EIT-M

SCHOOL OF MECHANNICAL AND INDUSTRIAL

ENGINEERING

DEPARTMET OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

PROJECT TITLE:OPTIMIZING OPERATION OF HDPE 02
MACHINE BY APPLYING PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE AT
BRUH TESFA IRRIGATION AND WATER TECHNOLOGY
HOSTING COMPANY: Bruh tesfsa Irrigation and Water Technology plc.

DURATION OF PROJICT: Four Month

PREPARED BY: MEASHO ZBELO

ID: EIT-M/UR/162494/2006

ADVISOR NAME: ZEMENAY .

COMPANY SUPERVISOR:
MERKEB .

SUBMISSION DATE: 06/06/2017

 ACKNOLODEGEMENT
I would like to express my deepest gratitude thanks to biruh tesfa irrigation
and water technology manager who gives me the chance to intern in that
company for four months and for their much contribution in gathering data
and also for their collaborations in whatever I wanted during the four month
internship period in the company. Next, I want to thank my advisor
Zemenay and my supervisor Merkeb ,for their guidance and advice while
doing this project.
 ABSTRACT

This study is conducted to identify the major factors that affect the operation of
HDPE 02 machine at biruhtesf airrigation and water technology and to find out the
improvements so as to decease machine failure of HDPE 02.

Data was collected and analyzed the analyzed data is shown in tables and cause
&effect diagram. Finally the analyzed data is presented to draw conclusions and
recommendations.

On the basis the finding factors minimizing operation of HDPE 02 machine are:

 The absence of effective maintenance scheduling

 Less understanding of reliability and availability concepts of the machines
 Lack of continuous preventive maintenance
 Less number of inspection time
Therefore, in order to minimize the major affecting the operation of the
machine are:
 Improve the exiting PM schedule
 Apply reliability and availability analysis of the machine
 Using optimal inspection time
 Operators should use correct procedures and specifications carefully
during operation
 LIST OF ABRIVATION
P M -preventive maintenance

N F-number of failures

T Dt -total down time of the j th failure.

j

µ-mean repair rate

λ -mean failure rate

MTBF- Mean time between failures

MDT-mean down time

A-availability of machine

U-unavailability of machines

Y- Optimum number of inspection

C- Constant related to the machine

Tb- time of breakdown

Ti- inspection time

 CHAPTER ONE

1.INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background Of The Company

Bruh tesfa irrigation and water technology as industrial company is one of

the sister companies of EFFORT in agricultural cluster, engaged in
manufacturing and supplying of modern irrigation technology, water supply
system and other plastic products, was established in the year 2004 G.C. its
first intension point was used by government as industrial zone , which is
used as storage room for a commodity products.
When it was constructed there was no more analyses given out to conduct
throughout work to give out things that were stored and brought from places,
some plastic industry raw materials that were imported from Eretria. But,
now a day the company uses the port of Djibouti.
Bruh Tesfa plastic products PLC become operational in January 2005 GC
with the main objective of producing:
 different pipelines
 fittings
 drippers for application of drip irrigation
 hi-tech technologies to transform agricultural
 1.2 Vision Of The Company:
To be the pioneer in modern irrigation and water transport system and providing
best technological solution to the scarce water.

1.3 Mission Of The Company:

To maximize shareholders interest, contribute its share in agricultural
transformation and create massive job opportunity and there by eradicate poverty
in the country by bringing about technological breakthrough in irrigation and water
transport systems.

1.4 Objectives Of The Company:

 To produce drip irrigation plastic pipes ,drippers ,fittings and distribute to
users
 To produce and distribute poly ethylene pipes, nursery polyethylene tube
and construction materials
 To import and export various plastic products for irrigation systems
 To sale pre and post irrigation services.
 To participate in business areas that can directly or indirectly be related
within the above mentioned objectives

1.5 The Company Main Products And Services:

 To produce quality and complete setoff;
 modern irrigation technology
 complete pressurized irrigation systems For both drip and
sprinklers
 complete gravitational irrigation systems for family drip
kit
 other irrigation related accessories and equipments

 water supply system

 High density polyethylene pipes that can substitute any
type of pipe for water transport and gas distribution
networks such as GI pipes and U PVC.
 PE fitting ,water meters, filters and other accessories
 welding machine as a special order
  Other plastic products
 polyethylene tubes/tabular film
 rigid and flexible conducts
 poly bags and sheet
 Services
 Provides complete set of products and services in both
irrigation and water supply systems.
 Dependable supply source for raw materials
 competitive price
 fast delivery time

