h nbuf tyef;ajzrI awG/ Icif;om awG/ tkef;yifeJY pDqif; qJ uae aomifjyif
vHk;wD;jzpfoGm;wJh jrpf awG/ jrpfawG/ a[m[dk u jrpfawG/ a[m[dk u aomifawG/ aomifawG rsm;vm&mu
tDauGa'g &JU oJyGifh wpfyGifh pDwdkif; uae tDauGwm wpfavQmuf tarZHk uae tDauGwm wpfavQmuf
'g[m tDauGwm ay:rSm jzpfaeus eHvefx rIawG/ eH&H cs rI awG/ MuHKzl;vm;/ wHwdkif; r&dSyJ jcm; aewm/
rajymeJY urma&/ 'DtjzpftysufawG/ odrf;xm;/ &ifxJrSm odrf;xm;/ t&if xJ u odrf;xm;w,f
r[kwfvm;/ [kwfy / [kwfjcif; \ jyif y rSm r[kwfjcif; &dSovm;/ ar; cg / ar; cg(jyD;)/ ajy;xGufoGm;/
ajy;0ifoGm;/ udk,ftwGif; wpfa,mufwnf; jzpfysufaejcif;/ aejcif; / "gwfMuD; ig;yg; jzpfysuf
aejcif;/ tufwrf\ twGif; buf ESLw&Gef wkdU/ pMu0Vm MuD;[m ESL x &,f yJ/ ol [m vpfb&,f
yJ/ ol[m okn yJ/ ol [m AvmpkyJ/ cHpm;wwfwJh ESvHk;om; om r&dS&if ol [m tJhvdkyJ/ ESvHk;om;&J U
tcef;awGrSm vSnfh vnf npfxkwfaewJh aoG; awGu teDa&mifayrJh ? teDa&mifawG yJhyJh us/ 'g[m &ifbwf
&JU twGif; buf rSm usus (ususee) rSm e ae wJh cH,lcsuf ta[mif;awG/ tm oGm;wJh yef;yGifU awG/
tm oGm;wJh avvHk;awG/ tm oGm;wJh ,rf;rIefUawG/ tm oGm; usD;uef;awG/ tm oGm;wJh qDedwfwmawG/
tcsdef &dSwdkif; vdkY ajymvmMuw,f/ tcsdef[m ESdKif;& wJh qHyifjzLjzL eJY *sL;tzdk;MuD; wpfa,muf
ajymcJhzl;w,f/ uEm& 0ef;usif ay:rSm xdkifjyD; pHkwGJ awG csdef;awGU Mu/ vli,f awG *pfwm xdkifwD;Mu/
vlMuD; awG bmoma&; taqmufttHk awG wnfMu/ cufcJwJh wdkufyGJ 0if aeol tcsif;csif; Muifemyg
wJh *&du tbdk;MuD; wpfa,muf ajymcJhw,f/ ar;Muav/ tm; qdkwm j'yfxkeJY t&dSef&jcif; wdkY ajrSmuf
xm;wJh t&myJ/ 'gudk b,fvdk em;vnf ygovJ/ 'g [m xkdufusdyJ/ 'g[m abmvHk;orm;awG abmvHk; b,fvdk owf ovJ yJ/ 'DvdkyJ/ 'g [m tonf;uGJ jcif;yJ/ 'g[m uav;arG; jcif;yJ/ 'g[m jyD;awmh
'g[m a&S;a[mif;aESmif;jzpfawmif jzpfcGifh r&vkdufwJh tjzpftysuf awG&J U tok b yJ/ tJ'D tokb
rSm vlpnf ovm;/ b,f tcsdef ydkY rSmvJ / tustjzL av;awG om 0wfMu/ bvuf abmf'D qdkwm
tylpkyfw,f/ ta&cGH trJ? aMu;eD a&mif ta&cGH awGudk om jcHKxm;Mu/ rJvJ,feif r&dS&if rvG,faMumyJ/ [l;/
vm rEG,feJY / 'Dvdk tylydkif; a'o rSm EG,fqdkwm acsmuf(ajcmuf) tdyfruf yJ/ crf;em; aewJh El;nHU
rIawG/ &mZ0ifao jyD/ ESpf ajrmuf ESpf xif rSif csyf qcf / pum;vHk; tcGH wpfck/ t"dyg,f tcHGwpfck/
tcGHqdkwm bmrS &dSraewJh oabm vm;/ tESpfudk um xm;wJh oabmvm;/ urm tcGH wpfck/
tylydkif; tcHGwpfck/ vGwfajrmufrI tcGH wpfck/ oabm w&m; tcHGwpfck/ t&rf; aemufusoGm;jyD q&m&,f/
aevHk;MuD;vnf; taemufbufurf;rSm bmqdkbmrS r&dSawmhbl;/ avnSif; av;awG MudK;ajy oGm;/
aveDMurf; MuD;awG MudK;aMuoGm;/ oJrkefwdkif; MuD;awG MudK;vGwfoGm;/ eufajymif aewJh ta&jym;awG jzefU
cif;jyD; zdeyf vkyf pD; cJh/ tylydkif; a'o wpfckrSm vlwpfa,muf &JU reufjzef twGuf arQmfvifhjcif; w&m;awG
37
MudK;aMuoGm;/ rsuf&nf awG 0J c cJh&/ av rSm 0J ae wJh cH,lcsuf awG c cJh&/ oJajr ylyleJY xdpyfaewJh ajc
z0g;u qJvfawG/ ajcz0g;eJY oJajrMum;u pum;vHk; twGefU tvdrf (vdef) awG/ ezl; ay: 0J rusaewJh
(tyl'Pf) aMumifh qHyif twGefUtvdef awG/ qmavmifrIaMumifh tl twGefU tvdefawG/ tvdrfawG? twGefU
wufrI awGeJY iwfrGwfacgif;yg; rIawG/ . . . rajymeJY puL qdkwm udk 0g;pm;cJh/ pmawG? pmydk'fawG? yg;pyfxJrSm
aMurGoGm;wmrsm; awGU&if tHhMo Mur,f/ jyD;awmh tyl&dSefaMumifh vlwpfa,mufvHk; taiGU jyefoGm;wm
awGU &if ydkawmif tHMooGm;Mur,f/ oGm;Mur,f/ (oufoufajymwm 'grsdK; awGu dk; [dk;[dk; aejyD)
wpfOD;udkwpfOD; Muifem zdkU qkyef&G,f/ uwdpum;rsm;r&dSwJh a'o/ ESifh xyfavmif;cJhwJh tavmif;
rsm;Mum;rSm/ t(uf)aMumif; uef \ uH rsm;u twdwfudk jyefr,fwJh/ aemufwpfaMumha&mufvmjyefwJh
(t) aphpyfjcif;awGwJh/ dkif;dkif;jyjy pum;vHk;qdkwm r&dSawmhbl;/ acwfukefoGm;jyD/ [kwfw,f/
dkif;jywJh pum;vHk;awG acwfukefoGm;wm awmfawmf MumjyD/ ( tumtuG,frygwJh qufqHrI
udkawmh uefUuGufwkef;yJ (tumtuG,f rygwJh qufqHrIaMumifh ckcHtm;usqif;a&m*gjzpfyGm;rSm
udk aMumuf&GHUwmxuf? vlOD;a& aygufuGJ rIudk ydkaMumufw,fwJh)) tm; . . . 'g[m rqef;awmhwJh tylydkif
;a'o wpfck&JU omref aeYvnfrQom yJ/ aea&mifatmufu wvufvuf xaewJh zkefrkefU awGatmuf oJ ajr
eufeufxJ rSm a&aMum wpfck&dSrvm;/ a&eH aMumwpfck &dSrvm;/ tysif;aMum udk qefUvdkuf&if;? tysif;aMumudk
bmvdkY qefUvkdufvJ vdkY jyefawG;zdkY txd puf0dkif;qefaewJh tjyKtrlawGatmuf nbuf[m b,fawmhrS
a&mufrvmbl;vdkY 0ifdk;pGef; qefqef nnf;wGm;w,f/ 'D urm rSm vlawG tukef ylavmif rIudk rcHpm;&wm/
bmjzpfvdkYvJ/ 'D urm rSm vlawG tukef rqif;&J wm / bmjzpfvdkYvJ/ bmrSrjzpfygbl;/ 'gayrJh zD;vfikwfw,f/
aemufxyf qkdwJh pum;vHk;udk [dk taemufem; rSm xyfxm;vdkufygawmh/ odw,f[kwf/
rSwfxm;w,f[kwf/ arhxm;w,f[kwf/ 'gayrJh xm;w,f[kwf/ qifajcxm;w,f[kwf/ tJ'D vdyf
MuD; ausmay:rSm jrdKYMuD;awG ygoGm;w,f/ acG;t awG ygoGm;w,f/ rD;&xm;ywfvrf;awG ygoGm;w,f/
aeumrsufrSefawG &SHKwG rIeJY i,fi,f wkef;u ordkif;bmom&yf ESpfydkif;cGJjyD;oif&mwmawG/ vrf;cGJ cJh&wJh
tjzpf tysuf awGudk pdwfrysufygbl;/ n awGudk ao'Pf rcwfoifhygbl;/ &Sm;yg;pGm &Gmus vmr,fh rJh
rdk; udk tqdyf rcwfoifhygbl;/ xef;&nfrl; vdkY uRJckd;ay:cJhwJh bJ awGudk vnf; xdyfwHk;rcwfoifhygbl;/
aMumuf(ausmuf) tcsif;csif; cwf vdkuf wJh rD; ? r&dSwJh awmudkawmif Aef;ay:wifjyD; bef; (burn/ban)
oGm;w,f/ awmrD;avmifw,f qdkjyD;awmh vnf; awmaMumifawG vufcarmif; rcwfoifhygbl;/ *pfwm
rwD;wwfwJh aumifuvnf; MudK;awG ay:rSm ywfx&rf udk rcwfoifhygbl;/ tokbrSm a0wJh ,ufawmif
awGu awmh cwf vdkY taumif;qHk;yJ/ 'Dvdk a'o rSm vufydkpD u dk;&m yJ rdkY xl;cwfxm;vdkY roifhygbl;/
taemufawmif rkwfokefavudk aumhjyD; qJ cJhwJh ukef;wGif; rkefwkdif;MuD;[m raeY reuf ck
ESpfem&DwGif0ifa&mufzsufpD;cJh&m tkd;rJh tdrfrJh vlqif;&J aygif;rsm;pGm\ touf tdk;tdrf pnf;pdrf rsm;
ysufpD;cJh&onf/ rkefwkdif;qdkwm bD,m qdkif emrnf r[kwfwm? jrif; emrnf r[kwfwm? 0wK xJ u
rif;om; emrnf r[kwfwm udk aMumfjim zkdU vlvdkonf / Edk;wpf bkwfrSm tJhvdk a&;xm;w,f/ raMumufygbl;/ tcsdKUvlawGrsm; yg;pyf xJrSmuGrf;MuD; jrHKUxm;jyD; rdefUrdefU MuD; jyHK;aewm? "gwfyHkqdkwJh t&m
om ay:zl;wm odcJh&if rSwfwrf;wifxm;OD;rSm/ tckawmh oJzkef;oGm;wJh tdyf&mcif;av;awGrSm a&;xm;cJhwJh
uav;uAsm av;awG? uav; yef;csDav;awG? uav; tawG;tac:av;awG? uav; av;awG/

