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35
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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uGif;tuGif; usif;csdKifhBuD;rsm;jzpf\/ apmapmu toHxGufvm
aom tajrmuftdkBuD;ESpfvufwdkYonf NydKvJvsufSdaeavNyD . . .
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tdkBuD;rsm;udk ykGufqdwfrsm;0dkif;tHkaeMubdodkY tvGefrdkufrJpGm
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ae\/ xdkvlBuD;udk xD;rdk;ay;ae&aom oluaomfrQ ,ckavmuf
36
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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awGudk xdatmifypfprf; . . . }}
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csif; aoewfoHawG xGufvm\/ rarQmfvifhxm;aom Mum;&
csufjzpf\/
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37
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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cdkufvmNyDjzpfaMumif; aemufoabFmrSod&ef OMorIwf\/ wpf
NydKifwnf;vdkvdkyif aemufoabFmuvnf; tvm;wl OMorIwf\/
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aumifawG a&mufvmMuygvdrfh . . . }}
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wufvmonfh toHawGudk Mum;&\/
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ESifh&ifqdkif&ef tmHkjyKxm;\/ aoewfESpfvufudk wif;wif;qkyf
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38
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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39
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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}}
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wdkYoabFmu wdkufjrKyfvdkufaomavSay:rS tdkif;aumifrsm; jzpf
Mu\/
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40
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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odkY ta&mufajy; cg;udkayGYum &ifudkcGJcsvdkufNyD;rS twlwla&m
aESmvJusonfqdk\/
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41
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42
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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usnfawmifhrsm;udk toHk;jyKaomaMumifh ArmtajrmufwdkYxuf t
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av;vuf? weoFm&DppfoabFmay: tajrmufajcmufq,f? tm;
vHk;aygif; ajcmufq,fhav;vufjzpf\/
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av;rsm; tpSdonfh tm;vHk;wkdYonf axmif;axmif;nufnuf
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43
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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onfudk Munhfvdkjrifvdkaom vif;bwfonf rdrdwdkYtajrmuf
wyfom;rsm;bufodkY vufumvdkuf\/
tawmfBuD;MumrS urf;yg; rD;cdk;zHkrIefYSif;\/ Icif;onf
rsufvSnhfjyvkdufbdodkY csufcsif;ajymif;vJoGm;\/ cyfapmapmu
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xdk;axmifaxmif rif;rlaeMu\/ tcsKdUaomae&mwdkYwGif tdrf
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44
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yifaom t&m0wKwpfckudk 0dkif;tHko,frvmMu\/ oif;wdkYudk
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apmifhMunfh\/
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45
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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t&omSdvS\/ vif;bwfonf toufrIyJ pdwfaZmBuD;pGmjzifh
46
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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wdkY\ tajrmufBuD;atmuf r&IrvSydaeMu\/
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apmapmu vlrsm;enf;wl tajrmuftdkBuD;udk 0dkif;0ef;xrf;xm;
47
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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Mu\/
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rsm;rypfao;yJ &yfxm;&ef trdefYay;ckdif;\/ xdkYaemuf rsufjcnf
jywfrcHbJ qdyfurf;Sd&modkY qufMunfh\/
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,rf;rIefYrsm; avmif;xnfholuavmif;xnfh\/ wkwfjzifh xdk;ol
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xmif;Bu\/
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48
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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ajrmufajymif;0udk ESdrfhjcif;jrifhjcif;? b,fnmaTUjcif; ponfwdkYudk
jyKvkyfaeMu\/ cdkif;olonf rdrdoabmus &SdonfESifh rD;pwpf
pudk udkifum peufwHudk udk,fwdkifrD;IdU\/
tajrmufBuD;\ aSUaemuf ab;ywfywfvnfwdkY csufcsif;
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49
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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vnf; teD;tem;wGif vGifhpifvJNydKaeMu&mrS xvmEdkifonfudk
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csufcsif; arhavsmhum ratmifhEdkifrqnfEdkif NyHK;rd\/
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um;um;Sdonfh vlBuD;onf wpfpHkwpf&mudktrdefYay;vsuf ukef;
