U.S.

ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT CENTER AND SCHOOL

FORT SAM HOUSTON, TEXAS 78234-6100

ORGANIZATION OF PEST
MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS

SUBCOURSE MD0174 EDITION 100

 DEVELOPMENT

This subcourse is approved for resident and correspondence course instruction. It reflects the
current thought of the Academy of Health Sciences and conforms to printed Department of the
Army doctrine as closely as currently possible. Development and progress render such doctrine
continuously subject to change.

When used in this publication, words such as "he," "him," "his," and "men" 'are intended to
include both the masculine and feminine genders, unless specifically stated otherwise or when
obvious in context.

The instructional systems specialist responsible for development of this edition was William H.
Shade, DSN 471-8906 or commercial (210)221-8906; Academy of Health Sciences, Multimedia
Development Branch, ATTN: MCCS-HLD, 2250 Stanley Road (Room 326), Fort Sam Houston,
Texas 78234-6130.

The subject matter experts responsible for writing and content accuracy of this edition were from
Preventive Medicine Division, DSN 471-8909 or commercial (210)221-8909; Commander, U.S.
Army Medical Department Center and School, ATTN: MCCS-MP, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
78234-6100.

ADMINISTRATION

Students who desire credit hours for this correspondence subcourse must meet eligibility
requirements and must enroll through the Nonresident Instruction Branch of the U.S. Army
Medical Department Center and School (AMEDDC&S).

Application for enrollment should be made at the Internet website: http://www.atrrs.army.mil.

You can access the course catalog in the upper right corner. Enter School Code 555 for
medical correspondence courses. Copy down the course number and title. To apply for
enrollment, return to the main ATRRS screen and scroll down the right side for ATRRS
Channels. Click on SELF DEVELOPMENT to open the application and then follow the on
screen instructions.

In general, eligible personnel include enlisted personnel of all components of the U.S. Army who
hold an AMEDD MOS or MOS 18D. Officer personnel, members of other branches of the
Armed Forces, and civilian employees will be considered eligible based upon their AOC, NEC,
AFSC or Job Series which will verify job relevance. Applicants who wish to be considered for a
waiver should submit justification to the Nonresident Instruction Branch at e-mail address:
accp@amedd.army.mil.

For comments or questions regarding enrollment, student records, or shipments, contact the
Nonresident Instruction Branch at DSN 471-5877, commercial (210) 221-5877, toll-free 1-800-
344-2380; fax: 210-221-4012 or DSN 471-4012, e-mail accp@amedd.army.mil, or write to:

NONRESIDENT INSTRUCTION BRANCH

AMEDDC&S
ATTN: MCCS-HSN
2105 11TH STREET SUITE 4191
FORT SAM HOUSTON TX 78234-5064
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Lesson Paragraphs Page

INTRODUCTION ii

1. INSTALLATION PEST MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS 1-1

Section I. Introduction.1 1-1--1-2 1-2

Section II. The Pest Management Program 1-3--1-7 1-6

Exercises 1-13

2. PEST MANAGEMENT DURING MILITARY

OPERATIONS 2-1--2-2 2-1

Exercises 2-6

3. PEST MANAGEMENT SUPPORT ORGANIZATIONS 3-1--3-2 3-1

Exercises 3-5

4. SUPPORT OF PEST MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS 4-1

Section I. Requisitioning of Supplies and

Equipment 4-1--4-4 4-2
Section II. Supply Programming 4-5--4-6 4-4

Exercises 4-5

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure Page

1-1 Typical Organization of Directorate of Public Works 1-7

MD0164 i
 CORRESPONDENCE COURSE OF
THE U.S. ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT CENTER AND SCHOOL

SUBCOURSE MD0174

ORGANIZATION OF PEST MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS

INTRODUCTION

The control of insects, rodents, weeds, and other pests is an essential service that
should have high priority because of its importance in combating disease, maintaining
morale and efficiency, and preventing property loss. Measures now in practice have
reduced the incidence of disease to the lowest point in history, but only through an
aggressive, continuing program will this level be maintained. Unless they are effectively
controlled, insects and rodents could destroy enormous quantities of stored supplies
each year. By the same token, damage to buildings and other structures by termites,
woodborers, rodents, and fungi is a needless waste.

It is only through an effective pest management program that these pests will be
controlled. A functionally organized pest management shop will greatly increase the
efficiency of the overall operation and contribute to maximum mission accomplishment.
It is the objective of this subcourse to provide general guidelines for organizing pest
management operations that may be adaptable to the operation at your home station.

Subcourse Components:

This subcourse consists of four lessons and an examination. The lessons are:

Lesson 1. Installation Pest Management Operations.

Lesson 2. Pest Management During Military Operations.

Lesson 3. Pest Management Support Organizations.

Lesson 4. Support of Pest Management Operations.

Credit Awarded:

Upon successful completion of this subcourse, you will be awarded 4 credit

hours.

MD0164 ii
Materials Furnished:

Materials provided include this booklet, an examination answer sheet, and an

envelope. Answer sheets are not provided for individual lessons in this subcourse
because you are to grade your own lessons. Exercises and solutions for all lessons are
contained in this booklet. You must furnish a #2 pencil.

Procedures for Subcourse Completion:

You are encouraged to complete the subcourse lesson by lesson. When you
have completed all of the lessons to your satisfaction, fill out the examination answer
sheet and mail it to the AMEDDC&S, along with the Student Comment Sheet, in the
envelope provided. Be sure that your social security number is on all correspondence
sent to the AMEDDC&S. You will be notified by return mail of the examination results.
Your grade on the examination will be your rating for the subcourse.

Study Suggestions:

Here are some suggestions that may be helpful to you in completing this
subcourse:

--Read and study each lesson carefully.

--Complete the subcourse lesson by lesson. After completing each lesson, work
the exercises at the end of the lesson, marking your answers in this booklet.

--After completing each set of lesson exercises, compare your answers with
those on the solution sheet, which follows the exercises. If you have answered
an exercise incorrectly, check the reference cited after the answer on the
solution sheet to determine why your response was not the correct one.

--As you successfully complete each lesson, go on to the next. When you have
completed all of the lessons, complete the examination. Mark your answers in
this booklet; then transfer your responses to the examination answer sheet
using a #2 pencil and mail it to the AMEDDC&S for grading.

Student Comment Sheet:

Be sure to provide us with your suggestions and criticisms by filling out the
Student Comment Sheet (found at the back of this booklet) and returning it to us with
your examination answer sheet. Please review this comment sheet before studying this
subcourse. In this way, you will help us to improve the quality of this subcourse.

MD0164 iii
 LESSON ASSIGNMENT

LESSON 1 Installation Pest Management Operations.

TEXT ASSIGNMENT Paragraphs 1-1 through 1-7.

