a':

cif}uD;
a':cif
1939 -40 Armjynfw0Srf;vHk; a&eHajroydwf/
ausmif ; om;oyd w f w k d @ rS }uD ; us,f v maom ocif r sm;
acwfxcsdefu usronf q&mjzpfoifaumvdyfausmif;Y
q&mjzpfoifwef; wufaeolwOD;jzpfcJhonf? xkdtcgu
Ekid if aH &;[laom pum;vH;k . t"dym` ,fudk Si;f vif;jywf om;
pGm rodem;rvnfcyhJ g? Ekid if aH &;orm; ocifrsm;ukd vla[mh&rf;
vlaomif;=urf;rsm; taejzifh txif tjrifao;cJhonf?
qef;=u,fwmuawmh 'DtcsdeftcgrSmbJ usr
onf ocifaygufp EkdifiHa&;orm;wa,mufESifh arwWm
ouf0if cspfcifcho
J nf?
olum;rnfolenf;? 1938-ckESpf/ a&eHajr
oyd w f / ausmif ; om;oyd w f w k d @ Y emrnf } uD ; cJ h a om
axmifxGuf ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif ukdA[def;yif jzpfchJ.?
olonf usrwkd@tdrfESifh rsufESmcsif;qkdif/ usr
ta':ykdif ESpfxyftdrfuav;Y ol@nDrsm;ESifhvma&muf
iSm;&rf;aecJo
h nf? xkt
d csed u
f olonf aumvdyaf usmif;om;
wa,mufjzpfaeavonf?
olESifcifrif&if;ESD;vmaomtcg ol.wnf+idrfI
jrifhjrwfaom pdwfxm;/ ,Ofaus;odrfarG@aom tajymtqkd
trlt&m rsm;udk jrif&ojzifh 'DEkdifiHa&;orm;uawmh
tqef;bJvkd@ atmufarhrdchJonf?
ol.kyf&nfum; El;nHhaysmhaysmif;.? okd@aomf
yifeDzsif=urf;tay:tus/ ykqkd;'l;zHk;/ ykodrfxD; csdKif;=um;
nyfum ol@ukd jrif&wkdif; &ifav;rdonf? wnaerSm olESifh
usrwk d @ q&mjzpf o if a usmif ; {nf h c ef ; Y aS @ aea&;

xkdifa&;rsm;ukd aqG;aEG;wkdifyifcJh=u.? 'DtcgwkHk;u usr

oli,fcsif;rsm;u eifawmhEkdifiHa&;orm; ,l&if r=umcif
yifeDtus0wf&rSmbJvkd@ ajymqdkchJao;onf? 'Dawmh usru
ukd,fht0wftpm;ukd csKyfcs,fvkd@bm&rvJvkd@ jyefajym
vku
d w
f ,f? 'Dta=umif;ukd ol@uadk jymjyvku
d yf gonf? olvnf;
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vScsiw
f m wjcm;pDygv@kd tajzay;onft
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tawmfoabmusrdonf?
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awmh wkdif;jynfeJ@ vlrsdK;twGuf woufywfvHk; }udK;yrf;
aqmifGufrSmbJ[laompum;yif jzpfygonf? usrESifh
ywfoufI ol@cspfZeD;taeESifh ol@vkyfief;rsm;ukd ukd,fxd
vufa&muf rulnED idk af pumrl ol@tvkyu
f dk taESmifh t,Suf
ray;v#if a=ueyfygrnf[k ajymygonf?
EkdifiHa&;pdwf"mwfoGif;ay;cJh.? usrwkd@vufxyf
+yD;I tdrfcGJaecJh=uonfrSm 6 vcef@ SdcJh=uav+yD? usrwkd@
tdrfcGJae=uonfhae@rSpI ol@rdwfaqG 4 - 5 a,mufrSm
usrwk@d EiS t
hf wl vmIae=uonf? tdraf xmifw
h m0efjzpfaom
csujf yKwfau|;arG;&jcif;/ wtdro
f m;vH;k . t0wftpm;rsm;ukd
zGwfav#mfay;&jcif;wkd@jzifh rtm;&ay?
tarmajyaq;? tarmajyaq;rSm tqef;r[kwf
yg? b,fujyefvmvm tdrft0if0rS cifa&ac:vkdufaom
ol@toHESifh ukd,fhrdef;rawmh armae+yDxifw,f? ukd[def;
bmvkyfay;&rvJponfh uk%mESifhjynfh0aom pum;
yifjzpf.?
55

wnaerSm oltdrfodk@apmapm jyefvmonf?