jrifhjrifhwpfae&mudk nTefjy\/
50
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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av;yifaomt&mwpfckudk o,frvm[efSdaom b,fu

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pwpfp ay:vm\/ vJNydKaeaom usefao;onfh tajrmuf
wpfvkH;udk o,fr vmMujcif;jzpf\/
]]onftdkif;aumifawG oif;wdkY[moif;wdkY i&JoGm;zdkYvkyfae
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ywfvnfeJU urf;pyfatmufajcudk tajrmufeJU ypfxnfhvdkufMu
prf; . . . oif;wdkYudk rxdapeJU . . . }}
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\/ azgufpfoabFmay:ygaom tajrmufav;vufvHk;u 0dkif;
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vif;bwfonf rdrdwdkY\tajrmufwyfzGJYudk typf&yfapvsuf
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51
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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wnfhwnfhwD;xnfhvdkufMuprf; . . . }}
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,lvsuf 2 csufypfcsvdkuf\/ 2 csufvHk; wnfhwnfhrwfrwf xd
rSefaomaMumifh
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tm;vHk;vdkvdk
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csDMu\/
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rdrdOD;acgif;wGif &pfywfxm;onfh y0gpudkjzKwf rdrd&ifokdYpnf;
52
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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\/ xdkYaemuf rdrdvlrsm;Sd&modkY vSrf;Munhf\/

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55
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56
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57
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58
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59
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64
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69
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70
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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71
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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awmfawmfMum rif;vdkvlaMumufuav;awG arG;vm&if b,fES,fh
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wGif vufa0SYorm;BuD;u umvom;aygufuav;udk t
rJzsufEdkif&ef taMumif;tcsufay:vmojzifh usm;NyHK; NyHK;vdkuf
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72
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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&ifeDe,fpyftxd ArmwdkYu ukvm;jzLwdkYudkay;vdkuf&onfqdk\/
,if;okdY ay;vdkufygonfqdkaompmcsKyfudk ukvm;em&D (24)
em&DtwGif; ArmwdkYu vufrSwfxdk;&rnf/ vufrSwfrxdk;vQif A
rmEdkifiHwpfckvHk;udk wdkufodrf;vsuf ArmxD;eef;udkyg zsufypf
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73
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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'kwd,ppfyGJBuD;wkef;u
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jzLawGodatmif taMumif;jyvdkufEdkifMuwJh olwdkYwawGaygharmif
&,f . . . olwdkY . . . olwdkY . . .
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awGxJrSm rygayr,fh ukvm;jzLawG&JU tcsdKUrSwfwrf;awGrSmawmh
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74
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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qufvufajymwwfMu\/ xdkYaemuf rsufvHk; rsuf&nfrsm; &pf

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\/
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wufwwfMu\/
olwdkY . . . raoMuaom ]olwdkY . . . } teuf . . .
75
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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t*Fvdyf-Arm 'kwd,ppfyGJ jzpfvkvktcsdefavmufqDu [H

om0wD&efukefNrdKUonf tdrfajcenf;vS\/ NrdKUuGufusOf;\/ NrdKU
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Gmi,fSd\/
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wHigGmi,fSd\/ yudk;rSvmonfh ukefa&mif;0,favSrsm;qdkuf
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pGef;taSUpl;pl;jrpfurf; ukvm;jzLwdkY&yfuGufESifh bk&m;i,fwpf
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ajrmufbufpl;pl; ql;avukef;ESifh ql;avapwDSd\/ NrdKU\
awmifbuf jrpfwpfzufurf; 'vGmi,fSd\/ NrdKU\ajrmuf
buf BuD;rm;xlxyfaom yifapmufopfawmBuD;Sd\/ xdkopf
awmBuD;twGif; taemuf,Gef;,Gef;wGif A[ef;Gmi,fESifh od*Fkw
&ukef;Sd\/ xdkukef;ay: Armjynf\ tausmfMum;qHk;aom aT
wd*HkapwDawmfSdonf/
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77
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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yif0g;yifBuD;rsm;atmuf Gufykef;oD;rSnfhaeaom opfoD;uJhodkY

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ukefpnfo,fzdkYtwGuf
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aom vrf;us,fBuD;rsm;ay: ukefonfrsm;? c&D;a0;rS aps;0,f
vmMuolrsm;? ArmjynfrSDckdaexdkifMuaom EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;?