LESSON OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you should be able to:

1-1. Identify commander and organization

responsibilities for supervision, execution, and
evaluation of pest management operations.

1-2. Identify building occupant responsibilities in

relation to pest management.

1-3. Identify the components of a properly planned

and executed pest management operation.

1-4. Identify the personnel of a pest management

shop and their responsibilities.

1-5. Identify procedures for recording and reporting

requirements.

SUGGESTION After completing the assignment, complete the

exercises of this lesson. These exercises will help you
to achieve the lesson objectives.

MD0174 1-1
 LESSON 1

INSTALLATION PEST MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS

Section I. INTRODUCTION

1-1. GENERAL

There are many species of insects, rodents, and related pests that seriously
affect military operations by spreading disease, reducing efficiency of personnel, or
destroying property. Such diseases as malaria, typhus, lyme disease, dengue, sandfly
fever, encephalitis, plague, filariasis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, tularemia,
dysentery, cholera, and typhoid fever can result in death, or at the very least, a
reduction in effective man-hours. Insects and rodents annually destroy enormous
quantities of stored food and other supplies. Termites, rodents, woodborers, and fungi
damage buildings and other structures. An effective insect and rodent control program
is imperative since forested areas, shade trees, shrubs, airfields, and grassed areas are
also subjected to damage and loss caused by pests.

1-2. RESPONSIBILITIES

a. General. The supervision and execution of pest management operations are

performed under the direction of the installation commander. Pest management
operations are conducted as a part of the scheduled installation maintenance programs
and include all measures for the safe and efficient control of insects, rodents, and other
pests. Pest management operations are a cooperative program involving the major
army command, the installation commander, the facility engineer, and the medical
authority. For the program to be successful, this cooperation is vital. Pest Management
operations are covered in detail in AR 420-76, Pest Management.

b. MACOM Commanders and PMCs. The MACOM (Major Army Command)

commanders will provide command and technical direction for implementing the pest
management program at installations under their command. They will designate
sufficient pest management consultants (PMCs) to ensure that all areas of pest
management have professional direction. They will coordinate annual installation on-
site pest management plan/program review schedules with other MACOMs, the U.S.
Army Environmental Hygiene Agency (USAEHA), and other services with installations in
the same geographical area to optimize the use of available personnel and minimize
travel costs. The PMCs will:

(1) Advise on all aspects of past management operations.

(2) Coordinate with other agencies to implement environmentally safe and

efficient pest management programs.

MD0174 1-2
 (3) Coordinate with Army medical authorities to implement their
responsibilities.

(4) Review and provide written approval to obtain and use pesticides and
pesticide dispersal equipment.

(5) Ensure that the following actions are taken:

(a) Perform annual on-site reviews of installation pest management

programs and plans.

(b) Provide recommendations that will result in safer, more

economical, and more effective operations to the facility engineer.

(c) Coordinate MACOM requirements for U.S. Army Medical

Department (AMEDD) professional pest management personnel (PPMP) help in
providing on-site reviews of installation pest management and pest surveillance
programs with the U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine
(USACHPPM).

(6) Maintain professional proficiency.

(7) Assist in providing on-the-job training for installation pest management

personnel.

(8) Maintain records of training and certification status of pesticide

applicators and check their activities to determine competence.

(9) Certify pest management personnel in accordance with DOD Plan for
the Certification of Pesticide Applicators.

(10) Review and approve technical provisions of all pest management

contracts prior to solicitation of bids.

(11) Provide technical review of all military construction, modification, and

repair projects to assure structural pest management requirements are met.

(12) Review and approve installation pest management plans.

(13) Review the installation self-help pest management program and

provide guidance to assure that it is effectively accomplished.

c. Installation Commanders. The installation commander will:

(1) Determine an installation’s position and responsibilities in community

wide pest management regarding quarantine and epidemics.

MD0174 1-3
 (2) Maintain liaison with MACOMs about pest surveys and investigations
proposed by other agencies.

(3) Establish leasee responsibility for using pesticides on military property.

(4) Initiate requests for aerial application of pesticides.

(5) Designate a pest management coordinator for all installation pest

management activities.

(6) Approve and support the installation pest management program

formulated by the facilities engineer and the installation surgeon and approved by the
MACOM PMC.

d. Directorate of Public Works. The directorate of public works (DPW) will:

(1) Prepare a comprehensive written pest management plan for the

installation.

(2) Supervise and direct pest management operations.

(3) Conduct preventive maintenance and surveillance inspections.

(4) Ensure that operating personnel receive adequate training to achieve

required pest management certification.

(5) Provide on-the-job training to new personnel.

(6) Obtain and maintain adequate supplies of pesticides and pesticide

dispersal equipment.

(7) Ensure all pest management operations are done safely.

(8) Decide the phases of pest management to be done by contract, based

on existing policies. Included are:

(a) Preparing needed specifications and technical provisions for the

contract.

(b) Arranging for the purchasing and contracting officer to obtain

contract services.

(c) Ensuring that personnel holding a valid Certificate of Competency

do contract operations per specifications through continuous inspection.

MD0174 1-4
 (9) Perform all record-keeping and reporting requirements in accordance with
AR 420-76.

(10) Inform heads of non-appropriated fund activities that applying

restricted-use pesticides at these activities will be done by, or under the direct
supervision of, trained and certified personnel. Also, they should be informed where
training facilities are located that train for certification of pesticide applicators.

(11) Ensure that pest management services are conducted so as to minimize

any adverse effects on the environment.

(12) Cooperate with the installation medical authority by:

(a) Furnishing and maintaining mosquito light traps.

(b) Performing essential pest management operations indicated by

results of surveillance of medically important and quarantined pests.

(c) Providing all needs to meet health safety criteria, including shops,
equipment, and protective gear.

(13) Maintain records of operations.

e. Medical Authority. The medical authority serving the installation will:

(1) Conduct surveillance of pest populations involved in the health of the

command and those involved in U.S. Department of Agriculture quarantine regulations.
The medical authority will provide the facilities engineer the results of the survey
activities.

(2) Conduct the installation pesticide-monitoring program.

(3) Obtain timely identification and susceptibility status of pests to pesticides

as necessary. Furnish this information to facilities engineers to be incorporated into
pest management operations.

(4) Establish health and personnel safety criteria for pesticide operations.

(5) Assist the engineer MACOM PMC to conduct annual on-site installation
pest management program reviews.

(6) Provide the certification training of pesticide applicators in accordance

with the DOD plan.

(7) Conduct other responsibilities as required by Federal, DOD, DA, or

command directives.

MD0174 1-5
 f. Building Occupants. Occupants of buildings, including family housing, will:

(1) Apply good sanitation practices to prevent pest infestations.

(2) Apply only those pesticides approved for use.

