Sri Lanka Telecom Training Centre

Pearson BTEC Level 4 Higher National Diploma in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (RQF)

Assignment Brief and Feedback Form

Student ID BT/EE/22/32

Student Name N.S.V.R. THILAKARATHNA

Academic Year 2022

Assessor name Sameera bandaranayake

Unit Number & Title Unit 01 - Engineering Design

Assignment Number/Title Assignment 1 – Product Design Specification & Project Schedule

Issue Date 24nd March 2022

Submission Date 2 th
May 20212

IV Name
Harshana Ranmuthugala

Submission Format Submit as a report

Plagiarism

Plagiarism is a particular form of cheating. Plagiarism must be avoided at all costs and students who break the
rules, however innocently, may be penalised. It is your responsibility to ensure that you understand correct
referencing practices. As a university level student, you are expected to use appropriate references throughout and
keep carefully detailed notes of all your sources of materials for material you have used in your work, including any
material downloaded from the Internet. Please consult the relevant unit lecturer or your course tutor if you need
further clarifications.

Student/Learner declaration
I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully
acknowledged.

Student/Learner signature: Date:2023/02/02

Atmospheric water generator

Student name – N.S.V.R. THILAKARATHNA

Student Id - BT/EE/22/32
Unit – Uniit_1_Enngineerring design
Module code - k/615/1475 core level 4

2
Executive summery

Today, the weather conditions of the world have undergone a great change compared to the
conditions in the past. Therefore, the people living in the world are currently facing the
impossible risk of getting clean drinking water. The changes in the weather conditions and
the processes that cause damage to the environment by the people are also affected. The
percentage of African countries facing these acute drinking water problems has increased at
present. These conditions have been seen in various media in Sri Lanka and various
provinces today. Various technical devices are being introduced to the problem through
various projects. Here these produced machines should be a machine that can be easily
carried in the hand and provide the best efficiency. It is important that it produces about 10
liters of water per day and the production of tap water should be more affordable and not
have any impact on the external environment.

Here are the basic points that must be met in the production of this water mill to reach the
desired goal

The water produced by this product must be very clean and hygienic and it must conform to
the accepted standards of the World Health Organization.

And this should be easy to use even by a person with minimal technical knowledge.

Also, the damage to the environment by this product should be very minimal.

And production costs should be minimal.

Also, this device should be a level device that can be used in any harsh environment.

Also, the energy system here should be in accordance with the most efficient international
standards.

3
Table of content
Executive summery
1. Introduction 5
2. Problem definition 6
3. Requirement Analysis 7
4. Design specification 8
4.1 Project design specification V1
4.2 Industry standards
4.3 Compare and contrast Standards with PDS-V1
4.4 Product Design Specification Version_ 2
5.Explanation on influence for PDS
5.1 Explain the influence of the stakeholder’s design brief
5.2 Influence of other design specification
6.Planning a Project Schedule
6.1 Evaluate planning techniques
6.2 Critical Path Analysis
6.3 Gantt char
6.4 Flow chart
6.5 Critical Path Method Diagram
6.6 Critical path method calculation
6.7 Compare and analysis
7.Design Solution
7.1 Design techniques used
7.2 Design Solution Concept
8. Prototyping
8.1 module of solution concept 1
8.2 module of solution concept 2
8.3 module of solution concept 3

4
9.Evaluation
9.1 Evaluation of standard analytical and assessment models for comparing
solutions
9.2 Pugh matrix to produce a possible design solution
9.3Compliance and risk assessment
Effectiveness of the standard report for producing fully compliant Product
10. Improvements
10.1 Final design improvement
10.2 Improvements based on compliance, risk assessment and
manufacturability