rif;rIxrf;rsm;? xdkolwdkY\jrif;rsm;? ukefwifvSnf;BuD;rsm; ponf
wdkYonf &ufaeaom &ufuef;piftwGif;Sd vGef;rsm;uJhodkY vl;
vmwkHYacgufoGm;aeMu\/
jrpfqdyfvnf; ukvm;jzLwdkY\oabFmrsm;? ,Gef;wdkY\o
abFmrsm;? b0Sifrif;w&m;BuD;\oabFmrsm;? EdkifiHawmfSd ukef
onfolaX;wdkY\oabFmrsm;? a&;? Nrdwf? xm;0,f? weoFm&DoGm;
oabFmrsm;? ykodrfajrmif;jroGm; oabFmrsm;? ydef;aumBuD;rsm;?
avmif;udkBuD;rsm;? xef;ygavSBuD;rsm;\ Gufwdkifrsm; ponfwdkY
78
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
&efukefbaqG
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rus,f0ef;aomfvnf; aejynfawmfxufyif ta&mif;t0,f pnf
um;onf? at;csrf;om,monf? yifv,fESifheD;aomaMumifh &m
oDOwknDrQonf[k qdkEdkif\/
odkYaomf vGefcJhonfhwpfywfcefYtwGif; &efukefjrpfxJodkY0if
vmonfh ukvm;jzLoabFmwdkYonf ArmwdkYu ay;tyfvmonfh
0ifcGifhtrdefYudk todtrSwfrjyKr,lyJ jiif;qef ArmwdkYu wm;
qD;ypfcwfMuaomtcg ArmtaumufqdyfwpfckvHk;udk jymyHkajr
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wif;0ifa&mufqdkuf&yf\/
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79
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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ydwfMu rMumrMumjzpf\/
vlawGom vefYonfr[kwf? usD;awGuvnf; cPcPNydK\/
vrf;ay: vloluif;Sif;vsuf vrf;ab;0J,mSd 0if;wHcg;rsm;
tm;vHk;ydwfxm;Mu\/ 0if;wHcg;twGif; vSef;xm;onfh xrif;
ajcmufzsmrsm; tdrfwdkif;vdkvdkawGY&\/
xrif;ajcmufzsmwdkY\ab; xrif;ajcmufodrf;jcif;? topf
vSef;jcif;? arTjcif; ponfwdkYudk jyKvkyfaeMuonfh tdrfolrdef;r
BuD;wpfa,mufESpfa,mufwdkYudkvnf; tdrfwdkif;tdrfwdkif;\ 0if;
wdkYawGUMu&\/ tcsdKUaomtdrfab; tdrfaSUujyifponfwdkY
jrm;wHoyfaeaom a,mufsm;? vSHtdk;wyfaeaom a,mufsm;?