(3) Cooperate fully with installation pest management personnel in

scheduling major operations, to include preparing the areas to be treated.

(4) Obtain, through command channels, MACOM PMC approval before

using any contract pest control services.

g. Installation Pest Management Coordinator. The coordinator will:

(1) Develop and monitor the installation pest management annual work
plans.

(2) Coordinate with activities conducting pest surveillance or applying

pesticides to ensure all applicable information is recorded and reported per AR 420-76.

Section II. THE PEST MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

1-3. ORGANIZATION

Programs of properly planned and executed pest management operations

prevent undesirable infestations from developing on military installations. It is essential
that pest management operations be organized along functional lines geared to the
accomplishment of the mission—the elimination of harmful pests. A functionally
structured organization leads to a clear understanding of areas of responsibility,
provides each person assigned with an understanding of what must be done, and
greatly aids in ensuring that all work is accomplished. Although a definite organizational
structure will be helpful in the accomplishment of the mission, it is important that it not
be so rigidly structured that it loses its flexibility.

a. Pest management is a function of the Operations and Maintenance Division

of the DPW. Figure 1-1 shows the organization of a typical DPW.

MD0174 1-6
 Figure 1-1. Typical organization of Directorate of Public Works

MD0174 1-7
 b. Various branches/sections (Insect and Rodent Control Section, Land
Management Branch, Fish and Wildlife Branch, etc.) provide the following pest
management services:

(1) Provide trained and certified personnel to accomplish pest control in

buildings and on grounds.

(2) Conduct pest management programs for the protection of personnel,

material, dry food stores, buildings, grounds, and other facilities.

(3) Provide inspection support for pest control work done by contract.

(4) Prepare statistical activity reports, as required.

1-4. FUNCTIONS

The pest management program implements an IPM program to include:

a. The application of insecticides, rodenticides, herbicides, and fungicides;

trapping and baiting for rodent control; and all other pest control measures applied in
and under buildings to protect them, their occupants, and their contents from insects,
rodents, fungi, and related pests.

b. Measures for the management of pests on the grounds of Army installations

and, when applicable, in immediately adjacent areas. These may include the
preparation of requests for and assistance in the accomplishment of aerial application of
insecticides.

c. All measures applied for the management of pests in stockpiles of supplies

including subsistence, clothing, and other materials. These measures include
atmospheric fumigation; the use of insecticides and fungicides for the preservation of
lumber and other wood products; and the use of residual and space sprays, screening,
and all other operations utilized in the control of pests in stored materials.

d. Adequate training programs, under engineer supervision, for personnel

assigned to insect and rodent control operations, and cooperation with the installation
surgeon in training preventive medicine units in pest management techniques
applicable to theaters of operation.

1-5. PERSONNEL

Within the past few years, hundreds of new pesticides have been developed and
still newer pesticides are being tested. These new chemicals permit new approaches to
pest control through their residual and other actions. These newer pesticides,
unfortunately, may present a wide range of hazards in their use. Therefore, it is
imperative that personnel be carefully selected and certified for pest management

MD0174 1-8
positions. It is through certification that commanders can be assured that personnel are
qualified to conduct pest management operations in a safe, effective, and economical
manner. Trained pest controllers who are employed in the facilities engineering
organization and are certified include:

a. The Supervisor. The supervisor is in charge of and supervises the pest

management services performed by the Directorate of Public Works.

b. The Foreman. The foreman is directly responsible to the supervisor and is in

charge of one or more working groups or crews engaged in performing pest
management services.

c. Other Pest Controllers. These are the personnel under the supervision of
the foreman or supervisor. They perform pest control services individually or as
members of working groups or crews.

1-6. RESPONSIBILITIES OF PEST MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL

The Pest Management Section of the Directorate of Public Works is responsible

for the planning, supervision, execution, and evaluation of pest management
operations. These services include:

a. Preparing and utilizing work plans and schedules for safe and efficient pest
management operations.

(1) Work schedule programming. A standard method of work scheduling

should be established in all pest management shops. As a rule, two-thirds of the total
effort should be oriented toward the accomplishment of routine preventive control work
based on a standard work schedule. Work schedules should be programmed as far in
the future as practical. Properly used, work schedules can assist in accomplishing the
overall mission in addition to giving pest management personnel the opportunity to see
exactly what must be accomplished in each time period. Additionally, programming
work far in advance allows realistic and fair programming of leaves and allows the
supervisor to visualize when time and resources will be available to catch up on special
pest management projects or other short-term requirements.

(2) The seasonal concept. The annual schedule of operations should reflect
all the work that must be done, including the seasonal work that must be accomplished
during certain periods and the non-seasonal work that must be conducted throughout
the year. This annual schedule of operations should be set up to reflect the four-season
concept of major pest management activities, to permit the most effective utilization of
available manpower, and to produce the maximum control of local pests. The schedule
should also reflect those minor control activities carried out throughout the year, those
which are required infrequently, and service orders.

MD0174 1-9
 b. Conducting surveillance inspections to determine need for pest management
and effectiveness of accomplished management operations.

c. Protecting the environment from undesirable pesticide effects.

d. Establishing procedures in conjunction with:

(1) Construction and maintenance for control of termites, wood borers, and
wood rot.

(2) Screening and rodent proofing of buildings and structures.

(3) Prevention and control of pests in stored supplies (including subsistence,

clothing and other textiles, household goods, and wood products) by fumigation,
residual sprays, poison baits, and other measures.

(4) Applications of preservatives to lumber and allied forest products.

(5) Use of pesticides for soil treatment.

(6) Draining, clearing, and ditching to control vegetation and prevent

mosquito breeding.

(7) Application of pesticides for protection of grasses, ornamentals, and

trees.

(8) Control of rats, mice, field rodents, nuisance birds, and predatory
animals.

(9) Pest control phases of woodland and wildlife management programs.

(10) Maintenance of pest management shop and storage facilities.

(11) Storage and minor maintenance of tools and equipment (sprayers,

dusters, and so forth.).

e. Applying pesticides (residual and aerosol sprays, dusts, and baits) in and
around buildings and structures.

f. Conducting related operations.

1-7. RECORDS AND REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

a. Adequate records of all pest management operations must be maintained.

The records act as a reference for monitoring and managing pest management
operations.

MD0174 1-10
 b. All installations will maintain daily records of pest management activities on
DD Form 1532-1 (Pest Management Maintenance Record) or other similar formats.
Included are the data required by the MACOM for the pest management report. These
records will be retained at least 2 years.

c. Use DD Form 1532-1 to report all pesticides and pest control information.

d. Each installation and sub-installation performing pest management will submit

the reports monthly or in accordance with MACOM requirements. Copies will be
distributed according to instructions on the back of the DD form and to:

(1) The appropriate MACOM PMC.