11.Referance

5
1) Introduction

Water is a limited resource in many regions of the world, despite being a basic human right to
access clean and safe drinking water. Water shortage has been made worse by climate change
and population expansion, creating a greater need for sustainable and creative methods of
producing drinkable water. Atmospheric water generation (AWG) is an emerging technology
that extracts water from the air, which can provide a reliable and sustainable source of fresh
water for communities, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. This device is used to
convert atmospheric air into water with high relative humidity. here that the use of this device
in regions of high humidity would allow users to collect ten liters of water per day during the
day. Water condensation systems in which the solar panel is used as an energy source have a
significant economic benefit, because the power source is free and the need for maintenance
is virtually nonexistent. Here, the water mill created through this project will meet the need of
drinking water in the most difficult areas and this is also important in several important areas.
In other words, it is important to be able to use it in the emergency situations that occur in the
country. Also, in war situations, it is a very useful product in the field due to the fact that it is
manufactured to be able to easily move to the respective places when it is difficult to get
water facilities in the respective camps. can be called.

6
2)Problem definition
What's the issue?

Especially in areas where the need for drinking water is acutely affected, it is a big
problem that people suffer from kidney disease. It is sad that they have to travel miles
to get clean drinking water to meet their daily drinking water needs. Also based on
this problem and in the face of various natural disasters affecting the country, the
problem of providing drinking water needs arises.

7
3)Requirement Analysis
The process of determining the precise demands and objectives of a project or application, as
well as the capabilities of the available technologies to satisfy those needs, is known as
requirement analysis for atmospheric water generation.

Design Needs Specific Requirements

Water quality: specific quality standards for its intended use

Water quantity An amount of 10 liters of water should be

produced per day.

Energy efficiency Power is supplied by a power supply

Additionally, power is provided by solar
panels
Maintenance and servicing Must be usable under dry and harsh
environmental conditions.

The device should be pleasing to the eye. Featuring a visual shape and color scheme

The device's portability Light weight.

using outside Mounting of the device is possible outside.

Table 3.1 Requirement Analysis

8
 4)Design specification
4.1 Project Design specification V1

Product specification In detail

Water mill capacity Up to 10liters/2.6 gallons a day

Dimension 50cm x 40cm x20cm

Weight Without water: 4 Kg

With water: 14 Kg

Power consumption 300W (0.3KWH for produce liter of water)

Alternative power consumption Car batteries, solar panel and windmills.

Dc power voltage DC 12V (include adapter)

Ac power voltage & frequency AC 220-240V/50Hz

Air filtration (HEPA) air filter, removable filter

Water filtration Active carbon water purification system

Noise level >60DB

Material HDPE outside material and stainless steel and aluminum

frame.

Waterproof & whether proof All fans with IP67 protection and sealed electronic parts

Table 4,4.1 Project Design specification V1

9
4.2) Industry Standards
Specification Equipment’s Standards

Electrical equipment  ASTM B75/B75M - Standard

Specification for Seamless Copper
Tube: This specification covers
seamless copper tube for use in heat
sinks and other similar applications.

 Household and similar electrical

equipment - Safety - Part 1 of BS EN
60335-1:2012: Basic prerequisites: The
general safety standards for household
and related electrical appliances are
outlined in this standard. It covers
atmospheric-only water generators used
in homes or other similar environments.
Safety  BS EN 50581:2012 - Technical
documentation for the assessment of
electrical and electronic products with
respect to the restriction of hazardous
substances: This standard sets out the
requirements for technical
documentation that can be used to
demonstrate compliance with the
Restriction of Hazardous Substances
(RoHS) Directive. Compliance with
this standard can help AWG
manufacturers to ensure that their
products do not contain harmful
substances.
Condensing system  BS EN 1717:2019 - Protection against
pollution of potable water in water
installations and general requirements
of devices to prevent pollution by
backflow. This standard specifies
requirements for devices that prevent
pollution of potable water in water
installations.
Water quality and purity standards  According to BS 6920-1:2018, non-
metallic items should be suitable for
use in contact with water meant for
human consumption due to their impact

10
 on the water's quality. In order to
ensure that non-metallic materials do
not impair the quality of water meant
for human consumption, this standard
establishes standards and test
procedures for such materials.
 WHO Standards –
It's vital to remember that variables like
humidity levels, temperature, and air
quality can affect the quality of the
water generated by atmospheric water
producers. To ensure that the water
generated continuously satisfies the
appropriate purity criteria, regular
monitoring and maintenance of the
atmospheric water generator system are
therefore necessary.