38
rSwfxm;Mu/ 'Dvdk &moD OwkrSm / vufonf;eD rqdk;MueJY/ rmbkddk teD raomufMueJY/ aoG; teD awG
rxGufMueJY/ 0dkif teDawG raomufMueJY/ rsufaxmifh teDawG rMunfhMueJY/ ESif;qD teD awG ryefMueJY/
yg;tdkY eDeD? EIwfcrf; eDeD awGudk rerf;MueJY/ t&rf;ylw,f/ [kwfw,frvm;/ ajymcsifwm udk r&Sif;atmif
a&;xm;wmvm;/ r&Sif;wmudk ajymcsifwmvm;/ rjiif;MueJYuG,f/b,folaoao iaw vnf; rmraeeJYawmh? rm wJh acwfu ukefoGm;jyD/ xef;&nfhdk l;atmifarmhjyD; trl;orm;awGudk uJh&JU Mur,f/ vm/
urm ay:rSm 12870 uDvdk rDwm puf0ef; &dSwJh puf0dkif; udk b,fol qGJcJhwmvJ/ b,folrS tyifyef;
cHraebl;/ ukvm;tkwfqdkwm pD;u&ufvm;/ rDeDrwfwpfck rSm 0,faomufzl;w,f/ uEm& awGxJ
olYudkaomufjyD; c&D;oGm;oifhw,fvdkYawmif awG;rdw,f/ awG;rdwmawG tukefajym&if? zrf;rdwmawG
ukefvdrfhr,f/ tukefzrf;rdEdkifwm ig;zrf;ydkufawmif r&dSbl;/ ig;zrf;ydkuf trsdK;tpm; trsdK;rsdK;&dSw,f/
ig;oavmuf zrf;wJh ydkuf? wlem ig; zrf;wJh ig;zrf;ydkuf? . . tm . . . bmawG/ oJrIef ppfwJh Zum
b,fESpfrsdK;? qGefyvGefoD; b,fESpfrsdK;? qm; b,fu 0,f&rvJ/ qm;pf a&m*g jzpfwJholawG awmif &Sufae&/
acwfrrDawmhvdkYwJhav/ jyD;awmhrS 'DacwfMuD;xJrSmacwfrrSDwm acwf qdkjyD; acwf(*pf) x vdkufjyefao;w,f/
awmifjzdKzdkY ,rf; awG azgufcGJMu/ tJ'D i ayg awGMum;u tarZkefawm xJrSm qwf awG vdkuf&SmMur,f/
orifawGa&m/ *sDawGvnf; vkduf&SmMuw,f/ tdwfcsfawGa&m? tkdif awGa&m? AD awGa&m? tdk; . . . a'oawG[m
. . . avmifvdkYaew,f/ ylaewJh obm0 [m AdkufMuD;onf awG? bD,m orm;awG&JU AdkufrSmwif r[kwfbl;/
yl Muw,f/ &moD Owk awG ? a&aEG;tdk;awG? rD;yHkyGJawG/ trsm;MuD; yg/ "gwfcGJcef;u a&ul;uef/ taysmfqHk;
tyg;qHk; qdkwJh a&cJjyifawG/ ]] b,f . . qD . . . b,f . . . 0,f }} (cif0rf;)/ a&eH wpfcGuf eJY pdefwpfwHk;?
jzpfEdkif&if rdk;awG? ESif;awG udk oif; ypf&r,f/ wHvQyfawGudk wrifyJ a&xifjyD; pdwfajz/ Zl;vl; r awGudk
pum;vuf *sdK[efqef tjzpfeJY pdwfajz/ bmrSef;rodwJh t&nfawGudk [efewfpD tjzpfeJY pdwfajz/ ql;yifawG&JU
t&dyfrSm uGwfyspfxdk;jyD; pdwfajz/ pdwfajy ovm;awmh rar;eJY/ pdwfajzp&m r&dSrJhwlwl wpfudk,fa&
wpfum, pdwfajz/ ajyusoGm;wJh pdwfaemufudk aumufaumufygatmif vdkufcJhwJhaemuf AHkoHawGMum;rSm
atau oH awGMum;rSm ydkvm 0uf0H ta&cGH jcHKxm;wJh tat;cef; awG Mum;rSm tdrfaemufaz; vrf; Mum; rSm
jzpfysuf qufqH cJhMuwm [dk;ta0;u oJajr EkEk awmifwef;awGay:rSm xif;wpfacsmif;udk rD;&dSdKUvdkufw,f
tkdatppf rvdkbl; yufpD rvdkbl; y&D;rD,m;vd*f rvdkbl; avmf&,f rvdkbl; a[m'D ajcAvmawGatmufu
urmrSm 'gawGudk b,folrS awmifhw raebl;/ zl*sD,m;rm; ay:u cs,f&D yif [m;wkdufvdkY &,fvdkufcsif
owJh/ acguf&m &S&mawG eJY pdwf"gwfrSm b0 awGqdkwm vnf; r&dSbl;/ bl; wpfvHk;aqmif aoawmif a&
riwfbl; wJh/ qdkdk; udk jcaohF tdk;tjzpf acgif;rSmyef ae&Sife,f *sDtkd*&ufzpf (0dkif;vf) &JU tifwmAsL;rSm
yxrqk &cJh wmaygh/ 'DvdkeJY . . . 'DvdkeJY . . . . cyf,Jh,Jh tkd; eJY wnfaqmufxm;wJh cEm udk,f vnf; 'Dvdk
eJY . . . eJY ukefw,f/ wGef;wkdufygrsm;vmwJh . . . xdkifcHk yl wpfck [mvnf; . . . 'DvdkeJY . . . eJY vmw,f/
aiGaMu;wefzdk;eJYtwl / trnfwGif&Hk a&wHcGefawGaemuf ckefcs . . . cyfeJYeJ cEm udk,f [m vnf; . . . 'DvdkeJY/
tp? te/ armfvDusLwdkY azgufcGJ cHvdkuf&ovdk rsdK; jzpf&yf eJY wpfzHk/ tjzpfrsm;wJh a&m*gaMumifh
aoqHk;oGm;Muwm wpfaMumif;/ wpfaMumif; xyfqGJr,fqdkwJh . . . . . aMumifh wpfenf;/ enf;enf;rsm;rsm;
r&dSygapeJY qkawmif;? jym;aewJh urm u csdKifhawG atmufrSm v ewforD; wpfyg; &JU rsufESm udk armfzl;vdkY/
vlemvdkufaZ;&Sif; vdkY ac:rvm;/ aeylvGef;vdkY OD;aESmufacsmifoGm;wmvm;/ OD;aESmufacsmif vGef;vdkY