rdwfaqGwa,mufu wtdrfom;vHk;ukd npmau|;rnfh
ta=umif; ajymjy.? 'DnaerSmbJ olESifhusrwkd@ urBmh
tvkyo
f rm;ae@jzpfwhJ ara';pDwef;vSnv
hf nfyo
JG @dk oGm;=u.?
ara';w&m;yGrJ S ara'; b,fuo
hJ @kd jzpfay:vm&yHu
k dk aS;OD;pGm
=um;&.? }uD;rm;aom vlxk}uD;udk awG@jrif&.? trsKd;
om;oDcsif;ukd yxrOD;pGm =um;&bl;.? tvHkyef;+cHrS ykZGef
awmif vdyfuefyef;+cHtxd/ pDwef;vSnfhvnf=u.? xkd
tiftm;jyyGYJ olEiS u
hf sr vufwyJG gc&hJ .? vrf;wav#mufv;kH
[pfatmfau;a=umf=uaom Zmwdrmef/ ZmwdaoG; wufu
bG,&f maumif;onfh au;a=umforH sm;ukd =um;&ojzifh usr
tzkd@ zdef;ueJSdef;ueJ jzpfoGm;rdawmhonf?
aemufwae@owif;pmrsm;Y ara'; vSnv
hf nfyJG
okd@ yg0ifonfh wOD;wnf;aom trsKd;orD;rSm ocifA[def;.
ZeD;jzpfonf[k ygSdvmavonf? 4if;owif;ukd rdbawG
awG@SdI usrukd qJa&;}udrf;armif;=uawmh.?
tcgwkdif; t}udrf;tarmif;cH&onfhtcg rsuf&nf
w0J0Jjzpfwwfaom usrtbkd@ Tt}udrf rnfokd@r# rwkef
v_yfawmh ay?
tuJ h & J @ S d u tcsD ; rG r f ; S d . ? csD ; r$ r f ; onf h o l r S m
tjcm;olr[kwfbJ usrcspfvifyifjzpf.? vl}uD;rdbrsm;
t}udrf;tarmif;ukd cHEkdif&nfSdjcif;ESifh ara';vSnfhvnfyrJG Sm
vku
d yf gvmaom trsK;d orD;rSm ukAd [de;f ZeD;bJqw
dk mukad wmh
*k%f,lrdw,f[k ajym.?
cifa& cifhbkd@ ukd[def;vufaqmifwckawmh 0,f
vmw,f qkad omol@toHudk a&csK;d cef;rS t0wfav#maf e&if;
=um;&.? usrifxifwmuawmh usr}udKufwwfaom tpm;
rsm;vm;/ 'grSr[kwf&if usrESpfoufaom t0wftpm;
rsm;vm; [kxifrd.? okd@aomf ol@vufaqmifum;
usrtawG;ESifhvHk;0roufqkdif?
vufaqmifaumif;rSm qkAd ,
D uf trsKd ;orD;rsm;.
wkdif;a&;jynfa&; aqmifGufchJ=uyHkrsm;ukd a&;om;xm;onfh
(Soviet Women)ac: *sme,fwapmifjzpf.? *sme,fukd
ol E S i f h usrtwl w G J b wf . ? ol u tcsKd @ ae&mrsm;uk d
tus,fcsJ@I Sif;jy.? bwf+yD;v#if bmomjyefbkd@ ajym.?
bmomjyef+yD; paee*g;eD *sme,fY xnfhay;cJh.?
wqif h w uf j yef + yD ? 1941- ck E S p f trsKd ; om;
atmifyaJG e@ txdr;f trSwf w&m;yGu
J dk ykZeG af wmif jrLeDpyg,f
ausmif;Y usif;yjyKvkyfonf? usrcspfvif ukdA[def;onf
56

