Lourdes Patricia L.

Carreon Zaborah Eunice Bobadilla, Nerissa Unielle Quenga, Bernadette Toledo

January 26, 2011

Aldehydes and ketones

I. Objectives
To perform qualitative analysis in order to examine the reactivities of various aldehydes and ketones

II. Schematic Diagram of Procedure

A. Reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) 5 drops 95% CH3CH2OH in three separate micro test tubes +2 drops acetone to one test tube and +2 drops of benzaldehyde to another one +1mL 2,4DNPH in HCl soln to each of the three test tubes

record color of ppt formed

B. Tollens Test
TT1: + 1 drop formalin; TT2: +1 drop acetone; TT3: +1 drop benzaldehyde

5 drops Tollens' reagent in 3 separate micro test tubes

observe formation of silver mirror

when silver mirror forms, pour out contents of TT and rinse with water

if no formation, warm in hot bath (aromatic halides: heating)

C. Schiffs Test

4 drops Schiff's reagent in 3 separate micro test tubes

TT 1: +1 drop formalin; TT2: +1 drop acetone; TT2: +1 drop benzaldehyde

shake and record color development in 3-4 mins

D. Benedicts Test

5 drops Benedict's reagent in 2 separate micro TT's

TT 1: + 2 drops formalin; TT 2: +2 drops benzaldehyde

place in hot water bath and note formation of brick red ppt

E. Iodoform Test

5 drops 10% NaOH in 2 separate TTs

TT 1: + 2 drops acetone; TT 2: 2 drops 95% CH3CH2OH

+ I2 in KI soln dropwise and shake TT's after each drop

if soln becomes colorless, + I2 in KI soln and note if soln turns yellow

warm soln in water bath

continue until soln turns pale yellow

F. Effect of Acid Concentration on the Rate of Addition of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine

weigh 0.15g 2,4dinitrophenylhydrazine in beaker and dissolve in 15 mL acetone 5 drops of 2,4dinitrophenylhydrazine soln into 4 diff TT's

decant if there are undissolved solids

note time of mixing and time when crystals appear

TT 1: +1 drop 0.1M CH3COOH; TT 2: +1 drop 0.1 M HCl; TT 3: +1 drop 1.0 M HCl

one TT is the standard

III. Table of Reagents/Products

IV. Waste Disposal

All wastes non-halogenated waste jars