39
aeylw,f xifaewmvm;/ aeaumif;wkef; ylxm;ayghuGm qdkwJh tHMudwfoHMuD;awG atmufu oHa,mZOf p ?
oHa,mZOf e?wpqD cGJ jzJ cHvkduf&wJh aemufb0 qkdif&m ,HkMunf rIawGaemuf 0#f qdkwm MuufO tarS;yg;vdk
/ yg;pyfu xGufoGm;wJh aveJY ESmacgif;u 0ifwJh av rrQawmh ajym&wm av ukefw,f/ wu,fwef;
jzpfaewJh tcsdefeJY vufywfem&D ay:u tcsdefeJY rukdufawmh ajym&wm tcsdefukefw,f/ ajymwm olrsm;
em;r axmifâ,mif awmh ajym&wm yg;pyfanmif;w,f/ tcsdK; rajywJh pdwfxm; udk tESdyfcH zdkY twGuf
vif;eDndK
40
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jywf (jyD;) axG; oGm; wJh (String) wpf ck vdk ajy; (jyD;) xGuf setSize (300, 300) &Of
&Of &Of [Jvdk trdefU r &dS yg tqdk a&m yJ r&dSyg tqdk trdefU awG tjyifoGm; t"dyg,f tjym; toGif r,Of
rdkif; t,Of eJY tdkif; rESdKif; aumif;wJh t&m eJY ESdKif;aumif;wJh t&m (ESdKif;vdkY odyfaumif;wmyJvm;) oif
xifovm; oif rxif bl; vm; ig a&m b,f vdk xifovJ rSifvnf; aumif; wJh armif;vnf; aumif;wJh
[dka&SU u abmvfyifMuD; a&m xif ovm; rxif wwf&ifvnf; rxyf atmif oif xm;ay awmh oifh t
wGuf odrfjzL uGif;rSm um;armif; ovdk oif ay;rJh tarmif; oif awG eJY oif wkef; "g; a&; jyyGJrSm oifh
twGufreufjzef wif rubl; wpfESpfpm tcsdefpm&if; oGif;xm;cJhvdkY& w,f (pdwfyg&if oif wkef; "g; eJY
ajr udk wl; pG jyD;) wGif; xm;cJhvdkY&w,f uRefawmfwdkY jyD;cJhwJh oifcef;pm u eDapG;apG; uGef;qwf awG t
aMumif; tawmf toifh aqG; aEG; jyD; cJh yg jyD; bmawG twl vkyf EdkifovJ rvkyfEdkif bl; vJ pojzifh
udp teuf teJ awG rSm tdk;&Sif; qHk; yHkpH eJY uRefawmf wdkY aqG;aEG; cJh Mu ygw,f tJ'D rSm oifcef;pm
wpfck xJeJY xyfwl nD wl usrJh ypnf; awG trsm;MuD; udk uRefawmf wdkY wifoGif; cJhMu ygw,f yxr OD;pGm
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xuf wpfck ydkygw,f ]]vkyfaqmifjcif;}} Edkif aq;aMum cJhwJh t&m awGrSm vnf; r&dSwJh txiftjrifawG
&GufwdkifawGrSm jzefUusufxm;wJh &GufoabFm awG qDrSm qef;ppf Edkif tJ'D t&m udk aygh aemf
rodcJhwJh jrdKUuav; wpfjrdKU&JU awmifay:rSm cif;rJh zsmawG jzefUusufxm;wJh tvSL yGJ wpfck rSm teufa&mif
tdk;pnf AHkarmif; wD; aewJh [ef vm; oif b,fvdk uRefawmfwdkY uawmh tqHk;qdkwJh t&m udk trSwfr&dSyJ
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a[m[dku usD;vefUpmpm aeYawG [m oif wdkY twGuf 'DaeYawG rSm aqmufjzpfr,fh uefxdkufawG
]] rjrif&wJh rsOf; wpf ajy; [m jrif; wpf ajy; uGm a0; }} opfom; wHwm;awG vdk ywfywfvnf 0dkufaewJh
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50
odyfonf;qrwlwJh tvTmESpfck wpfom;oabmusoa,mifjzpfaewm . .

vdkufvdkYzrf;aewm . .
yHk&dyfawGvm;.. tpuftajymufawGvm; . . vdIif;jywfawGvm; . . igudk,fwdkifvm; . .
rdk;a&xJu ighudk xD;aqmif;&if;olwdkY . .
olwdkYrsufESmudk xD;raqmif;bl;vm; . .
olwdkYjyefoGm;MujyefNyD . . / /
vif;&rm
51
52
vuf&Sd
'DuAsmu uAsmrjzpfcifeJY [dkuAsmu uAsmrjzpfcif
,K vuf&Sd ,ckonf vuf&SdwpfOD;wpfa,muf\ vuf aumufumiifumvuf&Sd

tajc tae txm; todk rSm &moDOwk aumif;rGefaMumif; axmufcHcsuf rsm; ruif; r&Sd(rJh)
jcif; odkYwnf;r[kwf vuf0,fydkifqdkifjcif; ESifh vuf&SduAsmq&mwpfa,muf\ vufvGwf ajcvGwf
udkifwG,frItay: vuf&Sdtwdkif;twmjzifh ckwfxpfcsdfefwG,frI tay:âtmuf aps;nSdEdIif;NyD;pD;aMumif; /
vuf&Sdaygufaps;rSm vuf&Sdyk*dKvfay:rlwnftzufbufodkY jzmxGufEdkifNyD; wpfydm vSsif wpf&m
'r oHk;oHk;oHk;oHk; jyefxyfusyfom; &Sdjcif;tm;jzifh tjrifydkvSsHEdkifaomfvnf; vuf&Sdtav;rSm vufr&Sd
ygvSsif- ? vuf&Sdtav;rSm rav;odkYajymif;oGm;ygvSsif- rnfrSsavmuf (t)av;oGm;rnf? (t)ayghoGm;rnf
udk vufrJhwpfa,mufyifvSsif cefYrSef;EdkifaMumif; vuf&SdMurf;cif;aps;jzifh csdefxdk; wGufqoGm;onf/
vuf&SdwGif vuf&Sdrsm;udk oHk;pGJcsifMuonfrSm rqef;jym;aom pdwfcHpm;csufjzpfaomfjim;vnf;
vuf&SdtrdIufpGefYypf&ef
owfrSwfxm;aomae&mrsm;
yvyfpwpfrsm;om
ae&m,lxm;MuNyD;
vuf&Sdarmf',ftopfrsm;
tay:
xkwfvkyfonfhwdkif;jynftavsmuf
]]wpf&ufpkwfoGm;Edkifonf}}
]] . . . . jzpf oGm; Edkif onf}} [kqdkNyD; ]] wl;wGrfwd(220V)rS 0rf;wef;(110V)
}}
odkYajymif;um
wl;wGrfwdoHk;vuf&Sdrsm;udkpdk;pOf;rSsoHk;zl;jcif;r&SdyJvuf&SdtoHk;jyKqJypnf;
rsm;rSm(olwyg;)
'dkrufpwpfrsm;jzpf*kPf,lrIrsm;tay:
a0zefa&;tjrifjzifhoHk;oyfcsufwdkY
aMumif;
jzpfay:vmEdkif
onfhab;xGufqdk;usdK;rsm;ESifh
wm;qD;umuG,fEdkifrI
tajcjyZ,m;/
vuf&SdbmtrSwfwHqdyf arSmifcdkZdrfcHypnf;rsm;rSm wdk&Sdbm\ aps;uGuftay:yHk;rSm;dkuf
xdk;azmuf0ifa&muftompD;&,ljcif;tm;jzifh
vuf&Sd
rlydkifrSwfyHkwiftrSwf^,m,D
rlydkifrSwf
yHkwiftrSwf wdkYESifh NidpGef;rI wpfpHkwpf&mudk wdkifwef; ûefYuGuf rnfholrsm; vuf&Sdtcsdef
txdray:aygufao;aomaMumifh
vuf&SdxkwfvTifhjyoaeaomrD'D,mrsm;rS
vuf&SdtGefvdkif;
rD'D,mrsm;txd
tjiif;yGm;zG,f&m
rawGY&SdrItay:zmodzmomjzpfaeao;aMumif;awGY&Sd&ygonf[k
0guRwfumvaygufaygufazmufrIaAsmufazmufrIwdkYtm;owday;
aMujimcsufjzifh zmax;rI/
vuf&Sd vufr&Sdawmhaom Zmwfaumif\ vufrSm uG,f0Sufxm;jcif; jzpfNyD; 'gdkufwm?
"gwfyHk q&m ESifh uGefysLwmtxl;jyKvkyfcsufzefwD;ol wdkY\ a&TOPfawmfpl;a&mufrItm;jzifh
vufawGY jyo&mrS tpm;xdk;dkuful;rIjyuGufwGif jzpfap
jyefvnfjyocsufpmwef;xdk;\
ab;wpfae&m&mrS
uwfoD;uwfowf
&yfyf
jzpfap
vuf&SdpwefY
jyuGufrSm
trSeftuef rrSefuefygaMumif; ]]NyD;ygNyD}} ESifha&maxG;owfykwf jznfzHk; um;cs NyD; qHk; oGm; ygonf/
[dkwpf&Guf. 'Dwpfyuf
vufrSwfwpfapmif&Sdw,f
360 'D*&DrSm jyefqHkp dkY..?
aysmufp aysmufe eJY
us us aysmufoGm;wJh nawGu
vSsHusvmyHkrsm; 'Dzufu . .
pdkpGwfapol\ tMum;tm&HkESifh
usefcJhaom av;zufav;wef . . rsm;
tvsm;&Snfaom uAsmvdIif;rsm; wkefcgjrnfjcif; jzpfpOf?
acgif;pOf wpfckatmufrS acgif;rwlolrsm;
'Dudk vmvmwdk;ao;w,f?
rjrifEdkifavmufatmif jrefqef . .
txyfjrifhwdkufwcsdKU NydKus,dk,Gif;rI . .
teDa&mif vSsyfpD;abmvkH;awG
. . . .
twdrus
---------------------------------tNydKifa&GUvsm;vnfywfrI jzpfpOftwGuf
---umvul;vufrSwf vuf0,fydkifqdkifrI-----v,fA,fwlqufqHrI-----yHkwlrsdK;yGm;cH(&) rI--2 . tm;ay;
--- --- --- * * * --- --- ---1. tm;ay;
avmavmvwfvwf b0awGu ighn r[kwf
'gqdkb,folY aeYr[kwfwJhaeY vJ
tv,ftvwf vlvwfydkif;aq;vdyfaomufolrsm;
ydk
tm;vHk;aomoHk;pGJolrsm;
vif;&rm
53
ESvHk; aoG;aMum tygt0if aoG;aMumtm;vHk;\ eH&HrS qJvfrsm;udk xdcdkuf ysufpD;