usrukd trsK;d om;atmifyaJG e@ w&m;yGYJ qkAd ,

D uf trsK;d orD;
rsm;. trsdK;om;a&;}udK;yrf;r_rsm;ukd ta[mckdif;cJh.?
olckdif;onfhtwGuf usrvnf; a[mcJh&.? uHaumif;wm
uawmh 'Dtcg usrvnf; ra[mwwfrajymwwf? usr
pum;ajymbkd@ tvSnfhusrS toHcsJ@puf ysufoGm;I usr
a[majymwJt
h xJrmS tqDtai: rwnfah om a[majymcsuf
rsm;ukd y&dowfr=um;&ay? okd@aomf usrcspfvifum;
tawmfoabmusv#uf SdaecJhonf?
ocifr rcif}uD;? rsm;r=umrD ajreDukef; 'kd@Arm
tpnf;tHk;OuU ocifA[kefxH ESpfa,muftwloGm;I
ydkufqHSpfyJay;=uum 'kd@Armtpnf;tHk;0if tjzpf oGif;cJh
onf? xkad e@rpS I ocifA[de;f .ZeD; ocifr rcif}uD; jzpfvm
avawmhonf?
1941-ck/ Oa&mywcGiYf 'kw,
d urBmppfr;D }uD;um;
tSdefjyif;pGmawmufavmifvsuf Sdav+yD? taS@tmSrSm
vnf; e,fcsJ@zufqpf*syefwkd@ ArmjynfwGif;odk@ 0ifa&muf
vm=u&ef ajcvSrf;wjyifjyif Sdae=ucsdef jzpfavonf?
ukAd [de;f ESit
hf azmfwpkrmS e,fcs@J tE &W m,frsm;ukd
wGef;vSef+zdKzsuf=u&eftwGuf jynfol@ta&;awmfyHkpmwrf;/
rD;yGm; pmapmif/ ArmhawmfvSefa&;pmwrf;rsm;udk ae@rtm;
nrtm;atmifyif v#K@d 0u
S pf mG xkwaf 0 cJ=h uavonf? usrrSm
olwdk@vkyfief; rsm;twGuf ywf0ef;usifrS tapmifhtaSmuf
tultnD ay;cJh&onf?
t*Fvdyftpdk;&onf ArmjynfSdEkdifiHa&; acgif;
aqmif[lor#udk ykdufpdyfwkdufzrf;qD; aeayonf?
usrrSm 'Dtcsdefu tdrfaemufaz;Sd pdef@Aifqifh
ausmif;Y tvkyfvufcHxm;+yD;jzpfavonf? ae@cif;tcsdef
rsm;Y ol v nf ; ol @ vk y f i ef ; S d & mod k @ oG m ;I usrvnf ;
ausmif;wufaecJh&avonf?
iSufqkd;xkd;oH? wae@aomeHeufcif;Y ol@rdwfaqG
rsm;vmar;v#if bke;f }uD;ausmif;rSm Sad =umif; ajym&efrmS cJ+h yD;
xGuo
f mG ;avonf? n 6 em&Dx;dk aomfvnf; olay:rvmay?
n 11 em&D t csd e f wH c g;acguf o H = um;&I
zGifhay;vkduf.? ol@ukdrawG@&? ukdwifjr(,cktvHeD)ukdom
awG@&.? ukw
d if jruyif ukAd [de;f ukd tckbJ vrf;xdyt
f 0ifrmS
ykvdyfawGu zrf;oGm;+yD[k ajym.? usrrSm wkefv_yfoGm;
av.?
iSufqkd;xkd;oH =um;vkduf&ouJhokd@yif jzpf.? ol
vkyfaeaomtvkyfrsm;rSm axmifE_wfcrf;avsmufaeaom