(2) The installation medical authority (usually the Preventive Medicine

Activity).

(3) The USACHPPM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010.

e. These reports will include all pest control operations conducted by:

(1) The Directorate of Public Works.

(2) Contractors.

(3) Government-owned, contractor-operated activities.

(4) Non-appropriated fund activities, (for example, golf course).

(5) All out-grant lease holders.

(6) Installation self-help pest management activities.

f. These reports will include pest surveillance conducted by the following:

(1) Facilities engineer pest management personnel.

(2) Installation veterinarian.

(3) Installation preventive medicine personnel.

g. Installations will annually prepare the installation pest management plan

giving special attention to any pesticide application that:

(1) Uses a restricted-use pesticide.

MD0174 1-11
 (2) Uses any pesticide that could reasonably be expected to significantly
contaminate surface or ground water.

(3) Includes 259 or more contiguous hectares being treated as one

application. [Note: A hectare equals 2.471 acres, 259 hectares equals 640 acres or
one square mile.]

(4) Involves applying a pesticide by aircraft.

(5) Might adversely affect endangered or other protected species or habitat.

h. Included in the report will be such things as:

(1) Objective of the program (target pests, life stage or stages, and purpose).

(2) Surveillance (responsible organization or official, techniques and

procedures, locations, schedules).

(3) Treatment or control to be applied (responsible organization, non-

chemical controls, and pesticides).

(4) Sensitive areas (treated with caution or avoided).

(5) Special health and safety measures required.

(6) Any control procedures that require PMC approval or coordination with
the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB).

(7) Any remarks helpful in reviewing the program.

(8) Manpower requirements for prevention or control of the target pest based
upon the program detailed above.

Continue with Exercises

MD0174 1-12
EXERCISES, LESSON 1

INSTRUCTIONS: Answer the following exercises by marking the lettered response that
BEST answers the exercise, or BEST complete the incomplete statement, or by writing
the answer in the space provided at the end of the exercise.

After you have completed all of these exercises, turn to “Solutions to Exercises”
at the end of the lesson and check your answers. For each exercise answered
incorrectly, reread the material referenced with the solution.

SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR EXERCISES 1 THROUGH 4. Match the personnel in

Column I with the appropriate responsibility in Column II.

Column I Column II

1. ___ Installation commander. a. Directly responsible for crews

performing pest management.
2. ___ MACOM Pest Management
Consultant. b. Designates the pest management
coordinator for the installation.
3. ___ Foreman, Pest Management.
c. Is responsible for maintaining
4. ___ Medical authority. property expendable items.

d.. Conducts surveillance of pests

affecting the health of the command.

e. Participates in the Self-Help

Program.

f. Conducts annual reviews of

installation pest management
programs.

5. Who is responsible for coordinating with other agencies concerning

implementation of environmentally safe and efficient pest management programs?

a. The Directorate of Public Works (DPW).

b. The surgeon.
c. The MACOM PMC.
d. The foreman.

MD0174 1-13
6. The _________________________ will ensure that pest management personnel
receive adequate training to achieve required certification.

a. CDR, MEDDAC.
b. DPW.
c. CDR, Installation.
d. None of the above.

7. The ________________________ is responsible for record keeping and

reporting requirements to higher headquarters.

a. COR, MEDDAC.
b. DPW.
c. CDR, Installation.
d. None of the above.

8. Which of the following is not a responsibility of the medical authority?

a. Conduct surveillance of pest populations that affect the health of

the command.
b. Assist in conducting annual on-site pest management program reviews.
c. Develop a pest management plan for an installation.

9. Building occupants must use ______________________ measures to prevent

pest infestations.

a. Chemical control.
b. Mechanical control.
c. Good sanitation.
d. None of the above.

10. Building occupants may only apply pesticides:

a. From 2 gallon sprayers.

b. Approved for use.
c. Indoors.
d. None of the above.

MD0174 1-14
11. Installation pest management is a function of the:

a. Engineering Plans and Services Division, DPW.

b. Operations and Maintenance Division, DPW.
c. Housing Division, DPW.
d. None of the above.

12. Installation pest management programs should include what three items?

a. Adequate training, measures for the management of pests on grounds of

installations, and management of pests in stockpiles of supplies.
b. Adequate training, pests control in off post housing, pest control in
warehouses.
c. Adequate training, pest controls on grounds, pest control for deployed units.
d. None of the above.

13. An annual schedule of operations should be established to:

a. Provide more lead-time to catch up on special pest management projects.

b. Reflect the four-season concept of major pest management operations.
c. Ensure that pest management operations do not interfere with other
Directorate of Public Works (DPW) programs.

14. The Pest Management Section of the Directorate of Public Works is responsible
for:

a. Planning.
b. Supervision.
c. Execution.
d. Evaluation.
e. All of the above.

15. The person who is actively in charge of and supervises the pest management
services performed by the Directorate of Public Works (DPW) organization is the:

a. Pest controller only.

b. Foreman only.
c. Supervisor only.
d. Foreman and supervisor.

MD0174 1-15
16. Through a program of _______________________, commanders can be assured
that personnel are qualified to conduct pest management operations in a safe,
effective, and economical manner.

a. Using only experienced personnel.

b. Assigning only graduate entomologists.
c. Certification of pest controllers.
d. Rotating pest controllers through all related jobs.

17. How often must a Pest Management Report be submitted by an installation?

a. Daily.
b. Weekly.
c. Monthly.
d. Annually.

18. The Pest Management Report contains:

a. Only the amount of toxic materials that are being applied to the environment.
b. Only the number of man-hours being spent on pest management operations.
c. Only the current and projected level of expenses of pest management.
d. All of the above.

Check Your Answers on Next Page

MD0174 1-16
SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 1

1. b (para 1-2c(5))

2. f (para 1-2b(5)(a))

3. a (para 1-5b)

4. d (para 1-2e(1))

5. c (para 1-2b(2))

6. b (para 1-2d(4))

7. b (para 1-2d(9))

8. c (para 1-2g(1))

9. c (para 1-2f(1))

10. b (para 1-2f(2))

11. b (para 1-3a)

12. a (para 1-4b,c,d)

13. b (para 1-6a(2))

14. e (para 1-6)

15. c (para 1-5a)

16. c (para 1-5)

17. c (para 1-7d)

18. b (para 1-7h(5),(7),(8))

End of Lesson 1

MD0174 1-17
 LESSON ASSIGNMENT

LESSON 2 Pest Management During Military Operations.

TEXT ASSIGNMENT Paragraphs 2-1 through 2-2.

LESSON OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you should be able to:

2-1. Select responsibilities that an individual should

perform to ensure personal protection and/or
what management practices are conducted
IAW AR 40-5.