owdarhjcif;wdkY rMumcPjzpfay:wwfaMumif;
uG,fvGefNyD;aysmufqHk;oGm; . . . uG,fvGefNyD;aysmufqHk;oGm; . . . uG,fvGefNyD;aysmufqHk;oGm;
rsufawmifrcwfwrf;ai;,lrI\ rdwLrsm; (rsdK;yGm;rIjrefqefjcif;)
rodudef; &SifESifh wGuf,l
&rnfh^r&rnfh
cdk;&mygypnf;rsm; aysmufqHk;aMumif; ta,mifaqmif aMujimcsufawG
qdkzmylavmifrIudk vspfvsL&I& aumif;rSef;odaeonfh
rodvdkuf rodrom vdkaeol
. . . wdkYonf rodod ol
vlnDap&ef vlnSdaomfjim;
0 ajrSmufazmf aygif;zuf EIwfazmf pm;zuf
olYbufrSm ol&Sdaewmudk auseyfaeolu b,folvJ
0 olu bmudef;vJ
nDrSsjcif;wpfzufwnf; &Sdjcif; ^wnfjcif;udk b,fvdkaumufcsufqGJrvJ
[,fvif\ txdtawGY oif,lrI
" W_A_T_E_R, water "} a& . .
pum;vHk;udk pmvHk;aygif;jyvdkufw,f
bmrSef;rodawmh nmrSef;rod
oHwlaMumif;uGJ oHuGmaMumif;uGJ oHuGJaMumif;uif;
toHrwlonfh aoGznfol
zDvmqefYusifolr&Sdjcif; nDrSsjcif; pnf;vHk;nDnGwfjcif; . .
tar;omvSsifjzpf tajzr[kwfay
okn\ r&Sdjcif;ESifh &Sdjcif;udk
tvGwfusufrSwf arhavsmhayghqqJ? wzufrS pkwfNyJ ysufjy,foGm;jyef /
/
.
.
54
] xGufoGm;aom vl&yfaygufrsm; }
rD;puf rD;aygufawG&JU twdrf;apmif;rcHrI . .?
]#} udkqdkrdawmh igawmfawmfvSsm&SnfwJhaumif wJh ?
rdwfjzpfaqGjzpf tpm a&pm awGeJY tcyfroifh&if udkufrdwwfw,f..?
bk&m;tqlql[m rdk;xJ avxJ . .
csdwfqGJxm;wJh ocsFm*Pef;awGeJY twl..?
a&mfbifqiful;qdk;eJY aomMum..?
aomMumeJY wpfq,fhoHk;..?
wpfq,fhoHk;eJY a&mfbifqiful;qdk;..?
jrif&m.. xif&myJqdk&ifawmhvnf;.. ]enf;enf;awmhavSsmh} . .?
tHkcHtEkynm [m ig;yg; u yghrvm; . .?
ESpfcgajym&&if.. ]avxkxJrSm puf0dkif;awGeJY} ?
rxl;&ifawmh rjcm;bl;aygh. .?
xl;aeawmhvnf; .. wHcg;tyGifhudk cPawmh apmifhr,f . .?
w0ufraocsmrIaMumifh oHk;vHk;udk oHk;uGufdkuf..?
acgif;ukwfjy&if tdyfuyfxJu taMuGawGu rif;rkefYzdk;jzpfoGm;r,f..?
tm;&ifav ai;yg?
tm; &if av ai; yg ?
0dkif; 0dkif; puf puf 0dkif; puf puf 0dkif;/
/
vif;&rm
vif;&rm
qGJtm;rJha'oxJ vrf;avSsmufxGufaom ...

tusenf;enf;awmhyGapcsif..
&moDOwk&JUwdkufdkufywfoufrIaMumifh..
csKyfdk;awGudkqGJjzKwfNyD;pD;..
temvnf;usufoifhavmufa&m..
tdkifwD (IT) NrdKUvnfrS.. tD;wD (ET) wpfa,muf..
pdwfuJhodkYaom ,ltufzftdk (UFO) ..
ighudkckwfjzwfarmif;yg..
toifhoHk; oHk;aqmifzG,f&mawG..
&,f'Drdwf (Ready Made) Mum;cHe,fawG..
cHpm;&ayr,fh.. rcHpm;&ovdk..
'gu ]] a0'em}}
ysif;acGYaewJh tm&HkcHemhAf (Sensory) awGeJY
cifAsm;u yHkaqmifcJvnfywfrIyJ..
odyfonf;qvnf; yg0ifywfoufrIwpfckyJ..
0efenf;enf;av; av;w,f..
aumufrudkifcif ypfcswwfMu..
oluar;w,f
]]aumufrudkifcifb,fvdk ypfcsrvJ..}}
qdkwmvJ ypfcsrI wpfckyJaygh..
ruGJrtuf..? taumif;yuwd..
zdkifbmtrSsifawG&JU zGJYwnf,Sufoef;rI ..
uwdwnfrIawG..
wcsdefwnf;rSm ]] pma&;olonf pmzwfaeonf}}
]] w0ufwquf }} oGifjyif&JU
]] wom;oabm}} usrIawG..?
0g'awGudk . . . xJ wGef;csvdkufav&m