Air filtration systems  High-efficiency air filters (HEPA

filters) are used in cleanrooms and
other applications where air purity is
essential. The specifications for HEPA
filters are outlined in the standard
known as BS EN 1822. HEPA filters
are made to filter out airborne particles
as small as 0.3 microns.
 The specifications for air filters used in
conventional ventilation systems are
outlined in BS EN 779. In accordance
with the efficiency of particle size,
airflow resistance, and dust-holding
capacity, the standard specifies the
performance requirements for air
filters.
Materials
 ASTM D638 - Standard Test Method
for Tensile Properties of Plastics:
This standard specifies the test
method for measuring the tensile
properties of plastics, which could
be relevant if the AWG frame is
made of plastic

Table 4,4.2 Industry Standards

Specification Standard Compare and

contrast
Power system and The International Electrotechnical By using these standards, we

11
electrical Commission, a global standards agency, can avoid electrical hazards
equipment’s developed the standards on which the IEC in our products and prevent
320 C13/C14 connectors are based. damage caused by short
 ASTM B75/B75M - Standard circuits.
Specification for Seamless
Copper Tube: This specification Use these standard coper
tubes.
covers seamless copper tube for
use in heat sinks and other similar
applications
Size and weigh Heavy weight and too large in size and Designed to be lightweight
Difficult to carry in hand. for hand carrying.
Material ASTM D638 - Standard Test Method for Since HDPE plastic is used,
Tensile Properties of Plastics: This
it is durable, so it has the
standard specifies the test method for
measuring the tensile properties of ability to withstand different
plastics, which could be relevant if the climatic conditions and lasts
AWG frame is made of plastic.
for a long time.
Water quality WHO Standards – Activated carbon filters and
It's vital to remember that outdoor air provide clean water
variables like humidity levels,
temperature, and air quality can free from microorganisms and
affect the quality of the water other heavy metal constituents.
generated by atmospheric water
producers. To ensure that the
water generated continuously
satisfies the appropriate purity
criteria, regular monitoring and
maintenance of the atmospheric
water generator system are
therefore necessary.

4.3) Comparison between standards and PDS V1

12
4.4) Product Design specification Version 2
Product specification In -detail
specification
dimension Length 50cm
Width 20cm
Height 40cm
weight 4kg
power Power supply 300W
AC current AC 220-240V/50Hz
DC current 12DC power supply
Secondary power source Car batteries, solar panel
Transportation Lifting Hand carrying
External form Color Black and grey

shapes Box type

Water quality Air filter system HEPA air filter

Water filter UV water filter/active carbon filter

Airflow speed Adjustable airflow speed

Other Affordability Cheaper than tap water

Warranty 6-year warranty and free militance

Eco -friendly Equipped with eco-friendly

warranty 6 years warranty and free maintenance
Standards and Electrical components ICE 60335-1
certification
Water purity EU standards

Materials ASTM D459

Table 4,4.4 PDS V2

13
5) Explain on influence for PDS
5.2) Explain the influence of the stakeholder’s design brief
 Is it capable of working with other power supply besides fixed power supply?

The components in the device can be powered by direct current i.e., home AC 220-
240V / 50Hz and also using DC 12V. The device is also powered by solar panels,
wind turbines and vehicle batteries and can be directly connected so that it can be
powered from another power supply in case of any emergency.

 It is easily portable in use?

It is small in size and the materials used to create it are light in weight, so it is easy to
carry in hand.

 Is it cheaper than tap water production and worth it?