tvkyjf zpf I wae@'v

D rf;ukad &mufrmS bJ qkw
d mukd tpuyif
}udKwifajymjyxm;I ,ck=um;&jcif;rSm tqef;r[kwf?
okd@aomfxdkowif; =um;ptcsdefY kwfcsif; a=umifoGm;rd.?
rsufaphjymoGm;.? vufESpfbufrSm tvkdvkdem;ESpfbufudk
ydwfvkdufrd.? b,fac:oGm;vJ? b,fvkdtdyf&rvJ? b,fvkd
pm;&rvJ? b,fawmhvGwfrSmvJ ponfjzifh vJaygif; ajrmuf
jrm;pGmaom ar;cGef;aygif; acgif;xJokd@ tpDt&D 0ifvm=u
awmh.?
aemufwae@ yef;qkd;wef; tcsKyfcef;okd@ awG@&ef
oGm;.? awG@cGifhr&cJh? 4 - 5 &uft=umrSm armfv+rdKif
axmifokd@ ykd@vkduf+yD[k =um;od&.?
armfv+rdKifaxmifokd@ wvtwGif; 2 acgufoGm;I
awG@&.? awG@wkdif;awG@wkdif; olut+yHK;rysuf/ usrukdyif
tm;ay;um; ajymazmf&ao;.? usrtbkd@ [efvkyfIrS r+yHK;
Ekdif? olwpdrf;awGaS@rSm rsuf&nfrusrdatmif renf; tm;cJ
xm;&.?
olaxmifus+yD; wvausmfavmufrSm *syefu
t*Fvyd u
f dk ppfausnmav&m/ taS@tmSppfr;D pwifavmif
vmcJhav awmhonf?
usrwkd@tdrfom;tm;vHk; txufArmjynfokd@
ajymif;a$@ch=J u&.? ol@xHrS om,m0wDaxmifokd@ a&mufae
a=umif;ESihf use;f rmpGm rdwaf qGa[mif;rsm;ESit
hf wl aysmaf ysmf
yg;yg;Sda=umif;ukd aemufqHk;pmY ygvm.? xkd@aemufpmay;
pm,l tqufjywf oGm;cJh&.? e,fcs@J pepfrkef;aom pdwfxm;
rsm; ykdrkdjyif;xefvmcJh&awmhonf?
vlqkd;vnf;r[kwf/ olckd; "m;jyvnf;r[kwf/
wkid ;f oljynfom;wk@d ysupf ;D &mysupf ;D a=umif; tE &W ,fjyKaeol
r[kwfaom usrcspfvifukd e,fcsJ@vl,kwfrmrsm;onf
rw&m;csKyfcs,fI vlqkd;rsm;twGufomjzpfaom axmifeH&H
twGif;odk@ oGwfoGif;cJh=u.?
usrwkd@ cspfjcif;udkvnf; cGJcJh=u.? e,fcsJ@orm;
rsm;. ,kwfrmnpfnrf;r_a=umifh toJemcJh.? xkdtcsdefrSpI
touf Siaf eor# igonfe,fcs@J pepfudk +zdKcGi;f &mY toH;k cs&
rnfh vufeufaumif;wck jzpfvmygap[k &nfoefrdcho
J nf?
1942-ckEpS ?f ArmjynfrS t*Fvyd w
f @dk qkwcf mG xGuf
ajy;oGm;=uav+yD? axmifrSvGwfajrmufvmaom usr
cspv
f ifEiS hf jyefawG@&av+yD? wrsK;d om;vH;k zufqpf*syefrsm;.
zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fr_/ rw&m;!Of;yef;r_/ &uf&ufpufpuf ESdyfpuf
r_rsm;ukd tvl;tvdrfhcH=u&awmhonf?