55
56
enf;enf; cyfyg;yg; qifvmonf..
uAsmtwGif;ydkif;udk uAsmawGkHr,f..
rvdkufyJvnf; a&GUMunfhw,f..
cifAsm;vnf;enf;enf;awmhacgif;rmwmyJ..
]]'vdrfh 'vdrfh }}
acgif;awGvnf; avSum;xpfrsm;ay:..
iguyHk&Sifenf;awGtwGuf yHkaoenf;awGvnf;oHk;csifoHk;r,f..?
yHktoGifajymif;vJjzpfwnfrIu ,HkMunfzG,f&moufao..?
r,HkMunfavmufEdkifatmifyJaygh..
aoG;vnfywfrIr&SdwJh a0zefrIawG..
bmawG bmyJjzpfjzpfaygh..
]] jzpfonfrSm Edkifonf}}
oli,ftdrfxJu oli,ftdrf&Sif
0ifa&mufMunfh&I&ef..?
ta&mifwkefYjyefrIrJha&m*guif;&ef..?
vufqkyfvufudkift&mawGrS
acgif;ndwfwwf&if..
avxkxJupuf0dkif;av;awGudk
a&wGufaevdkufaygh..
]] aumuf.. jzKwf.. qif .. wyf }}
opmw&m;rSm cGJpdwfcef;oHk;"g;[mvnf;
uGif;awG.. cGawG ^ *Gif;awG .. CGawG
u?c?*?C? i [mtpDpOf us ^rus
azmufpm;cH&wJh rkefYwpfxkyf[m ]] rlv}} aysmufoGm;r,f..
] av[me,fobm0} eJYu ] udk,fvdk..olvdk} /
vif;&rm
tm.. vdkuf.. rI.. rSm.. vGJ.. av.. . avm..

wwd, yk*dKvftaeeJY oHk;(3)aeus rdkYyg?
'Dtus . . 'Dae&m[m . .
a[m . . cifAsm; rsufpdus (qGJtm;rJht&yfodkY..) aeNyD..?
tuscsKyfol eJY tus0wfol b,folYwm0efvJ?
udk,fwdkifwdkif; udk,fwdkifcsKyf . . rnfodkYyifxifapumrl . .
usKyfemrnf[m usKyfr,Hk&qHk; ol yJ?
oltNrJ pm; ôHk; w,f?
ywLpay: cifAsm;cHpm;aewm c&maxmifhawGeJY pum;vHk;awGua&m..?
vkyfp&mawGu udk,fhtvkyf udk^,f yJ
udk,fh emrfudkawmif jyefrJh jy&rvdk (rowDovdkaygh)
kyfuav;u oem;urm;eJY
vif;eDndK rSm;^rSef ajzaeqJ (ajymvdkY)
awav uGufvyfjznfhaeqJ (ajymvdkY)
vif;&rm tajzâr;cGef; xkwfvdkY a0 cGJaeqJ (ajymvdkY)
txkwfjznfaeMuw,f wJh?
tar;awGvm; tajzawGvm; txyfxyf ajzâr;?
a[mufyuf jzpfaewJh uGufvyfBuD;&JU rdkufârSmif^rJ rIrSmidkjcif;csp&m r&Sdwm
]wpfpHkwpf&mus} vdkYaygh
usKyfwdkY rodbl; yJxm;vdkufMupdkY&JU
]csm;vfpf befpwdef;} bmyJ ajymajym
]*Ref tuf&Sfb&D} bmyJqdkqdk
]] rqdkifovdkyJ}}
u,fcsif &m ^,m udku,fyg
u,fcsif ovdk ôvdk u,fyg
tom;wkefvIyferdwfusrf;awG ? bmompum;MuGufom;eH&HawG ?
]] MuGufom;ayguf arG;jrLa&; pDrHudef;BuD;rsm; }}
57
58
oGif;ukef ^ xkwfukef vkyfief;pkBuD;rsm;?

vnfyif;nSpfzdkY vnfyif;zufaewJh Zmwf0ifcef;udk
cifAsm; usKyfudkjyaeovdk yJ?
b,fvdk erdwfzwf&rvJ? twdwfaumuf&rvJ vif;&rm
ar;cGef; vJMupdkY &JU awav
]]igwdkY}} udk b,fol ppf wmvJ ]] olwdkY }} qdkwJh ]] cifAsm;wdkY }} vm;?
vif;eDndK eJY vif;&rm
ESpfa,mufaygif;vdkY ]]igh}} raumif;aMumif;awG ajymaevdkufwm?
]]'kur&Smcsifprf;ygeJY}} b,folYudkrS &Sd&Sd r&Sd&Sd ray;bl;
oHk;a,muf aygif;vdkY nDrSsjcif; cs&if;
udk,fhcEm udk,f cs MuzdkY wJhav / /
vif;&rm

59
60
wpfa,mufruwm aocsmw,f
wdrfpdkifawGrD;cwfrnfh n
&dyfueJ . . eJY . . jzwfueJ . .

a[h . .a[h . . rajy;eJY . .
olu ola&m[kwf&JUvm; r&yfbl;..
ajcukefvufyef;usaeNyD r&yfvdkYr&bl;..
qufpyfvdkYr&wm..
qufpyfrI&SdwJhrjrifEdkifaom tpdwftydkif;wdkY\
o@mefwl vSnfhzsm;rIaMumifh..?
twdtusajym&&if
]]uRefawmftl;r[kwfbl;}}
rawmfwqaMumifh ig aowmq,fcgruawmhbl;
udkifwG,fajz&Sif;r&wm[m ]]rawmfwq}}
tvdkawmftwdkif;
ap&m
trdefYawmftwdkif;
cifAsm;a&m b,fvdkoabm&ovJ
]]tp}} eJY ]]tqHk;}} wpfckckudkawmhodrS..
wpfuGuf eJY wpfuGuf Mum;..
uefYowfcsuf [m csdwfqufrI..
pnf;wpfckawmh&SdMupNrJ..
wpfzufudkeif;rdcsdefrSm tzufzufawGvGwfxGufukefMuw,f..
jyefvnfoHk;oyfcsdefr&vdkufyg..
r&yfvdkYr&wm awG;&if; &yfvdkufw,f../ /
tnMwwdkY&JU oknawG[m b0udk 0uGufvdkYttyfcHMu& . .

olYnawGrSm wdrfpdkifawGvnf;a&GYvsm;vdkY..
tjriftm&HkawGudkwdrfovm eJY zHk;tkyfcH&wJhn . . .?
b,fqDrSef; . . rSef; . . orf;&if; . . quf..ESif&if;..
pdkpGwfpGm jyKwfuscJhMu . . tusemcJhMuwJhn..?
ajccH[m tajcjyKcH . .?
tajctaet& tajcrSmcHMu&..?
tajccHusus zefwD;cHxm;&wJh n . .?
ypfvTwfzefwD;xm;wJh "mwkaA'ywf0ef;usifrSm
acsmifydwfrdcJhMu.. tacsmifawGeJY ydwfrdcJhMuwJh n..?
t&dyfawG&JY trJvdkufjcif;udk cHMu&..
t&dyfrnf;awG&JU vdkufjcif;udkcHMu&wJh n..?
rdk;av0oowif;awGuawmh rdk;MuD; . . avMuD; . .
] &moDOwkom,myghrnfh&Sif } wJh . . .
cefYrSef;r&wJhnawGudk ajymif;ypfMu&r,f . .
rkqdk;awGudk trJjyefvdkufMu&rnfh n . .?
ajymif;ypfwmudk..^ ajymif;ypf&rSmudk raMumufMuwJhn..?
tJ'Dn[m.. ,aeYn
,aeY[m n . .?
,aeY[m aer&SdwJhaeY . .?
,aeY[m aeYr&SdwJhaeY . .?
aeYopfawGudk zefwD;zdkY xkxnfawGudk ajymif;ypfMu&r,f..?
xkeJY xnfeJY rD;cwfMurnfh n.. / /
vif;&rm
vif;&rm
61
62
nDrSsaom^ jcif;^ onf=

nDrSsaom jcif; onf
t&G,ftpm;wl eHygwfwl 'grSr[kwf
yrmP^wefzdk;uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif; wlnDrIonf tjcm;aom
ydkaumif;aumif; tavhtx &SdonfrSm
oifhvkyf&yf\^ (r) vkyf&yf\ tajz^&v'f
. . . ay;p&m&dSwm ray;vQif . .
]] aoG;r&dS&if aemufqkwfaevdkuf }}
aemufuae &vJ udprJhw,f
rif;eJYig aygif;vdkY
rif; jzpf^rjzpf qdkwm
igjzpfwJh rif;u auseyfrI? tjyeftvSefzsufaqmufMunfh&rvm;
rsm;rMumrD
ud&d,m? Bud,m0daooe(Bud)? wefqmyvmawG
rwdkifcifav;xd tjcm;jcm;aom wpfyg;ol^ vdkvdkudk,fvdkvdk wdkY
emrfudktxl;jyKaomyk'f .. emr0daooexuf
emr0daooe udkvdkcsifwyfrufrI
taxGaxG tjym;jym;aom ]] aom}} awGiJh? uGJjym;jcm;em;aom=(em0d)=rwlnDaom
rwlnDaom emr0daooeawGiJh?
txl;jyKcH csifrufrIawG wufjycsifwm
aeYcsif;ncsif;MuD; [kwf
txl;ojzifh av;eufrI[m(yHkrSef)txl;ojzifh xuf ydkw,f/
vif;&rm
awav
(1989 - 20 ??)
aoqHk;vdkolwkdif;twGuf uRefawmfarG;zGm;vmonf . . .

