Micro Project

Report on

Prepare report on pump used in industry

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the

Diploma in Mechanical Engineering.

Submitted By:-
Mr.Atul Prakash Sonone
Mr.Nikhil Dadarao Hirole

Guided By:- Mr P.V.Chopade

Department Mechanical Engineering

Padm. Dr. V. B. Kolte College of Engineering,
Malkapur

1
 LSSBM’S
Padm. Dr. V. B. Kolte College of Engineering,
Malkapur
Department Of Mechanical Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr.Atul Prakash Sonone Nikhil Dadarao Hirole of Polytecnic Third Year
MechanicalEngineering have submitted a micro project titled Prepare report on pump used in
industry

it during the academic year 2023-24 in a satisfactory manner in partial fulfillment of the
requirement for the Diploma in Mechanical Engineering of MSBTE,Mumbai.

Mr.S.S.Patil Mr.P.V.Chopade
Head of Department Guide Mechanical
Mechanical Engineering Engineering Department

Mr.S.N.Khachane
Principal
Padm.Dr.VBKCOE,Malkapur
2
 DECLARATION

I declare that this written submission represents my ideas in my own words and where
others' ideas or words have been included, I have adequately cited and referenced the original
sources. I also declare that I have adhered to all principles of academic honesty and integrity
and have not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified any idea/data/fact/source in my
submission. I understand that any violation of the above will be cause for disciplinary action by
the Institute and can also evoke penal action from the sources which have thus not been
properly cited or from whom proper permission has not been taken when needed.

Submitted By:-
Mr.Atul Prakash Sonone

Mr.Nikhil Dadarao Hirole

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express deep gratitude for enthusiasm and valuable suggestions that I got from my guide
Mr.P.V.Chopde lecturer of Mechanical Engineering, for successful completion of the Project
report. This was not possible without his invaluable guidance. I pay deep regards to our HOD
Mr.S.S.Patil, Principal Mr.S.N.Khachane who are instrumental in setting standards for the
students to achieve. Finally, I am thankful to all the people who are related to the project directly
or indirectly.

I am grateful to all the teachers and Staff of Department of mechanical Engineering. I also
want to thank my faculty who showed a great will of strength, constant encouragement and
without his cooperation I would have not been able to complete this work.

Submitted By:-
Mr. Atul Prakash Sonone

Mr. Nikhil Dadarao Hirole

4
 PART A

Title:- “Prepare report on pump used in industry”

Brief Introduction:-
A pumps is a device that moves Fluids (Liquid or gases) or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action, typically
converted from electrical energy into hydraulic energy, move the fluid: direct lift, displacement and gravity
pumping.

Industrial pumps play a crucial role in various industries by facilitating the transfer of liquids or gases from
one place to another. They are integral components of processes such as manufacturing, water treatment, oil
and gas extraction, and chemical processing. This report provides an overview of industrial pumps, their types,
applications, and key considerations in their selection and maintenance.

Aim of project :

1. Prepare technical report

2. Show the attitude of enquiry
3. Work independently for responsibility
4. Participate effectively in group work
5.work persistently achieve the target ACTION

Sr.No. Details of Activity Plan start Plane Finish Name of team

date date member

1 Get information 14/02/2024 24/02/2024 Atul Sonone

about plasma arc
machine

2 Refer book of 24/02/2024 25/02/2024 Nikhil Hirole

Advanced
Maunfacturing
process

3 Dissus with guide 25/02/2024 05/03/2024 Atul Sonone

A.D.Tambe

4 Arrange all data in 05/03/2024 15/03/2024 Nikhil Hirole

ms word and print
the project file

No. Detail of activity ers

memb
5
 Part B

Title: “Prepare report on pump used in industry”

Brief Introduction:

A pumps is a device that moves Fluids (Liquid or gases) or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action,
typically converted from electrical energy into hydraulic energy, move the fluid: direct lift, displacement and
gravity pumping.

