Chapter 7

Introduction to Information Technology
Turban, Rainer and Potter

Chapter 7The Internet and Intranet
CHAPTER 7
THE INTERNET
AND INTRANETS
Learning Objectives
Describe what the Internet is, how it works, and how
users connect to it
Describe the capabilities that the Internet offers to users
Describe the World Wide Web and differentiate it from
the Internet
Identify and describe the tools that allow users to view
and search the Web
Identify and briefly describe the management
challenges caused by the Internet
Define the term intranet and discuss how intranets are
used by business
Chapter Overview
The Evolution of the The Operation of Services Provided by the
Internet the Internet Internet
• The Internet today •Addresses on the •Communications Services
• The infrastructure Internet •Information Retrieval Services
•Internet2 •Accessing the Internet
The World Wide Web Internet Challenges Intranets

•Browsers •New Technologies •Teamware
•Offline Browsers •Internet Regulation •Security
•Search Engines •Internet Expansion
•Push Technology •Internet Privacy
•Information Filters
•Clipping Services
•Personalized Web
Services
•Collaborative Filtering
•Web Authoring
Case : Schwab’s New
Internet Business Model
 The Business Problem
give top-notch advice and service but not to push
products or recommend which stocks to buy; keen
competition from both deep-discount Internet brokers
and full-service investment firms
The Solution
coach people on investing through the Internet
allow customers access to their own Web pages and initial
public offerings; online interviews with top executives
The Results
the more they go online for routine business, the less the
staff needs at Schwab’s service centers and branches
earns its highest ratings on “customer confidence,” but not
initially rated well in “ease-to-use”
Case (continued…)
What have we learned from this case??
Internet strategy is no longer just a source
of competitive advantage; it is necessary
for survival
An innovative use of the Internet can bring
competitive advantage but it may not be sustainable
The Internet in its various incarnations is a powerful
medium whose understanding is essential for the
modern business competitor
What is the Internet?

The Largest computer network in the world
(a network of networks)
Exchanges information seamlessly by using
the same open, non-proprietary standards and
protocols, within interconnected networks
Forms a massive electronic communications
network
Provides a true democratic communications
forum and has produced a democratization of
information
The Evolution of the Internet

1969 ARPANET
Late 1970s USENET (User’s Network)
Early 1980s Computer Science network
(CSNET) and BITNET
1986 NSFNET
Today Internet
Tomorrow Internet 2; ???
The Internet Today

The Internet is international, with users on
all continents
The cost of personal computers and Internet
connections are prohibitively high for most
of the population
Political, cultural, and regulatory barriers
have slowed the rate of Internet adoption
The vast majority of sites are in English
The vast majority of content is generated in
the United States
The Infrastructure of the Internet

Commercial communications companies now
largely provide the physical network backbone of
the Internet
The U.S. government continues to contribute
some funds to essential administrative processes
The National Science Foundation (NSF), in the
USA, pays for certain high-performance portions
of the network backbone
The Internet infrastructure is supplied by
network service provider
Internet2
In 1996 a consortium of universities
began establishing a faster network,
Internet2, with limited access devoted
exclusively to research purposes
Internet2 grew from 34 to more than
110 U.S. research universities in one
year
Internet2 is capable of transmitting
gigabits of information per second
The Operation of the Internet
Addresses on the Internet

IP address - uniquely identifies one from the
other computers
Domain name system (DNS) - derives the
names of the computers
Domain name - consists of multiple parts,
separated by dots, and are translated from
right to left; upper names are most important
(the dot com; wiley.com)
The Operation of the Internet

(continued …)
Accessing the Internet

Connect via LAN Server
Connect via Serial Line Internet
Protocol/Point Protocol (SLIP/PPP)
Connect via an Online Service
Services Provided by the Internet

Communication Services
Electronic Mail (e-mail)
USENET Newsgroups (Forums)
LISTSERV
Telnet
Streaming Audio and Video Internet Fax
Chatting Internet Telephony
Real-Time Audio and Video
Services Provided by the Internet

(continued …)
Information Retrieval Services
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Gophers Archie
Wide Area Information Servers (WAIS)
Veronica (Very Easy Rodent-Oriented

Netwide Index to Computer Archives)
The World Wide Web

The Internet - functions as the transport mechanism
The World Wide Web - an application that uses the
Internet transport functions, a system with universally
accepted standards for storing, retrieving, formatting, and
displaying information via a client/server architecture
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) - standard
hypertext language used in Web
Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) -
text-based language for describing the content and structure
of digital documents
Hyperlinks - from one Web page to another
The World Wide Web (continued …)
Home Page - a text and graphical screen display;

first, introductory page in a web site
Web Site - all the pages of a company or individual
Webmaster - the person in charge of a Web site
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) - points to the
address of a specific resource on the Web
Hypertext transport Protocol (HTTP) -
communications standard used to transfer pages
across the WWW portion of the Internet