2-2. Select responsibilities that a unit should

perform to ensure personal protection and/or
what pest management practices are
conducted IAW AR 40-5.

2-3. Select responsibilities that should be

performed on an area basis to ensure personal
protection and/or what pest management
practices are conducted IAW AR 40-5.

SUGGESTION After completing the assignment, complete the

exercises of this lesson. These exercises will help
you to achieve the lesson objectives.

MD0174 2-1
 LESSON 2

PEST MANAGEMENT DURING MILITARY OPERATIONS

2-1. GENERAL

a. History teaches that in past conflicts, more soldiers have been rendered non-
effective from disease and non-battle injury (DNBI) than from injury received as a direct
result of combat. Preventable cases of diseases transmitted by arthropods (malaria,
dengue, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and typhus) and diseases associated with poor
sanitation and personal hygiene (hepatitis, cholera, typhoid, and dysentery) have
occurred which greatly affected combat operations. At certain times, the occurrence of
preventable diseases and non-battle injuries has affected fighting forces to the extent of
rendering major units combat noneffective. This has happened during critical tactical
operations and has on occasion seriously jeopardized mission accomplishment.

b. The commander of a military organization is responsible for the health of his

command. In the fulfillment of this responsibility, he is assisted by a staff of trained
specialists. Using the technical advice and guidance of these individuals, he issues
orders and enforces measures which will most effectively maintain sanitation and
practices conducive to the health and well being of his troops. The maintenance of their
health, and consequently their fighting efficiency is one of his greatest responsibilities.
The commander must rely on the cooperation and assistance from everyone in his unit.
Now, we will discuss the responsibility of personnel in his command and others out of
his command in providing a healthful environment in the field situation. Detailed
guidelines are presented in AR 40-5, Preventive Medicine.

2-2. LEVELS OF RESPONSIBILITY

a. Individual. The individual is the key in the prevention of arthropod-borne

diseases. Although the commander is ultimately responsible for the health of his
command, the individual must assume certain tasks to ensure that this responsibility is
achieved. This can be achieved through:

(1) Personal hygiene. Daily use of plain soap and water reduces the risk of
louse, tick, and flea infestations and thereby helps control related diseases, such as
typhus, relapsing fever, and plague. Frequent changing and laundering of clothing will
further reduce the possibility of arthropod-borne disease outbreaks within troop
populations. Proper diet and physical exercise are essential factors in conditioning to
withstand the effects of various arthropod-borne diseases.

(2) Proper wearing of uniform. Proper wearing of the uniform, to include

sleeves rolled down and buttoned, trousers tucked inside boots, buttoning of collar, and
wearing a hat, will help prevent bites and/or envenomization by arthropods. Although
this method is not 100 percent effective, it will significantly reduce casualties due to

MD0174 2-2
arthropod-borne diseases. Practices, which should be specifically avoided, include
wearing of shorts and short-sleeved shirts, wearing of skintight uniforms, and use of
blousing rubbers or rings on trousers.

(3) Immunization/chemoprophylaxis. At the present time, we have

immunizations for yellow fever, plague, typhoid, cholera, and epidemic typhus; however,
these immunizations must be administered at specified times prior to deployment to be
effective. Chemoprophylaxis in the form of chloroquine-primaquine tablets is available
for malaria control.

(4) Personal protective devices. Repellents such as DEET offer protection

against bites from mosquitoes, fleas, ticks, chiggers and many other arthropods when
applied to exposed skin and where the uniform fits tight. Permethrin is a clothing
impregnant which affords similar repel lent protection. The misguided use of dog or cat
flea/tick collars by humans as repel lent devices must be prevented. These devices are
toxic to humans. Aerosol insecticides, such as pyrethrin, resmethrin, and d-phenothrin,
are available to control flying insects. Mechanical exclusion of pests can be effected by
use of bednets and headnets.

(5) Avoidance techniques. The last of the personal protective measures

involves a combination of education and common sense. One of the most effective
methods of preventing vector-borne diseases is to avoid, when practical, those areas
inhabited by the vector or reservoirs of disease, be it arthropod, reptile, mammal, etc.
This involves educating personnel on those vectors that may be encountered in an
area, the diseases they carry, and their biologies, e.g. feeding habits, life cycle, habitat.

b. Unit (Echelon I). Under provisions of AR 40-5, the unit commander of each
company size or equivalent unit will appoint a field sanitation team. This team is
responsible for conducting special control operations essential to the establishment of a
healthful environment. It also provides the capability of controlling animal reservoirs,
disease vectors, and other unit area environmental sanitation hazards.

(1) Organization. The commander of each company, battery, or similar unit

required to perform field duties will appoint a field sanitation team. Medical specialists
(91B) organic or attached to deployed units will be trained and will function as the unit
field sanitation team. If medical personnel are not available, two soldiers will be
selected and trained, one of who must be a noncommissioned officer.

(2) Duties. The role of the field sanitation team is to aid the unit commander
in protecting troop health by advising and assisting in the many time-consuming duties
essential to the establishment and maintenance of a healthful environment. By means
of performance, instruction, supervision, assistance, inspection, and reporting, the field
sanitation team ensures that appropriate field sanitation facilities are established and
maintained and that effective sanitation and protective methods are practiced by the
troops. This role may be categorized both as basic sanitation and as arthropod and
rodent control. The duties as they relate to arthropod and rodent control are as follows:

MD0174 2-3
 (a) Ensure the practice of proper waste disposal. This is essential for
the control of arthropods and rodents.

(b) Explain to troops the ways in which arthropods may affect their
health and instruct them in the use of personal protective measures against arthropods.

(c) Supervise the application of pesticides as required in the control of

arthropods.

(d) Inspect to ensure the elimination of food and shelter for pests.

(e) Supervise the use of traps and rodenticides as required to control

rodents.

(f) Advise the unit commander of inadequacies.

(3) Training. The field sanitation team will be trained in use, maintenance,
and care of the field sanitation team equipment as well as communicable disease
control, food service sanitation, water supply, waste disposal, the use and repair of
insect screening and bednets, the use of residual and space insecticide sprays for pest
control, rodent control measures, mess sanitation, unit waste disposal, individual water
purification procedures, water supply residual chlorine determinations, and personal
hygiene.

c. Unit (Echelon II). Echelon II preventive medicine sections of the divisions,

separate brigades, and Armored Calvary Regiments (ACRs) are organized to
coordinate, supervise, and support the efforts of the unit field sanitation team. They are
responsible for:

(1) Assessing the medical threat and determining preventive medicine

measures.

(2) Advising commanders and staffs of preventive medicine requirements.

(3) Training, monitoring, and providing technical assistance to unit field

sanitation teams.

(4) Monitoring the training of all individuals in personal preventive medicine

measures.