The amount taken from the government for the water consumption per day on an
average
300𝑳 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒎𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒉 = 𝟎.3 𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒕 (𝒈𝒆𝒕 𝒊𝒕 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒃𝒐𝒂𝒓𝒅)

the daily electricity consumption.

𝟎. 𝟑 × 𝟐𝟒 × 𝟑𝟎 = 𝟐𝟏𝟔𝑲𝑾𝑯 𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒕(𝒈𝒆𝒕 𝒊𝒕 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚𝒃𝒐𝒂𝒓𝒅)
[(𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕 × 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕 𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒆)+ 𝒇𝒊𝒙𝒆𝒅 𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒆]
𝟑𝟎 =
[(𝟐𝟏𝟔 × 𝟐. 𝟓)+ 𝟏]
𝟑𝟎 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟎𝟑 𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒅𝒂𝒚.
Since the water produced here is obtained from the air bubble, it does not contain any
heavy metals, so this water is safer than tap water, and the carbon filter available here
makes this water safer than tap water.
 Is it possible to control the flow of air through the condenser?
Yes, it has the ability to automatically change the air flow when the environment
changes. It is done by the sensors present here. In addition, it can be operated
manually.

14
 Has this been manufactured in such a way that it can be installed outdoors in harsh
environmental conditions?

A brand-new kind of compressor has been created that can be operated outside and is
waterproof. It is constructed from a unique substance (HDPE) that can endure
extreme temperatures and be utilized indoors. All of these fans meet IP67 standards.

 Does it have eye-pleasing color combinations and beautiful shapes?

The design is stunning, all components are created using HDPE technology, and it
comes in a range of colors that are pleasing to the eye.

 Is it easy to use even by people with minimal technical knowledge?

The design is stunning, all components are created using HDPE technology, and it
comes in a range of colors that are pleasing to the eye.

 Can this be used in emergencies and war situations?

It is ideal for battlefield operations as it emits very little noise and is light in weight
and can be used in any harsh environment.
Its camouflaged color and small size make it invisible to the enemy.
 It is durable and affordable for people to buy?

Ocean Black Technology, which the heat exchanger is comprised of, guards against
corrosion and oxide binding. This device is more cost-effective at Rs. 25,000 and
comes with a 6-year guarantee and service life. In addition to being UV resistant,
HDPE technology does not require gas replenishment.

15
5.2) Influence for Other Design Specification
1. Energy source: The AWG's power source may have an impact on the design
requirements. For instance, an AWG powered by solar energy can differ in its
characteristics from one powered by grid electricity

2. Maintenance: The design requirements may also be influenced by the ease of

maintenance and the accessibility of replacement parts. In comparison to a device
made for use in a more urban setting, a remote-use device might need to be more
robust and have fewer replacement parts.

3. Air Quality: The AWG's performance may be impacted by the air's quality. For
instance, if the air is heavily contaminated with dust, pollen, or other particles, the
device's performance may suffer or the filters may become clogged. Therefore, a
filtration system that can handle the anticipated air quality should be included in the
AWG design specifications.

4. Power consumption: The amount of power required to operate an AWG can vary
depending on the size and capacity of the device. Therefore, the AWG design
specification should take into account the available power supply at the location
where it is used. Hence, there is the possibility of using car batteries as an additional
power supply.

5. AWGs often have filter systems to remove pollutants from air and water. The
performance and effectiveness of AWG depends on the type of filter used and the
level of filter use that can be used over a long period of time.

16
6) Planning a project schedule
6.1) Evaluate planning techniques
The process of determining the efficacy and efficiency of various planning methods or
approaches is known as the evaluation of planning strategies. In order to determine goals, set
targets, allocate resources, and devise strategies to attain desired results, planning approaches
are utilized. Analyzing the benefits and drawbacks of various planning strategies allows us to
decide which ones are best suited for a certain situation.