1.6 The Company Main Customers Or End Users

 Agricultural bureaus & water resource enterprise
 Rest
 ORDA
 USAID & kobo Girana
 Investors
 water resource & sewerage supply office
 Textile industries
 Laundries
 Tannery companies
 housing agencies
 construction companies and whole sellers of conduit
 private farms

 flower industries & green houses

1.7. The process flow of production of the company:

1.Polyethylene{raw material} is added into metal made vessel and using a sucker
tube, the polyethylene is moved to the hopper which intern provide a
smooth flow raw material through funnel-shaped hopper to the excluder.
2. Then the excluder melts the polythene at higher temperature which makes it a
liquid with high viscosity
 3. After the polythene is melted with the excluder the die head and calibration
makes it to have the required shape and length and diameter

4. Then after a lot of water is added into the longest horizontally placed container
which allows gradual cooling of molten polythene and paves the way to
solidification

5. The operation before cutting, the solidified polyhtene with the required
diameter and length is taking off. The cooled and solidified polythene moves
into the cutting area.

6. Then it can be cut according to the needed length

7. Immediately after cutting the conveyer takes the high density polythene tubes,
that substitute any types of pipe for water transport and gas distribution to the
winder and the winder wrap up it in a circular way and release it to the
ground.

sucker

Cooling wind
excluder Die head Take off conveyer
system er
 CHAPTER TWO

2. OVERALL INTERNSHIP TECHNICAL EXPERINCE AND KNOWLEDG

2.1. I Look Like The Work Flow And Operation Of The Organization:

2.2 .I Observed On The Activities And Tasks Technically:

2.2 .Work Flow Of The Operation System:

BLOW TO
RAEW MASTER EXPAND,CO PACK TO BE
DIE HEAD TACTION
MATERIAL EXTRRUDER OLING AND SORED
FORMING

2.4 The Work Tasks That Executing:

I start my project to reduce the problems due to maintenance in bruh tesfa

irrigation and water technology by applying the theoretical knowledge in to
practical.

2.5 The Procedures That I Have Been Used For This Task:

 I was tried to understand about machine availability & reliability and also
preventive maintenance.
 I was tried to understand how they prepare maintenance plan.
 Identify the current maintenance schedule and how they perform.
 Identify the limitation of the maintenance schedule.
 Finding the proper solution

2.6 The Challenges That I Have Been Faced:

  They have no internet access.
 They have shortage of data.
 Lack of available resource.
2.7 The measure that I have been taken:

 Taking the data relative to the current situation.

 Create a smooth relationship with my mentor.
 Make close relationship with the worker and operator.
 Being wise to get something what I want.

CHAPTER THREE
 3. BENEFITS FROM THE INTERNSHIP

3.1 In Terms Of Theoretical Knowledge:

During the internship duration that helps me to relate the theoretical
knowledge with the practical.

3.2 In Terms Of Improving Practical Skill:

 I am interesting to face the real world by this internship
program.
 I develop my experience by working with the skilled operators.
 Things to be easy in order to do something without hesitation.
3.3 In Terms Of Improving Interpersonal Communication:
 Communication is a two way processes getting your message
across depending on understanding the other person. I know
the benefits of communication to enable employees to do
their work and to help the people to work harmoniously
together towards the achievements of the organizations goal.

 I try to understand that always good interpersonal

communication skill and making good deal with people make
someone successful at work place.

 I try to know the feeling of operators to their leaders who

threat them in different way.

3.4 In Terms Of Improving Team Playing Skill:

Team: - is one group of people working together to achieve a common goal
people work interdependently amongst the member of the team regarding
resource, information & skill.

 I realize that actively participate in team work has make some body
know more and increase personal confidence.
 Always be honest and give appreciation to other help someone to
have good relationship with them.
 I tried to make good working atmosphere and create good will to
make others share their experience.
 Ideal disputes were solved through peaceful communication.

3.5 In Terms Of Improving Leadership Skill:

 Always people like praise and appreciation rather than condemned
so to be a good leader give appreciation for workers to make them
effective worker.

 Self-confidence is the requirements of good leadership I have seen

amazing confidential leadership skills from those leaders.