zufqpfpepfonf e,fcsJ@pepf. tazmufjyef

qHk;tqifh jzpfonfhtwkdif; rw&m;ojzifh tEkdifusifh=uum
pkd;rkd;tkyfcsKyf vm=uawmhonf?
Tt}udrf usrcspfvifonf jynfol@vGwfvyfcGifh
rsm;twGuf zufqpfqef@usifa&;vkyfief;rsm; vkyfcJhaomf
aorif;ESifh opPmESH&awmhrnfhta&;ukd awG;rdcJh.? cspfvif
twGuf ylro
d nfEiS hf Ekid if aH &;aqmifu
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cJah wmh.? at;at;csr;f csr;f vkyu
f idk pf m;vkpd w
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ygap[k }udwf+yD;qkawmif;rdchJ.?
olum; +idrfaecJhygovm;? +idrfraecJhyg? olum;
*syeftpdk;&vufxuf EkdifiHjcm;a&;XmeY tvkyfvkyfchJonf?
yxrawmh usrqkawmif;jynf+h yD[k 0rf;ajrmufc.
hJ ? ok@d aomf
usrtxifrsm; ygpifatmif vGcJ hJ&jyefavonf?
wae@aomtcg ol;kH utjyef pmtkyw
f tkyf usr
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cHpm;=u&onfh wkwftrsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf
vHk;yrf;=uaom wkwfrsKd;cspfrsm;ukd zufqpf*syefwkd@u
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avonf?
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qHyif wacsmif;pDqEJG w
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a=umufcref;vdvd ta=umif;t&mrsm;ukd bwfSK&.?
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kd m.? olum; usrteD;Y xkid af e.?
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qH;k atmifbwfyg[k wku
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hf wlwJG bwf&.?
pmtkyfbwfIqHk;oGm;+yD? olbmajymovJ?
ArmjynfrmS ae@pOfEiS t
hf r# zufqpfawG&@J nO;f qJ
owfjzwfr_a=umifh tajrmuftjrm; aoqHk;ae&a=umif;?
trsKd;orD; tajrmuftjrm;rSm zufqpfwkd@. rw&m; apmf
um;r_rsm;ukd cHae&a=umif;? rw&m;aompepfukd wkdufzsuf
ypfEkdifvsif 'Dab;rS vGwfuif;rnf? 'Drw&m;aompepfukd
wkdufzsufrypfEkdif=uvsif 'DpepfatmufrS vGwfajrmuf&ef
vrf;rSda=umif;? 'ga=umifhwrsKd;om;vHk;tay: usa&muf
aeaom pepfqkd;}uD;ukd wkdufzsufypf&efwm0ef0wW&m;
Sda=umif;rsm;ukd pDumywfuHk;ajymjyavonf?
zuf q pf v uf a tmuf r S m vk y f u k d i f a e&onf h
57