6.2) Critical path analysis

A project management method called Critical Path Analysis (CPA) is used to pinpoint the
crucial steps that have a direct bearing on how quickly a project is completed. To establish
the critical route, it is necessary to identify the activities, their dependencies, durations, and
limitations. The critical path is the longest path of tasks that must be finished in the quickest
amount of time in order to finish the project on schedule.

Here, the atmospheric hydro generator project includes the design, procurement of materials,
assembly, testing and installation of the generator. In order to perform critical path analysis,
we need to identify the activities to determine the critical path, approval deadlines and
constraints to see if the prototype is correct.

17
6.3) Gantt chart

Table 6.3 Gantt chart

18
 start

Define the problem.

6.4) Flow chart

Market research and customer

needs analysis

Create design ideas and choose the

best course of action

Evaluate the chosen ideas

condensing system

create the model of air and water

purification system

Testing this in different

environmental conditions.

Adapt the design in light of the test

results.

Build a entire product prototype

Determining whether the

stakeholders approve of this product

No Is
stakeholders
take the
approve

Yes

evaluate the finished product

through testing

Introduce the product

END
19
 6.5) Critical path method -Diagram
Activit description predecessor Time
y duration
(WEEK)
A Define the problem.
- 1
B Market research and customer needs analysis
- 2
C Create design ideas and choose the best course of
action
B 3
D Evaluate the chosen ideas
C 1
E Create detailed prototype condensing system
D 1
F create the model of air and water purification system
E, D 1
G Testing this in different environmental conditions.
F 2

H Adapt the design in light of the test results.

G 1

I Build an entire product prototype

H 1

J Determining whether the stakeholders approve of this

product
I 1

K evaluate the finished product

J 1

L Introduce the product

K 1

Table 6,6.5 Critical path method -Diagram

20
 6.6) Critical Path Method Calculations
The total project time is 15
Critical activities are A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L
For each non-critical 6 1 7 7 1 8 8 2 10 10 1 11
activity, the total float, E F G H free
float 6 0 7 7 0 8 8 0 10 10 0 11

C
12 1 13
J
A
12 0 13
start
E
B
D
G H 14 I1 15 J 13 1 14K
L K
14 0 15 13 0 14
F K

END L

Network diagram

0 1 1 2 3 5
A C
1 1 2 2 0 5

11 1 12
START I
11 0 12
0 2 2
5 1 6
B D
0 0 2 5 0 6

Network diagram 2 END

21
22
Critical Path Analysis
determines the order in which
the various tasks must be
finished in order to finish the
project on schedule.
uses arrows and nodes to
depict the order of tasks and
their dependencies.
Let's check which tasks are
behind schedule.
determines the earliest project
completion date by estimating
the length of each activity.
aids in determining the
project's critical route, its
earliest probable completion
date, and any potential delays
used in complex projects with
lots of interconnected jobs,
like building or software
development
6.7) Compare critical path Analysis and gantt chart, Flow
chart
Table 6,6.7 compare critical path
Gantt Chart
a graphic depiction of the
project schedule where each
task is represented by a
horizontal bar indicating its
time.
displays dependencies as
arrows and tasks as horizontal
bars.
Let's check which tasks are
behind schedule.
displays the duration of each
task and the timeline for the
entire project.
enables easy tracking of
progress and communication
of the project timeline by
providing a visual
representation of the project
schedule.
used to inform stakeholders
about the project timeline,
manage resources, and
measure project progress.
23
Flow chart
a graphic depiction of the
project's task or process flow,
with each step represented by
a different shape or symbol.
uses images to represent tasks,
with arrows indicating the
progression between them.
There were no jobs that fell.
does not immediately display
time analysis, but it can be
used to locate process flow
inefficiencies or bottlenecks.
aids in visual process
communication, identifies
decision points and potential
inefficiencies in the process
flow.
used to evaluate and enhance
corporate operations like
production and customer
service.
The three techniques I studied above, Critical Path Analysis and Flow Chart Gantt Charts,
have different levels of strengths and weaknesses inherent in them. However, in order to
present the most analytical facts from this study and draw conclusions with a foundation, I
will use the Critical Path Analysis section of this project. I think it will be better for.