(5) Conducting surveys, inspections, and limited control activities.

d. Unit (Echelon III and IV). Echelon III and IV preventive medicine
detachments provide general support on an area basis. On occasion detachments can
be attached to specific units in a direct support role. There are two types of preventive

MD0174 2-4
medicine detachments: Preventive Medicine Detachment (Sanitation) and Preventive
Medicine Detachment (Entomology).

(1) Both types of detachments contribute to the preventive medicine mission

of providing services and support within a theater of operations in the areas of
epidemiology, entomology, environmental science, and engineering.

(2) The Preventive Medicine Detachment (Entomology) has an additional

entomological control capability for providing large area surveillance, to include aerial
vector control.

(3) Assistance in conducting entomological surveillance beyond the

capabilities of these detachments is provided by the Theater Area Medical Laboratory
(TAML).

(4) These detachments are assigned on a basis of allocation, which may be

altered by analyzing the medical threat. The rule of thumb for allocation is two
sanitation and one entomology detachment per division supported. This number and
mix will depend on the specific theater and the anticipated DNBI threat.

Continue with Exercises

MD0174 2-5
EXERCISES, LESSON 2

INSTRUCTIONS: Answer the following exercises by marking the lettered response that
BEST answers the exercise, or best completed the incomplete statement, or by
indicating whether a statement is true or false.

After you have completed all of these exercises, turn to "Solutions to Exercises" at
the end of the lesson and check your answers. For each exercise answered incorrectly,
reread the material referenced with the solution.

1. The most fundamental and effective approach for preventing arthropod-borne

disease is the:

a. Area level.
b. Unit level.
c. Individual level.
d. None of the above.

2. Which of the following personal hygiene tasks is not a procedure the individual
can do to prevent arthropod-borne disease?

a. Use soap and water.

b. Change and launder clothing frequently.
c. Wear a flea collar around his neck.
d. Eat a proper diet.
e. Frequent physical exercise.

3. Which of the following tasks is the responsibility of the individual?

a. Personal hygiene.
b. Proper wearing of the uniform.
c. Immunization/chemoprophylaxis.
d. Personal protective devices.
e. All of the above.

4. How many personnel should be appointed by the commander for the field
sanitation team when medical personnel (91B) are not available?

a. Two soldiers, both of which are NCOs.

b. Two soldiers, one of which is an NCO.
c. Three soldiers, one of which is an NCO.

MD0174 2-6
5. Which one of the following is a duty of the Field Sanitation Team (FST)?

a. Only ensure proper waste disposal.

b. Only Instruct troops on personal protective measures.
c. Only Inspect to ensure pest food and shelters are eliminated.
d. Only supervise the application of pesticides.
e. All of the above.

6. The field sanitation team usually is not appointed prior to going to the field.

a. True.
b. False.

7. The sanitation team is responsible for providing the capability of controlling animal
reservoirs and disease vectors.

a. True.
b. False.

8. The preventive medicine detachment is a/an ____________ level organization.

a. Unit.
b. Individual.
c. Area.

9. The function of the Echelon II preventive medicine section of the division is to

coordinate, supervise, and support the efforts of the unit field sanitation team.

a. True.
b. False.

Check Your Answers on Next Page

MD0174 2-7
SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 2

1. c (para 2-2a)

2. c (para 2-2a(4))

3. e (para 2-2a)

4. b (para 2-2b(1))

5. e (para 2-2b(2))

6. b (para 2-2b(3))

7. a (para 2-2b)

8. a (para 2-2c)

9. a (para 2-2c)

End of Lesson 2

MD0174 2-8
 LESSON ASSIGNMENT

LESSON 3 Pest Management Support Organizations.

TEXT ASSIGNMENT Paragraphs 3-1 through 3-2.

LESSON OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you should be able to:

3-1. Select those responsibilities for supporting pest

management operations that belong to the
Office of the Surgeon General.

3-2. Select those responsibilities for supporting pest

management operations that belong to the
Office of the Armed Forces Pest Management
Board.

3-3. Select those responsibilities for supporting pest

management operations that belong to the
Defense Pest Management Information
Analysis Center.

3-4. Select those responsibilities for supporting pest

management operations that belong to the
Environmental Hygiene Agency.

3-5. Select those responsibilities for supporting pest

management operations that belong to the
Preventive Medicine Services.

3-6. Select those responsibilities for supporting pest

management operations that belong to the
U.S. Air Force Special Spray Detachment.

SUGGESTION After completing the assignment, complete the

exercises of this lesson. These exercises will help
you to achieve the lesson objectives.

MD0174 3-1
 LESSON 3

PEST MANAGEMENT SUPPORT ORGANIZATIONS

3-1. GENERAL

To provide a healthy environment for the individual, a comprehensive disease

prevention program must be developed and carried out and this must be a cooperative
effort involving many Army and DOD activities. Also, knowledge concerning control of
disease vectors and procedures on how to control pests must be shared. It is important
to know the organizations and agencies that are available to assist local commanders in
responsibilities are listed in AR 420-76, Pest Management.

3-2. SUPPORT ORGANIZATIONS

a. Office of The Surgeon General. The Surgeon General is responsible for the
overall development and oversight of DA policies and programs for the Army-wide
Preventive Medicine Program, which includes the following pest management related
fields:

(1) Disease and climatic injury control.

(2) Occupational health.

(3) Health hazard assessment.

(4) Medical safety.

(5) Pest and disease vector control.

(6) Environmental quality.

(7) Sanitation.

(8) Environmental laboratory services.

(9) Field preventive medicine.

(10) Toxicology.

b. Armed Forces Pest Management Board. The Armed Forces Pest

Management Board (AFPMB) is a Department of Defense triservice board that develops
and recommends pest management policy. The Armed Forces Pest Management
Board is also a scientific research/advisor body and coordination/liaison activity for

MD0174 3-2
DOD. It also operates an information analysis center and coordinates research for the
DOD.

c. Defense Pest Management Information Analysis Center. The Defense

Pest Management Information Analysis Center (DPMIAC) is an agency under the
Armed Forces Pest Management Board.

(1) Purpose. The DPMIAC personnel collect, analyze, index, store, and
disseminate information. They also provide consultation in the areas of vector and pest
biology, ecology, geographical distribution, pest management, arthropod-borne
diseases, stored products pests, and structural pests, as well as control techniques,
organisms, and compounds.

(2) Users. Authorized users consist of all Department of Defense pest

management personnel and ancillary personnel responsible for dealing with problems
professional personnel of other governmental agencies or government sponsored
contractors.

d. United States Army Center for Health Promotion and Prevention

Medicine.

(1) The U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Medicine
(USACHPPM) based at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, provides support for
Army Preventive Medicine programs through services, investigations, and training in
environmental quality and engineering, entomology, occupational health, radiation
protection, environmental sciences, toxicology, and related laboratory services.

