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Pathogen
Susceptible host
Time
Living Pathogens:
o Fungi - 8,000 o Bacteria - 200-300 o Virus - 500+ o Nematodes - 500 o Insects-- Thousands
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Use your eyes. Use a good hand lens. Look around: close up and far away Notice if it is only one plant family with problem or whole area Dig to look at the roots. Use a knife to look under bark.
Non-living Factors
o Nutrient deficiency o Water stress (too much or too little) o Temperature stress o Herbicide Damage o Prir Pollution/Ozone
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symptoms at different
Discula Anthracnose
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Attacks bracts, leaves, stems a Lethal to tree a Progresses from lower branches up a Favored by cool, wet weather a Problem in shaded, fog-prone
areas
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Anthracnose Controls
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DaconilWeather Stik
(chlorothalonf]
Dithane (mancozeb) [] Resistance C. florida 'Appalachian Spring' C. kousa C. kousa X C. florida hybrids (Stellar series)
Do not fertilize with high nitrogen fertilizers. Use trickle or soa ker irrigation. Prune out infected branches. Rake and destroy leaves in fall.
Early July-through
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rest of season
[] Fungicides:
Immunox, Fertilome Systemic Fungicide
Powdery Mildews-600+ types Host range: Various herbaceous plants, crape myrtle, dogwood, sycamore, oak, lilac, phlox, grapes
Galls:
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A gall is an unusual growth, usually on the leaves and stems of various plants. They can be caused by insects, mites, bacteria, and fungi.
-Days are warm and humid, nights are cool -Good air circulation -Systernic fungicides are effective
Insect galls are formed the insects or mite release growth regulating chemicals as they feed and develop. The chemicals cause the plant to form a gall which provides a home for the developing insect or mite.
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Crown Gall
I:J Caused by a bacteria I:J Affects many different I:J Usually on trunk,
crown, or roots
I:J Poor growth I:J Avoid
types of plants
wounds
Infection occurs on wood of the current season's growth I:J Prune out affected branches 12 inches below the infection
Bacterial Scorch
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Leaf spots and leaf drop during the later part of season Not a huge concern Clean up the leaves, often, no need for chemical Make note for next year.
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0_ No qhemical controls
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Leaf spots/Shot Hole Brought on by rains in April and June Fungicide sprays as a preventative Not much you can do in Aug. YES! It can weaken the tree
a Plants that are in water-logged soils due to over-watering or heavy rains are predisposed to infection a Moisture allows motile spores to move in the soil a Pathogen has a wide host range
Tomato Diseases
Most Common
Ones
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Black specks in the centers 0 the spots [J De~oliation is severe w/ penods of prolonged warm, wet weather [J Management requires a combination controls [J Can survive in soil for 3 years
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Late Blight:
Pi?ytophthora infestans
Devastate tomato plantings D Common in periods of cool, rainy weather D water-soaked areas that enlarge rapidly D Gives the plant a frost damaged appearance
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Verticillium Wilt
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Soil borne fungus Can survive in the soil for many years Lower leaves yellow and wilt Entire plant shrivels up and dies V-shaped lesion on the leaves
Pest Management
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Records or history of the plant, so you will know what diseases to expect. Know the diseases common in your area. Watch the weather. Monitor pests Good sanitation
Maryland
CI
http://ipmnet.umd.edu
(703)324-5369
abordas@vt.edu
Extension