 I know that criticizing the other person about his mistake not make
him right full for the next time rather trying to admit his wrong
doing smoothly make him effective not doing it gain and
encouraging worker for their doing make them to work harder.

 Always tries to share opinion with workers is the key way to

achieve the goal and it make your company profitable rather than
ordering them to do something and also approaching your
 worker friendly always makes the worker ,trigger ,inspire for his
work and be successful.
3.6 In Terms Of Understanding Work Ethics Issues:
 I know the rules regulations before starting my work.
 Always be functional and do my work honesty.
 I should respect & tolerate all society of the company.

3.7 In Terms Of Entrepreneurship Skill:

Entrepreneurship is the process of creative destructions and taking risk
individually and independently.

 Being motivated to solve technical problems. Always being

ready to create better world for yourself and your country as a
whole.
 Be sure your mind is in work every time. Make yourself as
much as busy as you can. We’ll try to analyze what we’ve done
on the company. Generally, be entrepreneur with your mind
not with your money.
 Being risk taker is the core point in entrepreneurship skill. I.e.

With your money, time and knowledge.

CHAPTER FOUR
 4. INTRODUCTION:
Maintenance is a combination of actions intended to retain an item or
equipment in or restore it to, a state in which it can perform the function that is
required for the item to provide a given service.

The scope of maintenance has grown to include not only system repair but also;

 System safety
 Economic viability
 Quality
 Appropriate use of environmental resources
 Requirements for increased product quality
 Reduced throughput time.

One importance component of maintenance activity is preventive maintenance

with in maintenance organization it usually accounts for a major proportion of the
total maintenance activity.

PM is the care and servicing by individual s involved with maintenance to keep

equipment/facilities in satisfactory operational state by providing for systematic
inspection, detection & correction of incipient failures either prior to their
occurrence or prior to their development in to major failure.

Some of its objectives are;

 Enhance capital equipment productive life.

 Reduce critical equipment breakdown.
 Allow better planning & scheduling of needed maintenance work.
 Minimize production losses due to equipment failure.
Promote health & safety of maintenance personnel.

4.1. Project Title: Optimizing Operation Of HDPE 02. Machine By

Applying Preventive Maintenance At Bruh Tesfa Irrigation And Water
Technology
4.2. Short Summery Of The Project: In Bruh tesfa irrigation and water
technology have preventive maintenance schedule but it is not to say all the
machines perform effectively some of the machines leads to breakdown due to
effective use of preventive maintenance, But I am focused on the HDPE 02
machines.

4.3. Problem Statement:

The causes of the failure of the machine cannot give the required amount of
production and services;

 Once is the absence of effective maintenance scheduling

 The other causes are related to absence of reliability and availability
concepts of machine and less number of inspection time

4.4. Objectives of The Study:

4.4.1 General Objective:
To optimize the HDPE 02 machine by applying preventive maintenance

4.4.2. Specific Objectives:

The specific objectives of the study are:

 To enhance machine production life by reducing the down time of HDPE 02

machine.
 To minimize production losses due to machine failure.
 To promote health and safety env.t

4.5. Significance Of The Study:

The importance of this study will be:

 Introducing effective PM scheduling and reducing high failure rate HDPE

02 machine by aware them reliability concepts.

4.6 Scope Of The Study:

The study is limited to analysis of awareness of effective maintenance scheduling
reliability and availability concepts of machine ,whose operation is mostly
influenced in production and have high break down that machine is HPDE 02. And
I use four month recorded data from February to may because of I have been
stayed on that month in order to get a practical knowledge.

4.7 Limitation Of The Study:

 Lack of accessibilities of project in the area of my problem.
 Lack of available resource.

4.8 Literature Review:

This chapter deals with theoretical frame of the study of maintenance. Some
believes that objective of maintenance is to repair damaged machines. This
approach is very costly and creates a lot of problems to maintain. In modern
maintenance management, it is not recommendable to construct too much on
breakdown equipment when they are broken. Modern maintenance management is
to act in the way that by planning time to keep the machine in operation and
produce quality products.