63
64
b ESifhp w ESifhqHk;aom
'DxJtukefxnfha&;vdkufw,f? tukefzwfyg
bmwHk;
bmvdkYwHk;
bmvkyfvdkYwHk;
bmvkyfrdvdkYwHk;
bmawGvkyfrdvdkYwHk;
bmawGudkvkyfrdvdkYwHk;
bmawGudkigvkyfrdvdkYwHk;t
bmawGukdigwdkYvkyfrdvdkYwHk;
bmawGukdigwdkYawGvkyfrdvdkYwHk;
bmawGudkigwdkYawGvkyfcJhrdvdkYwHk;
bmawGudkigwdkYawGvkyfcJhrdMuvdkYwHk;
bmawGudkigwdkYawGajymcJhrdMuvdkYwHk;
bmawGudkigwdkYawGajymcJhrdvdkYwHk;
bmawGudkigwdkYawGajymrdvdkYwHk;
bmawGudkigwdkYajymrdvdkYwHk;
bmawGukdigajymrdvdkYwHk;
bmawGudkajymrdvdkYwHk;
bmawGajymrdvdkYwHk;
bmajymrdvdkYwHk;
bmajymvdkYwHk;
bmvdkYwHk;
bmwHk;
&Sif[mbmvnf;
uuRefawmfeJYolu tJ'Dvdk tJ'Dvdk t&if odMuw,f . . .
aemufoleJY uRefawmfu ywfowf&m ywfowfaMumif;u wpfqifh ywfowfMuw,f . .
uuRefawmhftjyif oleJYolu rwdrf;(wlnD) r,drf;(wlnD) qdkawmh ywfowfMuw,f/
tif; ... uRefawmfu bHkvdkjzpfaewmaygh/
&SifwdkYawGu b,fvdkawGuGmvnf;
uuRefawmhfxufolu tJ'Dvdk tJ'DavmufMuD;w,fayghAsm
aemuf uRefawmfu MuD;w,fayghAsm.. tJ'Dvdk tJ'DavmufygyJ
vlMuD;eJYvli,fMum; ^ xdkoloHk;a,mufMum; ^ uRefawmf? oleJYolMum; uuRefawmfu t"duaygh
tif;...uuRefawmfu bHk(vmjyefjyD) vdkjzpfaewmaygh... aocsmw,f
awav
]] tawG;eJYtjrifpum;vnf; EIwfydwfaer,f
tay;eJYt,lpum;vnf; EIwfqdwfaer,f
t,l0g'MudK;awG rcsnfaESmifvdkufeJYOD; }} (qdk-wifZmarmf)
ol okyfaqmifaeonf? xdkYaMumifh b0ukda&Smifxm;onf? xdkYtwGuf cg;axmufonf/
uuRefawmf[m rif;om;ygwJh
olYvufarmif;rSm tatto awG &Sdygw,fcifAsm
tJ'Dwkef;uawmh vlawG ^ pdwfrSm MuD;rm;wJh 0rf;enf;ylaqG;&rIawGaygh
tJ'Daemufawmh tJ'g[m vlOD;a& avQmhcsjcif; oufoufomjzpfaMumif; twnfjyK
tJ'Da&SU (wkef;)uawmh tJ'g[m vlOD;a& avQmhcsjcif; oufoufomjzpfaMumif; awG.&Sd
cifAsm; bmbmomvnf;?
tJ'gudk arhjyD; qufzwfyg? uuRefawmfwdkYuawmh zufpyf ygyJ
qufzwfrvm;? zufpyfvm; cifAsm;ukd 'Dvdkawmh qJoGm;w,f (------)?
cifAsm; b,f u vnf;? ciffAsm; b,f um; vnf;? cifAsm; bmukd um rvnf;? cifAsm; bmukd
uG,f rvnf;
u uRefawmf udk;uG,f um cHvdkuf&wm tJwnf; u aygh/
vl[m vrf;avQuf&if; avQmufvrf;awG rrSefawmhbl;?
rrSefuefolawGudk uefMuyg? aqmifhuefMuyg? aqmufqefjyjyD;awmh r axmufcH(qufqH)MuygeJY/
65
cifAsm;&Jh oli,fcsif;[m uuRefawmfaygh? cifAsm;uawmh uRefawmfoli,fcsif;r[kwfbl;/
]] tqHk;pGefajym&&if cspfwif;ESD;aESm&mrSmawmif a,mufsm;av;eJY rdef;uav;[m ydkrdk&if;ESD;oGm;MuwmrsdK;

r[kwfbl;/ udk,fcEmcsif;om ul;vl;qufqHrI&SdNyD; pdwfcsif;u urmjcm;aeqJyJ&Sdao;w,f/
tqHk;pGefauseyfom,mrI (Orgasm) udkawmif wpfNydKifeuf cHpm;csifrS cHpm;&EdkifwmrsdK;.../ 'Dawmh
'Dudp[m aMumufp&mBuD;r[kwfbl;vm;/}} (awZm)
aMumufp&m aMumufyg/
awav
66
pdwfcHtm;usqif;rIa&m*g rsm; ul; puf cH & jcif;

udk,fcHtm;usqif;rIa&m*g taMumif;oifodjyD;jyDvm;/
oifrodao;ygu wpfae&m&mwGifpHkprf;yg ?wpfae&m&monf onfae&mwGifr[kwf wnfae&mrod
pdwfcHtm;usqif;rIa&m*g taMumif;oifodjyD;jyDvm;
oifrodao;aMumif;oifodjyD;jyDvm; oifodxm;aomt&mrsm; oifjyD;jyDvm;
pdwfcHtm;usqif;rIa&m*gjy Z,m;
a&m*gvuPmrsm;
(1) oem;wwfjcif;
(2),HkvG,fjcif;
(3)olYzufukd,fhzuf rQ awG;wufjcif;
(4)av;av;yifyif&Sdjcif;
(5)ajymjy&ef taMumif;t&mrJhjcif;
(6)rJhjcif;rsm;udk vufcHwufjcif;
(7)vufcHxm;aom t&mrsm;ukd ajymrjyjcif;
(8)pum;rajymjcif;
,ckazmfjyxm;aom a&m*gvuPm(em&ef?emrusef;jzpf&ef)rsm; oifhwGifawGUae&ygovm;
oem;ygw,fqdkaom pum;&yftm; cGJjcm;pdwfjzmMunfh&ef yxrtqifh
oloem;wufaomaMumifh tjcm;olxH ol\ ygoGm;wufonf
Oyrmoem; cspfrdoGm;onf
oem; rkef;vdkufonf
oem; ay;vdkufonf
oem; pGefYvdkufonf
oem;,lvdkufonf
oem; oem;vdkufonf
oem; oerIrSa0;aponf
ponfjzifh ponf
ponfjzifh qHk;onf
ponfjzifh xdkolxHwGif&SdorsSqHk;&SHk;onf?
67
oem;ygw,fqdkwm rdrdxH&SdorQ toem;cH&olxH ygoGm;jcif;oufoufomjzpfaMumif; Oyrm

