IMPACT OF JET ON VANES

OBJECT: To determine the Co-efficient of impact Jet - Vane combination by comparing the actual force with the theoretical force for stationary vanes of different shapes, Viz., Hemi-spherical, Flat plate, Inclined Plate. THEORY: When the jet of water is directed to hit the vane of any particular shape, the force is exerted on it by the fluid in the opposite direction. The amount of force exerted depends on the diameter of jet, shape of vane, fluid density, and flow rate of water. More importantly, it also depends on whether the vane is moving or stationary. In our present case, we are concerned about the force exerted on the stationary vanes. The following are the theoretical formulae for different shapes of vane, based on flow rate. FORMULAE FOR DIFFERENT VANES 1) Hemi - spherical Ft 2) Flat Plate Ft 3) Inclined - Plate Ft = = ( A V2 / g) x Sin 600 = ( A V2 / g) = (2 A V2 / g)

Where, g = A = = V = = Ft = Fa =

9.81 meters / sec2 Area of Jet in m2 Density of water = 1000 Kg/m3 Velocity of Jet in m/sec Angle the deflected jet makes with the axis of the striking jet, in degree = 600 The theoretical force acting parallel to the direction of jet. Actual force developed as indicated by the analog force indicator.

DESCRIPTION: It is a closed circuit water re-circulation systems consisting of sump tank, monoblock pump set, Jet / Vane Chamber, Rota meter for flow rate measurement, direct reading digital force indicator. The water is drawn from the sump tank by monoblock centrifugal pump and delivers it vertically to the nozzle through rotameter. The rotameter is a direct indicating flow rate instrument which gives the discharge in LPM (litres per minute) which is determined by the top position of the float. The flow control valve is also provided for controlling the water into the nozzle. The water is issued out of nozzle as jet. The jet is made to strike the vane, the force of which is tranfered directly to the force indicator. The force is read in Kgf. The provision is made to change the vane of different shapes.

SPECIFICATIONS: * * * Vane shapes Jet Dia Measurement : : : : * Type : Flat, Hemispherical & Inclined. 4, 5 & 7 mm. Flow rate of water by direct Reading Rotameter Jet force by direct reading from digital force indicator Re-circulating with sump & jet Chamber made of stainless steel. * Jet Chamber : Fixed with toughened glass windows with leak proof rubber gasket. OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Fix the nozzle and the vane of required shape in position and set the Close the front transparent cover tightly. Keep the delivery valve closed and switch ON the pump. Open the delivery valve and adjust the flow rate of water as read on the Rota meter. Observe the force as indicated on force indicator. Note down the diameter of jet, shape of vane, flow rate, force and tabulate the results.
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force indicator to show zero

7. 8. 9.

Switch OFF the pump after the experiment is over and close the delivery valve. Repeat the experiment at different flow rates with same jet and vane. Change the vane and carryout the experiment with different flow rates.

TABULAR COLUMN:
SL. NO DIAMETER OF THE JET D mm TYPE OF VANE WATER FLOW RATE Q Lpm ACTUAL FORCE Fa Kg

FLAT

1.

INCLINED = 60

HEMISPHERE

FLAT INCLINED = 60 HEMISPHERE

2.

LIST OF FORMULAE DATA: * * * Diameter of the Jets Accleration due to Gravity Density of water
1. Discharge (Q) :

d g

= =

4, 5 & 7mm 9.81 m/Sec2 1000 Kg/m3

w =

Q QD = -------------- m3 / Sec 60 x 1000 Where, 60 & 1000 are conversion factors to m3 / Sec Q = Rota meter reading in LPM 2. Velocity (V): QD V = ----- m/sec A Where, A = Area of jet considered, = d2 / 4 m2

3.

Theoretical force (Ft):

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a)

For Flat Vane: A V2 = ----------g

FT1 b)

Kg

For Flat Inclined Vane: FT2 A V2 = ------------x Sin g

Kg

Where, = 600 c) For Hemispherical or Curved Vane: 2 A V2 FT3 = ---------------g 4) Co-efficient of Impact: FA CI = -------FT Where, FA = Actual force, obtained directly from Scale Kg

TABLE OF CALCULATION:

Tabular Column(Sample Calculation) ACTUAL FORCE in kg, FA Velo city, V CoEfficient of Impact, CI 0.658 0.641 0.662 0.574 1.078 0.978 0.951 0.906 0.893 0.954 0.980 0.906 0.547 0.554 0.520 0.416 0.941 0.955 0.693 0.832 0.887 0.854 0.640 0.960 0.487 0.732 0.658 0.887 0.792 0.532 0.552 0.710 0.758 0.461 0.400 0.410