Browser (software application that is used to access and
navigate the Web)
Netscape Communicator
a multipurpose suite that handles news, e-mail, audio- and
video conferencing, and more
Microsoft Internet Explorer
Internet Explorer’s tight integration with Windows offers
users the advantage of “one-stop computing”
Offline Browser
enables a user to retrieve pages automatically from
Web sites at predetermined times, often during the
night
Search Engines
programs that return a list of Web sites or
pages that match some user-selected criteria
ways to select pages for inclusion in the
database : Web Crawlers and Registration
metasearch engines
automatically enter search queries into a number
of other search engines and return the results
Push Technology automatically supplies

desirable information to users by means of a
process running on either the user’s desktop or a
network server
provides timely, prioritized distribution of
information over a corporate network in the
workplace
enhances traditional Web advertising in the
consumer market
used for software delivery and updates

Information Filters
automated methods of sorting relevant from irrelevant
information
Clipping Services
track news topics and retrieve articles from database of
publications
personalized Web Services
offer the ability to generate Web content that is
personalized for individual Web site visitors
Collaborative Filtering
a form of personalization services exemplified by
Personalogic

Web Authoring (for page and site design)
Standard HTML is the common denominator
CompuServe Graphics Interchange Format
(GIF) and Joint Photographic Experts Group
(JPEG) is the common format of graphics files
Enhancements to HTML
cascading style sheets (CSSs)
Dynamic HTML (DHYML)
Extensible markup language (XML)
Voice markup language (VoxML)
Virtual reality modeling language (VRML)
Internet Challenges
New Technologies
Vendors are adopting new technologies more
rapidly than many users and customers can
implement them
Internet Regulation
Some technical organizations are not formally
charged in any legal or operational sense with
responsibility for the Internet
Internet Expansion
The massive growth of Internet traffic has strained
some elements of the network
Internet Challenges (continued …)

Internet Privacy (Web sites collect information with
and without consumers’ knowledge)
Cookie - small data file placed on users’ hard drives
when they first visit a site
three potential bills are in USA Congress
the government should let groups develop voluntary
privacy standards but not take any action now unless
real problems arise
the government should recommend privacy standards
for the Internet but not pass laws at this time
the government should pass laws now for how personal
information can be collected and used on the Internet
Intranets
A private network that uses Internet
software and TCP/IP protocols
Teamware (intranet software)
used for team building, sharing ideas and
documents, brainstorming, scheduling, and
archiving decision to facilitate productivity
Security
public key security, encryption, digital
certificates, firewall and assured pipelines
Examples of Intranet
NationsBank’s Intranet improves relations with
big business customers
sales associates can get a global customer overview
Philips Electronics cuts delivery time
the intranet and the CAD eliminated the mislabelling
of products, inaccurate manufacturing fulfilment, and
correct areas of customer dissatisfaction
How BD manages knowledge
anyone at the company can find an in-house expert on
the firm’s core competencies
What’s in IT for Me?

For Accounting
Accounting personnel use corporate intranets to
consolidate transaction data to provide an overall
view of internal projects
Internet keeps accounting personnel informed on
legal and other changes affecting their profession
For Finance
Corporate intranets can provide a risk-evaluation
model so that financial analysts can evaluate the
risk of a project or an investment
The Web can be a marketing and service
provision channel
What’s in IT for Me? (continued …)

 For Marketing
Marketing managers use corporate intranets to
coordinate the activities of the sales force
The Internet opens a completely new marketing
channel
For Production/Operations Management
Intranet provides three-dimensional models and
animation to speed product development
The Internet is a great source of cutting-edge
information for POM pros.
What’s in IT for Me? (continued …)
 For Human Resource Management

On intranets, you publish corporate policy
manuals, job postings, company telephone
directories, and you conduct training classes
Companies deliver online training obtained
from the Internet to employees through their
intranets
the Internet supports worldwide recruiting
efforts

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Chapter 7

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Introduction to Information Technology

Turban, Rainer and Potter

The World Wide Web Internet Challenges Intranets

What is the Internet?

The Evolution of the Internet

The Internet Today

The Infrastructure of the Internet

The Operation of the Internet

Addresses on the Internet

The Operation of the Internet

Accessing the Internet

Services Provided by the Internet

Services Provided by the Internet

Veronica (Very Easy Rodent-Oriented

The World Wide Web

The World Wide Web (continued …)

Home Page - a text and graphical screen display;

The World Wide Web (continued …)

The World Wide Web (continued …)

The World Wide Web (continued …)

Push Technology automatically supplies

The World Wide Web (continued …)

The World Wide Web (continued …)

Internet Challenges (continued …)

What’s in IT for Me?

What’s in IT for Me? (continued …)

What’s in IT for Me? (continued …)

 For Human Resource Management

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