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[Hom0wD&efukefNrdKUolNrdKUom;rsm;onf vrf;ray:oGm;vm
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80
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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vsuf wHcg;wpfGufrQom vSyfxm;Mu\/
vGefcJhonf oHk;av;&uftwGif;url vrf;ay: rQvlol r
Sif;ao;? &efukefNrdKUSd Arm? ukvm;? wkwfukefonf tenf;
pkwdkYonf qdkufuyfvmonfh ukvm;jzLoabFmESifh ukefpnfcsif;
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ay: vSnf;rsm;? jrif;rsm; O'[dkoGm;qJSdao;\/
tjcm;aom trsm;pkjzpfMuonfh Arm? ukvm;? wkwfwdkYu
Armqdyfurf;udk tEdkiftxuf twif;0ifa&mufqdkufuyfaom
ppfoabFmrSygvmonfh ukefpnfrsm;udk ta&mif;t0,fvnf; r
jyK? ukvm;jzLwdkYudkvnf; rqufqHyJaeMu\/ xdkYaMumifh t
a&mif;t0,fjyKolwdkYtzdkY tNydKifvk,uf0,f,la&mif;csrnfholrsm;
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81
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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okdYjyKonfudk [Hom0wD&efukefNrdKUom;wdkYESifh ukefonft
rsm;pkwdkYu aemufajymifjyuf&,fjyKMu\/ IHUcsjypfwifMu\/ ]]rd
rdwdkY wpftdk;wpftdrfaxmif aumif;pm;a&;udkom Munfhaom
rsdK;zsufrsm;? olcdk;udk "m;dk;urf;onfh opmazmufrsKd;zsufrsm;? 'g
avmuf aMu;aiGpHkrufvQif eifwdkYorD;rsm;? ESrrsm;? r,m;rsm;?
ratrsm;udk ukvm;jzLoabFmSd&modkY oGm;ydkYMu . . . }} [k qJa&;
&efpMu\/
xdkYaMumifh cdkuf&efjzpfyGm;Muojzifh [Hom0wD&efukefNrdKUudk
acwtkyfcsKyfae&aom a&0efrif;BuD;u Armbk&ifydkifeuf rSDcdk
aexdkifoltm;vHk; ukvm;jzLwdkYESifh qufqHrIrjyK&? ukvm;jzLo
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82
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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aygif; ukvm;jzLoabFmtkyf uGefrif'dkvif;bwfudkwdkif\/
wGif uGefrif'dkvif;bwfu [Hom0wD&efukefudk acwtkyf
csKyfae&aom a&0efrif;BuD;qDodkY ukvm;jzLpum;jyef tuf'Gyfudk
apvTwf ,if;trdefYudk csufjcif;kwfodrf;ay;&rnf[k awmif;
qdk\/
ta&;onf ukvm;jzLwdkYu taMumif;Smvsuf taumuf
awmfqdyfurf;udk ajrvSefypfouJhodkY &efukefwpfNrdKUvHk;udk t
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vufeuf bmrQtoifhrSdao;/
83
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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0ifxGufqufqHMuonfh ukefonfwdkYudk tjcm;rauseyfolwdkYu
ajymqdkaemufajymif&efpMu&mrS ukvm;jzLwdkYyg0ifvmvsuf uk
vm;jzLESifh ArmwdkY tcsif;jzpfyGm;EdkifaomaMumifh . . . ]]ukvm;
jzLwdkYESifh qufqHa&mif;0,fonfh ukefonfwdkYudk aemufajymif
&efpjcif;rjyK& . . . }} [k trdefYxkwf&ao;\/
wGif ukvm;jzLwdkYESifh a&mif;0,fqufqHMuonfh Arm? uk
vm;? wkwfukefonfwdkYonf ab;vlwdkY rsufpdaemufatmif
axmifaxmifvTm;vTm;vkyfvmMu\/ vrf;rBuD;ay: ukvm;jzL
wdkYESifh wGJwGJ wGJwGJ vkyfjyMu\/ ukefpnfvSnf;BuD;rsm;ab;u
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Mu\/
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84
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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jzLwdkYESihfvnf; taygif;rsm;\/ uif;udwf oifMum;ay;aom
aMumifh ukvm;jzLpum;vnf; aumif;pGmwwf\/
xdkYaMumifh tcGifhaumif;BuHKBudKufwkef; ukvm;jzLoabFmt
xnf tawmfrsm;rsm;udk tjcm;ukvm;wkwfwdkYESifh tNydKif0,f
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ukvm;jzLukefonfESifhwuG ukvm;jzLAdkvfi,frsm;? ukvm;jzLppf
om;rsm;? ukvm;jzLbkef;BuD;uif;udwfponfwdkYudk npmauR;arG;
&ef wpfygwnf; ac:aqmifvm\/
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85
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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ndKacsmuav; ESpfaumifuaom vSnf;,OfwpfpD;? EGm;jzLodk;
ESpfaumifuaom vSnf;,OfwpfpD;ESifh jrif;q,faumifSd\/
vSnf;,OfoHk;pD;ay: vufeufudkif ukvm;jzLppfom;rsm;?
