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Federal



()
()

()

-
-
-
-
-


-
-
-

()


-

-
-
-

()

-

-
-
-

-
-
-
-
-

-
-

-

 ()

-
-
-
-

-
-
-

-
-
-
-

()

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-
-

-
-

jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qkdif&m ausmif;om;rsm; 'Drdku&ufwpf wyfOD;

A[dkaumfrwDXmecsKyf (a'gif;*Gif) rS xkwfa0jzef@csdonf?
yxrt}udrf
1994 ckESpf/ arv
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()








(European Community)

()

(QuasiFederal)







(Ethnic National Libration Movements)
()
()

-






()
()
()
()




()

()




() ()



(Nation)














()


(Unitary state)
(Confederation)

()

()

()



/
()

()



- ( )


(Self-determination)







()







()
()
()



()

() ()

[ -

 ()

" " ( - )

(Federal)
()
All Burma Students' Democratic Front (ABSDF)
()





(Country)


(Nation state)


(City Government)
(Province Government) (State Government)
(Local Government)






(Unit Located )
(Citizen)
(Formal
Independence)

(Earth Surface)


(Legal Status)


(Alien)




(Persons and Institutions)

[1]

() (A defined territory)
() (A permanent population)
() (An effective government)
() (The capacity to enter into
relations with other states)








(Nationalities)

() (Territory and Boundary)

()

(Common Language and Literature)

(Bilingual)
(Trilingual)

() (Common Culture)

() (Political Desire)

[2]

() (Common History)

Nation State Nation

State Nation State

Nation-State -
Nation State Nation-State
State-Nation
Nation-State





State-Nation
Nation-State

State-Nation

Nation-State State-Nation
(Part NationState)

-
-

[3]




Multi Nation -State










- (Kurd)

(Working Group on Indigenous
People WGIP)










()
()
(From of the Nation-State)

() (Unitary State)
() (Confederation)
() (Federal Union)

[4]

()









(Nationalism)










. .

[5]

()





()

[6]


(Sovereign Power)






(Sovereignty)

(sovereign)

(Jane Bodim)
Jane Bodim




(Governmental Institutions)






(United kingdom)












(European Community)
(Federal European )

[7]

( )










-

(International Law)

[8]

()

()




()








()




()

(Written Constitution)


()
/

()

()
()



()

[9]

 () ()

() (Executive Power)
() (Legislative Power)
() (Judicial Power)




()














(Core)






(Closely Independence )

[10]

 ()

" " ( - )

[11]

 (Unitary State)
()

()


" "







()



(Dual System) (Fused System)

() (Dual System)

(Dual System)


(Local Council)

(Interest Basic)
(Responsibility Basic)




()


(Decentralized State)

[12]

()

(perzect)


(Commissioner of the Public)


"
(Centralized States)"

(Confederation)

" "









()
()

[13]

 ( )










(
)
()

(NATO) (Warsaw Pact)

(Commonwealth of Independent State - CIS)
CIS

CIS
CIS

[14]


(British Commonwealth)






-


(ASEAN)


ASEAN

ASEAN ASEAN
ASEAN


EC (European Community ) EC

(ECSC) (EEC) (EAEC)
ECSC

EC




EC
European Union (EU)

(Covenants) (Treaties)

[15]

 ()

[16]

 ()







( )

(Nation State)






Riker (Federalism, 1975)
"
"


( )

[17]

 ( )



() -

() -

() -


() -


() -

CONFEDERATION

FEDERAL

[18]






() (Republics)
() (States)
() (Cantons)
() (Autonomous Provinces)
() (Autonomous Regions)
() (Union Territories)
() (National Areas)

( - )

(County) (Township) (Word)

()

()

(Plural Society)
(Unity of Diversity)

[19]

()

()

()


()





- () ()
() ()

()

[20]

()
()

(Lander)


(Hamburg) (Berlin)
(City-State)
(Bundesrat)
( )

(Council of States)

(Soviet of Nationalities )
-

(Union Republics) (Autonomous Republics)
(Autonomous Territories)

[21]

(Genuine
Federal ) (Moderate Federal)

(Nations)
(Ethnic Group)

() ()


()

[22]

()

"
(Exclusive Power)"

A =
B =

(Concurrent Power)

A c B

A =
B =
C =

[23]