(2) The services of USACHPPM are available upon request to worldwide

Army commands, installations, and activities. Technical assistance may be obtained as
specified in appropriate regulations.

(3) The USACHPPM provides support by:

(a) Operating three field support activities (FSA): FSA North--Fort

Meade, MD: FSA South--Fort McPherson, GA; and FSA West--Army Medical Center,
CO.

(b) Operating two OCONUS activities: the CHPPM-PAC, the SAGAMAI,

Japan; and at the CHPM-EUR, Landstuhl, Germany each activity is staffed with medical
entomologists who conduct integrated pest management (PM) surveys, resistance
studies, surveillance of medically important pests, and special studies as required.

e. Preventive Medicine Services. The Preventive Medicine Services Program

for the Army and areas under Army control encompasses medical and command
operations pertaining to communicable disease control, environmental health
engineering environmental sanitation, personal hygiene, mental hygiene, health nursing,

MD0174 3-3
occupational health, medical entomology, radiation protection, and nutrition. The
effective execution of this program, designed to prevent disease and injury and maintain
health, can be the most profitable accomplishment of a commander as disease, injury,
or environmental factors can rapidly deplete a command of adequate manpower.

f. United States Air Force Special Spray Detachment. This detachment is

stationed in Ohio and is available to go anywhere in the world to perform aerial spray as
part of a pest management program. They fly specially equipped planes to spray large
geographic areas for pests such as mosquitoes, Gypsy moths, and Japanese beetles.

Continue with Exercises

MD0174 3-4
EXERCISES, LESSON 3

INSTRUCTIONS: Answer the following exercises by marking the lettered response that
BEST answers the exercise, or BEST completes the incomplete statement, or by
indicating whether a statement is true or false.

After you have completed all of these exercises, turn to "Solutions to Exercises" at
the end of the lesson and check your answers. For each exercise answered incorrectly,
reread the material referenced with the solution.

1. The purpose of pest management support organizations is to assist local

commanders in their responsibility of controlling vector-borne diseases and pests.

a. True.
b. False.

2. Which one of the following is NOT a responsibility of the Office of The Surgeon
General?

a. Health hazard assessment.

b. Sanitation.
c. Field preventive medicine.
d. Determining specific types of pesticides to use.

3. Which of the following is NOT a duty of the Armed Forces Pest Management
Board?

a. Conducts pest management investigations and training to installations.

b. Develops and recommends pest management policy.
c. Serves as pest management scientific research/advisory body for DOD.

4. An agency under the Armed Forces Pest Management Board is the:

a. Surgeon General's Office.

b. The U.S. Air Force Special Spray Detachment.
c. Defense Pest Management Information Analysis Center.
d. United States Army Environmental Hygiene Agency.

MD0174 3-5
5. Only preventive medicine personnel in the Department of Defense may use the
facilities of the DPMIAC.

a. True.
b. False.

6. Each of the five U.S. Army Centers for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine
activities is staffed with medical entomologists who conduct:

a. Pest Management (PM) surveys, resistance studies and surveillance of

medically important pests.
b. Non scientific research/advisory functions.
c. Overall development/oversight of DA pest management policies.
d. None of the above.

7. The effective execution of the Preventive Medicine Services can be the most
profitable accomplishment of a commander in the maintaining the health of his
troops.

a. True.
b. False.

8. The Air Force Special Spray Detachment will spray pests in small geographic
areas.

a. True.
b. False.

Check Your Answers on Next Page

MD0174 3-6
SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 3

1. a (para 3-1)

2. d (paras 3-2a(3),(7),(9))

3. a (para 3-2b)

4. c (para 3-2c)

5. b (para 3-2c(2))

6. a (para 3-2d(3)(b))

7. a (para 3-2e)

8. b (para 3-2f)

End of Lesson 3

MD0174 3-7
 LESSON ASSIGNMENT

LESSON 4 Support of Pest Management Operations.

TEXT ASSIGNMENT Paragraphs 4-1 through 4-6.

LESSON OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you should be able to:

4-1. Identify the accounting procedures used to

account for pest management supplies and
equipment.

4-2. Select sources of equipment and supplies

available to DOD personnel.

4-3. Select the proper requisitioning procedures for

supplies and equipment.

4-4. Identify the procedures associated with

preparing an annual operating budget.

4-5. Identify the procedures associated with

preparing an annual equipment budget.

SUGGESTION After completing the assignment, complete the

exercises of this lesson. These exercises will help
you to achieve the lesson objectives.

MD0174 4-1
 LESSON 4

SUPPORT OF PEST MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS

Section I. REQUISITIONING OF SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT

4-1. GENERAL

In order to provide pest management services at the highest level of efficiency, it

is essential that a standard mechanism for the ordering of supplies and the replacement
of major items of equipment be developed. One of the principal benefits of the annual
pest program plan is that supply and equipment requirements can be determined. Also,
sufficient lead-time is provided in requisition and procurement actions so materials and
equipment are on hand before needed. Many of the pest management operations are
year-round and create a constant predictable supply demand. However, other
operations are seasonal in nature, and the materials they use might be dropped from
the supply cycle during the season of no demand. The planned program will enable
these seasonal uses to be tagged in the stock records system and provide a basis for
supply action. Normally, supply items will require 90 to 120 days for central
procurement. Assistance in establishing stock levels, reorder points, and technical
requirements for pest management items should be furnished by supervisory pest
management personnel to the supply agencies. Accounting for supplies and equipment
is outlined in AR 735-5, Property Accountability. Ordering of supplies is addressed in
DA Pam 710-2-2.

4-2. TYPES OF SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT

a. Expendable. Expendable supplies and/or equipment, broadly defined, are

items of supply that may be consumed in use, lose their identity in a large assembly, or
are considered to be so classified based on chapter 7 of AR 735-5. The physical
characteristics of an item, rather than its unit price, will normally be the basis of its
classification as expendable. However, items in this category usually cost less than
$200. Most of the supplies used in the daily conduct of operations by the pest
management shop are expendable items.

b. Nonexpendable. Nonexpendable items are all supplies not covered by the

definitions of expendable items. These are usually larger pieces of equipment and
normally cost more than $200. Nonexpendable items must be accounted for on
property book pages.

4-3. SOURCES OF SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT

a. Federal Supply System (Standard Items). "Standard” items are defined as

those items normally procured and issued by the Army and listed in Department of the

MD0174 4-2
Army (DA) supply manuals with an established stock number and nomenclature.
Normally, only standard pesticides and pest control equipment will be used in pest
management operations. Standard pesticides and equipment are developed through a
continuing research program and in general are the safest, most efficient, and most
economical available.