yxrtqifhrSmxpfxpfoGm;aomaMumifh wpfwpfcGcGtqJcHvdkuf& qufrygvmawmh puf[mqufzGifhr&
vG,fvG,f,Hkjcif;taMumif;qufr&awmh ,HkvG,fjcif;onf oifhxHwGif&Sdr&Sd jyefvnfoHk;oyfyg
(qHk;jzwf&efrvdk)
xdkaMumifh xdkYESifh xdkodkY xdkrS xdkxdk xdkodkYrS xkdonfodkY quf&efr&Sd
r&SdaMumif;awGrsm;aejyDvm;.....
r&Sdjcif;awGudkvufcHxm;ovm;...
rajymcsifawmh (ajymjyD;jzpf)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
xdktaMumif;rsm;jyD;qHk;oGm;aMumif; oifhxHwGif pdwfcHtm;usqif;rI a&m*g&Sdr&Sd
arhvdk . arhvdk
wpfckusefcJhw,f udk;ckajrmuf a&m*g vuPm xnfhoGif;&ef
bmompum;jzifhwnfaqmufxm;aom uAsmrsm; zwfvdkrI
bmompum;jzifhwnfaqmufxm;aom uAsmrsm; wnfaqmufvdkrI
xdktrIrsm;taMumif; . . . . .
awav
68
arhaq;qdkwm rdk;ntdyfrufjrL
rarhcifuwnf;u arhwJhtaMumif;awG
b0udk arharhoGm;(csif)w,f arar?
tJ'Dwkef;u xHk;okwfxm;wJh vrf;jzLjzLawG
wus,fwajym wvGrf;waqG; woo arhoGm;wmygyJ
arhaq;
vdk^rvdk vdkvdk rvdkvdk vdk&r,f&
vl[m vleJYvltay: vlvdk jyKusifhvdkufawmh vl 'grSr[kwf vlYwefzdk; us(cs)oGm;(vdkuf)w,f/
[kwfygw,f arar? tm;vHk;[m arhaq;ay;cHxm;& ^ arhaq;xdk;xm;Muw,f qdkwmudk arharh
oGm;(jyefrvmawmhbl;)
vleJYvl[m armufarmufrmrm tarmufaxmifvdkY (vleJYvlMum; bm &Sd ? (vnf;) )
arhaq;txdk;cHxm;&olrsm; wef;pDyg
oifeJYoifMum; udk,fusifhodum (w&m;w,fawmhrxif)w&m; xnfhoGif;&ef jyifqif
uuRefawmfwdkY tvkyfvkyfaeonf
oifwdkY tvkyfvkyfaeonf
uRefawmfwdkY bmvkyfaeMuovnf;
oifwdkY bmvkyfaeMuovnf;
rod r&Sd rrd rrSD rwd
odrS &SdrS rdrS rDSrS wdusrS vkyfvkdY&rSmygvm;
at;at; uuRefawmfwdkY (oifwdkY) vkyfvdkufygr,f
at;at; rvkyfeJY
at;at; vkyfr,f rvkyfbl; wpfckck
at;at;qdkonfrSm at;at;aq;aq;vkyfudkifjcif; odkYr[kwf nnf;jiLjcif;
udk,fhvrf;ukd,favQmuf ajcaxmufawGaygufawmif qufavQmuf&Jw,f
tJ...
ukd,fhvrf;udk,fajcmuf b0ifawGawmh rajrmuf(arsmuf)eJY(yJ)
cifAsm; ajcmufaewJh vrf;awGavQmufaew,f..
armifjrifha0[m olYtarudk arhcsifygw,fwJh
armifjrifha0[m xm;udk arhcsifygw,fwJh
armifopm[m EG,fudk arhcsifygw,fwJh
armifndKrdIif;[m rr&Dudk arhcsifygw,fwJh

cifAsm;wdkY tJhaumifudk arhaq;ray;cJhwmvm;
arhaq;ay;zdkY bmawGvdktyfygovJqdk&if
arhcsifwJhpdwf odkYr[kwf csOfaewJharhpdwf pdwf pdwf pdwf[m arhaq;ygyJ
arhaq;ay;cH&wm pdwfygyJ? pdwf[m pdwfqDjyefygvmvm; rygvmbl;vm;?(qdkif? rqdkif)
tqDjyefaeaom pdfwfrsm;taMumif;
pdwf pdwf pdwf pdwf[m tqDjyefaeaom aomuavsSmufvrf;rsm;? jzwfxHk;?aESmifxHk;?
vleJYvl[m
oifeJYoif[m arhaq;tay;cHxm;&aMumif; arh
arhcsifaom t&mrsm;ukdarh ?wdkufpm; ?jzwfcs? ausmfcs?
awav
69
70
uRefawmfrodjcif;rsm; 'grSr[kwf [dkwpfp'Dwpfpcdk;csxm;jcif;

'grSr[kwf r[kwfwm ('g) awG
vlYb0tpudk rnfodkY pwif&rnfhdk odygovm; ( odzdkYrvdkyJ tvdktavsSmuf pwifcJhjyD; jzpfaMumif;
odMuygonf/)
vnfywfaeaom ywfvnfaeaom ywfywfvnf&Sd ywf0ef;usifwGif vdyfywfvnfygovm;
rdwfaqG(vdrfz,fvdrfz,fjzifh xxGufoGm;onf/ rdwfaqG[k ajymvdkuf&aomfvnf; &efol =?
rdwfaqG=?) (ywf0ef;usif taMumif; qufajym&ef oifh =? roifh =?) (,ckajymaeonfwdkYrSm
ywf0ef;usiftaMumif; yg =? ryg =?) (,ck ajymaeonfwdkYrSm ywf0ef;usif [kwf =? r[kwf
=?) (ywf0ef;usifonf ywf0ef;usif [kwf =? r[kwf =?)
aysmufqHk;aeygw,fqdkwJh qdkqHk;rrI cH,lrdjcif;r&SdwJh pkef;rwpfaumif ( pkef;rwpfa,muf vdkY
oHk;&rvm; pkef;rwpfaumif vdkY oHk;&rvm; ^ pkef;r[m vlvm; ^
vlqdkwmua&m ^ ) bmawGxGifxkwfvdkufvnf; odcsifvm;/ (uRefawmf ajymjyEdkifrnf r[kwfyg? xdk
udpukd uuRefawmfpdwfr0ifpm;yg/)
pum;rpyf pyfxm;wJh um&Hav;jycsifvdkY pyfpkOD;rvm;Asm (um&HESifh uAsm uuRefawmfwpfyk'frS
ra&;zl;yg/)
vufzuf&nfqdkifrSm pum;vHk;aoewfawGeJY ypfxnfhvkdufw,f/ x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x xx x x x x x x
x x x x qufajymrnf taMumif;t&mrSm em;0wGif Mum;zl;xm;aom Mum;zl;em0rsm; jzpfonf/
]] tdyfaysmfoGm;onfESifh tdyfrufrufawmhonf/ tdyfrufxJrSm uRefawmfawmifxdyfay:rSm
tESpf 40 Mumatmif tdyfaysmfoGm;wm rjzpfedkifbl;[k uRefawmfoli,fcsif;u ajymonf/ uuRefawmf
trSefwu,f tESpf 40 avmuf tdyfaysmfoGm;wm uuRefawmfom odonf/ }}
tESpfav;q,f tdyfaysmfoGm;aom uuRefawmfonf Edk;vmaomtcg toufESpfq,fom
&Sdygao;onf/
i,f&G,folrsm;onf rSefrSefuefuef ajymqdkvkyfudkifwufzdkYvdkaomaMumifh vmvwHaom
uGif;puGif;ydwfxJrS pmom;rsm;udk qHk;atmifzwfyg/ (]] ........}} onf aZmfaZmfatmif \ 0wKxJrS
,loHk;xm;jcif;jzpf? ,ck wdkufqdkif xif? udp pmay oabmw&m; wpfckck atmufajcwGif
acgif;pOfxdk;? b,folawG bmajym uuRefawmf vufraxmif olYtwGuf (olonf uuRefawmf)
arT;ysHaom *kPfowif;wdkYjzifh MudKifoif;aeaom ZmwdrJh vlom;wpfa,muf urmajray:
a&muf&Sdaeonf/
(tvum; udk,fudkudk,f vl0ifqefYatmif ajymaejcif;jzpfonf/ ZmwdrJh vlom;wpfa,mufwGif
arG;&myg *kPfowd&Sdonf/ xdkolYwGif Avm = ewd ) (xdkonfhyif) (xdkonfhyif)
'D[mu oDcsif;wpfyk'frS r[kwfyJAsm

71
yefYcfvm;... ausmif;wkef;u uRefawmfudk ac:wJhemrnfav (atm... ol taotvJ l;oGyfcJhwmvm;?
ajrmufMuG ajrmufMuG tcsdefjzef;cJhwmvm; )
raeYu taMumif;ajymrvkdYyg?
tcsdeftaMumif;udk pOf;pm;aeygonf? tcsdeftaMumif;udk rpOf;pm;awmhyg
awmfygawmh
tcsdeftaMumif; pOf;pm;rdawmh uAsmudk &yfcsifonf/
*(uAsm... 'gu uAsmwJhvm;? [m ... rodbl;Asm rzwfcsifvnf; qufrzwfeJYawmh? uRefawmfvnf;
qufra&;awmhbl;) *
awav
*
vlwpfa,muf ESpfudk,fcGJajymoGm;aom pum;oHrsm;
72
uRefawmf[m vdrfwufoljzpfaMumif; oufaorsm;