Industrial pumps play a crucial role in various industries by facilitating the transfer of liquids or gases from
one place to another. They are integral components of processes such as manufacturing, water treatment, oil
and gas extraction, and chemical processing. This report provides an overview of industrial pumps, their types,
applications, and key considerations in their selection and maintenance.

Aim of project :

1. Prepare technical report

2. Show the attitude of enquiry
3. Work independently for responsibility
4. Participate effectively in group work
5.work persistently achieve the target ACTION

Sr.No. Details of Activity Plan start Plane Finish Name of team

date date member

1 Get information 14/02/2024 24/02/2024 Atul Sonone

about plasma arc
machine

2 Refer book of 24/02/2024 25/02/2024 Nikhil Hirole

Advanced
Maunfacturing
process

3 Dissus with guide 25/02/2024 05/03/2024 Atul Sonone

P.V.Chopde

4 Arrange all data in 05/03/2024 15/03/2024 Nikhil Hirole

ms word and print
the project file

6
Output of project:

Types of Industrial Pumps:

1. Centrifugal Pumps:
 Description: Centrifugal pumps are the most common type of industrial pumps, characterized
by their ability to generate centrifugal force to propel fluids. They consist of rotating impellers
that impart kinetic energy to the fluid, thereby increasing its velocity and pressure.
 Applications: Widely used in industries such as water treatment, HVAC systems, chemical
processing, and agriculture for tasks ranging from water circulation to chemical transfer.
 Variants: Single-stage, multi-stage, vertical, horizontal, and self-priming centrifugal pumps.

How does a centrifugal pump work?

The impeller is the key component of a centrifugal pump. It consists of a series of curved vanes. These are
normally sandwiched between two discs (an enclosed impeller). For fluids with entrained solids, an open or
semi-open impeller (backed by a single disc) is preferred (Figure 1).

Fluid enters the impeller at its axis (the ‘eye’) and exits along the circumference between the vanes. The
impeller, on the opposite side to the eye, is connected through a drive shaft to a motor and rotated at high speed
(typically 500-5000rpm). The rotational motion of the impeller accelerates the fluid out through the impeller
vanes into the pump casing.

There are two basic designs of pump casing: volute and diffuser. The purpose in both designs is to translate
the fluid flow into a controlled discharge at pressure.

In a volute casing, the impeller is offset, effectively creating a curved funnel with an increasing cross-sectional
area towards the pump outlet. This design causes the fluid pressure to increase towards the outlet (Figure 2).

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The same basic principle applies to diffuser designs. In this case, the fluid pressure increases as fluid is
expelled between a set of stationary vanes surrounding the impeller (Figure 3). Diffuser designs can be
tailored for specific applications and can therefore be more efficient. Volute cases are better suited to
applications involving entrained solids or high viscosity fluids when it is advantageous to avoid the added
constrictions of diffuser vanes. The asymmetry of the volute design can result in greater wear on the impeller
and drive shaft.

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 What are the main features of a centrifugal pump?
There are two main families of pumps: centrifugal and positive displacement pumps. In comparison to the
latter, centrifugal pumps are usually specified for higher flows and for pumping lower viscosity liquids, down
to 0.1 cP. In some chemical plants, 90% of the pumps in use will be centrifugal pumps. However, there are a
number of applications for which positive displacement pumps are preferred.

What are the limitations of a centrifugal pump?

The efficient operation of a centrifugal pump relies on the constant, high speed rotation of its impeller. With
high viscosity feeds, centrifugal pumps become increasingly inefficient: there is greater resistance and a higher
pressure is needed to maintain a specific flow rate. In general, centrifugal pumps are therefore suited to low
pressure, high capacity, pumping applications of liquids with viscosities between 0.1 and 200 cP.

Slurries such as mud, or high viscosity oils can cause excessive wear and overheating leading to damage and
premature failures. Positive displacement pumps often operate at considerably lower speeds and are less prone
to these problems.

Any pumped medium that is sensitive to shearing (the separation of emulsions, slurries or biological liquids)
can also be damaged by the high speed of a centrifugal pump’s impeller. In such cases, the lower speed of a
positive displacement pump is preferred.