 () ()

()
()



()

(Residuary Power)






()

[24]

Nigeria

Rhodesia and Nyasaland

West Indies

Law and procedure

Civil
Personal
Criminal

Malaya

Police
Public order
Prisons
Preventive detention

Pakistan 1962

Defence

Pakistan 1958

Implementation
Citizenship and aliens
Immigration:
into Federation
Between Regions

India

External Affair Treaty

Australia

Residuary power

Whether Regional
Powers listed

Canada

Yes

Yes
F
F
F

Yes
F
Fr
F

No
F
F
F

Yes
F
Fr
F+

No
F
FR
F

No
F
FR
FC

No

FR
F

No
C
C
C

FC
C

F
F
F
R
R
R
C

F
C
F
R
R
R
FR

F
F
F
R
F

F+
C+
F
F
C
F

F
C
F
FrR

FC
C
F
RCR

F
C
F

C
C
C

C
C
C

FR
Fx+R
F

CR
FR

CR

C
CR
C

FR

FR
FR
F

C
C

FC
C

(Yes) (No)

F =
R =
FR =
C =
Fr =

X+ =

[25]




()
(Upper House)
(Lower House)
























(Council States)



(Senate)

[26]







(QuasiFederal)








() ()
(Non-confidence)
(Dissolution of Parliament)




















(House of Representatives)



( Governer General)

[27]






(Governmental Institution)



()

()

()









(General Election)



() (Universal Suffrage)
() (Secret Voting)
() (Free)
() (Direct Election)
() (Equal)

[28]

 (Plural Society )





(Proportional
Representation)


(Bicameral Legislature)






(Concensus Democracy)

[29]





() ()


()

(Congress)





(Militia)





() ()

( )





(Coat of Arms )


(Serb) ()

[30]

/

() (Division of Power Between
Center and the State)
() (Supremacy of Constitution)
() (Written Constitution)
() (Rigid Constitution)
() (Special Judiciary)

/
/


/





(Quasi-Federal)

[31]



-















/

[32]

 ()

[33]















(Josef Silver Stein)













(DAB)

[34]

(Nation State)
(Austro- Hangarian)








(Wodro Wilson)

[35]










""
(National In From Socialist in Content)















(Indigenous People)




()






(Multi EthnicState) () (
)

[36]

 (The Rights of
Indigenous People)

( Aborigines - )

(Ethnic Nationalities)
(Martin Smith)
(Amnesty International)
(Ethnic Nation)


(Majority)
(Minority)

[37]





(Minority Rights)

-



-




-






(Covenant on Civil and Political Rights) ()

- " (Religious) (Linguistic)



"











(Herb Feith) (Alan Smit ) Self- determination In the
1990; the Need for UN Guide Line and Machinery to Resolve Ethno Nationalists


(Ethno Nationalists)

[38]

(Autonamy)



(First Generation)

(Second Generation)

(The Minority Rights Group)

"

"




"


" (A. Rego Sureda) (The Evolution of the Right of Selfdetermination)
(Divid P. Forsythe) "



" (Human Rights and Development)

[39]















(Selfgovernment)



-

-








/



/





/


/



/

[40]


()







(National in from Socialist in
Content)

(DAB)

"Autonomy"
(Self-government)

(Immanuel Kant, 1724-1804)

[41]


" - Freedom"


(Litmited Independence)






















(Social Cleavages)















(
)

[42]



















(Socialist Republic)

/



() (Russia Soviet Federative Socialist
Republic)

() (Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic)

() (Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic)

() (Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic)

() (Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic)

[43]

[44]

(BJP - Bharatiya Janata Party )


West Bengal
( )

Andhra Pradesh Arunachal

[45]

Pradesh Rajasthan Haryana Mizoram Manipur

Union Territory Delhi
Assam Goa Maharashtra Pondicherry

]














( Bundestag)
(Propotional Repreaentation)


(Plurality System)

[46]

(Consociational Democracy)

[47]

[48]

 ()

[49]



()

(Bicameral)




(Supreme Soviet)

(Soviet of the Union) (Soviet of the
Nationalities)

[50]



(Presidium)
(
)


()












( " [ ] "
)

[51]

[52]




























()



(Perestroika) (Glasnost)

(New Union Treaty)



(KGB)

[53]