paewpf&uf rdk;a&xJcifcJhwJhaumifrav;udk cspfw,fqdkwJh pum;eJY ypfaygufvdkufcsifwJhpdwf
uGJaMuoGm;wJh a&'D,dktydkif;tpawGxJu cspfw,fqdkwJhpum; tydkif;tpawG
&dwfodrf;vdkufyg wHpOfeJY? oHpOfeJY odrf;ydkufvkdufjyD/
vdkif;um;rpD;wmMumawmh um;pD;wJhenf;udk arhjyD? rpD;wwfawmhbl;/
]]ynmqdkwm oifjyD;&if; oif&if;yJ}} r[kwfvm;Asm/
um;rpD;&wm Mumayr,fh? um;ay:a&mufwmeJY olYtvdkvdk tqifajyoGm;w,f/
[kwfuJh/
]]ynmqdkwm tcgtcGifhoifh&if jyeftoHk;csedkifwmyJ }} r[kwfvm;Asm/
xm;cJhvdkufyg/ uReffawmfwdkY um;ay:uqif;jyD; ajcvsifavQmufMuwmaygh/
tJ'Dt,ltqESpfck olwdkYbmololwdkY jiif;ckefMuvdrfhr,f/
]]aocsifwJhae&moGm;ao ? igeJYbmrSrqdkifbl;}}
rsufESmvTJcJypfpum;? b,folYrSefrSef (b,folrSefrSef) aygh/
qpf'fAD;&Syf[m acG;emwpfaumifygwJh
uReffawmf[mvnf; acG;emwpfaumifygyJ? bmvdkYvnf;
Zmwfvrf;uawmh 'DrSmpw,f/ uReffawmf[macG;l;wpfaumifaygh
acG;l;[m udk,fh[mudkjyefudkuf? jyefudkufcH&wJh acG;l;[m uReffawmf
'Pf&m'PfcsufawG A&yGeJY acG;em
[kwfuJh? uReffawmf[m l;oGyfaewJh acG;emwpfaumifygcifAsm?
avmurSm bmrSrwnfjrJbl;? igubmudkrS rqkyfudkifxm;bl; qdkwJhvlawG
rufavmufp&m rawGUao;vkdygAsm/
aoomaooGm;w,f? avmurSm rufavmufp&m &SmrawG.oGm;wm tJ'Dvlaygh qdkjyD;
uReffawmftavmif;udk vufnSdK;xdk;jyMuyg/
[m uReffawmfawmh...../
awav
73
74
oa0xdk;[a&atmufujrpf a[h
acsmifxdk;xm;aom acsmifxJu acsmifaejcif;rsm;
a[h? trSefw&m;
vlwdkif;&JUyg;pyfzsm;ukd rif;a&mufcJhw,fr[kwfvm;
rdrdukd,frdrd ESdyfcsjcif;[m
tvG,fulqHk;aom vlxifMuD;atmifjyKvkyfenf;qdkwm rif;a&miga&modw,f/
tJ'Da*[pepfudk emrnfay;&if ]]udk,f*kPfudk,fazmf rolawmf}} aygh
pum;rpyf todOmPf&JU twGif;om; vSkdufzdkawGxJ
bm&Sdvnf;odvm;/
qifjcifwHkw&m;awG (odkY)a&SUdk;pGJ tawG;tac:awG(odkY)tvm;wljzpf&yfawG
jzpf&yfawGwlcJhMuvkd. &yfypfvkdufwJhvm;&mawG
trSwfwrJhawG rJh oGm;wJh umv

trSwfw&awG & cJhwJh umv
wkwfxkd;tdk;aygufajymwufwJh igh&Jh.udk,fusifhw&m; b,fa&mufoGm;vnf;

q,fhukd;ESpfqdkwJh tcsdefpnf;u wdkufpm;oGm;wmvm;
teufa&mifEGHxJ uRefawmfpdwfawGwdk;0if? 0ifwdk;epfjrKyf aysmf&Tif
tjzLa&mifxuf teufa&mifu ydkaysmfzdkYaumif;w,fqdkwmodvm;
cifAsm;jzLpifyg/
dk;om;jzLpifpGm cifAsm;wufMuGaysmf&Tifyg/
teufa&mif aysmf&Tifjcif;awG uRefawmfcifAsm;qD cGJray;edkifbl;Asm/
olûReffawmfrSmy&dowfqdkwm&SdvdkYvm;)
uReffawmftwGuf pwkwajrmuf ta&;MuD;qHk;u ]]tw}}
bmoma&; rMunfndKolawGudk cifAsm;tHMoaevm;

tJ'gqdk&if uRefawmfudkw&m;pGJyg? cHk&Hk;wifyg/
a[h? avmifZl q&mMuD; ajymwJh obm0w&m;aemuf uRefawmfvdkufcJhr,f/
bmomw&m;taMumif; tvG,fulqHk; avhvmzdkY aqhmzf0Jwpfcsyf uRefawmfa&;xm;ygw,f/
]]eD;pyf&m tacGa&mif;qdkifwdkif;wGif tacGvGwfwpfcsyf0,f,l
em,ledkifMuygaMumif;}}
uReffawmftvkyfu vlemapmifhyg
0ifvmrqJ woJoJ wpf&mwef tjyJawGudk apmifha&Smuf&ygw,f/
jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;vkyfief;awGtwGuf uReffawmfrSm wdyfacGMuD;MuD;wpfacG(ukoa&; û,fq,fa&;
ypnf;)
&Sdygw,f/
a[h? uaygufwduaygufcsm ighuAsmxJ rif;bmvmvkyfwmvnf;uG/

awav
]]tpfukdtwGuf ta&;tMuD;qHk;tcsufawGu bm(rsm;)jzpfrvJ cifAs}}

uReffawmftwGuf eHygwf(1) ta&;MuD;qHk;u ]] tEkynm}} (vdrfwm)
uReffawmftwGuf eHygwf(2) ta&;MuD;qHk;u ]] tar}} (eHygwfpOf rSm;wyfjyD xifw,f)
uReffawmftwGuf wwd,ajrmuf ta&;MuD;qHk;u ]] uReffawmhfy&dowf}} (y&dowf?
b,fuy&dowfvnf;
(eHygwfpOf (1) odkY a&TYay;MuygcifAsm)
tkyfawGvnf; r&Sd? ta&mifawGvnf; r&Sd? cHpm;yg ('gayr,fh) cHpm;yg

tMum;tm&HktwGuf tJ'gudk a&'D,dkvdkY ac:w,f/
a&awG,dk pD;vmwJh pD;wD;tufzftefvnf; ikyfwkyfarhcsifjyD xif&Jh
]]tJ'gawmh? cifAsm;pDyGm;ysufuyf yGm;pD;&SifoefvmwmeJY bmrSrqdkifbl;xifw,f? rvGef (usL;)vmeJY }}
0ifoGm;jyD; jyefxGufvdkYr&wJh vlMuD;wpfa,muf&Jh cEmudk,fxJu ]]tw}}

uav;wpfa,mufqD tpGef;(a&muf)pGefqdk;(oGrf;) 0ifa&muf
owd......
twA[dkjyK rkefwdkif;rsm; ae&mqufjcm; arTaESmuf/arTaemuf wdkufcwfaeaMumif;
(jyif;tm;rsm;uGmjcm;Edkif)
rkefwdkif;wdkufcwfpOf (pdwf)? ajrjyif (cEmudk,f) wpfem&DavwdkufEIef; ..........
av;vHaejyD tvHav;wpfcktwGuf OD;nTwfcJh&wJh OD;acgif;awG
zsufceJY wvufvuf wpfcPtwGif; ceJYwJhwJh (,dkifEGJU) txmeJY rD;jzwfoGm;w,f/
bmoDcsif;rS em;axmifcsifpdwfr&SdwJhtcg udk,fudkudk,f jyefem;axmifw,f

rdwfaqG.... oifh&JhtoHudk oifb,fvdkMum;vJ
uReffawmf&Jh toHudk uReffawmfb,fvdk Mum;vJ (vJoGm;jyD) (ypfacG)
tckqdk cP cP eif ighudk
t&rf;0w,fajymr,f ( The Ants)
bm0wmvnf;? bm0=? bmudkqdkvdkwmvnf;
uReffawmfuawmh uReffawmfudk,fuReffawmf vlyg;0vmw,fyJ jrifw,f/
[kdae.uqdk udk,fhpum;vHk;awGeJY udk,f&efjzpfpum;rsm;cJh&ao;w,f
b,fwpfvHk; (nm (aompum;) ^wpf vHk;)ydkaumif;rSef;awmif rodbl;/
pD;u&ufAl;cGHtwGif;om;xJu&eHudk &ifbuftwGif;om;xJu&eHeJY aygif;pyfzl;ygovm;
arT;vGef;onf[k rxifrdygu aq;vdyfraomufygESifh
oifhtm; opmazmuf tjzpfum;(armif;&ef) pif(jy&ef) wif&ayrnf/

75
76
uReffawmf vlom;
usGefawmfudk pum;vmajymwJh vlwpfa,muf
olYrsufESmu [efaqmifrIawGeJY
olYrsufvHk;awGu bmukdaMumufvkd.aMumufrSef;rod/
usGefawmfeJY pum;ajymzl;wJh vltrsm;
olwdkY.rsufESmu [efaqmifrIawGeJY
olYwdkYrsufvHk;awGu bmukdaMumufvkd.aMumufrSef;rod/
pum;ajymwufwJhvlwdkif;
olYrsufESmu [efaqmifrIawGeJY
olYrsufvHk;awGu bmukdaMumufvkd.aMumufrSef;rod/
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85

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