A further limitation is that, unlike a positive displacement pump, a centrifugal pump cannot provide suction
when dry: it must initially be primed with the pumped fluid. Centrifugal pumps are therefore not suited to any
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application where the supply is intermittent. Additionally, if the feed pressure is variable, a centrifugal pump
produces a variable flow; a positive displacement pump is insensitive to changing pressures and will provide a
constant output. So, in applications where accurate dosing is required, a positive displacement pump is
preferred.

The following table summarises the differences between centrifugal and positive displacement pumps.

Pump Comparison: Centrifugal vs Positive Displacement

Property Centrifugal Positive Displacement

Effective Efficiency decreases with increasing Efficiency increases
Viscosity viscosity (max. 200 Cp) with increasing viscosity
Range
Flow varies with changing pressure Flow insensitive to
Pressure changing pressure
tolerance Efficiency decreases at both higher and Efficiency increases
lower pressures with increasing pressure
Priming Required Not required
Flow (at Constant Pulsing
constant
pressure)
Shearing High speed damages shear-sensitive Low internal velocity.
(separation of mediums Ideal for pumping shear
emulsions, sensitive fluids
slurries,
What are the main applications for centrifugal pumps?
Centrifugal pumps are commonly used for pumping water, solvents, organics, oils, acids, bases and any ‘thin’
liquids in industrial, agricultural and domestic applications. In fact, there is a design of centrifugal pump
suitable for virtually any application involving low viscosity fluids.

Type of centrifugal Application Features

pump
Sealless; impeller directly
Canned motor pump attached to the motor rotor;
Hydrocarbons, chemicals where wetted parts contained in can
any leakage is not permitted
Sealless; impeller driven
Magnetic drive pump
by close coupled magnets
Chopper/grinder Waste water in industrial, Impeller fitted with grinding
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pump chemical and food processing/ teeth to chop solids
sewage
Circulator pump Heating, ventilation and air Inline compact design
conditioning
Multistage pump High pressure applications Multiple impellers for increased
discharge pressures
Cryogenic pump Liquid natural gas, coolants Special construction materials
to tolerate low temperatures
Trash pump Draining mines, pits, Designed to pump water
construction sites containing solid debris
Slurry pump Mining, mineral processing, Designed to handle and
industrial slurries withstand highly abrasive slurries

Summary
A centrifugal pump operates through the transfer of rotational energy from one or more driven rotors, called
impellers. The action of the impeller increases the fluid’s velocity and pressure and directs it towards the pump
outlet. With its simple design, the centrifugal pump is well understood and easy to operate and maintain.

Centrifugal pump designs offer simple and low cost solutions to most low pressure, high capacity pumping
applications involving low viscosity fluids such as water, solvents, chemicals and light oils. Typical
applications involve water supply and circulation, irrigation, and the transfer of chemicals in petrochemical
plants. Positive displacement pumps are preferred for applications involving highly viscous fluids such as
thick oils and slurries, especially at high pressures, for complex feeds such as emulsions, foodstuffs or
biological fluids, and when accurate dosing is required.

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2.Positive Displacement Pumps:
 Description: Positive displacement pumps operate by trapping a specific volume of fluid and
displacing it mechanically to achieve flow. They offer consistent flow rates regardless of
changes in discharge pressure.
 Applications: Ideal for handling viscous fluids, slurries, and applications requiring precise flow
control, such as food processing, oil and gas, and pharmaceutical manufacturing.
 Variants: Piston pumps, diaphragm pumps, rotary pumps (e.g., gear pumps, screw pumps),
and peristaltic pumps.