Overall, CPA is a valuable tool for project managers since it aids in the identification of key
activities, efficient time management, resource allocation, and project management
flexibility. Project managers can guarantee that their projects are finished on schedule and
under budget by employing CPA.

24
7) Design Solutions

7.1) Design techniques used

Design techniques are particular methods and strategies that designers utilize to produce
powerful designs. The techniques used can range from idea generation and brainstorming
through the development of wireframes and prototypes, as well as the selection of colors and
typefaces for the arrangement of content utilizing grids and other visual frameworks

Brainstorming

A group problem-solving method called brainstorming is utilized to come up with a lot of

original ideas or solutions to a certain issue or challenge. It is a widely used method to
encourage innovation and idea production in a variety of fields, including business,
education, and design.

Here are the steps to use the Brainstorming:

 Define the problem or challenge
 Gather a group of participants
 Set the ground rules
 Generate ideas
 Organize and refine the ideas
 Evaluate the ideas
 Select the best idea

Mind mapping
A graphic brainstorming method called mind mapping is used to link and organize thoughts
or information. It entails drawing a diagram that begins with a main idea or topic and
branches out into related ideas, associations, and subtopics. When making decisions, solving
problems, taking notes, or studying, mind maps are frequently utilized as a tool.

Rapid ideation
The process of "rapid ideation" is used to produce a lot of ideas in a short period of time. It is
frequently used to swiftly explore a wide range of concepts and possibilities in the design and
innovation industries.
As many ideas as you can in the allotted time, which is often between 5 and 15 minutes.
Participants are urged to use their imaginations and think beyond the box, but the emphasis is
on quantity over quality.

25
Star bursting
Using the brainstorming process known as "star bursting," you can come up with inquiries
regarding a particular concept, item, or subject. It is a structured process that involves asking
a series of questions, beginning with the five W's (who, what, when, where, why), and often
includes additional questions related to the idea or topic.
.

26
Mind maping

Figure 7.7.2: mind mapping

27
Star bursting

Figure 7.7.2: Star-Busting Technique

28
7.2) Design Solution Concept
I presented three design concepts as solutions for the water generators in this project. From
these design concepts, in general, in the process of generating water from the air, the machine
can generate water from the air in the atmosphere, and it should be light enough to be
convenient for the user.

Concept one: - From this concept, I basically designed it in the shape of a simple box,
which is a low-cost, easy-to-carry device. Also, this is powered by a 12-watt power supply.
And for this, a solar panel has been used as an additional power supply. Also, two outer
frames are installed for easy portability. Furthermore, the intake air is filtered and the
produced water is converted into purer water by an active carbon filter

Concept two: - This concept is also designed by me in the form of a simple box and two
heat sinks are added to it. This is slightly heavier than the first concept. Here, like the
previous concept, a 12v power supply is connected. There are difficulties.

Concept three: - This design was created by me in the shape of a cylinder. For this design,
as I mentioned in the first concept above, a 12v power supply is connected as power, but here
only one fan is used to get air from the outside. Here is basically an evaporator. By
connecting to the heat sink contained here, the outside air is condensed. This design is
relatively small in size.

29
8)prototyping
8.1) module of solution concept 1

30
 Solar panel

fan Handle

Wall mounting
clip Power
supply unite

active carbon
filter Compressor

condenser UV filter

Water tank

evaporator

31
8.2) module of solution concept 2

32
33
8.3) module of solution concept 3

34
35
9) Evaluation

9.1) Evaluation of standard analytical and assessment

models for comparing solutions

Tools and procedures used to analyze and assess how well companies, their goods, and
services adhere to industry-specific standards and best practices are known as industry
standards evaluation and analytical tools. These tools are made to assist firms in assessing
their operations and locating opportunities to increase productivity, cut expenses, and adhere
to regulations.

Various types of analytical tools are used to perform these processes.