4.8.1 Preventive Maintenance:

it is the maintenance carried out at predetermined intervals to reduce
likelihood of an item not meeting an acceptable condition. The primary goal
of PM is to prevent maintenance program would prevent all machine failures
before it occurs. In most organizations, this type of maintenance scheduling
activity is prepared based on manual. This maintenance scheduling by
referring the reliability of machines. PM is widely used in Bruh tesfa
because it saves spare parts (cost), reduce delay time, gives customer
satisfaction, reduce labor costs …..
PM is divided in to two parts:-
1). direct PM
The part were measures are taken to prevent the occurrence of failures is
called direct PM. this means there is a direct impact of the machine. Some
examples of direct PM are programmed replacement of parts over hauls,
lubrication, oil change and cleaning.
2).indirect PM
PM which is done to detect failures before they develop in to a breakdown.
the performance of the indirect PM is also controlled by time. but, it is done
in order to find out the actual need of maintenance.

4.8.2 Reliability:
Reliability (R) is the probability that an item will perform its stated
mission satisfactory for given time of period when under them specified
conditions. It is an important factor in equipment maintenance because lower
equipment reliability means higher need for maintenance.
The unreliability of the product can be defined as the probability that
product fails to meet the specification, over given time of period subjected to
given environmental conditions.
Failure can occur due to many factors:-
For example incorrect use of procedures, over stressed parts, chemical
corrosion, wear etc….
 In reliability analysis of a system is often assumed that the time dependent
failure rate of items follows the shape of a bath tub curve.

Since at any time t, the product either survived or failed failed. This means R (t)
+F (t) =1

4.8.2.1 The Functions Of Reliability:

 develop the reliability requirements for the product
 establish an adequate life cycle reliability problem
 perform appropriate analysis and tasks to insure that

4.8.3 Repairable items:

The failure pattern for N items of a repairable product observed over at a test
interval T. The down time T DJ associated with the j th failure is the total time that
elapses between the occurrence of the failure and the repaired item being put back
j =N F

into normal operation. The total down time for N F Failure is therefore ∑ T DJ and
j=1

the mean down time is given by:

Total down time

Mean down time= Number of failures
i.e.
 MDT=
j= N F
1
NF
∑ T DJ
j=1
1
and the repair rate( μ) is give by :μ= MDT
The total up time can be found by subtracting the total down time from N T , i.e
j =N F

total up time= N T - ∑ T DJ
j=1

The mean up time or the mean time between failures (MTBF) is therefore given
by:
Total up time
Mean time between failures= Number of failures

i.e.

MTBF=
N T−¿ N FMDT
¿
NF

The mean failure rate λ is correspondingly given by:-

i.e.

I.e. again the mean failure rate is the reciprocal of MTT

NF
λ= N ¿
T−¿ N FMDT

4.8.3.1 Non-repairable item:

Suppose that N individual items of a given non-repairable products are placed in
service and the times at which failures occur are recorded during a test interval T.
We further assume that all the N items fail during T and that the i thfailure occurs at
time T i that is, T i is the survival time or up time for the ith failure. The total up time
, ,

i=N

for N failures is therefore ∑ T i and the mean time failure is given by:-
,

i=1
 Total up time
Mean time to fail= Number of failures

i=N
i.e. 1
MTTF=
N
∑ Ti ,

i=1

4.8.4 Failure Rate: is the frequency with which an engineered system

or component fails, expressed for example in failures per hour. It is often denoted
by the Greek letter λ (lambda) and is important in reliability.

The failure rate of a system usually depends on time, with the rate varying over the
life cycle of the system. For example, an automobile's failure rate in its fifth year of
service may be many times greater than its failure rate during its first year of
service. One does not expect to replace an exhaust pipe, overhaul the brakes, or
have major transmission problems in a new vehicle.

The mean failure rate λ is correspondingly given by:

Number of failures
Mean failure rate= Total up time

i.e. N I.e. mean failure rate is the reciprocal of MTTF

i=N
λ=
∑Ti ,

i=1

4.8.5 Availability:
When a repairable product is up, i.e., working satisfactorily, it is available for use.
When the product is down, i.e., being repaired, it is unavailable for use. It is
important to have an average measure of the degree to which the product is either
available or unavailable.
The availability of the product is the fraction of the total test interval that it is
performing within specification, i.e. up; thus we have:

Total up time
Availability= Test interval

Total up time
= Total up time+Total downtime

NF
= N ∗MTBF + N ∗MTBF
F F ∗MDT

i.e.