[54]





(Confederation)

(Head of State)
(Head of Government)
(Federal Council)
(President)



(Collegial Executive)
(Consociational Democracy)


(Plural Society) (Segment)








() (Foreign Affairs)
() (Interior)
() (Justice and Police)
() (Military)

[55]

() (Finance)
() (Public Economy)
() (Transport, Communication and Energy)
(Chancellor)

(Federal Assembly)
(Counil of States) (National
Council)


(Half Conton)

(Indirect Election)

()
() ()











(Finicial)
(Money Bill)
( )


()


( )

[56]

 /





()
()
()

()
()
()

()

/






(Popular Sovereignty)

[57]

[58]

[59]

 Y




(Quasi-Federal)

(Union
Territories)
(Half Canton) (Territory)
(Autonomous Republic)






( )



( )



(Dr. Ambedker)

()

()

()


()
(Supreme Court)

[60]


(Governor)

[


' '


]

[61]

[62]





(Quebec) (Montreal)







(Governor General)

(Parlimentary Democracy)


(Presidential Democracy)

(Act) (Statute)
British North Americe Act 1867, the Westministet Statute 1931, The Constitytion Act
1982



(Dorminion State)





(Senate) (House of
Commons)




(Political Tribunal)

[63]

,
,



(Provice) (Territory)



(Yukan Territory) (Northwest Territory)
(Ontario) (Quebec)

--

[64]


Bibliography
- Michael G. Roskin, Countries and Concepts; an introduction to Comparative politics, third edition,
prentice-Hall International Editions, 1989.
- Neill Nugent, The Government and politics of the European Community, second edition, Macmillan,
1992.
- Rod Hague, Martin Harrop and Shaun Breslin, Comparative Governments and politics, introduction,
third edition, Macmillan, 1992.
- Rachael Denber, ed, The Soviet Nationality Reader, The Disintegration in Context, Westview press,
1992.
- S.L. Kaeley, World Constitution, Sudah Publicationa (P) Ltd.
- Austin Ranney, Governing; an Introduction to Political Science, Fifth edition, Prentice-Hall
International Editions a, 1990.
- E. J. Hobsbawm, Nations and Nationalism Since 1780,Cambridge University Press, Canton edition,
1991.
- Ernest Gellner, Nations and Nationalism, Basic Blackwell, 1990.
- Ghia Nodia, Nationalism and Democracy, Journal of Democracy, Vol.3, No.4, Oct 1992.
- C. C. Tennant and M.E. Turpel, a Case Study of Indigenous Peoples; Genocide, Ethnocide and Selfdetermination, Nordic Journal of International Law, Vol 59, 1990.
- Herb Feith & Alan Smith, self-determination in the 1990s, The UN Guidelines and Machinery to
Resolve Ethno-nationalist Conflicts.
- Facts about the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Secretariat of Information of Federal of
Federal Executive Council, Belgrade, 1989.
- Facts about Germany (Federal Republic of Germany), Sixth revised edition, Lexikon-Insrtitut
Bertelsmann, 1987.
- Dr. Alan Smith, Ethnic and the state in Burma; military Domination or A Politics of National
Reconciliation?, A Paper Presented to the Work Shop on Managing Diversity? Governments and
Ethnicity in South East Asia and the Pacific, held at the Australian National University, Canberra,
January 1994.
- Dr. Patrick Thornberry, Minorities and Human Rights Law, a Minority Rights Group Report, 1991.
- The Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the Human Rights Fact Sheet Series, The United Nations.
- Minority Rights, the Human Rights Fact Sheet Series, the United Nations.
- Indigenous Peoples in Asia; Toward Self-determination, report of the indigenous Peoples forum,
Chiang Mai, Thailand, 1990.
- Hurst Hannum, Autonomy, Sovereignity and Self- determination; The Accommodation of Conficting
Rights, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1990.
- J.G. Starke, Introduction to International Law, tenth edition, Bufferwoth International Edition, 1989.
- A. Rigo Sureda, Evolution of the Right of Self-determination; a Study of United Nations Practice, A.
W Sijthoff International Publishing Company, 1973.

Federal Constitutions
Australia.
United States of America.
Canada.
India.
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Yugoslavia.
Federal Republic of Germany.
Switzerland.
Union of Burma (1947).
--

[65]