MODEL

JET DIA

LPM, Q

Qd

AREA, A

Ft1

Ft2

Ft3

HEMI SPHERICAL

7.0 0

FLAT - PLATE

7.0 0

INCLINED -PLATE

7.0 0

HEMI SPHERICAL

5.0 0

FLAT - PLATE

5.0 0

INCLINED -PLATE

5.0 0

HEMI SPHERICAL

4.0 0

FLAT - PLATE

4.0 0

INCLINED -PLATE

4.0 0

26.5 25.0 20.0 15.0 27.5 25.0 20.0 15.0 26.5 25.0 20.0 15.0 18.5 15.0 10.0 5.0 19.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 19.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 13.5 10.0 8.0 5.0 14.0 10.0 7.5 5.0 14.0 10.0 8.0 5.0

0.680 0.590 0.390 0.190 0.600 0.450 0.280 0.150 0.400 0.380 0.250 0.130 0.540 0.360 0.150 0.030 0.490 0.310 0.100 0.030 0.400 0.240 0.080 0.030 0.400 0.330 0.190 0.100 0.350 0.120 0.070 0.040 0.290 0.090 0.050 0.020

4.42E-04 4.17E-04 3.33E-04 2.50E-04 4.58E-04 4.17E-04 3.33E-04 2.50E-04 4.42E-04 4.17E-04 3.33E-04 2.50E-04 3.08E-04 2.50E-04 1.67E-04 8.33E-05 3.17E-04 2.50E-04 1.67E-04 8.33E-05 3.17E-04 2.50E-04 1.67E-04 8.33E-05 2.25E-04 1.67E-04 1.33E-04 8.33E-05 2.33E-04 1.67E-04 1.25E-04 8.33E-05 2.33E-04 1.67E-04 1.33E-04 8.33E-05

3.85E-05 3.85E-05 3.85E-05 3.85E-05 3.85E-05 3.85E-05 3.85E-05 3.85E-05 3.85E-05 3.85E-05 3.85E-05 3.85E-05 1.96E-05 1.96E-05 1.96E-05 1.96E-05 1.96E-05 1.96E-05 1.96E-05 1.96E-05 1.96E-05 1.96E-05 1.96E-05 1.96E-05 1.26E-05 1.26E-05 1.26E-05 1.26E-05 1.26E-05 1.26E-05 1.26E-05 1.26E-05 1.26E-05 1.26E-05 1.26E-05 1.26E-05

11.48 10.83 8.67 6.50 11.92 10.83 8.67 6.50 11.48 10.83 8.67 6.50 15.71 12.74 8.49 4.25 16.14 12.74 8.49 4.25 16.14 12.74 8.49 4.25 17.91 13.27 10.62 6.63 18.58 13.27 9.95 6.63 18.58 13.27 10.62 6.63

1.034 0.920 0.589 0.331 0.557 0.460 0.294 0.166 0.448 0.398 0.255 0.143 0.988 0.649 0.289 0.072 0.521 0.325 0.144 0.036 0.451 0.281 0.125 0.031 0.822 0.451 0.289 0.113 0.442 0.225 0.127 0.056 0.383 0.195 0.125 0.049

GUIDANCE OF CALCULATION: DATA: * * * 1. Diameter of the Jets Acceleration due to Gravity Density of water Discharge (Q): QD = Q -------------60 x 1000 15 = -------------60 x 1000 Where, 60 & 1000 are conversion factors to m3 / Sec Q = Rota meter reading in LPM = 15 LPM d g = = 4, 5 & 7mm 9.81 m/sec2 1000 Kg/m3

w =

= 2.50 x 10-4 m3 / sec

2.

Velocity (V): QD V = ----A m/sec

2.50 x 10-4 -------------- = 12.74 m/sec 1.16 x 10-5 Where, A = Area of jet considered, = d2 / 4 m2 = x 0.0052 / 4 3. a) = 1.16 x 10-5 m2

Theoretical force (Ft): For Flat Vane: FT1 = = A V2 = -----------

Kg

g 1000 x 1.16 x 10-5 x 12.742 ---------------------------------9.81 0.325 kg

b) For Flat Inclined Vane:

FT2 Where, = 600

A V2 Kg g

= ------------x Sin

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c) For Hemispherical or Curved Vane: 2 AV2 FT3 = ---------------g 4) Co-efficient of Impact : FA CI = -------- = FT Kg

0.31 -------- = 0.955 0.325

Where, FA = Actual force, obtained directly from meter = 0.31 kg

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