………………………eqn (I)
A=
MTBF
MTBF+ MDT

Unavailability U is similarly defined as the fraction of the total test interval that it
is not performing to specification, i.e., failed or down, thus we have:

Total down time

Unavailability= Test interval

Giving;
MDT ……………………eqn (II)
U= MTBF+ MDT

It follows from eqn (I) and eqn (II) that:

……………………………………eqn(III)
A+U=1

we see from eqn (I) & eqn (II) that A and U depend on MTBF, i.e. availability
depends by increasing on reliability. Availability can therefore be increased by
increasing MTBF, i.e., reducing mean failure rate. We see also that A and U
depend on mean down time, MDT; availability can be increased by reducing MDT.
Thus availability also depends on maintainability, i.e. how quickly the product can
be repaired and put back into service.

4.8.6 Optimum Number Of Inspection:

Inspections are often disruptive, but they usually reduce down time because of
lesser number of failures. This model can be used to obtain the optimum number of
inspections per facility per unit of time.

TDT = YTi +CTb/Y

√
By differentiation we get Y = CTb
Ti

Where: TDT = total downtime per unit of time

C = a constant associated with the particular machine

Tb = machine downtime per breakdown time ( total downtime)

Ti =machine downtime per inspection

Y = optimum number of inspection

4.9 Methodologies:
Data can be collected in two ways;

1. Primary data.

2. Secondary data.

The primary data’s are as follows;

  Informal interviewing.

 Manual data record.

 Observation.

The secondary data’s are;

 Hand out

 Internet

 Recorded data

 Some books

4.10 Data Analysis:

Data analysis tools;

 Table.

 MTBF.

 MTTR.

 Machine availability & unavailability.

 Downtime.
4.11 Result And Discussion:
The recorded data that have gained from bruhtesfa irrigation and water
technology of the four month data is given below the following table.
Table 4.1 daily downtime for February

S.N DATE DOWN TIME

1 27-02-17 11:40
2 28-02-17 5:00

Table 4.2 daily downtime for March

S.N DATE DOWN TIME

1 01-03-17 15:80
2 17-03-17 10:60
3 18-03-17 11:60
4 19-03-17 1:40
5 20-03-17 4:60
6 21-03-17 6:45
7 22-03-17 18:65
8 23-03-17 21:00
9 24-03-17 5:40
10 25-03-17 9:50
11 26-03-17 17:80
12 28-03-17 12:25
13 29-03-17 9:15
14 30-03-17 1:25
15 31-03-17 2:60

Table 4.3 daily down time for April

S.N DATE DOWN TIME

1 02-04-17 10:15
 2 03-04-17 5:55
3 04-04-17 5:35
4 05-04-17 9:00
5 09-04-17 18:90
6 10-04-17 9:45
7 11-04-17 17:40
8 12-04-17 9:70
9 13-04-17 1:85
10 14-04-17 8:05
11 17-04-17 20:00
12 18-04-17 10:75
13 21-04-17 4:80
14 22-04-17 0:40
15 23-04-17 6:80
16 25-04-17 6:70
17 28-04-17 12:70
18 29-04-17 16:00
19 30-04-17 17:30

Table 4.4 daily downtime for may

S.N DATW DOWN TIME

1 01-05-17 16:10
2 02-05-17 21:00
3 03-05-17 11:60
4 04-05-17 5:60
5 05-05-17 15:60
6 06-05-17 14:20
7 07-05-17 21:00
8 08-05-17 4:30
9 10-05-17 1:80
 10 11-05-17 1:80
11 12-05-17 2:40
12 13-05-17 10:90
13 14-05-17 12:30
14 15-05-17 4:95
15 18-05-17 16:30
16 20-05-17 2:30
17 21-05-17 11:30
18 24-05-17 9:80
19 25-05-17 14:10
20 26-05-17 4:20
21 29-05-17 1:30
22 30-05-17 12:40
23 31-05-17 2:60

Determining the preventive maintenance measures for each month:

February:

 TDt :11:40+5:00

= 16:40 hrs.

 MDT =TDt/NF

=16:40/2

=8:20 hrs.

 µ = 1/8:20

= 0.122
March:

 TDt =
15:80+10:60+11:60+1:40+4:60+6:45+18:65+21:00+5:40+9:50+17:80+12:2
5+9:15+1:25+2:00

=148:05 hrs.

 MDT = TDT/NF

=148:05/15

= 9:87 hrs.