(1) Pesticides. Pesticides are chemicals used for prevention and control of a
large number of biological organisms. To prevent application of these materials where
unwarranted environmental contamination, risk to human health, or threat to fish and
wildlife could occur, procurement controls are required. Standard pesticides are
obtained through the Department of the Army supply channels. Even though so listed,
restricted-use pesticides must receive approval by MACOM Professional Pest
Management Personnel (MPPMP) for procurement.

(2) Equipment. The correct selection of pesticide dispersal equipment is

essential to the safe, effective, and economical control of pests. Installation
commanders are urged to obtain recommendations from the appropriate MPPMP
selection of equipment suitable to the needs of the installation.

b. Nonstandard Supplies and Equipment. “Nonstandard" items are defined

as those items not normally procured and issued through normal Army supply channels.
Purchases of nonstandard items required for pest management operations must receive
MPPMP approval prior to procurement. When such items are required, the using
activity must submit to its approving headquarters a request for local purchase. The
request will provide full justification of the need for the nonstandard items.

4-4. REQUISITIONING PROCEDURES

a. Supplies and Minor Equipment Items. Pest management shops should

have a standing operating procedure (SOP) established for the requisitioning of
supplies and minor pieces of equipment. Local approval must be obtained on all
requisitions. The supervisor must keep accurate records of all transactions in order to
maintain adequate stock levels of supply items. Seasonal items, except those which
can be procured locally as required, will be ordered sufficiently in advance to ensure
that the needs of the particular seasonal program or project can be met.

b. Equipment. Equipment items programmed on the Annual Equipment

Program Budget should be requisitioned through normal command channels for
approval and procurement. Such items must also be approved by the MPPMP.
Requisitions must contain complete justification of the need for the equipment and the
proposed use of each item.

c. Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment. Protective clothing and

equipment are essential to all operations which are inherently hazardous, which easily
become hazardous through unsafe acts, or which are made hazardous by existing
conditions such as ventilation, physical and biological hazards, atmospheric

MD0174 4-3
contaminants, and skin contaminants. Pest management operations should be
analyzed by safety or other technically qualified personnel to determine inherent or
man-made hazards. Standing operating procedures will reflect the results of such
operation as analysis by including requirements for the use of protective clothing and
equipment. Items of protective clothing and equipment required by command standing
operating procedures will be furnished without cost to personnel. Standard items of
protective clothing and equipment will be requisitioned through normal supply channels.
Personal protective equipment for pesticide applicators is contained in TIM 14 published
by the AFPMB.

Section II. SUPPLY PROGRAMMIING

4-5. PREPARATION OF ANNUAL OPERATING BUDGET

When preparing the budget for a pest management shop, the supervisor usually
must take the current level of expenses into account as a starting point. A review of the
past year’s records and reports will provide an estimate of the annual cost of supplies
and materials. The supervisor must then consider the programmed work schedule and
any new mission requirements. Another factor in planning the operating budget is the
possibility of expanded mission capabilities resulting from increased authorizations for
personnel or equipment. When all of these factors have been taken into consideration,
an accurate budget estimate can be made.

4-6. PREPARATION OF ANNUAL EQUIPMENT PROGRAM BUDGET

In addition to the annual operating budget, an annual equipment program budget

must be prepared. It is essential that a budgeting procedure be established which will
allow for timely replacement and/or procurement of more advanced items of equipment.
Replacement items should be programmed at least five years prior to the end of the life
expectancy of present equipment. Consideration should be given to the initial
procurement costs, maintenance costs, and the age of present equipment.
Recommendations from engineer or medical entomologists may be used as the basis of
justification for needed equipment.

Continue with Exercises

MD0174 4-4
EXERCISES, LESSON 4

INSTRUCTIONS: Answer the following exercises by marking the lettered response

that BEST answers the exercise, or BEST complete the incomplete statement, or by
indicating whether a statement is true or false.

After you have completed all of these exercises, turn to "Solutions to Exercises” at the
end of the lesson and check your answers. For each exercise answered incorrectly,
reread the material referenced with the solution.

1. One function of the annual pest program plan is to determine supply and
equipment requirements.

a. True.
b. False.

2. Which of the following defines expendable supplies and/or equipment?

a. Consumed in use.
b. Loses their identity in a large assembly.
c. Considered expendable by AR 735-5.
d. All of the above.

3. Nonexpendable items are usually:

a. Large items valued at least $2,000.

b. Large items valued at over $200.
c. Large items that remain constant in size.
d. None of the above.

4. Which of the following is a good definition of a standard supply items?

a. Items normally procured from local retailers.

b. Items with a unit price of $200 or more.
c. Items listed in the Department of Army supply manuals.
d. An item of standard size.

MD0174 4-5
5. Standard, approved pesticides can be obtained through the Department of Army
supply channels.

a. True.
b. False.

6. To order nonstandard supplies and equipment, the activity must provide:

a. Full justification of need for the nonstandard items.

b. A truck to pick up the order.
c. A valid credit card.
d. None of the above.

7. It is not necessary to keep accurate records of all transactions in order to maintain

adequate stock levels of supply items.

a. True.
b. False.

8. Equipment requests in which the equipment will be used in pest management

operations must be approved by the MPPMP.

a. True.
b. False.

9. In preparing a budget, the supervisor must take which of the following into
consideration?

a. Only current levels of expenses.

b. Only review of the past year's records and reports.
c. Only consideration of programmed work schedule and any new mission
requirements.
d. Only the possibility of expanded mission capability.
e. All of the above.

10. An annual equipment budget is prepared to allow for replacement and/or

procurement of new equipment.

a. True.
b. False.

MD0174 4-6
11. In replacement of equipment items, which is NOT listed as necessary?

a. Initial procurement cost.

b. Maintenance costs.
c. Age of present equipment.
d. How often the equipment is used.

Check Your Answers on Next Page

MD0174 4-7
SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 4

1. a (para 4-1)

2. d (para 4-2(a))

3. b (para 4-2b)

4. c (para 4-3a)

5. a (para 4-3a(1))

6. a (para 4-3b)

7. b (para 4-4a)

8. a (para 4-4b)

9. e (para 4-5)

10. a (para 4-6)

11. d (para 4-6)

End of Lesson 4

MD0174 4-8
 COMMENT SHEET

SUBCOURSE MD0174 Organization of Pest Management EDITION 100

Operations
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Name/Rank PURPOSE: To provide Army Correspondence Course Program
SSN students a means to submit inquiries and comments.
Address
USES: To locate and make necessary change to student records.
E-mail Address DISCLOSURE: VOLUNTARY. Failure to submit SSN will prevent
Telephone number (DSN) subcourse authors at service school from accessing
MOS/AOC student records and responding to inquiries requiring
such follow-ups.

U.S. ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT CENTER AND SCHOOL Fort Sam Houston, Texas 78234-6130