 Pugh matrix
 Fish bone
 Decision matrix

Pugh matrix
The Pugh matrix, also known as the decision matrix, is a decision-making tool used to
evaluate and compare different alternatives against a set of criteria.
Here are the steps to use the Pugh matrix:
 Identify the criteria
 Create a matrix: Create a matrix with each alternative
listed in a column and each criterion listed in a row.
 Give each criterion a weight: Give each criterion a
weight to represent its relative importance.
 Score each alternative: Score each alternative against
each criterion, using a scale of +1, 0, or -1. A score of
+1 indicates that the alternative is better than the
criteria, 0 indicates that it is equal, and -1 indicates that
it is worse
 Calculate the total score
 Select the most suitable option: The greatest option is
the one with the highest overall score.

36
Decision matrix
A decision matrix is a tool used to assess and rank several possibilities according to a
number of factors. It is frequently used in decision-making procedures when numerous
possibilities must be taken into account and assessed in light of various aspects or
criteria. The decision matrix works by creating a table with options listed in rows and
criteria listed in columns.
Each criterion is weighted according to how important it is, and each choice is then
evaluated on a scale of 0 to 5 (or on any other scale that makes sense for the particular
decision). The ratings are multiplied by the weights, and the sum of the resulting scores
is used to get the final score for each option.
The decision-maker can then compare and rank the options using the matrix to
determine which have the highest overall scores. The option with the highest score is
typically thought to be the best option, but before making a final selection, the decision
maker may want to take other aspects, such cost or feasibility, into account.

Fish bone
A visual tool for determining the root causes of a problem or issue is a root cause
diagram, sometimes referred to as a fishbone diagram or an Ishikawa diagram. The
illustration has the appearance of a fishbone, with the issue or problem mentioned at
the head and potential reasons listed along the "bones" of the fish.
The root cause diagram is a useful tool because it promotes a methodical and thorough
investigation of the issue and assists in identifying the root causes of the issue rather
than just its symptoms. Additionally, it offers a visual representation of the issue and its
root causes, making it simpler to explain the analysis to others and spot problem areas
that require more research or action.

37
 9.2) Pugh matrix to produce a possible design solution
criteria weigh Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3
t
VAL1 VAL1*WT VAL2 VAL2*WT VAL3 VAL3*WT

Water How much water 0.25 9 2.25 7 1.75 5 1.25

production the generator can
rate produce per day.
Energy Important to 0.20 9 1.8 8 1.6 8 1.6
efficiency minimize its energy
consumption
Reduce its impact 0.05 7 0.35 5 0.25 7 0.35
on the environment

Water Essential to ensure 0.25 8 2 7 1.75 6 1.5

purity that the water is
safe for
consumption
Life time durability 0.20 8 1.6 5 1 6 1.2
Reliability 0.20 7 1.4 7 1.4 6 1.2
Low maintains 0.05 8 0.4 7 0.35 9 0.45
Essay to use portability 0.25 9 2.25 6 1.5 8 2
weight 0.20 5 1 4 0.80 8 1.6
Essay 0.05 8 0.4 7 0.35 8 0.4

automated 0.05 8 0.4 6 0.30 7 0.35

physical Affordable cost 0.20 7 1.4 5 1 8 1.6

substitutes Attractive 0.05 8 0.4 6 0.30 7 0.35
Good size 0.05 9 0.45 6 0.30 7 0.35
Other Noise 0.20 6 1.2 4 0.80 5 1

Total 17.3 13.45 15.2

rank 1 3 2

 According to this Pugh matrix, it appears that the first concept has obtained the
highest value from the given values according to the comparative analysis.