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 Positive displacement pumps add energy to a fluid by applying force to the liquid with a
mechanical device such as a piston or plunger. A positive displacement pump decreases the volume
containing the liquid until the resulting liquid pressure equals the pressure in the discharge system.
That is, the liquid is compressed mechanically, causing a direct rise in potential energy. Most positive
displacement pumps are reciprocating pumps in which linear motion of a piston or plunger in a
cylinder causes the displacement. In rotary pumps, another common positive displacement pump, a
circular motion causes the displacement. There are several manufacturers of positive displacement
pumps which are often found in high-pressure services. As shown in Fig. 2.1, positive displacement
pumps are classified as either:

3.Diaphragm Pumps:
 Description: Diaphragm pumps utilize a flexible diaphragm to create suction and discharge
pressures, enabling the pumping of sensitive or abrasive fluids without contamination.
 Applications: Commonly used in chemical processing, pharmaceuticals, wastewater treatment,
and mining for tasks involving metering, dosing, and transferring aggressive fluids.
 Variants: Air-operated double diaphragm (AODD) pumps, hydraulic diaphragm pumps, and
mechanical diaphragm pumps.

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AOBL air-operated double diaphragm pumps (AODD pumps) are designed for fluid transfer in a variety of
applications. Our diaphragm pumps reliably convey a wide range of fluids, viscous media, corrosive fluids and
solids. AOBL offers diaphragm pumps in different materials (metallic, non-metallic) and drive principles
(electric, pneumatic) to meet the needs of your application.

AOBL pumps are not only the most cost effective, reliable and energy efficient solution, but our advanced air
distribution system dramatically increases pump productivity by reducing air consumption and maintenance of
most energy. The ideal solution for increasing your productivity, reducing energy consumption, reducing air
consumption and simplifying maintenance.

As one of the leading manufacturers of pneumatic diaphragm pumps, we offer a full line of AODD pumps in a
variety of sizes and flow rates to meet the versatility and flexibility you need to make pumping simple.

4.Submersible Pumps:
 Description: Submersible pumps are designed to operate while submerged in the fluid being
pumped, making them suitable for applications where space constraints or suction lift
limitations exist.
 Applications: Primarily used in sewage systems, drainage, groundwater pumping, and offshore
oil and gas extraction.
 Variants: Submersible electric pumps, submersible slurry pumps, and submersible wastewater
pumps.

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 As the name suggests, a submersible pump, also known as an electrical submersible pump, is a water
pump that is completely submerged in the water and can be used for a variety of applications. The
electric motor used in the process is hermetically sealed and also close-coupled to the pump. One of
the major advantages of a submersible pump is that it does not require priming because it has already
been submerged in the liquid.
Such pumps are also highly efficient and do not require you to spend energy on moving the water
inside the pump. Certain submersible pumps can handle solids well, while others are only effective
with liquids. These are quiet as they are underwater, and also, since there is no spike in pressure with
the water flowing through the pump, cavitation is never a problem. Now that the basics are clear, let’s
learn more about the submersible pump working principle.

If you are wondering about how a submersible pump works, here’s everything you need to know.
1. The submersible pump is completely submerged in the water and is used to push water towards the
surface.
2. The water from the well or reservoir flows into the pump through the foot valve and strikes the
impeller, which has multiple fixed blades.
3. This impeller is connected to an electrical motor via a shaft and rotates in conjunction with the shaft.
4. As the water strikes the impeller’s blades, they convert the water’s kinetic energy into speed, hence,
increasing the speed of the water.
5. Water enters the diffuser after passing through the impeller, which further converts the speed of the
water into pressure energy.
6. As a result, the diffuser raises the desired water pressure, and this high-pressure water then discharges
through the pump’s outlet valve.
This is how a submersible pump works to push water to the surface.

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5.Gear Pumps:
 Description: Gear pumps employ intermeshing gears to displace fluid from the inlet to the
outlet, providing a continuous, non-pulsating flow.
 Applications: Widely employed in hydraulic systems, lubrication systems, chemical processing,
and automotive applications for tasks like fuel transfer and hydraulic power.