 µ = 1/MDT

=1/9:87

=0.101

April:

 TDt
=10:15+5:55+5:35+9:00+18:90+9:45+17:40+9:70+1:85+8:05+20:00+10:75
+4:80+0:40+6:80+6:70+12:70+16:00+17:30

=190:85 hrs.

 MDT = TDt/NF
 =190:85/19

=10:04 hrs.

 µ = 1/MDT

=1/10:04

=0.099

May:

 TDt =
16:10+21:00+11:60+5:60+15:60+14:20+21:00+4:30+1:80+1:80+2:40+10:9
0+12:30+4:95+16:30+2:30+11:80+9:80+14:10+4:20+1:30+12:40+2:60

= 218:35hrs.

 MDT = TDt/NF

= 218:35/23

=9:49hrs.

 µ = 1/MDT

= 1/9:49

=0.105

Table 4.5 Summary of the above calculation is as follows:

 Month Number of TDt MDT Repair
failure rate(µ)

February 2 16:40 8:20 0.122

March 15 148:05 9:87 0.101
April 19 190:85 10:04 0.099
May 23 218:35 9:49 0.105
Total =59 =573:65hrs =37:6hrs =0.427
Mean=143:41 Mean=9.4

To calculate up time we need date of:-

Working date from Bruh tesfa irrigation and water Technology Company:

 Number of days per year =365

 Working hour per day of machine =24hours
 Working days per week =6
 Public holy day +sun day
=40days*24hour
=960hours
 The average number of annual sick, living the company (other cases)
=12*24hours
=288hours
 Number of hours per year
=365days*24hours
=8760hours
 Total available time per year
= 8760-(960hr-288hr)
=7512hr/year or626hr/month

 Total up time

= total machine availability time – TDt

 = 626 – 143:41

= 482.6 hrs./ month

Total up time 482.6 hr

 MTTF (MTBF) = Total number of failures = 59 ¿
¿
=8.18hr/failure
1 1
This means ʎ = MTTF = 8.18 hr = 0.1223faile/hr

MTTF 8.18
 A = MTTF+ MDT = 8.18+9.4 = 0.4653=46.53%
 U =100-46.53%=53.47%

This unavailability means the machine need for preventive maintenance to reduce
the MDt to increase the availability of the machine.

 To calculate optimal inspection time by applying :

Inspection optimization model-l

HDPE 02 machine was observed over a period of time and obtained the following
data;

Tb (TDt) = 59hr/month

Ti=2hrs/month

C= 2 (for production service)

The optimal number of inspection/month by using equation;

 √ √
Y = CTb = 2∗143.41 =11.97~12
Ti 2

Therefore the approximate number of optimal inspection per month is 12.

12hours
i.e. 4
=3hr/week (every Monday the concerned person should inspect the

machine before machine set up)

CTb
The total optimal down time per month is TDt =YTi + Y

2∗143.41
=12*2 + 12
=47:9hr/month

By applying the above calculation the down time of the machine reduce from
143:41hrs./month to 47:9hrs./month.

Therefore,

Uptime = 626 – 47.9 = 578.1hr./month

MTBF = 578.1/59

= 9.798

Therefore the improved availability of time is :- 9.798/(9.798+9.4)

= 0.5104

= 51.04%

U = 100% - 51.04%
 = 48.96%

CHAPTER FIVE
5. Conclusion and recommendation

5.1 conclusions:
In the Biruh Tesfa irrigation and water technology there is continuous machine
failure, this shows that in the unit there is a lack of effective preventive
maintenance.

The breakdown of this machine in the unit is analyzed by determining availability

(A) and optimum inspection time.

To sum up, by the help of preventive maintenance model of optimum inspection as

shown in the calculation the total down time decreases from 143.41hr/month to
47.9hr /month.

5.2 Recommendations:
I recommend to the company in order to be effective and efficient productivity
apply effective preventive maintenance to increase the reliability and availability
of machines and have get the following benefits:

 Efficient use of resources and spa parts.

 Reduce the down time of the equipment.

 Improve system reliability.

 Reduce production loss.

 Reduce the cost due to break down of machines.

  Every operator has to know the operating procedures of all machines.

Bibliography/References

1. Bruhtesfa irrigation and water technology, maintenance manual and

document.

2. Handout

3. John P.Bentley(1999) “Introduction…” 2nd edition ,Addison Wesley long

man ,England.