38
 Therefore, as a possible conclusion, it is the first concept that can be developed
as an atmospheric water generator system based on the air obtained from the
outer atmosphere

9.3) Compliance and risk assessment

Risk assessment
Risk Probability Impact of the Affection of Correction
risk the user strategy
Produced water Low High Serious health Establish a UV
may contain problems may protection system
harmful occur and use quality
microorganisms. filter air filters to
be free of harmful
microbes.
Electrical faults Medium High Serious damage Use of proper
or electrical may occur standard raw
shocks may occur materials to avoid
for any number of circuit defects.
reasons Use of electrical
insulation
materials.
The system's Medium Low Increase in Strong mounting
components could maintenance costs of internal
be harmed by the components to
water generator's prevent any
continuous movement or
movement. damage

Table 9,9.3 Risk assessment

39
Compliance
The paragraph is highlighting that there are various laws and standards that an atmospheric
water generator must comply with. Compliance means adhering to certain rules, regulations,
and standards to ensure that the product is safe and meets the necessary requirements.

Compliance used In details

Electrical and electronic standards Standards aim to prevent electrical hazards

and ensure that electrical and electronic
products do not pose a risk of injury or
damage to people or property. Overall, the
objectives of electrical and electronic
standards are to promote the safe, efficient,
and sustainable use of these products in
various applications, from consumer
electronics to industrial equipment and
infrastructure.
Water quality To ensure that the water generated by the
atmospheric water generator is safe for
consumption and does not contain any
dangerous contaminants, it must meet the
applicable water quality criteria.
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) To ensure that the equipment doesn't emit
excessive electromagnetic interference
(EMI) that can harm other devices and that it
is resistant to EMI from external sources, the
device must comply with EMC regulations.

Table 9,9.3 compliance

40
9.3) Effectiveness of the standards report for producing fully
compliant product

Product Design Specification – Version Two

conformity with industry The PDS's list of industry standards can be very helpful in creating a
standards compliant product that is reliable for both manufacturers and
consumers.

Reliability lists the common requirements of customers. The majority of

customers want replacement parts, a guarantee, and services after
buying this product. We are able to provide our consumers with that
service. I think this product will help our economy grow while also
marketing our products and business.

Standard for occupational Highly effective - Ensures a safe working environment for
health and safety employees involved in manufacturing and operating the generator

Relevance This product focuses on producing water out of thin air. Some
people who require drinking water find it useful. Most of the nations
in Africa and the Middle East are eligible to import this product.
The fundamental principles of ethics demand that this product be
safe. Clean drinking water is made available through water filters,
helping to maintain excellent health.

Table 9,.9.3 Effectiveness

41
10) Improvements
10.1) Final Design
Water production rate: The water production rate of atmospheric water generators is a
crucial factor. The volume of water generated per unit of time can be increased with changes
to the system design and component choices.
Maintenance and serviceability: To maintain the continuing performance of atmospheric
water generators, routine maintenance and servicing are essential. Reducing downtime and
increasing system efficiency can both be achieved by enhancing accessibility and ease of
maintenance.
Sustainability: By combining renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind power, the
atmospheric water generator can be made more environmentally friendly and more accessible
in off-the-grid or isolated locations.

Improvement area Description Impact

Compliance Make that the atmospheric
water generator complies
with all applicable safety,
environmental, and other
standards by conducting a
complete compliance
evaluation.
Build customer trust, stay out
of trouble with the law and
the law enforcement, and
enhance the quality of the
product overall.

Risk Assessment To identify possible dangers Enhance the atmospheric

and reduce them through water generator's safety and
design and process dependability, lower the
improvements, conduct a chance of mishaps and
thorough risk assessment. failures, and boost the quality
of the final product overall.
Manufacturability Review the design for increase uniformity and
manufacture to find ways to quality across all units,
streamline production decrease manufacturing
procedures and cut costs. costs, and increase
production speed and
efficiency.
Reliability: Atmospheric water generators' lifespans can be extended and the frequency of
maintenance and repairs decreased with increased reliability. This can be achieved by
utilizing premium parts and supplies, as well as better system monitoring and preventative
maintenance.

10.2) Improvements based on compliance, risk assessment

and manufacturability

42
Reference

43