vkyif ef;rsm;rSmvnf; v#K@d 0u

S pf mG vkyu
f idk =f u&rnft
h a=umif;?
'Dvkd trsKd;om;a&;twGuf aqmifGufaepOf zuffqpf.
nO;f qJowfjzwfjcif;ukd cHcsicf &H rnfjzpfa=umif;? 'Dvzdk ufqpf
atmufrSm ae=u&I zufqpfawGvufxJ ao=u&apumrl
raumif;aompepfqkd;. jyKrlr_rsm;ukd acgif;iHk@cHae&jcif;xuf
wrsKd;om;vHk; vGwfajrmufa&;vkyfief;rsm; vkyfukdif=u&&if;
aooGm;=u&jcif;u jrwfao;a=umif;? aowm tqef;
r[k w f ? aoab;ud k a jy; aS m if I rvG w f E k d i f ? aowae@
arG;wae@? vlwidk ;f wae@rmS rkcs{uef ao=u&rnft
h a=umif;?
'Dawmh wkdif;jynf. om;aumif;orD;aumif;rsm;taeESifh
usa&mufvmrnfh ab;tE &W m,frsm;ukd jrif=u+yD; aSmifwrd ;f
ae=u&efroifha=umif;ukd ajymjyaeavonf?
ol@vkyfief;um; bGif;bGif;ay:+yD? cspfcifolESifh
auGuGif;ae&jcif;onfvnf; }uD;pGmaom qif;&Jjcif; jzpf
a=umif; em;vnfxm;+yD; jzpfonft
h wkid ;f aotwl Sirf uGm/
ac:&muk d v k d u f / ck d i f ; &mud k v k y f / bmrqk d rwG e f @ rqk w f
vku
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f ? olrsuEf mS um;
odef;xDaygufoxufyif 0rf;omjcif;/ yDwdjzpfjcif;wkd@ESifh
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hf v,lvu
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a&mufSdcJh=uavonf? ocifpdk;a&m tjcm;&Jabmfrsm;yg
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okd@jyefvmcJh=u.?
ajratmif;cJ+h y;D tif*vHk mG u jyefvmI 15 &ufcef@
t=um zufqpf*syefawmfvSefa&;twGuf awmifilckdifokd@
uk d , f azsmuf I xG u f c J h = u.? tcsd e f r S m vuf e uf u k d i f
awmfvSefa&; ra&mufrD (8)vausmfuyif jzpfavonf?
usrwkd@ukd ukdxGef;v_dif/ roef;jrifh[k awmifilckdif &Jabmf
rsm;u od=u.?
usrtrsm;qH;k aexkid &f aoma'orsm;rSm awmifil
ckid /f jzL;+rdK@e,f teD;w0du
k f dS awmGmuav;rsm;Y ukeo
f nf
a&mif aqmifI aexkdif=u&.?
olua&mufonfhae@upI awmfvSefa&; +yD;qHk;
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hf Gm rkid af ygi;f
58

20 ausmf/ &Jabmfrsm;/ v,form;}uD;rsm;ESifhtwl c&D;jyif;

oGm;vm vkyfukdifae&I ol@usef;rma&;rSm xkdtcsdefrSp+yD;
csKd@,Gif;vmawmh.?
befawmifGmY usrwkd@wnf;ckdaexkdifaom tdrf
rSm GmtpGefqHk;Y Sd.? olum; tdrftay:xyfY zl;0g;
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62

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63

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64

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65

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66

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a&mif qkdwmu jrif&olb0iftoJrSm &Jpdwf&rJ mef xufoefap&r,f? t0ga&mifqkdwmu bmom/ omoem/ ynmawG
wkd;wuf ap&r,f? tpdrf;a&mifqkdwmu pyg;qefa&/ a&$/ aiG&wem taxGaxG aygrsm;ap&r,f qkdwhJ &nf&G,fcsufe@J tckvkd
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pm;&if;u vSrf;=unfhvkdufrdw,f?
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tm; &ajymaeygw,f?
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67

&,faewm oDcsif;uvnf; a&$a'gif;vH oDcsif;xJu wykd'fukd xyfcgwvJvJ qkd+yD; uaeawmh aumif;olrsm;ukd u,fwifap&m a'gif;rif;uvm raumif;olrsm;ukd z,f&Sm;rSm tm;vHk; csrf;om
a&$a'gif;vH trnfcvkd@ trsdK;om;orD;wkd@ tm;vHk; r,ap&m wJh?
'kd@jynf &Ekdifp&m - a[h - 'kd@ajr&Ekdifp&m owWdnDnD wnf=unf=uyg csdK;ESdrf=u vlrdsK;jcm;ukdom
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J rd ;f vku
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68

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69

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70

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71

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72

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GmolGmom;awGu olawmf aumif;}uD;[k emrnfay;xm;=ua=umif; a'G;av;. yHkjyifrsm;u qkdonf? tazu tdrfrSm
tdyfavhrSd? tpfukd}uD;u awm ausmif;rSm?
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ppfu b,favmuf=umrnfrod? a'G;av;wk@d Gma&mufprSyif u|eaf wmfw@dk nDtpfudk 3 a,mufukd Sijf yKay;onf?
ti,fq;kH u|eaf wmfu
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73

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f mG ;onf? rkid 0f ufcef@a0;aomGmwGi;f wGif TtoH
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74

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75

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28/ 01/ 2005
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76

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29-11-61

77

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78

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27-3-64

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81

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82

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18 - 1 - 2005

100