ukvm;jzLwdkif;jynfjzpf 0DpuD? b&ef'Dt&ufrsm; SdMu\/ vSnf;
,OfwdkYaSU ukvm;jzLbkef;BuD;uif;udwf? ukvm;jzLukefonfvl
i,f? ukvm;jzLAdkvfi,frsm;ESifh npmpm;zdwfolrsKd;rif;wdkY jrif;
udk,fpDpD;vsuf toifhSdaeMu\/
rsKd;rif;wdkYonf oabFmqdyfurf;rS xGufoGm;Mu&m Munfh
jrifwdkifGmi,fodkY wef;wef;rwfrwf roGm;Mu? jrif;q,faumif?
vSnf;oHk;pD;? ukefpnfvSnf;aygif;ig;q,fjzifh [Hom0wD&efukef
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wdkif vSnhfywfvdkufao;\/
86
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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uif;udwfrSwpfyg; rsKd;rif;onfvnf;aumif;? ukvm;jzLwdkY

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jrif;rsm;ay:rS atmfBuD;[pfus,f pum;ajymMu\/ opfyifrsm;t
Mum; yJhwifoHdkufcwfusef&pfatmif w[m;[m; w0g;0g;&,f
Mu\/ [Hom0wD&efukefNrdKUwpfckvHk; oif;wdkYtoH\ yJhwifoH
rsm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? oif;wdkYvSnf;rsm;aMumifh xaom zkHwdkYjzifh
vnf;aumif; zHk;vTrf;usef&pfcJh\/ oif;wdkYurl MunfhjrifwdkifGm
i,fodkY oGm;&mvrf;Sdonfh NrdKUtaemufbuf o&ufawmtkyf
BuD;xJodkY 0ifoGm;Mu\/
rsKd;rif;wdkY o&ufawmBuD;twGif;odkY 0ifoGm;Muonfhtcsdef
onf MuufpmauR;csdef aecsKdHkrQSdao;\/ aevHk;us EGm;dkif;
oGif;csdefa&mufonfESifh [Hom0wD&efukefESifhwuG teD;tyg; Gm
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\/
87
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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156
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173
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179
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180
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192
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193
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194
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201
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203
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204
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206
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207
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208
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209
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377
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378
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0ef;&HBunfhaeBuaom r@yfwdkYtxJrS rif;om;pdk;om;? rI;
om;rwfom;ESifh tvSNyaeBuukefaom eef;awmfolorD;unm&
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379
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380
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381
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382
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383
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384
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385
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386
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387
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388
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389
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390
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391
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392
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393
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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394
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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395
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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396
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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397
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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398
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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pkduf\/
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399
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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400
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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vnfvdkuf . . .
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NynfatmufGmodkY xGufcGmvmcJh\/
401
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
&efukefbaqG
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NrJwap &if arGYxm;&ayvdrfhrnf/
402
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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403
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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apmufusoGm;\/
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404
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
&efukefbaqG
tkyfSd&modkY Nrif;udktNyif;ESif\/ vufa0SYawmftbBuD;u vSrf;

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SdvS\/ aqGqufESifhtazmfwpfpkudk &mZ0wfawmfusL;vGefolrsm;
[k zrf;rnfqD;rnfwuJuJNyK\/
405
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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406
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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vkyfaeBuwJh wpfzdkYxJorm;awG . . . 'DrSm . . . eifwkdYudk 'dkYw
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a&mufvm\/ xdkNrif;tkyfBuD;xJ aoG;aomufBuD;\wyfrSL;yg
yg vm\/
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aNymqdk\/ wyfrI;onf aoG;aomufBuD;udk aNcaxmufESifhuef
vdkuf\/
407
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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408
NrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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