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Operational Considerations:

1.Fluid Compatibility: Selecting a pump that is compatible with the properties and characteristics of
the fluid being handled is essential to prevent corrosion, erosion, or contamination issues.
2.Flow Rate and Pressure Requirements: Determining the required flow rate, pressure head, and
system characteristics aids in selecting a pump that can deliver the desired performance.
3.Operating Conditions: Factors such as temperature range, altitude, ambient conditions, and
presence of hazardous atmospheres must be considered to ensure safe and efficient pump
operation.
4.Maintenance and Serviceability: Opting for pumps with accessible components, ease of
maintenance, and availability of spare parts contributes to minimizing downtime and enhancing
reliability.
5.Energy Efficiency: Choosing pumps with high-efficiency motors, optimized impeller designs, and
variable speed drives helps in reducing energy consumption and operating costs over the pump's
lifecycle.

Emerging Trends and Innovations:

1.Smart Pumping Solutions: Integration of sensors, IoT connectivity, and predictive analytics
enables remote monitoring, condition-based maintenance, and real-time optimization of pump
performance.
2.Energy-Efficient Designs: Manufacturers are focusing on developing pumps with improved
hydraulic efficiencies, variable speed drives, and advanced control algorithms to minimize energy
consumption and environmental impact.
3.Material Advancements: Utilization of advanced materials such as ceramics, composites, and
corrosion-resistant alloys enhances pump durability, reliability, and resistance to harsh operating
conditions.
4.Digital Twin Technology: Implementation of digital twin models facilitates virtual testing,
simulation, and optimization of pump designs, leading to enhanced performance and reduced
development cycles.

Conclusion: Industrial pumps serve as indispensable assets in a myriad of industrial applications,

providing the necessary means for fluid handling, circulation, and transfer. Understanding the diverse
types of pumps available, their operational principles, selection criteria, and emerging trends is
crucial for optimizing industrial processes, improving efficiency, and ensuring operational reliability.
By staying abreast of technological advancements and adopting best practices in pump selection,
installation, and maintenance, industries can harness the full potential of industrial pumps to drive
sustainable growth and competitiveness.

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 TEACHER EVALUATION SHEET
Name of Student: - Mr. Atul P. Sonone Enrollment No.2115650066
Name of Programed:- Mechanical Engineering Semester :- 6
Course Title: - Industry Engineering & Quality Control Code :- 22657
Title of the Micro-project:- “Prepare report on pump used in industry”
Course Outcomes Achieved:-
Sr. Average
Poor Good Excellent
Characteristic To Be Assessed Marks4
No. Marks 1-3 Marks6- Marks9-
-5
8 10
1 Relevance to course
2 Literature survey
3 Project proposal
4 Completion of target
5 Analysis & representation of
data
6 Quality of Prototype/Model
7 Report preparation
8 Presentation
9 Defens
e
Process Assessment Product Assessment
Part B Project Individual
Part A Total
Project Report / Presentatio
Project Marks 10
Methodology Working n Viva
Proposal
2 Marks Model 4
2 Marks
2 Marks
Marks

• Comments / Suggestion about team work / leadership / inter-personal communication ( if

any

Any other comments:

Signature: -
Name and designation of
Faculty Member: - Mr.P.V.Chopade

18
 TEACHER EVALUATION SHEET
Name of Student: - Mr..Nikhil Dadarao Hirole Enrollment No.2115650068
Name of Programed:- Mechanical Engineering Semester :- 6
Course Title: - Industry Engineering & Quality Control Code :- 22657
Title of the Micro-project:- “Prepare report on pump used in industry”
Course Outcomes Achieved:-
Sr. Average
Poor Good Excellent
Characteristic To Be Assessed Marks4
No. Marks 1-3 Marks6- Marks9-
-5
8 10
1 Relevance to course
2 Literature survey
3 Project proposal
4 Completion of target
5 Analysis & representation of
data
6 Quality of Prototype/Model
7 Report preparation
8 Presentation
9 Defens
e
Process Assessment Product Assessment
Part B Project Individual
Part A Total
Project Report / Presentatio
Project Marks 10
Methodology Working n Viva
Proposal
2 Marks Model 4
2 Marks 2 Marks
Marks

• Comments / Suggestion about team work / leadership / inter-personal communication ( if

any

Any other comments:

Signature: -
Name and designation of
Faculty Member: - Mr.P.V.Chopade

19